메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue , 2012, Pages 601-670

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Author keywords

PEMFCs applications; PEMFCs components; PEMFCs degradation mechanisms; PEMFCs electrochemical processes; PEMFCs mitigation strategies; PEMFCs performance and testing; PEMFCs stacking and system; Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Indexed keywords


EID: 84886066620     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527639496.ch13     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (37)

References (366)
  • 1
    • 0000128880 scopus 로고
    • On voltaic series and the combination of gases by platinum
    • Grove, W.R. (1839) On voltaic series and the combination of gases by platinum. London Edinburgh Philos. Mag. J. Sci., 3 (14), 127-130.
    • (1839) London Edinburgh Philos. Mag. J. Sci. , vol.3 , Issue.14 , pp. 127-130
    • Grove, W.R.1
  • 2
    • 84886000346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historic Papers in Electrochemistry, Electrochemical Science and Technology Information Resource (ESTIR), hosted by the Ernest B. Yeager Center for Electrochemical Science (YCES) and the Chemical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. (accessed September 13)
    • http://electrochem.cwru.edu/estir/hist/hist-15-Grove-1.pdf, Historic Papers in Electrochemistry, Electrochemical Science and Technology Information Resource (ESTIR), hosted by the Ernest B. Yeager Center for Electrochemical Science (YCES) and the Chemical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. (accessed September 13 2010).
    • (2010)
  • 5
    • 0242341096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confusion and controversy: nineteenth-century theories of the voltaic pile
    • (eds F. Bevilacqua and L. Fregonese), Nuova Voltiana, Pavia
    • Kragh, H. (2000) Confusion and controversy: nineteenth-century theories of the voltaic pile, in Studies on Volta and His Times, vol. 1 (eds F. Bevilacqua and L. Fregonese), Nuova Voltiana, Pavia, pp. 133-157.
    • (2000) Studies on Volta and His Times , vol.1 , pp. 133-157
    • Kragh, H.1
  • 6
    • 72949099888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical versus heat-engine energy technology: a tribute to Wilhelm Ostwald's visionary statements
    • Kunze, J. and Stimming, U. (2009) Electrochemical versus heat-engine energy technology: a tribute to Wilhelm Ostwald's visionary statements. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 48 (49), 9230-9237.
    • (2009) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , vol.48 , Issue.49 , pp. 9230-9237
    • Kunze, J.1    Stimming, U.2
  • 7
    • 84886056933 scopus 로고
    • Part I - Concept and Design
    • The NASA Historical Series, NASA SP-4002 document, NASA Washington D.C. (accessed September 21 2010)
    • Grimwood, J.M., Hacker, B.C., and Vorzimmer, P.J. (1969) Part I - Concept and Design, in Project Gemini - A Chronology, The NASA Historical Series, NASA SP-4002 document, NASA Washington D.C., pp. 1-68. http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/ casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690027123_ 1969027123.pdf (accessed September 21 2010).
    • (1969) Project Gemini - A Chronology , pp. 1-68
    • Grimwood, J.M.1    Hacker, B.C.2    Vorzimmer, P.J.3
  • 8
    • 84886016450 scopus 로고
    • (eds C. Michael and E.E. Aldrin Jr.), Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Library of Congress
    • Farmer, G. and Hamblin, D.J. (1970) in First on the Moon: A Voyage With Neil Armstrong (eds C. Michael and E.E. Aldrin Jr.), Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Library of Congress, pp. 51-54
    • (1970) First on the Moon: A Voyage With Neil Armstrong , pp. 51-54
    • Farmer, G.1    Hamblin, D.J.2
  • 9
    • 0002931446 scopus 로고
    • Chapter 11 Research, development and demonstration of solid polymer fuel cell systems
    • (eds L.J.M.J. Blomen and M.N. Mugerwa), Plenum Press, New York
    • Watkins, D.S. (1993), Chapter 11 Research, development, and demonstration of solid polymer fuel cell systems in Fuel Cell System (eds L.J.M.J. Blomen and M.N. Mugerwa), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 493-530.
    • (1993) Fuel Cell System , pp. 493-530
    • Watkins, D.S.1
  • 10
    • 0035704087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantum jumps in the PEMFC science and technology from 1960s to the year 2000, Part II. Engineering, technology development and application aspect
    • Costamagna, P., and Srinivasan, S. (2001) Quantum jumps in the PEMFC science and technology from 1960s to the year 2000, Part II. Engineering, technology development and application aspect. J. Power Sources, 102 (1-2), 253-269.
    • (2001) J. Power Sources , vol.102 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 253-269
    • Costamagna, P.1    Srinivasan, S.2
  • 11
    • 0003490641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuel Cells Green Power
    • (accessed September 21 2010)
    • Thomas, S. and Zalbowitz, M. (2000) Fuel Cells Green Power, Los Alamos National Laboratory, www.education.lanl.gov/resources/fuelcells, http://www.lanl.gov/orgs/mpa/mpa11/ Green%20Power.pdf (accessed September 21 2010).
    • (2000) Los Alamos National Laboratory
    • Thomas, S.1    Zalbowitz, M.2
  • 12
    • 0002860723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuel cells - fundamentals and applications
    • Carrette, L., Friedrich, K.A., and Stimming, U. (2001) Fuel cells - fundamentals and applications. Fuel Cells, 1 (1), 5-39.
    • (2001) Fuel Cells , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-39
    • Carrette, L.1    Friedrich, K.A.2    Stimming, U.3
  • 14
    • 34247121599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: principle and advances
    • Scott, K. and Shukla, A.K. (2004) Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: principle and advances. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol., 3 (3), 273-280.
    • (2004) Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-280
    • Scott, K.1    Shukla, A.K.2
  • 17
    • 77956380623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications
    • Peighambardoust, S.J., Rowshanzamir, S., and Amjadi, M. (2010) Review of the proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 (17), 9349-9384.
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.17 , pp. 9349-9384
    • Peighambardoust, S.J.1    Rowshanzamir, S.2    Amjadi, M.3
  • 18
    • 4344698697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 49 Fuel cell technology and applications: mechanisms of membrane degradation
    • (eds W. Vielstich, A.Lamm, and H. Gasteiger), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
    • La Conti, A.B., Hamdan, M., and McDonald, R.C. (2003), Chapter 49 Fuel cell technology and applications: mechanisms of membrane degradation in Handbook of Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, vol. 3 (eds W. Vielstich, A.Lamm, and H. Gasteiger), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 647-662.
    • (2003) Handbook of Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications , vol.3 , pp. 647-662
    • La Conti, A.B.1    Hamdan, M.2    McDonald, R.C.3
  • 19
    • 33747831170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of water transport properties on a PEM fuel cell operating with dry hydrogen
    • Cai, Y., Hu, J., Ma, H., Yi, B., and Zhang, H. (2006) Effect of water transport properties on a PEM fuel cell operating with dry hydrogen. Electrochim. Acta, 51 (28), 6361-6366.
    • (2006) Electrochim. Acta , vol.51 , Issue.28 , pp. 6361-6366
    • Cai, Y.1    Hu, J.2    Ma, H.3    Yi, B.4    Zhang, H.5
  • 20
    • 71849093225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review on water balance in the membrane electrode assembly of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • Dai, W., Wang, H., Yuan, X.-Z., Martin, J.J., Yang, D., Qiao, J., and Ma, J. (2009) A review on water balance in the membrane electrode assembly of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34 (23), 9461-9478.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.34 , Issue.23 , pp. 9461-9478
    • Dai, W.1    Wang, H.2    Yuan, X.-Z.3    Martin, J.J.4    Yang, D.5    Qiao, J.6    Ma, J.7
  • 21
    • 13444252911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs
    • Gasteiger, H.A., Kocha, S.S., Sompalli, B., and Wagner, F.T. (2005) Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 56 (1-2), 9-35.
    • (2005) Appl. Catal. B: Environ. , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 9-35
    • Gasteiger, H.A.1    Kocha, S.S.2    Sompalli, B.3    Wagner, F.T.4
  • 24
    • 0029532117 scopus 로고
    • The age of energy gases
    • Hefner, R.A. (1995) The age of energy gases. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 20 (12), 945-948.
    • (1995) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.20 , Issue.12 , pp. 945-948
    • Hefner, R.A.1
  • 25
    • 0033618581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A realizable renewable energy future
    • Turner, J.A. (1999) A realizable renewable energy future. Science, 285 (5428), 687-689.
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , Issue.5428 , pp. 687-689
    • Turner, J.A.1
  • 26
    • 39749172484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micro-structured 5 kW complete fuel processor for iso-octane as hydrogen supply system for mobile auxiliary power units: Part I, Development of autothermal reforming catalyst and reactor
    • Kolb, G., Baier, T., Schürer, J., Tiemann, D., Ziogas, A., Ehwald, H., and Alphonse, P. (2008) Micro-structured 5 kW complete fuel processor for iso-octane as hydrogen supply system for mobile auxiliary power units: Part I. Development of autothermal reforming catalyst and reactor. Chem. Eng. J., 137 (3), 653-663.
    • (2008) Chem. Eng. J. , vol.137 , Issue.3 , pp. 653-663
    • Kolb, G.1    Baier, T.2    Schürer, J.3    Tiemann, D.4    Ziogas, A.5    Ehwald, H.6    Alphonse, P.7
  • 27
    • 40749100634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A micro-structured 5 kW complete fuel processor for iso-octane as hydrogen supply system for mobile auxiliary power units Part II - development of water-gas shift and preferential oxidation catalysts and reactors and assembly of the fuel processor
    • Kolb, G., Baier, T., Schürer, J., Tiemann, D., Ziogas, A., Specchia, S., Galletti, C., Germani, G., and Schuurman, Y. (2008) A micro-structured 5 kW complete fuel processor for iso-octane as hydrogen supply system for mobile auxiliary power units Part II - development of water-gas shift and preferential oxidation catalysts and reactors and assembly of the fuel processor. Chem. Eng. J., 138 (1-3), 474-489.
    • (2008) Chem. Eng. J. , vol.138 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 474-489
    • Kolb, G.1    Baier, T.2    Schürer, J.3    Tiemann, D.4    Ziogas, A.5    Specchia, S.6    Galletti, C.7    Germani, G.8    Schuurman, Y.9
  • 28
    • 77955039865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling study on the performance of an integrated APU fed with hydrocarbon fuels
    • Specchia, S. and Specchia, V. (2010) Modeling study on the performance of an integrated APU fed with hydrocarbon fuels. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49 (15), 6803-6809.
    • (2010) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , vol.49 , Issue.15 , pp. 6803-6809
    • Specchia, S.1    Specchia, V.2
  • 29
    • 0032050968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An along-the channel-model for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • Yi, J.S. and Nguyen, T.V. (1998) An along-the channel-model for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J. Electrochem. Soc., 145 (4), 1149-1159.
    • (1998) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.145 , Issue.4 , pp. 1149-1159
    • Yi, J.S.1    Nguyen, T.V.2
  • 30
    • 60649120417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal management issue in PEMFC stack - A brief review of current status
    • Kandlikar, S.G. and Lu, Z. (2009) Thermal management issue in PEMFC stack - A brief review of current status. Appl. Therm. Eng., 29 (7), 1276-1280.
    • (2009) Appl. Therm. Eng. , vol.29 , Issue.7 , pp. 1276-1280
    • Kandlikar, S.G.1    Lu, Z.2
  • 31
    • 34147165697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton exchange membrane fuel cell from low temperature to high temperature: material challenges
    • Shao, Y., Yin, G., Wang, Z., and Gao, Y. (2007) Proton exchange membrane fuel cell from low temperature to high temperature: material challenges. J. Power Sources, 167 (2), 235-242.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.167 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-242
    • Shao, Y.1    Yin, G.2    Wang, Z.3    Gao, Y.4
  • 32
    • 0347388416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CO poisoning effect in PEMFCs operational at temperatures up to 200°C
    • Li, Q., He, R., Gao, J.-A., Jensen, J.O., and Bjerrum, N.J. (2003) The CO poisoning effect in PEMFCs operational at temperatures up to 200 ŽC. J. Electrochem. Soc., 150 (12), A1599-A1606.
    • (2003) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.150 , Issue.12
    • Li, Q.1    He, R.2    Gao, J.-A.3    Jensen, J.O.4    Bjerrum, N.J.5
  • 33
    • 33751163247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the Butler-Volmer equations in the modeling of activation polarization for PEM fuel cells
    • Mann, R.F., Amphlett, J.C., Peppley, B.A., and Thurgood, C.P. (2006) Application of the Butler-Volmer equations in the modeling of activation polarization for PEM fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 161 (2), 775-781.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.161 , Issue.2 , pp. 775-781
    • Mann, R.F.1    Amphlett, J.C.2    Peppley, B.A.3    Thurgood, C.P.4
  • 34
    • 1542360350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 46 Beginning-of-life MEA performance-efficiency loss contributions
    • (eds W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, and H.A. Gasteiger), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
    • Gasteiger, H.A., Gu, W., Makharia, R., Mathias, M.F., and Sompalli, B. (2003) Chapter 46 Beginning-of-life MEA performance-efficiency loss contributions in Handbook of Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, vol. 3 (eds W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, and H.A. Gasteiger), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 593-610.
    • (2003) Handbook of Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications , vol.3 , pp. 593-610
    • Gasteiger, H.A.1    Gu, W.2    Makharia, R.3    Mathias, M.F.4    Sompalli, B.5
  • 37
    • 74249117610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hydrogen crossover on open-circuit voltage in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
    • Vilekar, S.A., and Datta, R. (2010) The effect of hydrogen crossover on open-circuit voltage in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 195 (8), 2241-2247.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.8 , pp. 2241-2247
    • Vilekar, S.A.1    Datta, R.2
  • 39
    • 0042492950 scopus 로고
    • Chapter 4 Electrocatalysis
    • (eds B.E. Conway, J.O'M. Bockris, E. Yeager, S.U.M. Khan, and R.E. White) Plenum Press, New York
    • Appleby, A.J. (1983), Chapter 4 Electrocatalysis, in Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Kinetics and Mechanism of Electrode Processes, vol. 7 (eds B.E. Conway, J.O'M. Bockris, E. Yeager, S.U.M. Khan, and R.E. White) Plenum Press, New York, pp. 173-239.
    • (1983) Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Kinetics and Mechanism of Electrode Processes , vol.7 , pp. 173-239
    • Appleby, A.J.1
  • 40
    • 33748442053 scopus 로고
    • Influence of d-state density and chemistry of transition metal cluster selenides on electrocatalysis
    • Alonso Vante, N., Schubert, B., Tributsch, H., and Perrin, A. (1988) Influence of d-state density and chemistry of transition metal cluster selenides on electrocatalysis. J. Catal., 112 (2), 384-391.
    • (1988) J. Catal. , vol.112 , Issue.2 , pp. 384-391
    • Alonso Vante, N.1    Schubert, B.2    Tributsch, H.3    Perrin, A.4
  • 41
    • 0035700531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantum jumps in the PEMFC science and technology from the 1960s to the year 2000 Part I, Fundamental scientific aspects
    • Costamagna, P. and Srinivasan, S. (2001) Quantum jumps in the PEMFC science and technology from the 1960s to the year 2000 Part I. Fundamental scientific aspects. J. Power Sources, 102 (1-2), 242-252.
    • (2001) J. Power Sources , vol.102 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 242-252
    • Costamagna, P.1    Srinivasan, S.2
  • 42
    • 31544481420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A primer on electrocatalysis
    • Bockris, J.O.M. (2005) A primer on electrocatalysis. J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 70 (3), 475-487.
    • (2005) J. Serb. Chem. Soc. , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 475-487
    • Bockris, J.O.M.1
  • 44
    • 49349131875 scopus 로고
    • Electroreduction of oxygen - A new mechanistic criterion
    • Wroblowa, H.S., Pan, Y.-C., and Razumney, G. (1976) Electroreduction of oxygen - A new mechanistic criterion. J. Electroanal. Chem., 69 (2), 195-201.
    • (1976) J. Electroanal. Chem. , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-201
    • Wroblowa, H.S.1    Pan, Y.-C.2    Razumney, G.3
  • 45
    • 0041571511 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of the kinetic parameters of conjugated reactions of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide
    • Bagotskii, V.S., Tarasevich, M.R., and Filinovskii, V.Y. (1969) Calculation of the kinetic parameters of conjugated reactions of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Elektrokhimiya, 5, 1218-1226.
    • (1969) Elektrokhimiya , vol.5 , pp. 1218-1226
    • Bagotskii, V.S.1    Tarasevich, M.R.2    Filinovskii, V.Y.3
  • 46
    • 33745651870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of electrochemical O2 reduction on Pt
    • Zhdanov, V.P. and Kasemo, B. (2006) Kinetics of electrochemical O2 reduction on Pt. Electrochem. Commun., 8 (7), 1132-1136.
    • (2006) Electrochem. Commun. , vol.8 , Issue.7 , pp. 1132-1136
    • Zhdanov, V.P.1    Kasemo, B.2
  • 47
    • 84886010609 scopus 로고
    • Chapter 4 The Chatodic Reduction of Oxygen
    • John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
    • Hoare, J.P. (1968), Chapter 4 The Chatodic Reduction of Oxygen in The Electrochemistry of Oxygen, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 117-142.
    • (1968) The Electrochemistry of Oxygen , pp. 117-142
    • Hoare, J.P.1
  • 48
    • 33646830942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in preparation of non-noble electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell reactions
    • Zhang, L., Zhang, J., Wilkinson, D.P., and Wang, H. (2006) Progress in preparation of non-noble electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell reactions. J. Power Sources, 156 (2), 171-182.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.156 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-182
    • Zhang, L.1    Zhang, J.2    Wilkinson, D.P.3    Wang, H.4
  • 49
    • 0032640345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocatalysis of CO tolerance in hydrogen oxidation reaction in PEM fuel cells
    • Lee, S.J., Mukerjee, S., Ticianelli, E.A., and McBreen, J. (1999) Electrocatalysis of CO tolerance in hydrogen oxidation reaction in PEM fuel cells. Electrochim. Acta, 44 (19), 3283-3293.
    • (1999) Electrochim. Acta , vol.44 , Issue.19 , pp. 3283-3293
    • Lee, S.J.1    Mukerjee, S.2    Ticianelli, E.A.3    McBreen, J.4
  • 50
    • 0000911956 scopus 로고
    • Electrocatalysts for hydrogen/carbon monoxide fuel cell anodes
    • Niedrach, L.W., McKee, D.W., Paynter, J., and Danzig, I.F. (1967) Electrocatalysts for hydrogen/carbon monoxide fuel cell anodes. Electrochem. Technol., 5 (7-8), 318-323.
    • (1967) Electrochem. Technol. , vol.5 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 318-323
    • Niedrach, L.W.1    McKee, D.W.2    Paynter, J.3    Danzig, I.F.4
  • 51
    • 0000298166 scopus 로고
    • Electrocatalysts for hydrogen/ carbon monoxide fuel cell anodes, III. The behavior of supported binary noble metals
    • McKee, D.W. and Scarpellino, A.J. Jr. (1968) Electrocatalysts for hydrogen/ carbon monoxide fuel cell anodes. III. The behavior of supported binary noble metals. Electrochem. Technol., 6 (3-4), 101-105.
    • (1968) Electrochem. Technol. , vol.6 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 101-105
    • McKee, D.W.1    Scarpellino Jr., A.J.2
  • 52
    • 0030189773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the reaction pathway for methanol and carbon monoxide electrooxidation on Pt-Sn alloy versus Pt-Ru alloy surfaces
    • Wang, K., Gasteiger, H.A., Markovic, N.M., and Ross, P.N., Jr. (1996) On the reaction pathway for methanol and carbon monoxide electrooxidation on Pt-Sn alloy versus Pt-Ru alloy surfaces. Electrochim. Acta, 41 (16), 2587-2593.
    • (1996) Electrochim. Acta , vol.41 , Issue.16 , pp. 2587-2593
    • Wang, K.1    Gasteiger, H.A.2    Markovic, N.M.3    Ross Jr., P.N.4
  • 53
    • 0001727788 scopus 로고
    • Electrocatalysts for hydrogen/ carbon monoxide fuel cell anodes, II. The platinum-rhodium and platinum-iridium systems
    • McKee, D.W., Niedrach, L.W., Paynter, J., and Danzig, I.F. (1967) Electrocatalysts for hydrogen/ carbon monoxide fuel cell anodes. II. The platinum-rhodium and platinum-iridium systems. Electrochem. Technol., 5 (9-10), 419-423.
    • (1967) Electrochem. Technol. , vol.5 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 419-423
    • McKee, D.W.1    Niedrach, L.W.2    Paynter, J.3    Danzig, I.F.4
  • 54
    • 0000614988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 30 bulk alloy electrode
    • Grgur, B.N., Zhuang, G., Markovic, N.M., and Ross, P.N. Jr. (1998) Electrooxidation of H2, CO, and H2/CO mixtures on a well-characterized Pt70Mo30 bulk alloy electrode. J. Phys. Chem. B, 102 (14), 2494-2501.
    • (1998) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.102 , Issue.14 , pp. 2494-2501
    • Grgur, B.N.1    Zhuang, G.2    Markovic, N.M.3    Ross Jr., P.N.4
  • 55
    • 0000435904 scopus 로고
    • Performance of carbon monoxide in low-temperature fuel cells containing oxide catalysts
    • Niedrach, L.W. and Weinstock, I.B. (1965) Performance of carbon monoxide in low-temperature fuel cells containing oxide catalysts. Electrochem. Technol., 3 (7-8), 270-275.
    • (1965) Electrochem. Technol. , vol.3 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 270-275
    • Niedrach, L.W.1    Weinstock, I.B.2
  • 56
    • 78650026899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocatalysis of the hydrogen oxidation in the presence of CO RhO2/C-supported Pt nanoparticles
    • Freitas, K.S., Lopes, P.P., and Ticianelli, E.A. (2010) Electrocatalysis of the hydrogen oxidation in the presence of CO RhO2/C-supported Pt nanoparticles. Electrochim. Acta, 56 (1), 418-426.
    • (2010) Electrochim. Acta , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 418-426
    • Freitas, K.S.1    Lopes, P.P.2    Ticianelli, E.A.3
  • 57
    • 77954176632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of sulfur poisoning on a PEM fuel cell electrode
    • Sethuraman, V.A. and Weidner, J.W. (2010) Analysis of sulfur poisoning on a PEM fuel cell electrode. Electrochim. Acta, 55 (20), 5683-5694.
    • (2010) Electrochim. Acta , vol.55 , Issue.20 , pp. 5683-5694
    • Sethuraman, V.A.1    Weidner, J.W.2
  • 58
    • 33847305491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of PEM hydrogen fuel cell contamination: impacts, mechanisms, and mitigation
    • Cheng, X., Shi, Z., Glass, N., Zhang, L., Zhang, J., Song, D., Liu, Z.-S., Wang, H., and Shen, J. (2007) A review of PEM hydrogen fuel cell contamination: impacts, mechanisms, and mitigation. J. Power Sources, 165 (2), 739-756.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.165 , Issue.2 , pp. 739-756
    • Cheng, X.1    Shi, Z.2    Glass, N.3    Zhang, L.4    Zhang, J.5    Song, D.6    Liu, Z.-S.7    Wang, H.8    Shen, J.9
  • 59
    • 0002402602 scopus 로고
    • Preparation and characterization of carbon/titanium dioxide surfaces - the reduction of oxygen
    • Baez, V.B. and Pletcher, D. (1995) Preparation and characterization of carbon/titanium dioxide surfaces - the reduction of oxygen. J. Electroanal. Chem., 382 (1-2), 59-64.
    • (1995) J. Electroanal. Chem. , vol.382 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 59-64
    • Baez, V.B.1    Pletcher, D.2
  • 60
    • 5444220084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrostatic layer by layer assembled carbon nanotube mutilayer film and its catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction
    • Zhang, M., Yan, Y., Gong, K., Mao, L., Guo, Z., and Chen, Y. (2004) Electrostatic layer by layer assembled carbon nanotube mutilayer film and its catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction. Langmuir, 20 (20), 8781-8785.
    • (2004) Langmuir , vol.20 , Issue.20 , pp. 8781-8785
    • Zhang, M.1    Yan, Y.2    Gong, K.3    Mao, L.4    Guo, Z.5    Chen, Y.6
  • 61
    • 0035978506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of carbon supported catalysts to improve performance in gas diffusion electrodes
    • Jia, N., Martin, R.B., Qi, Z., Lefebvre, M.C., and Pickup, P.G. (2001) Modification of carbon supported catalysts to improve performance in gas diffusion electrodes. Electrochim. Acta, 46 (18), 2863-2859.
    • (2001) Electrochim. Acta , vol.46 , Issue.18 , pp. 2859-2863
    • Jia, N.1    Martin, R.B.2    Qi, Z.3    Lefebvre, M.C.4    Pickup, P.G.5
  • 62
    • 67649670310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ordered mesoporous carbons as catalyst support for PEM fuel cells
    • Ambrosio, E.P., Dumitrescu, M.A., Francia, C., Gerbaldi, C., and Spinelli, P. (2009) Ordered mesoporous carbons as catalyst support for PEM fuel cells. Fuel Cells, 9 (3), 197-200.
    • (2009) Fuel Cells , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-200
    • Ambrosio, E.P.1    Dumitrescu, M.A.2    Francia, C.3    Gerbaldi, C.4    Spinelli, P.5
  • 63
    • 33847664188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of cellulose-based carbon aerogels as catalyst support for PEM fuel cell electrodes: electrochemical characterization
    • Guilminot, E., Fischer, F., Chatenet, M., Rigacci, A., Berthon-Fabry, S., Achard, P., and Chainet, E. (2007) Use of cellulose-based carbon aerogels as catalyst support for PEM fuel cell electrodes: electrochemical characterization. J. Power Sources, 166 (1), 104-111.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.166 , Issue.1 , pp. 104-111
    • Guilminot, E.1    Fischer, F.2    Chatenet, M.3    Rigacci, A.4    Berthon-Fabry, S.5    Achard, P.6    Chainet, E.7
  • 64
    • 33646087406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon cryogel as support of platinum nano-sized electrocatalyst for the hydrogen oxidation reaction
    • Babić, B.M., Vrǎcar, L.M., Radmilović, V., and Krstaji?, N.V. (2006) Carbon cryogel as support of platinum nano-sized electrocatalyst for the hydrogen oxidation reaction. Electrochim. Acta, 51 (18), 3820-3826.
    • (2006) Electrochim. Acta , vol.51 , Issue.18 , pp. 3820-3826
    • Babić, B.M.1    Vračar, L.M.2    Radmilović, V.3    Krstajić, N.V.4
  • 65
    • 34548225904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation into factors affecting the stability of carbons and carbon supported platinum and platinum/cobalt alloy catalysts during 1, 2 V potentiostatic hold regimes at a range of temperatures
    • Ball, S.C., Hudson, S.L., Thompsett, D., and Theobald, B. (2007) An investigation into factors affecting the stability of carbons and carbon supported platinum and platinum/cobalt alloy catalysts during 1.2 V potentiostatic hold regimes at a range of temperatures. J. Power Sources, 171 (1), 18-25.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.171 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-25
    • Ball, S.C.1    Hudson, S.L.2    Thompsett, D.3    Theobald, B.4
  • 67
  • 68
    • 1842474348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review PEM fuel cell electrodes
    • Litster, S. and McLean, G. (2004) Review PEM fuel cell electrodes. J. Power Sources, 130 (1-2), 61-76.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.130 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 61-76
    • Litster, S.1    McLean, G.2
  • 69
    • 34548677487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in activity and durability enhancement of Pt/C catalytic cathode in PEMFC Part I: Physico-chemical and electronic interaction between Pt and carbon support, and activity enhancement of Pt/C catalyst
    • Yu, X. and Ye, S. (2007) Recent advances in activity and durability enhancement of Pt/C catalytic cathode in PEMFC Part I: Physico-chemical and electronic interaction between Pt and carbon support, and activity enhancement of Pt/C catalyst. J. Power Sources, 172 (11), 133-144.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.172 , Issue.11 , pp. 133-144
    • Yu, X.1    Ye, S.2
  • 70
    • 0034240660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particle size and alloying effects of Pt-based alloy catalysts for fuel cell applications
    • Min, M., Cho, J., Cho, K., and Kim, H. (2000) Particle size and alloying effects of Pt-based alloy catalysts for fuel cell applications. Electrochim. Acta, 45 (25-26), 4211-4217.
    • (2000) Electrochim. Acta , vol.45 , Issue.25-26 , pp. 4211-4217
    • Min, M.1    Cho, J.2    Cho, K.3    Kim, H.4
  • 71
    • 0029310312 scopus 로고
    • Role of structural and electronic properties of Pt and Pt alloys on electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction
    • Mukerjee, S., Srinivasan, S., Soriaga, M.P., and McBreen, J. (1995) Role of structural and electronic properties of Pt and Pt alloys on electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction. J. Electrochem. Soc., 142 (5), 1409-1422.
    • (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.142 , Issue.5 , pp. 1409-1422
    • Mukerjee, S.1    Srinivasan, S.2    Soriaga, M.P.3    McBreen, J.4
  • 72
    • 28144443225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent development of non-platinum catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
    • Wang, B. (2005) Recent development of non-platinum catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. J. Power Sources, 152 (2005), 1-5.
    • (2005) J. Power Sources , vol.152 , Issue.2005 , pp. 1-5
    • Wang, B.1
  • 74
    • 0347191694 scopus 로고
    • Membrane catalyst layer for fuel cells
    • Wilson, M.S. (1993) Membrane catalyst layer for fuel cells. US Patent 5, 234, 777.
    • (1993) US Patent 5 , vol.234 , pp. 777
    • Wilson, M.S.1
  • 75
    • 0032310601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Nafion impregnation on performances of PEMFC electrodes
    • Lee, S.J., Mukerjee, S., McBreen, J., Rho, Y.W., Kho, Y.T., and Lee, T.H. (1998) Effect of Nafion impregnation on performances of PEMFC electrodes. Electrochim. Acta, 43 (24), 3693-3701.
    • (1998) Electrochim. Acta , vol.43 , Issue.24 , pp. 3693-3701
    • Lee, S.J.1    Mukerjee, S.2    McBreen, J.3    Rho, Y.W.4    Kho, Y.T.5    Lee, T.H.6
  • 76
    • 0036643915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sharp peak in the performance of sputtered platinum fuel cells at ultra-low platinum loading
    • O'Hayre, R., Lee, S.J., Cha, S.W., and Prinz, F.B. (2002) A sharp peak in the performance of sputtered platinum fuel cells at ultra-low platinum loading. J. Power Sources, 109 (2), 483-493.
    • (2002) J. Power Sources , vol.109 , Issue.2 , pp. 483-493
    • O'Hayre, R.1    Lee, S.J.2    Cha, S.W.3    Prinz, F.B.4
  • 77
    • 0033356605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrodes prepared by direct decomposition of ultrathin platinum on the membrane surface
    • Cha, S.Y. and Lee, W.M. (1999) Performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrodes prepared by direct decomposition of ultrathin platinum on the membrane surface. J. Electrochem. Soc., 146 (11), 4055-4060.
    • (1999) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.146 , Issue.11 , pp. 4055-4060
    • Cha, S.Y.1    Lee, W.M.2
  • 78
    • 0028320816 scopus 로고
    • Selective electrodeposition of catalyst within membrane-electrode structures
    • Verbrugge, M. (1994) Selective electrodeposition of catalyst within membrane-electrode structures. J. Electrochem. Soc., 141 (1), 46-53.
    • (1994) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.141 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-53
    • Verbrugge, M.1
  • 79
    • 34248141148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of membrane electrode assemblies for PEMFC, with cathodes prepared by electrospray method
    • Chaparro, A.M., Benitez, R., Gubler, L., Scherer, G.G., and Daza, L. (2007) Study of membrane electrode assemblies for PEMFC, with cathodes prepared by electrospray method. J. Power Sources, 169 (1), 77-84.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.169 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-84
    • Chaparro, A.M.1    Benitez, R.2    Gubler, L.3    Scherer, G.G.4    Daza, L.5
  • 80
    • 77957287706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High platinum utilization in ultra-low Pt loaded PEM fuel cell cathodes prepared by electrospraying
    • Martin, S., Garcia-Ybarra, P.L., and Castillo, J.L. (2010) High platinum utilization in ultra-low Pt loaded PEM fuel cell cathodes prepared by electrospraying. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 (19), 10446-10451.
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.19 , pp. 10446-10451
    • Martin, S.1    Garcia-Ybarra, P.L.2    Castillo, J.L.3
  • 81
    • 26444509802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel method for preparation of PEMFC electrodes by electrospray technique
    • Benìtez, R., Soler, J., and Daza, L. (2005) Novel method for preparation of PEMFC electrodes by electrospray technique. J. Power Sources, 151, 108-113.
    • (2005) J. Power Sources , vol.151 , pp. 108-113
    • Benìtez, R.1    Soler, J.2    Daza, L.3
  • 82
    • 73249121651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrospray deposition of catalyst layers with ultra-low Pt loadings for PEMFC cathodes
    • Martin, S., Garcia-Ybarra, P.L., and Castillo, J.L. (2010) Electrospray deposition of catalyst layers with ultra-low Pt loadings for PEMFC cathodes. J. Power Sources, 195 (9), 2443-2449.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.9 , pp. 2443-2449
    • Martin, S.1    Garcia-Ybarra, P.L.2    Castillo, J.L.3
  • 83
    • 0032207558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel process to fabricate membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • Kim, C.S., Chun, Y.G., Peck, D.H., and Shin, D.R. (1998) A novel process to fabricate membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 23 (11), 1045-1048.
    • (1998) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.23 , Issue.11 , pp. 1045-1048
    • Kim, C.S.1    Chun, Y.G.2    Peck, D.H.3    Shin, D.R.4
  • 84
    • 0033807695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon application in chemical power sources
    • Fialkov, A.S. (2000) Carbon application in chemical power sources. Russ. J. Electrochem., 36 (4), 345-366.
    • (2000) Russ. J. Electrochem. , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-366
    • Fialkov, A.S.1
  • 85
    • 64449084874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon supports for low-temperature fuel cell catalysts
    • Antolini, E. (2009) Carbon supports for low-temperature fuel cell catalysts. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 88 (1-2), 1-24.
    • (2009) Appl. Catal. B: Environ. , vol.88 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-24
    • Antolini, E.1
  • 86
    • 34548672560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in activity and durability enhancement of Pt/C catalytic cathode in PEMFC, Part II: degradation mechanism and durability enhancement of carbon supported platinum catalyst
    • Yu, X. and Ye, S. (2007) Recent advances in activity and durability enhancement of Pt/C catalytic cathode in PEMFC. Part II: degradation mechanism and durability enhancement of carbon supported platinum catalyst. J. Power Sources, 172 (1), 145-154.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.172 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-154
    • Yu, X.1    Ye, S.2
  • 87
    • 34548452437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and approaches for the durability issues of Pt-based catalysts for PEM fuel cell
    • Shao, Y., Yin, G., and Gao, Y. (2007) Understanding and approaches for the durability issues of Pt-based catalysts for PEM fuel cell. J. Power Sources, 171 (2), 558-566.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.171 , Issue.2 , pp. 558-566
    • Shao, Y.1    Yin, G.2    Gao, Y.3
  • 89
    • 0036903254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ®"
    • Stone, C. and Morrison, A.E. (2002) From curiosity to "power to change the world→". Solid State Ionics, 152-153, 1-13.
    • (2002) Solid State Ionics , vol.152-153 , pp. 1-13
    • Stone, C.1    Morrison, A.E.2
  • 90
    • 0035871040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of art of membrane development
    • Kerres, J.A. (2001) State of art of membrane development. J. Membr. Sci., 185 (1), 3-27.
    • (2001) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.185 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-27
    • Kerres, J.A.1
  • 91
    • 84885962299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DOE Guidelines (2007)Multi-year research, development and demonstration plan: planned program activities for 2005-2015 (accessed January 25)
    • DOE Guidelines (2007)Multi-year research, development and demonstration plan: planned program activities for 2005-2015. Technical Plan Fuel Cells. 3.4, pp. 1-42, http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/mypp/pdfs/fuel_cells. pdf (accessed January 25 2010).
    • (2010) Technical Plan Fuel Cells , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-42
  • 92
    • 4344610271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of deep temperature cycling on Nafion 112 membranes and membrane electrode assemblies
    • Mc Donald, R.C., Mittelsteadt, C.K., and Thompson, E.L. (2004) Effect of deep temperature cycling on Nafion 112 membranes and membrane electrode assemblies. Fuel Cells, 4 (3), 208-213.
    • (2004) Fuel Cells , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 208-213
    • Mc Donald, R.C.1    Mittelsteadt, C.K.2    Thompson, E.L.3
  • 93
    • 0034501420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton conducting polymer electrolyte membranes based on hydrocarbon polymers
    • Rikukawa, M. and Sanui, K. (2000) Proton conducting polymer electrolyte membranes based on hydrocarbon polymers. Prog. Polym. Sci., 25 (10), 1463-1502.
    • (2000) Prog. Polym. Sci. , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 1463-1502
    • Rikukawa, M.1    Sanui, K.2
  • 94
    • 21844464308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solid polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applicationsa review
    • Smitha, B., Sridhar, S., and Khan, A.A. (2005) Solid polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applicationsa review. J. Membr. Sci., 259 (1-2), 10-26.
    • (2005) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.259 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 10-26
    • Smitha, B.1    Sridhar, S.2    Khan, A.A.3
  • 96
    • 38749126196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ZrO2-SiO2/Nafion composite membrane for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells operation at high temperature and low humidity
    • Park, K.T., Jung, U.H., Choi, D.W., Chun, K., Lee, H.M., and Kim, S.H. (2008) ZrO2-SiO2/Nafion composite membrane for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells operation at high temperature and low humidity. J. Power Sources, 177 (2), 247-253.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.177 , Issue.2 , pp. 247-253
    • Park, K.T.1    Jung, U.H.2    Choi, D.W.3    Chun, K.4    Lee, H.M.5    Kim, S.H.6
  • 97
    • 25844437819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterization of Nafion-MO2 (M D Zr, Si, Ti) nanocomposite membranes for higher temperature PEM fuel cells
    • Jalani, N.H., Dunn, K., and Datta, R. (2005) Synthesis and characterization of Nafion-MO2 (M D Zr, Si, Ti) nanocomposite membranes for higher temperature PEM fuel cells. Electrochim. Acta, 51 (3), 553-560.
    • (2005) Electrochim. Acta , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 553-560
    • Jalani, N.H.1    Dunn, K.2    Datta, R.3
  • 98
    • 43249130867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Nafion-based self-humidifying membrane with ordered dispersed Pt layer
    • Yang, T. (2008) A Nafion-based self-humidifying membrane with ordered dispersed Pt layer. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 33 (10), 2530-2535.
    • (2008) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 2530-2535
    • Yang, T.1
  • 99
    • 1542288788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging membranes for electrochemical systems, Part II. High temperature composite membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) applications
    • Savadogo, O. (2004) Emerging membranes for electrochemical systems. Part II. High temperature composite membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) applications. J. Power Sources, 127 (1-2), 135-161.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.127 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 135-161
    • Savadogo, O.1
  • 101
    • 33847259270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation of Pt/Zeolite-Nafion composite membranes for self-humidifying polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • Son, D.-H., Sharma, R.K., Shul, Y.-G., and Kim, H. (2007) Preparation of Pt/Zeolite-Nafion composite membranes for self-humidifying polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 165 (2), 733-738.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.165 , Issue.2 , pp. 733-738
    • Son, D.-H.1    Sharma, R.K.2    Shul, Y.-G.3    Kim, H.4
  • 102
    • 9344249600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study on self-humidifying PEMFC using Pt-ZrP-Nafion composite membrane
    • Lee, H.-K., Kim, J.-I., Park, J.-H., and Lee, T.-H. (2004) A study on self-humidifying PEMFC using Pt-ZrP-Nafion composite membrane. Electrochim. Acta, 50 (2-3), 761-768.
    • (2004) Electrochim. Acta , vol.50 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 761-768
    • Lee, H.-K.1    Kim, J.-I.2    Park, J.-H.3    Lee, T.-H.4
  • 103
    • 34247621740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of self-humidifying membranes based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) hybrid with sulfated zirconia supported Pt catalyst for fuel cell applications
    • Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Zhai, Y., Zhu, X., and Bi, C. (2007) Investigation of self-humidifying membranes based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) hybrid with sulfated zirconia supported Pt catalyst for fuel cell applications. J. Power Sources, 168 (2), 323-329.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.168 , Issue.2 , pp. 323-329
    • Zhang, Y.1    Zhang, H.2    Zhai, Y.3    Zhu, X.4    Bi, C.5
  • 104
    • 0033358645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterization of novel acid-base polymer blends for application in membrane fuel cells
    • Kerrese, J., Ullrich, A., Meier, F., and H?ring, T. (1999) Synthesis and characterization of novel acid-base polymer blends for application in membrane fuel cells. Solid State Ionics, 125 (1-4), 243-249.
    • (1999) Solid State Ionics , vol.125 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 243-249
    • Kerrese, J.1    Ullrich, A.2    Meier, F.3    Häring, T.4
  • 105
    • 34248594147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel H3PO4/Nafion-PBI composite membrane for enhances durability of high temperature PEM fuel cells
    • Zhai, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., and Xing, D. (2007) A novel H3PO4/Nafion-PBI composite membrane for enhances durability of high temperature PEM fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 169 (2), 259-264.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.169 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-264
    • Zhai, Y.1    Zhang, H.2    Zhang, Y.3    Xing, D.4
  • 106
    • 33947508335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research progress of aluminium alloy endplates for PEMFC
    • Fu, Y., Hou, M., Yan, X., Hou, J., Luo, X., Shao, Z., and Yi, B. (2007) Research progress of aluminium alloy endplates for PEMFC. J. Power Sources, 166 (2), 435-440.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.166 , Issue.2 , pp. 435-440
    • Fu, Y.1    Hou, M.2    Yan, X.3    Hou, J.4    Luo, X.5    Shao, Z.6    Yi, B.7
  • 107
    • 0032657786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell current collectors
    • Hentall, P.L., Lakeman, J.B., Mepsted, G.O., Adcock, P.L., and Moore, J.M. (1999) New materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell current collectors. J. Power Sources, 80 (1-2), 235-241.
    • (1999) J. Power Sources , vol.80 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 235-241
    • Hentall, P.L.1    Lakeman, J.B.2    Mepsted, G.O.3    Adcock, P.L.4    Moore, J.M.5
  • 108
    • 1842767183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Materials and design development for bipolar/end plates in fuel cells
    • Kumar, A. and Reddy, R.G. (2004) Materials and design development for bipolar/end plates in fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 129 (1), 62-67.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.129 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-67
    • Kumar, A.1    Reddy, R.G.2
  • 109
    • 13444283580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of bipolar plates in PEM fuel cells: flow-field designs
    • Li, X. and Sabir, I. (2005) Review of bipolar plates in PEM fuel cells: flow-field designs. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 30 (4), 359-371.
    • (2005) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 359-371
    • Li, X.1    Sabir, I.2
  • 110
    • 33751034861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of economical bipolar plates for fuel cells
    • Cunningham, B. and Baird, D.G. (2006) The development of economical bipolar plates for fuel cells. J. Mater. Chem., 16 (45), 4385-4388.
    • (2006) J. Mater. Chem. , vol.16 , Issue.45 , pp. 4385-4388
    • Cunningham, B.1    Baird, D.G.2
  • 111
    • 22644441775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells: a review
    • Hermann, A., Chaudhuri, T., and Spagnol, P. (2005) Bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells: a review. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 30 (12), 1297-1302.
    • (2005) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.30 , Issue.12 , pp. 1297-1302
    • Hermann, A.1    Chaudhuri, T.2    Spagnol, P.3
  • 112
    • 33845664015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal bipolar plates for PEM fuel cell A review
    • Tawfik, H., Hung, Y., and Mahajan, D. (2007) Metal bipolar plates for PEM fuel cell A review. J. Power Sources, 163 (2), 755-767.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.163 , Issue.2 , pp. 755-767
    • Tawfik, H.1    Hung, Y.2    Mahajan, D.3
  • 113
    • 64249093298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the membrane and bipolar plates materials for conventional and unitized regenerative fuel cells
    • Dihrab, S.S., Sopian, K., Alghoul, M.A., and Sulaiman, M.Y. (2009) Review of the membrane and bipolar plates materials for conventional and unitized regenerative fuel cells. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 13 (6-7), 1663-1668.
    • (2009) Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , vol.13 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 1663-1668
    • Dihrab, S.S.1    Sopian, K.2    Alghoul, M.A.3    Sulaiman, M.Y.4
  • 114
    • 0037139165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metallic bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells
    • Wind, J., Späh, R., Kaiser, W., and Böhm, G. (2002) Metallic bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 105 (2), 256-260.
    • (2002) J. Power Sources , vol.105 , Issue.2 , pp. 256-260
    • Wind, J.1    Späh, R.2    Kaiser, W.3    Böhm, G.4
  • 115
    • 33846265009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced contact resistance of PEM fuel cell's bipolar plates via surface texturing
    • Kraytsberg, A., Auinat, M., and Ein-Eli, Y. (2007) Reduced contact resistance of PEM fuel cell's bipolar plates via surface texturing. J. Power Sources, 164 (2), 697-703.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.164 , Issue.2 , pp. 697-703
    • Kraytsberg, A.1    Auinat, M.2    Ein-Eli, Y.3
  • 116
    • 59649124183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of surface roughness of composite bipolar plates on the contact resistance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
    • Avasarala, B. and Haldar, P. (2009) Effect of surface roughness of composite bipolar plates on the contact resistance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J. Power Sources, 188 (1), 225-229.
    • (2009) J. Power Sources , vol.188 , Issue.1 , pp. 225-229
    • Avasarala, B.1    Haldar, P.2
  • 117
    • 33744783173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymeric composite bipolar plates for vehicle applications
    • Blunk, R., Elhamid, M.H.A., Lisi, D., and Mikhail, Y. (2006) Polymeric composite bipolar plates for vehicle applications. J. Power Sources, 156 (2), 151-157.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.156 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-157
    • Blunk, R.1    Elhamid, M.H.A.2    Lisi, D.3    Mikhail, Y.4
  • 118
    • 77950299440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corrosion of metal bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells: a review
    • Antunes, R.A., Oliveira, M.C.L., Ett, G., and Ett, V. (2010) Corrosion of metal bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells: a review. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 (8), 3632-3647.
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.8 , pp. 3632-3647
    • Antunes, R.A.1    Oliveira, M.C.L.2    Ett, G.3    Ett, V.4
  • 119
    • 77950299948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corrosion resistance of stainless steel bipolar plates in a PEFC environment: A comprehensive study
    • André, J., Antoni, L., and Petit, J.-P. (2010) Corrosion resistance of stainless steel bipolar plates in a PEFC environment: A comprehensive study. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 (8), 3684-3697.
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.8 , pp. 3684-3697
    • André, J.1    Antoni, L.2    Petit, J.-P.3
  • 120
    • 45449114185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ag-polytetrafluoroethylene composite coating on stainless steel as bipolar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
    • Fu, Y., Hou, M., Xu, H., Hou, Z., Ming, P., Shao, Z., and Yi, B. (2008) Ag-polytetrafluoroethylene composite coating on stainless steel as bipolar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J. Power Sources, 182 (2), 580-584.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.182 , Issue.2 , pp. 580-584
    • Fu, Y.1    Hou, M.2    Xu, H.3    Hou, Z.4    Ming, P.5    Shao, Z.6    Yi, B.7
  • 121
    • 36049011962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrically conductive amorphous carbon coating on metal bipolar plates for PEFC
    • Show, Y. (2007) Electrically conductive amorphous carbon coating on metal bipolar plates for PEFC. Surf. Coat. Technol., 202 (4-7), 1252-1255.
    • (2007) Surf. Coat. Technol. , vol.202 , Issue.4-7 , pp. 1252-1255
    • Show, Y.1
  • 122
    • 33750108123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of the gold-plated titanium bipolar plates for the light weight PEM fuel cells
    • Wang, S.-H., Peng, J., Lui, W.-B., and Zhang, J.-S. (2006) Performance of the gold-plated titanium bipolar plates for the light weight PEM fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 162 (1), 486-491.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.162 , Issue.1 , pp. 486-491
    • Wang, S.-H.1    Peng, J.2    Lui, W.-B.3    Zhang, J.-S.4
  • 123
    • 33846827197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation into TiN-coated 316L stainless steel as a bipolar plate material for PEM fuel cells
    • Wang, Y. and Northwood, D.O. (2007) An investigation into TiN-coated 316L stainless steel as a bipolar plate material for PEM fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 165 (1), 293-298.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.165 , Issue.1 , pp. 293-298
    • Wang, Y.1    Northwood, D.O.2
  • 124
    • 36048969791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corrosion and electrical properties of multi-layered coatings on stainless steel for PEMFC bipolar plate applications
    • Ho, W.-Y., Pan, H.-J., Chang, C.-L., Wang, D.-Y., and Hwang, J.J. (2007) Corrosion and electrical properties of multi-layered coatings on stainless steel for PEMFC bipolar plate applications. Surf. Coat. Technol., 202 (4-7), 1297-1301.
    • (2007) Surf. Coat. Technol. , vol.202 , Issue.4-7 , pp. 1297-1301
    • Ho, W.-Y.1    Pan, H.-J.2    Chang, C.-L.3    Wang, D.-Y.4    Hwang, J.J.5
  • 125
    • 39149111934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process modification for coating SnO2:F on stainless steels for PEM fuel cell bipolar plates
    • Wang, H., Turner, J.A., Li, X., and Teeter, G. (2008) Process modification for coating SnO2:F on stainless steels for PEM fuel cell bipolar plates. J. Power Sources, 1 78 (1), 238-247.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 238-247
    • Wang, H.1    Turner, J.A.2    Li, X.3    Teeter, G.4
  • 126
    • 62649162759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Titanium, chromium) nitride coatings for bipolar plate of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
    • Choi, H.S., Han, D.H., Hong, W.H., and Lee, J.J. (2009) (Titanium, chromium) nitride coatings for bipolar plate of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. J. Power Sources, 189 (2), 966-971.
    • (2009) J. Power Sources , vol.189 , Issue.2 , pp. 966-971
    • Choi, H.S.1    Han, D.H.2    Hong, W.H.3    Lee, J.J.4
  • 127
    • 2342468213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injection moulded low cost bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells
    • Heinzel, A., Mahlendorf, F., Niemzig, O., and Kreuz, C. (2004) Injection moulded low cost bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 131 (1-2), 35-40.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.131 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 35-40
    • Heinzel, A.1    Mahlendorf, F.2    Niemzig, O.3    Kreuz, C.4
  • 128
    • 0037573021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of flow-field in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells using computational fluid dynamics technique
    • Hontañón, E., Escudero, M.J., Bautista, C., García-Ybarra, P.L., and Daza, L. (2001) Optimization of flow-field in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells using computational fluid dynamics technique. J. Power Sources, 86 (1-2), 363-368.
    • (2001) J. Power Sources , vol.86 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 363-368
    • Hontañón, E.1    Escudero, M.J.2    Bautista, C.3    García-Ybarra, P.L.4    Daza, L.5
  • 129
    • 0037465555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with metal foam in the flow-field of the bipolar/end plates
    • Kumar, A. and Reddy, R.G. (2003) Modeling of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with metal foam in the flow-field of the bipolar/end plates. J. Power Sources, 114 (1), 54-62.
    • (2003) J. Power Sources , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-62
    • Kumar, A.1    Reddy, R.G.2
  • 130
    • 0037216280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of channel dimensions and shape in the flow-field distributor on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
    • Kumar, A. and Reddy, R.G. (2003) Effect of channel dimensions and shape in the flow-field distributor on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 113 (1), 11-18.
    • (2003) J. Power Sources , vol.113 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-18
    • Kumar, A.1    Reddy, R.G.2
  • 132
    • 0001586038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DMFCs: from fundamental aspects to technology development
    • Arico, A.S., Srinivasan, S., and Antonucci, V. (2001) DMFCs: from fundamental aspects to technology development. Fuel Cells, 1 (1), 133-161.
    • (2001) Fuel Cells , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 133-161
    • Arico, A.S.1    Srinivasan, S.2    Antonucci, V.3
  • 133
    • 0942294506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mathematical modeling and simulation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cellsm, Part I: model structures and solving an isothermal one-cell model
    • Hertwig, K., Martens, L., and Harwoth, R. (2002) Mathematical modeling and simulation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Part I: model structures and solving an isothermal one-cell model. Fuel Cells, 2 (2), 61-77.
    • (2002) Fuel Cells , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 61-77
    • Hertwig, K.1    Martens, L.2    Harwoth, R.3
  • 134
    • 2342632724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of fractal flow fields in portable proton exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel cells
    • Tber, K., Oedegaard, A., Hermann, M., and Hebling, C. (2004) Investigation of fractal flow fields in portable proton exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 131 (1-2), 175-181.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.131 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 175-181
    • Tber, K.1    Oedegaard, A.2    Hermann, M.3    Hebling, C.4
  • 135
    • 5644276380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of non-reacting gases to the anode flow field of DMFCs leading to improved performance
    • Yang, H., Zhao, T.S., and Ye, Q. (2004) Addition of non-reacting gases to the anode flow field of DMFCs leading to improved performance. Electrochem. Commun., 6 (11), 1098-1103.
    • (2004) Electrochem. Commun. , vol.6 , Issue.11 , pp. 1098-1103
    • Yang, H.1    Zhao, T.S.2    Ye, Q.3
  • 136
    • 33750943180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of bifunctional electrocatalyst for PEM unitized regenerative fuel cell
    • Yoon, Y.G., Lee, W.Y., Park, G.G., Yang, T.H., and Kim, C.S. (2004) Optimization of bifunctional electrocatalyst for PEM unitized regenerative fuel cell. Electrochim. Acta, 50 (2-3), 705-708.
    • (2004) Electrochim. Acta , vol.50 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 705-708
    • Yoon, Y.G.1    Lee, W.Y.2    Park, G.G.3    Yang, T.H.4    Kim, C.S.5
  • 137
    • 2942689447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The scaling behavior of flow patterns: a model investigation
    • Cha, S.W., O'Hayre, R., Saito, Y., and Prinz, F.B. (2004) The scaling behavior of flow patterns: a model investigation. J. Power Sources, 134 (1), 57-71.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.134 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-71
    • Cha, S.W.1    O'Hayre, R.2    Saito, Y.3    Prinz, F.B.4
  • 138
    • 40849102401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid dynamics performance of different bipolar plates Part II, Flow through the diffusion layer
    • Lozano, A., Valino, L., Barreras, F., and Mustata, R. (2008) Fluid dynamics performance of different bipolar plates Part II. Flow through the diffusion layer. J. Power Sources, 179 (2), 711-722.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.179 , Issue.2 , pp. 711-722
    • Lozano, A.1    Valino, L.2    Barreras, F.3    Mustata, R.4
  • 139
    • 65949123588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of water management between two bipolar plate flow-field geometries in proton exchange membrane fuel cells at low-density current range
    • López, A.M., Barreras, F., Lozano, A., García, J.A., Valiño, L., and Mustata, R. (2009) Comparison of water management between two bipolar plate flow-field geometries in proton exchange membrane fuel cells at low-density current range. J. Power Sources, 192 (1), 94-99.
    • (2009) J. Power Sources , vol.192 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-99
    • López, A.M.1    Barreras, F.2    Lozano, A.3    García, J.A.4    Valiño, L.5    Mustata, R.6
  • 140
    • 70349510276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical investigation of water droplet dynamics in a low-temperature fuel cell microchannel: effect of channel geometry
    • Zhu, X., Liao, Q., Sui, P.C., and Djilali, N. (2010) Numerical investigation of water droplet dynamics in a low-temperature fuel cell microchannel: effect of channel geometry. J. Power Sources, 195 (3), 801-812.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.3 , pp. 801-812
    • Zhu, X.1    Liao, Q.2    Sui, P.C.3    Djilali, N.4
  • 141
    • 36549041380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of operating parameters on the hydro-thermal stresses in proton exchange membranes of fuel cells
    • Al-Baghdadi, M.A.R.S. and Al-Janabi, H.A.K.S. (2007) Effect of operating parameters on the hydro-thermal stresses in proton exchange membranes of fuel cells. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 32 (17), 4510-4522.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.32 , Issue.17 , pp. 4510-4522
    • Al-Baghdadi, M.A.R.S.1    Al-Janabi, H.A.K.S.2
  • 143
    • 0041472282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical reacting transport phenomena in a PEM fuel cell
    • Jen, T.C., Tan, T., and Chan, S.H. (2003) Chemical reacting transport phenomena in a PEM fuel cell. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 46 (22), 4157-4168.
    • (2003) Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer , vol.46 , Issue.22 , pp. 4157-4168
    • Jen, T.C.1    Tan, T.2    Chan, S.H.3
  • 144
    • 3142696247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer electrolyte fuel cells with porous materials as fluid distributor and comparisons with traditional channeled systems
    • Senn, S.M. and Poulikakos, D. (2004) Polymer electrolyte fuel cells with porous materials as fluid distributor and comparisons with traditional channeled systems. ASME J. Heat Transfer, 126 (3), 410-418.
    • (2004) ASME J. Heat Transfer , vol.126 , Issue.3 , pp. 410-418
    • Senn, S.M.1    Poulikakos, D.2
  • 145
    • 0346332978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional analysis of transport and electrochemical reactions in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • Um, S. and Wang, C.Y. (2004) Three-dimensional analysis of transport and electrochemical reactions in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 125 (2), 40-51.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.125 , Issue.2 , pp. 40-51
    • Um, S.1    Wang, C.Y.2
  • 146
    • 4344591883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional numerical analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with conventional and interdigitated flow fields
    • Hu, G., Fan, J., Chen, S., Liu, Y., and Cen, K. (2004) Three-dimensional numerical analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with conventional and interdigitated flow fields. J. Power Sources, 136 (1), 1-9.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.136 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Hu, G.1    Fan, J.2    Chen, S.3    Liu, Y.4    Cen, K.5
  • 147
    • 36749030661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid dynamics performance of different bipolar plates, part I. velocity and pressure fields
    • Barreras, F., Lozano, A., Valino, L., Mustata, R., and Martin, C. (2008) Fluid dynamics performance of different bipolar plates, part I. velocity and pressure fields. J. Power Sources, 175 (2), 841-850.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.175 , Issue.2 , pp. 841-850
    • Barreras, F.1    Lozano, A.2    Valino, L.3    Mustata, R.4    Martin, C.5
  • 149
    • 8744287390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling and analysis of fuel cell reactant flow for automotive applications
    • Pukrushpan, J.T., Peng, H., and Stefanopoulou, A.G. (2004) Modeling and analysis of fuel cell reactant flow for automotive applications. J. Dyn. Syst., Meas. Control, 126 (1), 14-25.
    • (2004) J. Dyn. Syst., Meas. Control , vol.126 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-25
    • Pukrushpan, J.T.1    Peng, H.2    Stefanopoulou, A.G.3
  • 150
    • 77957374046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of nonlinear control schemes for an automotive traction PEM fuel cell system
    • Al-Durra, A., Yurkovich, S., and Guezennec, Y. (2010) Study of nonlinear control schemes for an automotive traction PEM fuel cell system. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 (20), 11291-11307.
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.20 , pp. 11291-11307
    • Al-Durra, A.1    Yurkovich, S.2    Guezennec, Y.3
  • 151
    • 67649622943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell layer level generalized dynamic modeling of a PEMFC stack using VHDL-AMS language
    • Gao, F., Blunier, B., Miraoui, A., and El-Moudni, A. (2009) Cell layer level generalized dynamic modeling of a PEMFC stack using VHDL-AMS language. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34 (13), 5498-5521.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.34 , Issue.13 , pp. 5498-5521
    • Gao, F.1    Blunier, B.2    Miraoui, A.3    El-Moudni, A.4
  • 153
    • 0037214098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling static and dynamic behavior of proton exchange membrane fuel cells on the basis of electrochemical description
    • Ceraolo, M., Miulli, C., and Pozio, A. (2003) Modelling static and dynamic behavior of proton exchange membrane fuel cells on the basis of electrochemical description. J. Power Sources, 113 (1), 131-144.
    • (2003) J. Power Sources , vol.113 , Issue.1 , pp. 131-144
    • Ceraolo, M.1    Miulli, C.2    Pozio, A.3
  • 154
    • 70350437786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling and identification of a PEM fuel cell humidification system
    • Deng, X., Liu, G., Wang, G., and Tan, M. (2009) Modeling and identification of a PEM fuel cell humidification system. J. Control Theory Appl., 7 (4), 373-378.
    • (2009) J. Control Theory Appl. , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 373-378
    • Deng, X.1    Liu, G.2    Wang, G.3    Tan, M.4
  • 155
    • 0032678092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative studies of polymer membrane fuel cell stack and single cell
    • Chu, D. and Jiang, R. (1999) Comparative studies of polymer membrane fuel cell stack and single cell. J. Power Sources, 80 (1-2), 226-234.
    • (1999) J. Power Sources , vol.80 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 226-234
    • Chu, D.1    Jiang, R.2
  • 157
    • 71249163184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton exchange membrane fuel cell degradation under close to open-circuit conditions Part I: in situ diagnosis
    • Wu, J., Yuan, X.-Z., Martin, J.J., Wang, H., Yang, D., Qiao, J., and Ma, J. (2010) Proton exchange membrane fuel cell degradation under close to open-circuit conditions Part I: in situ diagnosis. J. Power Sources, 195 (4), 1171-1176.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.4 , pp. 1171-1176
    • Wu, J.1    Yuan, X.-Z.2    Martin, J.J.3    Wang, H.4    Yang, D.5    Qiao, J.6    Ma, J.7
  • 158
    • 84885980263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 8 Fuel Cell Diagnostics
    • Elsevier Academic Press, New York
    • Barbir, F. (2005), Chapter 8 Fuel Cell Diagnostics in PEM Fuel Cells: Theory and Practice, Elsevier Academic Press, New York, pp. 249-270.
    • (2005) PEM Fuel Cells: Theory and Practice , pp. 249-270
    • Barbir, F.1
  • 159
    • 37549060725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in fuel cell technology at Ballard
    • Stumper, J. and Stone, C. (2008) Recent advances in fuel cell technology at Ballard. J. Power Sources, 176 (2), 468-476.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.176 , Issue.2 , pp. 468-476
    • Stumper, J.1    Stone, C.2
  • 160
    • 77956871167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack testing
    • Miller, M. and Bazylak, A. (2010) A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack testing. J. Power Sources, 196 (2), 601-613.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.196 , Issue.2 , pp. 601-613
    • Miller, M.1    Bazylak, A.2
  • 161
    • 33747790186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation behavior of membrane-electrode-assembly materials in 10-cell PEMFC stack
    • Luo, Z., Li, D., Tang, H., Pan, M., and Ruan, R. (2006) Degradation behavior of membrane-electrode-assembly materials in 10-cell PEMFC stack. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 31 (13), 1831-1837.
    • (2006) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.31 , Issue.13 , pp. 1831-1837
    • Luo, Z.1    Li, D.2    Tang, H.3    Pan, M.4    Ruan, R.5
  • 162
    • 79955062392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developments of new test instruments and protocols for the diagnostic of fuel cell stacks
    • Wasterlain, S., Candusso, D., Harel, F., Hissel, D., and Xavier, F. (2011) Developments of new test instruments and protocols for the diagnostic of fuel cell stacks. J. Power Sources, 196 (12), 5325-5333.
    • (2011) J. Power Sources , vol.196 , Issue.12 , pp. 5325-5333
    • Wasterlain, S.1    Candusso, D.2    Harel, F.3    Hissel, D.4    Xavier, F.5
  • 164
    • 0023310312 scopus 로고
    • Current interruption: instrumentation and application
    • Wruck, W.J., Mochado, R.M., and Chapman, T. (1987) Current interruption: instrumentation and application. J. Electrochem. Soc., 134 (3), 539-546.
    • (1987) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.134 , Issue.3 , pp. 539-546
    • Wruck, W.J.1    Mochado, R.M.2    Chapman, T.3
  • 165
    • 0037167968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements of ohmic voltage losses in individual cells of a PEMFC stack
    • Mennola, T., Mikkola, M., and Noponen, M. (2002) Measurements of ohmic voltage losses in individual cells of a PEMFC stack. J. Power Sources, 112 (1), 261-272.
    • (2002) J. Power Sources , vol.112 , Issue.1 , pp. 261-272
    • Mennola, T.1    Mikkola, M.2    Noponen, M.3
  • 166
    • 0842268422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of PEMFCs by AC impedance, current interrupt, and dew points measurements
    • Abe, T., Shima, H., Watanabe, K., and Ito, Y. (2004) Study of PEMFCs by AC impedance, current interrupt, and dew points measurements. J. Electrochem. Soc., 151 (1), A101-A105.
    • (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.151 , Issue.1
    • Abe, T.1    Shima, H.2    Watanabe, K.3    Ito, Y.4
  • 167
    • 33750941554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AC impedance diagnosis of a 500W PEM fuel cell stack: part II: individual cell impedance
    • Yuan, X.Z., Sun, J.C., Wang, H., and Zhang, J. (2006) AC impedance diagnosis of a 500W PEM fuel cell stack: part II: individual cell impedance. J. Power Sources, 161 (2), 929-937.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.161 , Issue.2 , pp. 929-937
    • Yuan, X.Z.1    Sun, J.C.2    Wang, H.3    Zhang, J.4
  • 168
    • 36549023361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AC impedance technique in PEM fuel cell diagnosis- A review
    • Yuan, X., Wang, H., Sun, J.C., and Zhang, J. (2007) AC impedance technique in PEM fuel cell diagnosis- A review. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 32 (17), 4365-4380.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.32 , Issue.17 , pp. 4365-4380
    • Yuan, X.1    Wang, H.2    Sun, J.C.3    Zhang, J.4
  • 169
    • 46749085816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review on PEM voltage degradation associated with water management: impacts, influent factors and characterization
    • Yousfi-Steiner, N., Mocotéguy, P., Candusso, D., Hissel, D., Hernandez, A., and Aslanides, A. (2008) A review on PEM voltage degradation associated with water management: impacts, influent factors and characterization. J. Power Sources, 183 (1), 260-274.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.183 , Issue.1 , pp. 260-274
    • Yousfi-Steiner, N.1    Mocotéguy, P.2    Candusso, D.3    Hissel, D.4    Hernandez, A.5    Aslanides, A.6
  • 170
    • 33645677018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of membrane drying, fuel cell flooding, and anode catalyst poisoning on PEMFC stacks by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
    • Le Canut, J.M., Abouatallah, R., and Harrington, D. (2006) Detection of membrane drying, fuel cell flooding, and anode catalyst poisoning on PEMFC stacks by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J. Electrochem. Soc., 153 (5), A857-A864.
    • (2006) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.153 , Issue.5
    • Le Canut, J.M.1    Abouatallah, R.2    Harrington, D.3
  • 171
    • 3543061115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Nafion dehydration in PEM fuel cells
    • Ciureanu, M. (2004) Effect of Nafion dehydration in PEM fuel cells. J. Appl. Electrochem., 34 (7), 705-714.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Electrochem. , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 705-714
    • Ciureanu, M.1
  • 172
    • 36549008090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AC impedance characteristics of a 2 kW PEM fuel cell stack under different operating conditions and load changes
    • Yan, X., Hou, M., Sun, L., Liang, D., Shen, Q., Xu, H., Ming, P., and Yi, B. (2007) AC impedance characteristics of a 2 kW PEM fuel cell stack under different operating conditions and load changes. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 32 (17), 4358-4364.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.32 , Issue.17 , pp. 4358-4364
    • Yan, X.1    Hou, M.2    Sun, L.3    Liang, D.4    Shen, Q.5    Xu, H.6    Ming, P.7    Yi, B.8
  • 173
    • 0032318819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelist interpretation of the impedance response of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell
    • Paganin, V.A., Oliveira, C.L.F., Ticianelli, E.A., Springer, T.E., and Gonzaler, E.R. (1998) Modelist interpretation of the impedance response of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Electrochim. Acta, 43 (24), 3761-3766.
    • (1998) Electrochim. Acta , vol.43 , Issue.24 , pp. 3761-3766
    • Paganin, V.A.1    Oliveira, C.L.F.2    Ticianelli, E.A.3    Springer, T.E.4    Gonzaler, E.R.5
  • 174
    • 0035251034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal composition of polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes determined by the AC impedance method
    • Song, J.M., Cha, S.Y., and Lee, W.M. (2001) Optimal composition of polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes determined by the AC impedance method. J. Power Sources, 94 (1), 78-84.
    • (2001) J. Power Sources , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 78-84
    • Song, J.M.1    Cha, S.Y.2    Lee, W.M.3
  • 175
    • 0033072596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of Nafion loading in the catalyst layer of gas-diffusion electrodes for PEFC
    • Antolini, E., Giorgi, L., Pozio, A., and Passalacqua, E. (1999) Influence of Nafion loading in the catalyst layer of gas-diffusion electrodes for PEFC. J. Power Sources, 77 (2), 136-142.
    • (1999) J. Power Sources , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-142
    • Antolini, E.1    Giorgi, L.2    Pozio, A.3    Passalacqua, E.4
  • 177
    • 0035303648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the diffusion layer characteristics on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes
    • Passalacqua, E., Squadrito, G., Lufrano, F., Patti, A., and Giorgi, L. (2001) Effects of the diffusion layer characteristics on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes. J. Appl. Electrochem., 31 (4), 449-454.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Electrochem. , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 449-454
    • Passalacqua, E.1    Squadrito, G.2    Lufrano, F.3    Patti, A.4    Giorgi, L.5
  • 178
    • 33750007305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Durability study of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under dynamic testing conditions with cyclic current profile
    • Liu, D. and Case, S. (2006) Durability study of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under dynamic testing conditions with cyclic current profile. J. Power Sources, 162 (1), 521-531.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.162 , Issue.1 , pp. 521-531
    • Liu, D.1    Case, S.2
  • 179
    • 33750093907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of catalyst properties on membrane degradation rate and the underlying degradation mechanism in PEMFCs
    • Mittal, V.O., Kunz, H.R., and Fenton, J.M. (2006) Effect of catalyst properties on membrane degradation rate and the underlying degradation mechanism in PEMFCs. J. Electrochem. Soc., 153 (9), A1755-A1759.
    • (2006) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.153 , Issue.9
    • Mittal, V.O.1    Kunz, H.R.2    Fenton, J.M.3
  • 180
    • 36749018640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microstructure changes in the catalyst layers of PEM fuel cells induced by load cycling: part understanding
    • Rong, F., Huang, C., Liu, Z.-S., Song, D., Wang, Q., and Simulation, I.I. (2008) Microstructure changes in the catalyst layers of PEM fuel cells induced by load cycling: part understanding. J. Power Sources, 175 (2), 712-723.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.175 , Issue.2 , pp. 712-723
    • Rong, F.1    Huang, C.2    Liu, Z.-S.3    Song, D.4    Wang, Q.5    Simulation, I.I.6
  • 181
    • 77953138970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface oxidation of carbon supports due to potential cycling under PEM fuel cell conditions
    • Avasarala, B., Moore, R., and Haldar, P. (2010) Surface oxidation of carbon supports due to potential cycling under PEM fuel cell conditions. Electrochim. Acta, 55 (16), 4765-4771.
    • (2010) Electrochim. Acta , vol.55 , Issue.16 , pp. 4765-4771
    • Avasarala, B.1    Moore, R.2    Haldar, P.3
  • 182
    • 0036535353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporation of voltage degradation into a generalised steady state electrochemical model for a PEM fuel cell
    • Fowler, M.W., Mann, R.F., Amphlett, J.C., Peppley, B.A., and Roberge, P.R. (2002) Incorporation of voltage degradation into a generalised steady state electrochemical model for a PEM fuel cell. J. Power Sources, 106 (1-2), 274-283.
    • (2002) J. Power Sources , vol.106 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 274-283
    • Fowler, M.W.1    Mann, R.F.2    Amphlett, J.C.3    Peppley, B.A.4    Roberge, P.R.5
  • 183
    • 60649106939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of dynamic driving cycle effect on performance degradation and micro-structure change of PEM fuel cell
    • Lin, R., Li, B., Hou, Y.P., and Ma, J.M. (2009) Investigation of dynamic driving cycle effect on performance degradation and micro-structure change of PEM fuel cell. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34 (5), 2369-2376.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 2369-2376
    • Lin, R.1    Li, B.2    Hou, Y.P.3    Ma, J.M.4
  • 184
    • 79551488440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of MEA degradation in PEM fuel cell by on/off cyclic operation under different humid conditions
    • Seo, D., Lee, J., Park, S., Rhee, J., Choi, S.W., and Shul, Y.-G. (2011) Investigation of MEA degradation in PEM fuel cell by on/off cyclic operation under different humid conditions. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36 (2), 1828-1836.
    • (2011) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 1828-1836
    • Seo, D.1    Lee, J.2    Park, S.3    Rhee, J.4    Choi, S.W.5    Shul, Y.-G.6
  • 185
    • 58349085707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of humidity and oxygen partial pressure on degradation of Pt/C catalyst in PEM fuel cell
    • Bi, W., Sun, Q., Deng, Y., and Fuller, T.F. (2009) The effect of humidity and oxygen partial pressure on degradation of Pt/C catalyst in PEM fuel cell. Electrochim. Acta, 54 (6), 1826-1833.
    • (2009) Electrochim. Acta , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 1826-1833
    • Bi, W.1    Sun, Q.2    Deng, Y.3    Fuller, T.F.4
  • 186
    • 65049083767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of load, temperature and humidity on the pH of the water drained out from H2/air polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
    • Abdullah, A.M., Mohammad, A.M., Okajima, T., Kitamura, F., and Ohsaka, T. (2009) Effect of load, temperature and humidity on the pH of the water drained out from H2/air polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 190 (2), 264-270.
    • (2009) J. Power Sources , vol.190 , Issue.2 , pp. 264-270
    • Abdullah, A.M.1    Mohammad, A.M.2    Okajima, T.3    Kitamura, F.4    Ohsaka, T.5
  • 188
    • 0035870914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionomeric membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC): sulfonated polysulfone associated with phosphatoantimonic acid
    • Genova-Dimitrova, P., Baradie, B., Foscallo, D., Poinsignon, C., and Sanchez, J.Y. (2001) Ionomeric membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC): sulfonated polysulfone associated with phosphatoantimonic acid. J. Membr. Sci., 185 (1), 59-71.
    • (2001) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.185 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-71
    • Genova-Dimitrova, P.1    Baradie, B.2    Foscallo, D.3    Poinsignon, C.4    Sanchez, J.Y.5
  • 189
    • 33750002473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of PEMFC freeze degradation at -20°C after gas purging
    • Hou, J., Yu, H., Zhang, S., Sun, S., Wang, H., Yi, B., and Ming, P. (2006) Analysis of PEMFC freeze degradation at -20°C after gas purging. J. Power Sources, 162 (1), 513-520.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.162 , Issue.1 , pp. 513-520
    • Hou, J.1    Yu, H.2    Zhang, S.3    Sun, S.4    Wang, H.5    Yi, B.6    Ming, P.7
  • 190
    • 44649111826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation effects in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stacks by sub-zero operation An in situ and ex situ analysis
    • Alink, R., Gerteisen, D., and Oszcipok, M. (2008) Degradation effects in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stacks by sub-zero operation An in situ and ex situ analysis. J. Power Sources, 182 (1), 175-187.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.182 , Issue.1 , pp. 175-187
    • Alink, R.1    Gerteisen, D.2    Oszcipok, M.3
  • 191
    • 79957597038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on Nafion(R) 112 single PEM-FCs exposed to freezing conditions
    • Gavello, G., Zeng, J., Francia, C., Icardi, U.A., Graizzaro, A., and Specchia, S. (2011) Experimental studies on Nafion(R) 112 single PEM-FCs exposed to freezing conditions. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36 (13), 8070-8081.
    • (2011) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.36 , Issue.13 , pp. 8070-8081
    • Gavello, G.1    Zeng, J.2    Francia, C.3    Icardi, U.A.4    Graizzaro, A.5    Specchia, S.6
  • 192
    • 77951023854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation behaviors of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell under freeze/thaw cycles
    • Luo, M., Huang, C., Liu, W., Luo, Z., and Pan, M. (2010) Degradation behaviors of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell under freeze/thaw cycles. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 (7), 2986-2993.
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.7 , pp. 2986-2993
    • Luo, M.1    Huang, C.2    Liu, W.3    Luo, Z.4    Pan, M.5
  • 193
    • 1842421874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of electrocatalyst degradation in PEMFC caused by cell reversal during fuel starvation
    • Taniguchi, A., Akita, T., Yasuda, K., and Miyazaki, Y. (2004) Analysis of electrocatalyst degradation in PEMFC caused by cell reversal during fuel starvation. J. Power Sources, 130 (1-2), 42-49.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.130 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 42-49
    • Taniguchi, A.1    Akita, T.2    Yasuda, K.3    Miyazaki, Y.4
  • 194
    • 77950301277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated test analysis of reversal potential caused by fuel starvation during PEMFCs operation
    • Kang, J., Jung, D.W., Park, S., Lee, J.-H., Ko, J., and Kim, J. (2010) Accelerated test analysis of reversal potential caused by fuel starvation during PEMFCs operation. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 (8), 3727-3735.
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.8 , pp. 3727-3735
    • Kang, J.1    Jung, D.W.2    Park, S.3    Lee, J.-H.4    Ko, J.5    Kim, J.6
  • 196
    • 42749097014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of degradation in PEMFC caused by cell reversal during air starvation
    • Taniguchi, A., Akita, T., Yasuda, K., and Miyazaki, Y. (2008) Analysis of degradation in PEMFC caused by cell reversal during air starvation. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 33 (9), 2323-2329.
    • (2008) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.33 , Issue.9 , pp. 2323-2329
    • Taniguchi, A.1    Akita, T.2    Yasuda, K.3    Miyazaki, Y.4
  • 198
    • 44649173704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible and irreversible degradation in fuel cells during Open Circuit Voltage durability testing
    • Kundu, S., Fowle, M., Simon, L.C., and Abouatallah, R. (2008) Reversible and irreversible degradation in fuel cells during Open Circuit Voltage durability testing. J. Power Sources, 182 (1), 254-258.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.182 , Issue.1 , pp. 254-258
    • Kundu, S.1    Fowle, M.2    Simon, L.C.3    Abouatallah, R.4
  • 199
    • 71549167049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of open-circuit operation on membrane and catalyst layer degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • Zhang, S., Yuan, X.Z., Hin, J.N.C., Wang, H., Wu, J., Friedrich, K.A., and Schulze, M. (2010) Effects of open-circuit operation on membrane and catalyst layer degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 195 (4), 1142-1148.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.4 , pp. 1142-1148
    • Zhang, S.1    Yuan, X.Z.2    Hin, J.N.C.3    Wang, H.4    Wu, J.5    Friedrich, K.A.6    Schulze, M.7
  • 200
    • 38049066023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of PEM fuel cell stack dynamic behaviours
    • Chen, J. and Zhou, B. (2008) Diagnosis of PEM fuel cell stack dynamic behaviours. J. Power Sources, 177 (1), 83-95.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.177 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-95
    • Chen, J.1    Zhou, B.2
  • 203
    • 63149112648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development and demonstration of technology on the path to commercially viable PEM fuel cell stacks
    • Chiem, B.H., Beattie, P., and Colbow, K. (2008) The development and demonstration of technology on the path to commercially viable PEM fuel cell stacks. ECS Trans., 16 (2), 1927-1935.
    • (2008) ECS Trans , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 1927-1935
    • Chiem, B.H.1    Beattie, P.2    Colbow, K.3
  • 204
    • 66849087481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration and development of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system for residential use
    • Ferraro, M., Sergi, F., Brunaccini, G., Dispenza, G., Andaloro, L., and Antonucci, V. (2009) Demonstration and development of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system for residential use. J. Power Sources, 193 (1), 342-348.
    • (2009) J. Power Sources , vol.193 , Issue.1 , pp. 342-348
    • Ferraro, M.1    Sergi, F.2    Brunaccini, G.3    Dispenza, G.4    Andaloro, L.5    Antonucci, V.6
  • 205
    • 1542378759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging mechanisms and lifetime of PEFC and DMFC
    • Knights, S., Colbow, K., St-Pierre, J., and Wilkinson, D. (2004) Aging mechanisms and lifetime of PEFC and DMFC. J. Power Sources, 127 (1-2), 127-134.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.127 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 127-134
    • Knights, S.1    Colbow, K.2    St-Pierre, J.3    Wilkinson, D.4
  • 206
    • 0002384910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between water management, contamination and lifetime degradation in PEFC
    • St-Pierre, J., Wilkinson, D.P., Knights, S., and Bos, M. (2000) Relationships between water management, contamination and lifetime degradation in PEFC. J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst., 3, 99-106.
    • (2000) J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst. , vol.3 , pp. 99-106
    • St-Pierre, J.1    Wilkinson, D.P.2    Knights, S.3    Bos, M.4
  • 207
    • 48149094359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of PEM fuel cell durability: degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies
    • Wu, J., Yuan, X.Z., Martin, J.J., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Shen, J., Wu, S., and Merida, W. (2008) A review of PEM fuel cell durability: degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies. J. Power Sources, 184 (1), 104-119.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.184 , Issue.1 , pp. 104-119
    • Wu, J.1    Yuan, X.Z.2    Martin, J.J.3    Wang, H.4    Zhang, J.5    Shen, J.6    Wu, S.7    Merida, W.8
  • 208
    • 2442429440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of physical properties and fuel cell performance of Nafion and zirconium phosphate/Nafion composite membranes
    • Yang, C., Srinivasan, S., Bocarsly, A.B., Tulyani, S., and Benziger, J.B. (2004) A comparison of physical properties and fuel cell performance of Nafion and zirconium phosphate/Nafion composite membranes. J. Membr. Sci., 237 (1-2), 145-161.
    • (2004) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.237 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 145-161
    • Yang, C.1    Srinivasan, S.2    Bocarsly, A.B.3    Tulyani, S.4    Benziger, J.B.5
  • 209
    • 0041668134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of proton conduction in select PEM' and reaction layer interfaces-designed for elevated temperature operation
    • Ma, C., Zhang, L., Mukerjee, S., Ofer, D., and Nair, B. (2003) An investigation of proton conduction in select PEM' and reaction layer interfaces-designed for elevated temperature operation. J. Membr. Sci., 219 (1-2), 123-136.
    • (2003) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.219 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 123-136
    • Ma, C.1    Zhang, L.2    Mukerjee, S.3    Ofer, D.4    Nair, B.5
  • 210
    • 34249275345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A degradation study of Nafion proton exchange membrane of PEM fuel cells
    • Tang, H., Peikang, S., Jiang, S.P., Wang, F., and Pan, M. (2007) A degradation study of Nafion proton exchange membrane of PEM fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 170 (1), 85-92.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.170 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-92
    • Tang, H.1    Peikang, S.2    Jiang, S.P.3    Wang, F.4    Pan, M.5
  • 211
    • 61849099960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal stability of ion-exchange Nafion N117CS membranes
    • Iwai, Y. and Yamanishi, T. (2009) Thermal stability of ion-exchange Nafion N117CS membranes. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 94 (4), 679-687.
    • (2009) Polym. Degrad. Stab. , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 679-687
    • Iwai, Y.1    Yamanishi, T.2
  • 212
    • 0024142797 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the thermal stability of the perfluorinated cation-exchange membrane
    • Surowiec, J. and Bogoczek, R. (1988) Studies on the thermal stability of the perfluorinated cation-exchange membrane. J. Therm. Anal., 33 (4), 1097-1102.
    • (1988) J. Therm. Anal. , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 1097-1102
    • Surowiec, J.1    Bogoczek, R.2
  • 213
    • 0026114493 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Nafions
    • Wilkie, C.A., Thomsen, J.R., and Mittleman, M.L. (1991) Interaction of Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Nafions. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 42 (4), 901-909.
    • (1991) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 901-909
    • Wilkie, C.A.1    Thomsen, J.R.2    Mittleman, M.L.3
  • 214
    • 71549145005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of operating temperature on cell performance and endurance of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • Oono, Y., Fukuda, T., Sounai, A., and Hori, M. (2010) Influence of operating temperature on cell performance and endurance of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 195 (4), 1007-1014.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.4 , pp. 1007-1014
    • Oono, Y.1    Fukuda, T.2    Sounai, A.3    Hori, M.4
  • 216
    • 77952276945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deterioration of mechanical properties: A cause for fuel cell membrane failure
    • Patil, Y.P., Jarrett, W.L., and Mauritz, K.A. (2010) Deterioration of mechanical properties: A cause for fuel cell membrane failure. J. Membr. Sci., 356 (1-2), 7-13.
    • (2010) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.356 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 7-13
    • Patil, Y.P.1    Jarrett, W.L.2    Mauritz, K.A.3
  • 217
    • 0000043063 scopus 로고
    • Chapter 5 Mechanistic Analysis of Oxygen Electrode Reactions
    • (eds J.U.M. Bockris and B.E. Conway), Plenum Press, New York
    • Damjanovic, A. (1969), Chapter 5 Mechanistic Analysis of Oxygen Electrode Reactions in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, vol. 5 (eds J.U.M. Bockris and B.E. Conway), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 369-483.
    • (1969) Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry , vol.5 , pp. 369-483
    • Damjanovic, A.1
  • 218
    • 0029247055 scopus 로고
    • Study of radiation-grafted FEP-G-polystyrene membranes as polymer electrolytes in fuel cells
    • Büchi, F.N., Gupta, B., Haas, O., and Scherer, G.G. (1995) Study of radiation-grafted FEP-G-polystyrene membranes as polymer electrolytes in fuel cells. Electrochim. Acta, 40 (3), 345-353.
    • (1995) Electrochim. Acta , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 345-353
    • B̈chi, F.N.1    Gupta, B.2    Haas, O.3    Scherer, G.G.4
  • 219
    • 0345390184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfonated and crosslinked polyphosphazene-based proton-exchange membranes
    • Guo, Q., Pintauro, P.N., Tang, N., and O'Connor, S. (1999) Sulfonated and crosslinked polyphosphazene-based proton-exchange membranes. J. Membr. Sci., 154 (2), 175-181.
    • (1999) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.154 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-181
    • Guo, Q.1    Pintauro, P.N.2    Tang, N.3    O'Connor, S.4
  • 220
    • 2642555597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of catalyst layer structure on the current distribution of PEMFCs
    • Wu, J.F., Yi, B.L., Hou, M., Hou, Z.J., and Zhang, H.M. (2004) Influence of catalyst layer structure on the current distribution of PEMFCs. Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 7 (6), A151-A154.
    • (2004) Electrochem. Solid State Lett. , vol.7 , Issue.6
    • Wu, J.F.1    Yi, B.L.2    Hou, M.3    Hou, Z.J.4    Zhang, H.M.5
  • 222
    • 0029777844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites
    • Giannelis, E.P. (1996) Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Adv. Mater., 8 (1), 29-35.
    • (1996) Adv. Mater. , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-35
    • Giannelis, E.P.1
  • 223
    • 77956338851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nafion and carbon nanotube nanocomposites for mixed proton and electron conduction
    • Ijeri, V.S., Cappelletto, L., Bianco, S., Tortello, M., Spinelli, P., and Tresso, E. (2010) Nafion and carbon nanotube nanocomposites for mixed proton and electron conduction. J. Membr. Sci., 363 (1-2), 265-270.
    • (2010) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.363 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 265-270
    • Ijeri, V.S.1    Cappelletto, L.2    Bianco, S.3    Tortello, M.4    Spinelli, P.5    Tresso, E.6
  • 224
    • 71649106576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation of high-performance polymer electrolyte nanocomposites through nanoscale silica particle dispersion
    • Lee, C.H., Park, H.B., Park, C.H., Lee, S.Y., Kim, J.Y., McGrath, J.E., and Lee, J.K. (2010) Preparation of high-performance polymer electrolyte nanocomposites through nanoscale silica particle dispersion. J. Power Sources, 195 (5), 1325-1332.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.5 , pp. 1325-1332
    • Lee, C.H.1    Park, H.B.2    Park, C.H.3    Lee, S.Y.4    Kim, J.Y.5    McGrath, J.E.6    Lee, J.K.7
  • 225
    • 48149100740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of polyoxadiazole nanocomposites for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
    • Gomes, D., Marschall, R., Nunes, S.P., and Wark, M. (2008) Development of polyoxadiazole nanocomposites for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J. Membr. Sci., 322 (2), 406-415.
    • (2008) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.322 , Issue.2 , pp. 406-415
    • Gomes, D.1    Marschall, R.2    Nunes, S.P.3    Wark, M.4
  • 226
    • 34548124870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel Nafion-zirconium phosphate nanocomposite membranes with enhanced stability of proton conductivity at medium temperature and high relative humidity
    • Alberti, G., Casciola, M., Capitani, D., Donnadio, A., Narducci, R., Pica, M., and Sganappa, M. (2007) Novel Nafion-zirconium phosphate nanocomposite membranes with enhanced stability of proton conductivity at medium temperature and high relative humidity. Electrochim. Acta, 52 (28), 8125-8132.
    • (2007) Electrochim. Acta , vol.52 , Issue.28 , pp. 8125-8132
    • Alberti, G.1    Casciola, M.2    Capitani, D.3    Donnadio, A.4    Narducci, R.5    Pica, M.6    Sganappa, M.7
  • 228
    • 23844508122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ® composite membranes prepared out of them
    • ® composite membranes prepared out of them. J. Power Sources, 145 (2), 101-107.
    • (2005) J. Power Sources , vol.145 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-107
    • Bauer, F.1    Willert-Porada, M.2
  • 230
    • 34548297844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural characterization of PVdF-HFP/PEG/Al2O3 proton conducting membranes for fuel cells
    • Kumar, G.G., Kim, P., Nahm, K.S., and Elizabeth, R.N. (2007) Structural characterization of PVdF-HFP/PEG/Al2O3 proton conducting membranes for fuel cells. J. Membr. Sci., 303 (1-2), 126-131.
    • (2007) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.303 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 126-131
    • Kumar, G.G.1    Kim, P.2    Nahm, K.S.3    Elizabeth, R.N.4
  • 231
    • 48249134093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of polysulfone (PSf)-and polyether ether ketone (PEEK)-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) composite membranes for water electrolysis
    • Jang, I.-Y., Kweon, O.-H., Kim, K.-E., Hwang, G.-J., Moon, S.-B., and Kang, A.-S. (2008) Application of polysulfone (PSf)-and polyether ether ketone (PEEK)-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) composite membranes for water electrolysis. J. Membr. Sci., 322 (1), 154-161.
    • (2008) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.322 , Issue.1 , pp. 154-161
    • Jang, I.-Y.1    Kweon, O.-H.2    Kim, K.-E.3    Hwang, G.-J.4    Moon, S.-B.5    Kang, A.-S.6
  • 232
    • 65949085185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of sulfonated polyether-etherketone (SPEEK) and composite membranes on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance
    • Sengül, E., Erdener, H., Akay, R.G., Yücel, H., Bac, N., and Erodlu, I. (2009) Effects of sulfonated polyether-etherketone (SPEEK) and composite membranes on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34 (10), 4645-4652.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.34 , Issue.10 , pp. 4645-4652
    • Sengül, E.1    Erdener, H.2    Akay, R.G.3    Yücel, H.4    Bac, N.5    Erodlu, I.6
  • 233
    • 77954837332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of sulfonated polysulfone membranes as electrolyte in a passive-mode direct methanol fuel cell mini-stack
    • Lufrano, F., Baglio, V., Staiti, P., Stassi, A., Arico, A.S., and Antonucci, V. (2010) Investigation of sulfonated polysulfone membranes as electrolyte in a passive-mode direct methanol fuel cell mini-stack. J. Power Sources, 195 (23), 7727-7733.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.23 , pp. 7727-7733
    • Lufrano, F.1    Baglio, V.2    Staiti, P.3    Stassi, A.4    Arico, A.S.5    Antonucci, V.6
  • 235
    • 0037065248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation-grafted membrane/electrode assemblies with improved interface
    • Huslage, J., Rager, T., Schnyder, B., and Tsukada, A. (2002) Radiation-grafted membrane/electrode assemblies with improved interface. Electrochim. Acta, 48 (3), 247-254.
    • (2002) Electrochim. Acta , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-254
    • Huslage, J.1    Rager, T.2    Schnyder, B.3    Tsukada, A.4
  • 236
    • 24344459088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation grafted membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • Gubler, L., G?rsel, S.A., and Scherer, G.G. (2005) Radiation grafted membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Fuel Cells, 5 (3), 317-335.
    • (2005) Fuel Cells , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-335
    • Gubler, L.1    Gürsel, S.A.2    Scherer, G.G.3
  • 237
    • 33646852068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation of radiochemically pore-filled polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cells
    • Nasef, M.M., Zubir, N.A., Ismail, A.F., Dahlan, K.Z.M., Saidi, H., and Khayet, M. (2006) Preparation of radiochemically pore-filled polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 156 (2), 200-210.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.156 , Issue.2 , pp. 200-210
    • Nasef, M.M.1    Zubir, N.A.2    Ismail, A.F.3    Dahlan, K.Z.M.4    Saidi, H.5    Khayet, M.6
  • 238
    • 40849133754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfonated polyimide membranes grafted with sulfoalkylated side chains for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications
    • Lee, C.H., Park, C.H., and Lee, Y.M. (2008) Sulfonated polyimide membranes grafted with sulfoalkylated side chains for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. J. Membr. Sci., 313 (1-2), 199-206.
    • (2008) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.313 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 199-206
    • Lee, C.H.1    Park, C.H.2    Lee, Y.M.3
  • 239
    • 0034660435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of the direct methanol fuel cell with radiation-grafted polymer membranes
    • Scott, K., Taama, W.M., and Argyropoulos, P. (2000) Performance of the direct methanol fuel cell with radiation-grafted polymer membranes. J. Membr. Sci., 171 (1), 119-130.
    • (2000) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.171 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-130
    • Scott, K.1    Taama, W.M.2    Argyropoulos, P.3
  • 240
    • 0037374711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pore-filling type polymer electrolyte membranes for a direct methanol fuel cell
    • Yamaguchi, T., Miyata, F., and Nakao, S.-I. (2003) Pore-filling type polymer electrolyte membranes for a direct methanol fuel cell. J. Membr. Sci., 214 (2), 283-292.
    • (2003) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.214 , Issue.2 , pp. 283-292
    • Yamaguchi, T.1    Miyata, F.2    Nakao, S.-I.3
  • 242
    • 0028889101 scopus 로고
    • Pervaporation of water-ethanol mixtures through sulfonated polystyrene membranes prepared by plasma graftpolymerization
    • Ihm, C.-D. and Ihm, S.-K. (1995) Pervaporation of water-ethanol mixtures through sulfonated polystyrene membranes prepared by plasma graftpolymerization. J. Membr. Sci., 98 (1-2), 89-96.
    • (1995) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.98 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 89-96
    • Ihm, C.-D.1    Ihm, S.-K.2
  • 243
    • 0345565908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pore-filled cation-exchange membranes containing poly(styrenesulfonic acid) gels
    • Jiang, W., Childs, R.F., Mika, A.M., and Dickson, J.M. (2003) Pore-filled cation-exchange membranes containing poly(styrenesulfonic acid) gels. Desalination, 159 (3), 253-266.
    • (2003) Desalination , vol.159 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-266
    • Jiang, W.1    Childs, R.F.2    Mika, A.M.3    Dickson, J.M.4
  • 244
    • 0027561701 scopus 로고
    • Pervaporation and evaporation characteristics of a new type of ion exchange membrane
    • Simons, R., Zuccon, J., Dickson, M.R., and Shaw, M. (1993) Pervaporation and evaporation characteristics of a new type of ion exchange membrane. J. Membr. Sci., 78 (1-2), 63-67.
    • (1993) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.78 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 63-67
    • Simons, R.1    Zuccon, J.2    Dickson, M.R.3    Shaw, M.4
  • 245
    • 67649268155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation grafted fuel cell membranes based on co-grafting of α-methylstyrene and methacrylonitrile into a fluoropolymer base film
    • Gubler, L., Slaski, M., Wallasch, F., Wokaun, A., and Scherer, G.G. (2009) Radiation grafted fuel cell membranes based on co-grafting of α-methylstyrene and methacrylonitrile into a fluoropolymer base film. J. Membr. Sci., 339 (1-2), 68-77.
    • (2009) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.339 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 68-77
    • Gubler, L.1    Slaski, M.2    Wallasch, F.3    Wokaun, A.4    Scherer, G.G.5
  • 246
    • 33748428451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical durability of carbon nanotubes in non-catalyzed and catalyzed oxidations
    • Li, L. and Xing, Y.C. (2006) Electrochemical durability of carbon nanotubes in non-catalyzed and catalyzed oxidations. J. Electrochem. Soc., 153 (10), A1823-A1828.
    • (2006) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.153 , Issue.10
    • Li, L.1    Xing, Y.C.2
  • 247
    • 33646404071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Durability study of Pt/C and Pt/CNTs catalysts under simulated PEM fuel cell conditions
    • Shao, Y.Y., Yin, G.P., Gao, Y.Z., and Shi, P.F. (2006) Durability study of Pt/C and Pt/CNTs catalysts under simulated PEM fuel cell conditions. J. Electrochem. Soc., 153 (6), A1093-A1097.
    • (2006) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.153 , Issue.6
    • Shao, Y.Y.1    Yin, G.P.2    Gao, Y.Z.3    Shi, P.F.4
  • 249
    • 33645451491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platinum dissolution and deposition in the polymer electrolyte membrane of a PEM fuel cell as studied by potential cycling
    • Yasuda, K., Taniguchi, A., Akita, T., Ioroi, T., and Siroma, Z. (2006) Platinum dissolution and deposition in the polymer electrolyte membrane of a PEM fuel cell as studied by potential cycling. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 8 (6), 746-752.
    • (2006) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 746-752
    • Yasuda, K.1    Taniguchi, A.2    Akita, T.3    Ioroi, T.4    Siroma, Z.5
  • 250
    • 0000946415 scopus 로고
    • Crystallite growth of platinum dispersed on graphitized carbon black: II, Effect of liquid environment
    • Bett, J.A.S., Kinoshita, K., and Stonehart, P. (1976) Crystallite growth of platinum dispersed on graphitized carbon black: II. Effect of liquid environment. J. Catal., 41 (1), 124-133.
    • (1976) J. Catal. , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 124-133
    • Bett, J.A.S.1    Kinoshita, K.2    Stonehart, P.3
  • 251
    • 0017949924 scopus 로고
    • Surface area loss of platinum supported on graphite
    • Blurton, K.F., Kunz, H.R., and Rut, D.R. (1978) Surface area loss of platinum supported on graphite. Electrochim. Acta, 23 (3), 183-190.
    • (1978) Electrochim. Acta , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-190
    • Blurton, K.F.1    Kunz, H.R.2    Rut, D.R.3
  • 252
    • 26244459449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEM fuel cell catalysts: Cost, performance, and durability
    • He, C., Desai, S., Brown, G., and Bollepalli, S. (2005) PEM fuel cell catalysts: Cost, performance, and durability. Interface, 14 (3), 41-44.
    • (2005) Interface , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 41-44
    • He, C.1    Desai, S.2    Brown, G.3    Bollepalli, S.4
  • 253
    • 33748053026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytical TEM study of Pt particle deposition in the proton-exchange membrane of a membrane-electrode-assembly
    • Akita, T., Taniguchi, A., Maekawa, J., Sirorna, Z., Tanaka, K., Kohyama, M., and Yasuda, K. (2006) Analytical TEM study of Pt particle deposition in the proton-exchange membrane of a membrane-electrode-assembly. J. Power Sources, 159 (1), 461-467.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.159 , Issue.1 , pp. 461-467
    • Akita, T.1    Taniguchi, A.2    Maekawa, J.3    Sirorna, Z.4    Tanaka, K.5    Kohyama, M.6    Yasuda, K.7
  • 256
    • 2042513621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of vulcan electrochemically oxidized under simulated PEM fuel cell conditions
    • Kangasniemi, K.H., Condit, D.A., and Jarvi, T.D. (2004) Characterization of vulcan electrochemically oxidized under simulated PEM fuel cell conditions. J. Electrochem. Soc., 151 (4), E125-E132.
    • (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.151 , Issue.4
    • Kangasniemi, K.H.1    Condit, D.A.2    Jarvi, T.D.3
  • 257
    • 9444266488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal degradation of the support in carbon-supported platinum electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells
    • Stevens, D.A. and Dahn, J.R. (2005) Thermal degradation of the support in carbon-supported platinum electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells. Carbon, 43 (1), 179-188.
    • (2005) Carbon , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 179-188
    • Stevens, D.A.1    Dahn, J.R.2
  • 258
    • 0028482467 scopus 로고
    • Electrocatalyst deterioration due to cathodic and anodic wear and means for retarding electrocatalyst deterioration
    • Korovin, N.V. (1994) Electrocatalyst deterioration due to cathodic and anodic wear and means for retarding electrocatalyst deterioration. Electrochim. Acta, 39 (11-12), 1503-1508.
    • (1994) Electrochim. Acta , vol.39 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 1503-1508
    • Korovin, N.V.1
  • 260
    • 33846633795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of platinum oxygen reduction electrocatalysts using gold clusters
    • Zhang, J., Sasaki, K., Sutter, E., and Adzic, R.R. (2007) Stabilization of platinum oxygen reduction electrocatalysts using gold clusters. Science, 315 (5809), 220-222.
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , Issue.5809 , pp. 220-222
    • Zhang, J.1    Sasaki, K.2    Sutter, E.3    Adzic, R.R.4
  • 261
    • 0001239138 scopus 로고
    • Heat-treated carbon-blacks as supports for Platinum catalysts
    • Coloma, F., Sepulvedaescribano, A., and Rodriguezreinoso, F. (1995) Heat-treated carbon-blacks as supports for Platinum catalysts. J. Catal., 154 (2), 299-305.
    • (1995) J. Catal. , vol.154 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-305
    • Coloma, F.1    Sepulvedaescribano, A.2    Rodriguezreinoso, F.3
  • 262
    • 33746734281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative investigation of the resistance to electrochemical oxidation of carbon black and carbon nanotubes in aqueous sulfuric acid solution
    • Shao, Y., Yin, G., Zhang, J., and Gao, Y. (2006) Comparative investigation of the resistance to electrochemical oxidation of carbon black and carbon nanotubes in aqueous sulfuric acid solution. Electrochim. Acta, 51 (26), 5853-5857.
    • (2006) Electrochim. Acta , vol.51 , Issue.26 , pp. 5853-5857
    • Shao, Y.1    Yin, G.2    Zhang, J.3    Gao, Y.4
  • 263
    • 33748760934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electro-catalytic oxidation of CO on Pt catalyst supported on carbon nanotubes pretreated with oxidative acids
    • Li, L., Wu, G., and Xu, B.-Q. (2006) Electro-catalytic oxidation of CO on Pt catalyst supported on carbon nanotubes pretreated with oxidative acids. Carbon, 44 (14), 2973-2983.
    • (2006) Carbon , vol.44 , Issue.14 , pp. 2973-2983
    • Li, L.1    Wu, G.2    Xu, B.-Q.3
  • 264
    • 77953133810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functionalizing carbon nanotubes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells electrode
    • Saha, M.S. and Kundu, A. (2010) Functionalizing carbon nanotubes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells electrode. J. Power Sources, 195 (19), 6255-6261.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.19 , pp. 6255-6261
    • Saha, M.S.1    Kundu, A.2
  • 266
    • 0034311739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon nanofibers: catalytic synthesis and applications
    • De Jong, K.P. and Geus, J.W. (2000) Carbon nanofibers: catalytic synthesis and applications. Catal. Rev.: Sci. Eng., 42 (4), 481-510.
    • (2000) Catal. Rev.: Sci. Eng. , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 481-510
    • De Jong, K.P.1    Geus, J.W.2
  • 267
    • 65949087910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the support properties on the preparation and performance of platinum catalysts supported on carbon nanofibers
    • Calvillo, L., Gangeri, M., Perathoner, S., Centi, G., Moliner, R., and Lázaro, M.J. (2009) Effect of the support properties on the preparation and performance of platinum catalysts supported on carbon nanofibers. J. Power Sources, 192 (1), 144-150.
    • (2009) J. Power Sources , vol.192 , Issue.1 , pp. 144-150
    • Calvillo, L.1    Gangeri, M.2    Perathoner, S.3    Centi, G.4    Moliner, R.5    Lázaro, M.J.6
  • 268
    • 0346387329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful demonstration of Ballard PEMFCs for space shuttle applications
    • St-Pierre, J. and Jia, N. (2002) Successful demonstration of Ballard PEMFCs for space shuttle applications. J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst., 5, 263-271.
    • (2002) J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst. , vol.5 , pp. 263-271
    • St-Pierre, J.1    Jia, N.2
  • 269
    • 34447099383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of GDL flooding effects on PEMFC performance
    • Shimpalee, S., Beuscher, U., and Van Zee, J.W. (2007) Analysis of GDL flooding effects on PEMFC performance. Electrochim. Acta, 52 (24), 6748-6754.
    • (2007) Electrochim. Acta , vol.52 , Issue.24 , pp. 6748-6754
    • Shimpalee, S.1    Beuscher, U.2    Van Zee, J.W.3
  • 270
    • 23844495622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistic analysis of operational influences on the cold start behaviour of PEM fuel cells
    • Oszcipok, M., Riemann, D., Kronenwett, U., Kreideweis, M., and Zedda, M. (2005) Statistic analysis of operational influences on the cold start behaviour of PEM fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 145 (2), 407-415.
    • (2005) J. Power Sources , vol.145 , Issue.2 , pp. 407-415
    • Oszcipok, M.1    Riemann, D.2    Kronenwett, U.3    Kreideweis, M.4    Zedda, M.5
  • 272
    • 61549136726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydrophobicity and pore geometry in cathode GDL on PEM fuel cell performance
    • Park, S. and Popov, B.N. (2009) Effect of hydrophobicity and pore geometry in cathode GDL on PEM fuel cell performance. Electrochim. Acta, 54 (12), 3473-3479.
    • (2009) Electrochim. Acta , vol.54 , Issue.12 , pp. 3473-3479
    • Park, S.1    Popov, B.N.2
  • 273
    • 67650717274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface modification of gas diffusion layers by inorganic nanomaterials for performance enhancement of proton exchange membrane fuel cells at low RH conditions
    • Cindrella, L., Kannan, A.M., Ahmad, R., and Thommes, M. (2009) Surface modification of gas diffusion layers by inorganic nanomaterials for performance enhancement of proton exchange membrane fuel cells at low RH conditions. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34 (15), 6377-6383.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.34 , Issue.15 , pp. 6377-6383
    • Cindrella, L.1    Kannan, A.M.2    Ahmad, R.3    Thommes, M.4
  • 274
    • 45249091467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitigation of carbon corrosion in microporous layers in PEM fuel cells
    • Owejan, J.E., Yu, P.T., and Makharia, R. (2007) Mitigation of carbon corrosion in microporous layers in PEM fuel cells. ECS Trans., 11 (1), 1049-1057.
    • (2007) ECS Trans , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 1049-1057
    • Owejan, J.E.1    Yu, P.T.2    Makharia, R.3
  • 275
    • 38749110354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing liquid water transport by laser perforation of a GDL in a PEM fuel cell
    • Gerteisen, D., Heilmann, T., and Ziegler, C. (2008) Enhancing liquid water transport by laser perforation of a GDL in a PEM fuel cell. J. Power Sources, 177 (2), 348-354.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.177 , Issue.2 , pp. 348-354
    • Gerteisen, D.1    Heilmann, T.2    Ziegler, C.3
  • 276
    • 79952314737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of contaminants on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
    • Zamel, N. and Li, X. (2011) Effect of contaminants on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 37 (3), 292-329.
    • (2011) Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 292-329
    • Zamel, N.1    Li, X.2
  • 277
    • 77949489031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of assembly error of bipolar plate on the contact pressure distribution and stress failure of membrane electrode assembly in proton exchange membrane fuel cell
    • Liu, D., Peng, L., and Lai, X. (2010) Effect of assembly error of bipolar plate on the contact pressure distribution and stress failure of membrane electrode assembly in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J. Power Sources, 195 (13), 4213-4221.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.13 , pp. 4213-4221
    • Liu, D.1    Peng, L.2    Lai, X.3
  • 278
    • 1842666813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design analysis of PEMFC bipolar plates considering stack manufacturing and environment impact
    • Cooper, J.S. (2004) Design analysis of PEMFC bipolar plates considering stack manufacturing and environment impact. J. Power Sources, 129 (2), 152-169.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.129 , Issue.2 , pp. 152-169
    • Cooper, J.S.1
  • 279
    • 0042911632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of PVD coating on corrosion resistance of metallic bipolar plates in PEM fuel cell
    • Lee, S.-J., Huang, C.-H., and Chen, Y.-P. (2003) Investigation of PVD coating on corrosion resistance of metallic bipolar plates in PEM fuel cell. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 140 (1-3), 688-693.
    • (2003) J. Mater. Process. Technol. , vol.140 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 688-693
    • Lee, S.-J.1    Huang, C.-H.2    Chen, Y.-P.3
  • 280
    • 34047273569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased in output power from fuel cell used metal bipolar plate coated with a-C film
    • Show, Y., Miki, M., and Nakamura, T. (2007) Increased in output power from fuel cell used metal bipolar plate coated with a-C film. Diamond Relat. Mater., 16 (4-7), 1159-1161.
    • (2007) Diamond Relat. Mater. , vol.16 , Issue.4-7 , pp. 1159-1161
    • Show, Y.1    Miki, M.2    Nakamura, T.3
  • 281
    • 77949568104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical and corrosion properties of stainless steel bipolar plates coated with a conduction polymer composite
    • Lee, Y.-B. and Lim, D.-S. (2010) Electrical and corrosion properties of stainless steel bipolar plates coated with a conduction polymer composite. Curr. Appl. Phys., 10 (2), S18-S21.
    • (2010) Curr. Appl. Phys. , vol.10 , Issue.2
    • Lee, Y.-B.1    Lim, D.-S.2
  • 283
    • 0347600720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
    • Cho, E.A., Jeon, U.-S., Ha, H.Y., Hong, S.-A., and Oh, I.-H. (2004) Characteristics of composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 125 (2), 178-182.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.125 , Issue.2 , pp. 178-182
    • Cho, E.A.1    Jeon, U.-S.2    Ha, H.Y.3    Hong, S.-A.4    Oh, I.-H.5
  • 284
    • 33947268089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of graphite composite bipolar plate for PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell: electrical, mechanical, and molding properties
    • Lee, H.S., Kim, H.J., Kim, S.G., and Ahn, S.H. (2007) Evaluation of graphite composite bipolar plate for PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell: electrical, mechanical, and molding properties. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 187-188, 425-428.
    • (2007) J. Mater. Process. Technol. , vol.187-188 , pp. 425-428
    • Lee, H.S.1    Kim, H.J.2    Kim, S.G.3    Ahn, S.H.4
  • 285
    • 36549075056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of graphite-composite bipolar plate prepared by compression molding technique for PEM fuel cell
    • Dhakate, S.R., Mathur, R.B., Kakati, B.K., and Dhami, T.L. (2007) Properties of graphite-composite bipolar plate prepared by compression molding technique for PEM fuel cell. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 32 (17), 4537-4543.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.32 , Issue.17 , pp. 4537-4543
    • Dhakate, S.R.1    Mathur, R.B.2    Kakati, B.K.3    Dhami, T.L.4
  • 286
    • 0034852920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEM fuel cell stack sealing using silicone elastomers
    • Frisch, L. (2001) PEM fuel cell stack sealing using silicone elastomers. Sealing Technol., 2001 (93), 7-9.
    • (2001) Sealing Technol , vol.2001 , Issue.93 , pp. 7-9
    • Frisch, L.1
  • 287
    • 33845863408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation of elastomeric gasket materials in PEM fuel cells
    • Tan, J., Chao, Y.J., Van Zee, J.W., and Lee, W.K. (2007) Degradation of elastomeric gasket materials in PEM fuel cells. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 445-446, 669-675.
    • (2007) Mater. Sci. Eng. A , vol.445-446 , pp. 669-675
    • Tan, J.1    Chao, Y.J.2    Van Zee, J.W.3    Lee, W.K.4
  • 288
    • 56149105558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation characteristics of elastomeric gasket materials in a simulated PEM fuel cell environment
    • Tan, J., Chao, Y.J., Yang, M., Williams, C.T., and Van Zee, J.W. (2008) Degradation characteristics of elastomeric gasket materials in a simulated PEM fuel cell environment. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 17 (6), 785-792.
    • (2008) J. Mater. Eng. Perform. , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 785-792
    • Tan, J.1    Chao, Y.J.2    Yang, M.3    Williams, C.T.4    Van Zee, J.W.5
  • 289
    • 1542304749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation of sealings for PEFC test cells during fuel cell operation
    • Schulze, M., Knöri, T., Schneider, A., and Gülzow, E. (2004) Degradation of sealings for PEFC test cells during fuel cell operation. J. Power Sources, 127 (1-2), 222-229.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.127 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 222-229
    • Schulze, M.1    Knöri, T.2    Schneider, A.3    Gülzow, E.4
  • 290
    • 0035947890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon monoxide poisoning of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • Baschuk, J.J. and Li, X.G. (2001) Carbon monoxide poisoning of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Int. J. Energy Resour., 25 (8), 695-713.
    • (2001) Int. J. Energy Resour. , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 695-713
    • Baschuk, J.J.1    Li, X.G.2
  • 291
    • 0030130007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of reaction kinetics for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide on polycrystalline platinum relative to fuel cell operation
    • Bellows, R.J., Marucchi-Soos, E.P., and Buckley, D.T. (1996) Analysis of reaction kinetics for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide on polycrystalline platinum relative to fuel cell operation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35 (4), 1235-1242.
    • (1996) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 1235-1242
    • Bellows, R.J.1    Marucchi-Soos, E.P.2    Buckley, D.T.3
  • 292
    • 23744484588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • cell > 100°C) proton exchange membrane fuel cells: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
    • cell > 100°C) proton exchange membrane fuel cells: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J. Electrochem. Soc., 152 (7), A1329-A1340.
    • (2005) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.152 , Issue.7
    • Jiang, R.1    Kunz, H.R.2    Fenton, J.M.3
  • 294
    • 13444258047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of temperature on the adsorption rate of hydrogen sulfide on Pt anodes in a PEMFC
    • Mohtadi, R., Lee, W.-K., and Van Zee, J.W. (2005) The effect of temperature on the adsorption rate of hydrogen sulfide on Pt anodes in a PEMFC. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 56 (1-2), 37-42.
    • (2005) Appl. Catal. B: Environ. , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 37-42
    • Mohtadi, R.1    Lee, W.-K.2    Van Zee, J.W.3
  • 295
    • 24044461080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conductivity of polymer electrolyte membranes by impedance spectroscopy with microelectrodes
    • Kelly, M.J., Egger, B., Fafilek, G., Besenhard, J.O., Kronberger, H., and Nauer, G.E. (2005) Conductivity of polymer electrolyte membranes by impedance spectroscopy with microelectrodes. Solid State Ionics, 176 (25-28), 2111-2114.
    • (2005) Solid State Ionics , vol.176 , Issue.25-28 , pp. 2111-2114
    • Kelly, M.J.1    Egger, B.2    Fafilek, G.3    Besenhard, J.O.4    Kronberger, H.5    Nauer, G.E.6
  • 296
    • 33746627585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas crossover and membrane degradation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • Inaba, M., Kinumoto, T., Kiriake, M., Umebayashi, R., Tasaka, A., and Ogumi, Z. (2006) Gas crossover and membrane degradation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim. Acta, 51 (26), 5746-5753.
    • (2006) Electrochim. Acta , vol.51 , Issue.26 , pp. 5746-5753
    • Inaba, M.1    Kinumoto, T.2    Kiriake, M.3    Umebayashi, R.4    Tasaka, A.5    Ogumi, Z.6
  • 298
    • 0036171372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalysis for low temperature fuel cells
    • Ralph, T.R. and Hogarth, M.P. (2002) Catalysis for low temperature fuel cells. Platinum Met. Rev., 46 (3), 117-135.
    • (2002) Platinum Met. Rev. , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 117-135
    • Ralph, T.R.1    Hogarth, M.P.2
  • 299
    • 41149107352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ru-Pt core-shell nanoparticles for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen
    • Alayoglu, S., Nilekar, A.U., Mavrikakis, M., and Eichhorn, B. (2008) Ru-Pt core-shell nanoparticles for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen. Nat. Mater., 7 (4), 333-338.
    • (2008) Nat. Mater. , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 333-338
    • Alayoglu, S.1    Nilekar, A.U.2    Mavrikakis, M.3    Eichhorn, B.4
  • 300
    • 33749134631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stability of Pt-M (M D first row transition metal) alloy catalysts and its effect on the activity in low temperature fuel cells: A literature review and tests on a Pt-Co catalyst
    • Antolini, E., Salgado, J.R.C., and Gonzalez, E.R. (2006) The stability of Pt-M (M D first row transition metal) alloy catalysts and its effect on the activity in low temperature fuel cells: A literature review and tests on a Pt-Co catalyst. J. Power Sources, 160 (2), 957-968.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.160 , Issue.2 , pp. 957-968
    • Antolini, E.1    Salgado, J.R.C.2    Gonzalez, E.R.3
  • 301
    • 34548127948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of synthetic reducing agents on morphology and ORR activity of carbon-supported nano-Pd-Co alloy electrocatalysts
    • Zhang, L., Lee, K., and Zhang, J. (2007) Effect of synthetic reducing agents on morphology and ORR activity of carbon-supported nano-Pd-Co alloy electrocatalysts. Electrochim. Acta, 52 (28), 7964-7971.
    • (2007) Electrochim. Acta , vol.52 , Issue.28 , pp. 7964-7971
    • Zhang, L.1    Lee, K.2    Zhang, J.3
  • 302
    • 33748978189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SECM characterization of Pt-Ru-WC and Pt-Ru-Co ternary thin film combinatorial libraries as anode electrocatalysts for PEMFC
    • Lu, G., Cooper, J.S., and McGinn, P.J. (2006) SECM characterization of Pt-Ru-WC and Pt-Ru-Co ternary thin film combinatorial libraries as anode electrocatalysts for PEMFC. J. Power Sources, 161 (1), 106-114.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.161 , Issue.1 , pp. 106-114
    • Lu, G.1    Cooper, J.S.2    McGinn, P.J.3
  • 303
    • 77956881779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dealloyed binary PtM3 (M D Cu, Co, Ni) and ternary PtNi3M (M D Cu, Co, Fe, Cr) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Performance in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
    • Mani, P., Srivastava, R., and Strasser, P. (2011) Dealloyed binary PtM3 (M D Cu, Co, Ni) and ternary PtNi3M (M D Cu, Co, Fe, Cr) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Performance in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 196 (2), 666-673.
    • (2011) J. Power Sources , vol.196 , Issue.2 , pp. 666-673
    • Mani, P.1    Srivastava, R.2    Strasser, P.3
  • 304
    • 78049234640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the Mo precursor on the nanostructure and activity of PtRuMo electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • Tsiouvaras, N., Peña, M.A., Fierro, J.L.G., Pastor, E., and Martínez-Huerta, M.V. (2010) The effect of the Mo precursor on the nanostructure and activity of PtRuMo electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Catal. Today, 158 (1-2), 12-21.
    • (2010) Catal. Today , vol.158 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 12-21
    • Tsiouvaras, N.1    Peña, M.A.2    Fierro, J.L.G.3    Pastor, E.4    Martínez-Huerta, M.V.5
  • 305
    • 0037153101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inclusion of Mo, Nb and Ta in Pt and PtRu carbon supported electrocatalysts in the quest for improved CO tolerant PEMFC anodes
    • Papageorgopoulos, D.C., Keijzer, M., and de Bruijn, F.A. (2002) The inclusion of Mo, Nb and Ta in Pt and PtRu carbon supported electrocatalysts in the quest for improved CO tolerant PEMFC anodes. Electrochim. Acta, 48 (2), 197-204.
    • (2002) Electrochim. Acta , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-204
    • Papageorgopoulos, D.C.1    Keijzer, M.2    de Bruijn, F.A.3
  • 307
    • 66349111262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A facile method to synthesize well-dispersed PtRuMoOx and PtRuWOx nanoparticles and their electrocatalytic activities for methanol oxidation
    • Huang, T., Zhang, D., Xue, L., Cai, W.-B., and Yu, A. (2009) A facile method to synthesize well-dispersed PtRuMoOx and PtRuWOx nanoparticles and their electrocatalytic activities for methanol oxidation. J. Power Sources, 192 (2), 285-290.
    • (2009) J. Power Sources , vol.192 , Issue.2 , pp. 285-290
    • Huang, T.1    Zhang, D.2    Xue, L.3    Cai, W.-B.4    Yu, A.5
  • 308
    • 0034745494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative characterization of the CO-tolerance of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell
    • Gubler, L., Scherer, G.G., and Wokaun, A. (2001) Quantitative characterization of the CO-tolerance of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Chem. Eng. Technol., 24 (1), 59-67.
    • (2001) Chem. Eng. Technol. , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-67
    • Gubler, L.1    Scherer, G.G.2    Wokaun, A.3
  • 309
    • 0347418166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches and recent development of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells operating above 100°C
    • Li, Q., He, R., Jensen, J.O., and Bjerrum, N.J. (2003) Approaches and recent development of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells operating above 100 ŽC. Chem. Mater., 15 (26), 4896-4915.
    • (2003) Chem. Mater. , vol.15 , Issue.26 , pp. 4896-4915
    • Li, Q.1    He, R.2    Jensen, J.O.3    Bjerrum, N.J.4
  • 310
    • 33749996616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of performance degradation of a high temperature PEMFC based on H3PO4-doped PBI
    • Liu, G., Zhang, H., Hu, J., Zhai, Y., Xu, D., and Shao, Z.G. (2006) Studies of performance degradation of a high temperature PEMFC based on H3PO4-doped PBI. J. Power Sources, 162 (1), 547-552.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.162 , Issue.1 , pp. 547-552
    • Liu, G.1    Zhang, H.2    Hu, J.3    Zhai, Y.4    Xu, D.5    Shao, Z.G.6
  • 311
    • 74849113523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the influence of the amount of PBI-H3PO4 in the catalytic layer of a high temperature PEMFC
    • Lobato, J., Ca{ogonek}nizares, P., Rodrigo, M.A., Linares, J.J., and Pinar, F.J. (2010) Study of the influence of the amount of PBI-H3PO4 in the catalytic layer of a high temperature PEMFC. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 (3), 1347-1355.
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 1347-1355
    • Lobato, J.1    Cañizares, P.2    Rodrigo, M.A.3    Linares, J.J.4    Pinar, F.J.5
  • 312
    • 34548681846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polybenzimidazole-membrane-based PEM fuel cell in the temperature range of 120-200°C
    • Zhang, J., Tang, Y., Song, C., and Zhang, J. (2007) Polybenzimidazole-membrane-based PEM fuel cell in the temperature range of 120-200°C. J. Power Sources, 172 (1), 163-171.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.172 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-171
    • Zhang, J.1    Tang, Y.2    Song, C.3    Zhang, J.4
  • 314
    • 78649525892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, water transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
    • Jiao, K. and Li, X. (2011) Water transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, water transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 37 (33), 221-291.
    • (2011) Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , vol.37 , Issue.33 , pp. 221-291
    • Jiao, K.1    Li, X.2
  • 316
    • 33748984423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sub-freezing temperatures on a PEM fuel cell performance, startup and fuel cell components
    • Yan, Q., Toghiani, H., Lee, Y.-W., Liang, K., and Causey, H. (2006) Effect of sub-freezing temperatures on a PEM fuel cell performance, startup and fuel cell components. J. Power Sources, 160 (2), 1242-1250.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.160 , Issue.2 , pp. 1242-1250
    • Yan, Q.1    Toghiani, H.2    Lee, Y.-W.3    Liang, K.4    Causey, H.5
  • 317
    • 33644771034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low temperature operation and influence parameters on the cold start ability of portable PEMFCs
    • Oszcipok, M., Zedda, M., Riemann, D., and Geckeler, D. (2006) Low temperature operation and influence parameters on the cold start ability of portable PEMFCs. J. Power Sources, 154 (2), 404-411.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.154 , Issue.2 , pp. 404-411
    • Oszcipok, M.1    Zedda, M.2    Riemann, D.3    Geckeler, D.4
  • 318
    • 41949108195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the main parameters influencing long-term performance and durability of PEM fuel cells
    • Schmittinger, W. and Vahidi, A. (2008) A review of the main parameters influencing long-term performance and durability of PEM fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 180 (1), 1-14.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.180 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Schmittinger, W.1    Vahidi, A.2
  • 319
    • 35748969892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical degradation of membrane electrode assemblies undergoing freeze/thaw cycling: micro-structure effects
    • Kim, S. and Mench, M.M. (2007) Physical degradation of membrane electrode assemblies undergoing freeze/thaw cycling: micro-structure effects. J. Power Sources, 174 (1), 206-220.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.174 , Issue.1 , pp. 206-220
    • Kim, S.1    Mench, M.M.2
  • 320
    • 57249097076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental and theoretical investigations on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell starting up at subzero temperatures
    • Pinton, E., Fourneron, Y., Rosini, S., and Antoni, L. (2009) Experimental and theoretical investigations on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell starting up at subzero temperatures. J. Power Sources, 186 (1), 80-88.
    • (2009) J. Power Sources , vol.186 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-88
    • Pinton, E.1    Fourneron, Y.2    Rosini, S.3    Antoni, L.4
  • 321
    • 68149144035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell catalyst degradation and starvation issues: causes, consequences and diagnostic for mitigation
    • Yousfi-Steiner, N., Mocotéguy, P., Candusso, D., and Hissel, D. (2009) A review on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell catalyst degradation and starvation issues: causes, consequences and diagnostic for mitigation. J. Power Sources, 194 (1), 130-145.
    • (2009) J. Power Sources , vol.194 , Issue.1 , pp. 130-145
    • Yousfi-Steiner, N.1    Mocotéguy, P.2    Candusso, D.3    Hissel, D.4
  • 323
    • 79957594486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General Motors Corporation. US Patent 6, 358, 637 , Detroit, MI
    • General Motors Corporation (1999) Freeze-protecting a fuel cell by vacuum drying. US Patent 6, 358, 637 , Detroit, MI.
    • (1999) Freeze-protecting a fuel cell by vacuum drying
  • 324
    • 79957610059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy Partners LC. Patent WO/2000/065676 , Palm Beach FL (US)
    • Energy Partners LC (2000) Freeze tolerant fuel cell system and method. Patent WO/2000/065676 , Palm Beach FL (US).
    • (2000) Freeze tolerant fuel cell system and method
  • 329
    • 36549084024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of resided water effects on PEM fuel cell after cold start
    • Hou, J., Yi, B., Yu, H., Hao, L., Song, W., Fu, Y., and Shao, Z. (2007) Investigation of resided water effects on PEM fuel cell after cold start. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 32 (17), 4503-4509.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.32 , Issue.17 , pp. 4503-4509
    • Hou, J.1    Yi, B.2    Yu, H.3    Hao, L.4    Song, W.5    Fu, Y.6    Shao, Z.7
  • 330
    • 33947180961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of subzero startup and water/ice formation on the catalyst layer in a PEMFC
    • Ge, S. and Wang, C.Y. (2007) Characteristics of subzero startup and water/ice formation on the catalyst layer in a PEMFC. Electrochim. Acta, 52 (14), 4825-4835.
    • (2007) Electrochim. Acta , vol.52 , Issue.14 , pp. 4825-4835
    • Ge, S.1    Wang, C.Y.2
  • 331
    • 48249121079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water removal from a PEFC during gas purge
    • Tajiri, K., Wang, C.-Y., and Tabuchi, Y. (2008) Water removal from a PEFC during gas purge. Electrochim. Acta, 53 (22), 6337-6343.
    • (2008) Electrochim. Acta , vol.53 , Issue.22 , pp. 6337-6343
    • Tajiri, K.1    Wang, C.-Y.2    Tabuchi, Y.3
  • 334
    • 0035976474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology up date and new strategies on fuel cells
    • Cacciola, G., Antonucci, V., and Freni, S. (2001) Technology up date and new strategies on fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 100 (1-2), 67-79.
    • (2001) J. Power Sources , vol.100 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 67-79
    • Cacciola, G.1    Antonucci, V.2    Freni, S.3
  • 335
    • 77957033436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trends in PEM fuel cell-powered hybrid systems: investigation of application areas, design architectures and energy management approaches
    • Erdinc, O. and Uzunoglu, M. (2010) Recent trends in PEM fuel cell-powered hybrid systems: investigation of application areas, design architectures and energy management approaches. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 14 (9), 2874-2884.
    • (2010) Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , vol.14 , Issue.9 , pp. 2874-2884
    • Erdinc, O.1    Uzunoglu, M.2
  • 336
    • 24944517057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switching to a U.S. hydrogen fuel cell vehicle fleet: the resultant change in emissions, energy use, and greenhouse gases
    • Colella, W.G., Jacobson, M.Z., and Golden, D.M. (2005) Switching to a U.S. hydrogen fuel cell vehicle fleet: the resultant change in emissions, energy use, and greenhouse gases. J. Power Sources, 150, 150-181.
    • (2005) J. Power Sources , vol.150 , pp. 150-181
    • Colella, W.G.1    Jacobson, M.Z.2    Golden, D.M.3
  • 337
    • 0035263620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of the art of multi-fuel reformers for fuel cell vehicles: problem identification and research needs
    • Pettersson, L.J. and Westerholm, R. (2001) State of the art of multi-fuel reformers for fuel cell vehicles: problem identification and research needs. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 26 (3), 243-264.
    • (2001) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-264
    • Pettersson, L.J.1    Westerholm, R.2
  • 338
    • 34250342625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems
    • Wee, J.H. (2007) Applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 11 (8), 1720-1738.
    • (2007) Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 1720-1738
    • Wee, J.H.1
  • 339
    • 58549112568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of hydrogen-opportunities and challenges
    • Ball, M. and Wietschel, M. (2009) The future of hydrogen-opportunities and challenges. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34 (2), 615-627.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 615-627
    • Ball, M.1    Wietschel, M.2
  • 340
    • 84886075518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Report DOE/GO-102010-2080, (accessed September 2 2010)
    • Vincent, B., Gangi, J. Curtin, S., and Delmon, E. (2010). 2008 Fuel Cell Technologies Market report. Technical Report DOE/GO-102010-2080, pp. 1-26. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/48219.pdf, (accessed September 2 2010).
    • (2010) 2008 Fuel Cell Technologies Market report , pp. 1-26
    • Vincent, B.1    Gangi, J.2    Curtin, S.3    Delmon, E.4
  • 341
    • 77957371913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full Fuel-cycle Comparison of Forklift Propulsion Systems
    • (accessed September 2 2010)
    • Gaines, L.L., Elgowainy, A., and Wang, M.Q. (2008) Full Fuel-cycle Comparison of Forklift Propulsion Systems, Technical Report ANL/ESD/08-3, pp. 1-28. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/ forklift_anl_esd.pdf, (accessed September 2 2010).
    • (2008) Technical Report ANL/ESD/08-3 , pp. 1-28
    • Gaines, L.L.1    Elgowainy, A.2    Wang, M.Q.3
  • 342
    • 77956407581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the market for diesel PEMFC auxiliary power units onboard long-haul trucks and of its implications for the large-scale adoption of PEMFCs
    • Contestabile, M. (2010) Analysis of the market for diesel PEMFC auxiliary power units onboard long-haul trucks and of its implications for the large-scale adoption of PEMFCs. Energy Policy, 38 (10), 5320-5334.
    • (2010) Energy Policy , vol.38 , Issue.10 , pp. 5320-5334
    • Contestabile, M.1
  • 343
    • 33748626520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techno-economic analysis of fuel cell auxiliary power units as alternative to idling
    • Jain, S., Chen, H.-Y., and Schwank, J. (2006) Techno-economic analysis of fuel cell auxiliary power units as alternative to idling. J. Power Sources, 160 (1), 474-484.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.160 , Issue.1 , pp. 474-484
    • Jain, S.1    Chen, H.-Y.2    Schwank, J.3
  • 344
    • 41549167612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation of hydrogen passenger trains
    • Haseli, Y., Naterer, G.F., and Dincer, I. (2008) Comparative assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation of hydrogen passenger trains. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 33 (7), 1788-1796.
    • (2008) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.33 , Issue.7 , pp. 1788-1796
    • Haseli, Y.1    Naterer, G.F.2    Dincer, I.3
  • 347
    • 30944448237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability modeling and analysis of stand-alone PEM fuel cell power plants
    • Tanrioven, M. and Alam, M.S. (2006) Reliability modeling and analysis of stand-alone PEM fuel cell power plants. Renew. Energy, 31 (7), 915-933.
    • (2006) Renew. Energy , vol.31 , Issue.7 , pp. 915-933
    • Tanrioven, M.1    Alam, M.S.2
  • 348
    • 4544299097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portable fuel cell systems for America's army: technology transition to the field
    • Patil, A.S., Dubois, T.G., Sifer, N., Bostic, E., Gardner, K., Quah, M., and Bolton, C. (2004) Portable fuel cell systems for America's army: technology transition to the field. J. Power Sources, 136 (2), 220-225.
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.136 , Issue.2 , pp. 220-225
    • Patil, A.S.1    Dubois, T.G.2    Sifer, N.3    Bostic, E.4    Gardner, K.5    Quah, M.6    Bolton, C.7
  • 349
    • 68949166161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuel cells: history and updating, A walk along two centuries
    • Andujar, J.M. and Segura, F. (2009) Fuel cells: history and updating. A walk along two centuries. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 13 (9), 2309-2322.
    • (2009) Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , vol.13 , Issue.9 , pp. 2309-2322
    • Andujar, J.M.1    Segura, F.2
  • 351
    • 56049125230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2W power source based on air-hydrogen polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and water-aluminum hydrogen micro-generator
    • Shkolnikov, E., Vlaskin, M., Iljukhin, A., Zhuk, A., and Sheindlin, A. (2008) 2W power source based on air-hydrogen polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and water-aluminum hydrogen micro-generator. J. Power Sources, 185 (2), 967-972.
    • (2008) J. Power Sources , vol.185 , Issue.2 , pp. 967-972
    • Shkolnikov, E.1    Vlaskin, M.2    Iljukhin, A.3    Zhuk, A.4    Sheindlin, A.5
  • 352
    • 67349110156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of a PEM fuel cell system for residential application
    • Gencoglu, M.T. and Ural, Z. (2009) Design of a PEM fuel cell system for residential application. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34 (12), 5242-5248.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.34 , Issue.12 , pp. 5242-5248
    • Gencoglu, M.T.1    Ural, Z.2
  • 353
    • 34247391159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic behavior of PEMFCPPs under various load conditions and voltage stability analysis for stand-alone residential applications
    • Uzunoglu, M., Onar, O.C., and Alam, M.S. (2007) Dynamic behavior of PEMFCPPs under various load conditions and voltage stability analysis for stand-alone residential applications. J. Power Sources, 168 (1), 240-250.
    • (2007) J. Power Sources , vol.168 , Issue.1 , pp. 240-250
    • Uzunoglu, M.1    Onar, O.C.2    Alam, M.S.3
  • 354
    • 17644417067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of CO2 emissions reductions through introduction of stationary-type PEMFC systems in Japan
    • Nagata, Y. (2005) Quantitative analysis of CO2 emissions reductions through introduction of stationary-type PEMFC systems in Japan. Energy, 30 (14), 2636-2653.
    • (2005) Energy , vol.30 , Issue.14 , pp. 2636-2653
    • Nagata, Y.1
  • 356
    • 35248855893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen infrastructure for the transport sector
    • Agnolucci, P. (2007) Hydrogen infrastructure for the transport sector. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 32 (15), 3526-3544.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.32 , Issue.15 , pp. 3526-3544
    • Agnolucci, P.1
  • 359
    • 75749104043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of metallic bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cells by rubber pad forming
    • Liu, Y. and Hua, L. (2010) Fabrication of metallic bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cells by rubber pad forming. J. Power Sources, 195 (11), 3529-3535.
    • (2010) J. Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.11 , pp. 3529-3535
    • Liu, Y.1    Hua, L.2
  • 360
    • 48949117591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in the US DOE fuel cell subprogram efforts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • Marcinkoski, J., Kopasz, J.P., and Benjamin, T.G. (2008) Progress in the US DOE fuel cell subprogram efforts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 33 (14), 3894-3902.
    • (2008) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.33 , Issue.14 , pp. 3894-3902
    • Marcinkoski, J.1    Kopasz, J.P.2    Benjamin, T.G.3
  • 361
    • 2342619571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass production cost of PEM fuel cell by learning curve
    • Tsuchiya, H. and Kobayashi, O. (2004) Mass production cost of PEM fuel cell by learning curve. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 29 (10), 985-990.
    • (2004) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 985-990
    • Tsuchiya, H.1    Kobayashi, O.2
  • 362
    • 84886034371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Environmental Protection Agency website
    • (a) United States Environmental Protection Agency website, Diesel Truck Anti-idling Campaign, http://www.epa.gov/region8/ej/ ejinitiatives.html.
    • Diesel Truck Anti-idling Campaign
  • 363
    • 84886069710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Environmental Protection Agency website, Technologies, Strategies and Policies: Idling Reduction, (accessed January 25 2010)
    • (b) United States Environmental Protection Agency website, Technologies, Strategies and Policies: Idling Reduction, http://www.epa.gov/otaq/smartway/ transport/what-smartway/ idling-reduction-tech.htm (accessed January 25 2010).
  • 364
    • 84886060973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commission of the European Communities Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Type-approval of Motor Vehicles and Engines with Respect to Emissions from Heavy Duty Vehicles (EuroVI) and on Access to Vehicle Repair and Maintenance Information, Brussels, 21 December 2007, COM, 851 final (accessed January 25 2010)
    • Commission of the European Communities (2007)Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Type-approval of Motor Vehicles and Engines with Respect to Emissions from Heavy Duty Vehicles (EuroVI) and on Access to Vehicle Repair and Maintenance Information, Brussels, 21 December 2007, COM, 851 final. http://www.r2rc.eu/ documents/EuroVI_Draft_Regulation_en.pdf (accessed January 25 2010).
    • (2007)
  • 365
    • 10844267521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle assessment of fuel cell-based APUs
    • Baratto, F. and Diweka, U.M. (2005) Life cycle assessment of fuel cell-based APUs. J. Power Sources, 139 (1-2), 188-196.
    • (2005) J. Power Sources , vol.139 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 188-196
    • Baratto, F.1    Diweka, U.M.2
  • 366
    • 75049083297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Static and dynamic modeling of a diesel fed fuel cell power supply
    • Chrenko, D., Lecoq, S., Herail, E., Hissel, D., and Péra, M.C. (2010) Static and dynamic modeling of a diesel fed fuel cell power supply. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 (3), 1377-1389.
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 1377-1389
    • Chrenko, D.1    Lecoq, S.2    Herail, E.3    Hissel, D.4    Péra, M.C.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.