메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 152, Issue 1-2, 2005, Pages 1-15

Recent development of non-platinum catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Author keywords

Molecular level assembly; Nano scale materials; Non platinum based; Oxygen reduction reaction; PEM fuel cell cathode

Indexed keywords

CATHODES; FUEL CELLS; OXYGEN; REDUCTION;

EID: 28144443225     PISSN: 03787753     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.05.098     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (813)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 85070153617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a general review of fuel cell vehicle technology, please visit Fuel Economy Agency Website at www.fueleconomy.gov.
  • 2
    • 0033894323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocatalytic activity of ruthenium for oxygen reduction in alkaline solution
    • J. Prakash, and H. Joachin Electrocatalytic activity of ruthenium for oxygen reduction in alkaline solution Electrochim. Acta 45 2000 2289 2296
    • (2000) Electrochim. Acta , vol.45 , pp. 2289-2296
    • Prakash, J.1    Joachin, H.2
  • 4
    • 0141855063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 on gold surfaces: Effect of steps and strain
    • 2 on gold surfaces: effect of steps and strain J. Phys. Chem. B 107 2003 9298 9307
    • (2003) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.107 , pp. 9298-9307
    • Xu, Y.1    Mavrikakis, M.2
  • 6
    • 17044378174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of molecularly chemisorbed oxygen on TiO2-supported gold nanoclusters and Au(1 1 1) from exposure to an oxygen plasma jet
    • J.D. Stiehl, T.S. Kim, S.M. McClure, C.B. Mullins, Formation of molecularly chemisorbed oxygen on TiO2-supported gold nanoclusters and Au(1 1 1) from exposure to an oxygen plasma jet, J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 6316-6322.
    • (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.109 , pp. 6316-6322
    • Stiehl, J.D.1    Kim, T.S.2    McClure, S.M.3    Mullins, C.B.4
  • 7
    • 3242744454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metal ad-layers on Au(1 1 1) electrodes on electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen in an alkaline solution
    • S.B. Aoun, Z. Dursun, T. Sotomura, and I. Taniguchi Effect of metal ad-layers on Au(1 1 1) electrodes on electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen in an alkaline solution Electrochem. Commun. 6 2004 747 752
    • (2004) Electrochem. Commun. , vol.6 , pp. 747-752
    • Aoun, S.B.1    Dursun, Z.2    Sotomura, T.3    Taniguchi, I.4
  • 8
    • 11844276006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic guidelines for the design of bimetallic catalysts for oxygen electroreduction and rapid screening by scanning electrochemical microscopy. M-Co (M:Pd, Ag, Au)
    • J.L. Fernández, D.A. Walsh, and A.J. Bard Thermodynamic guidelines for the design of bimetallic catalysts for oxygen electroreduction and rapid screening by scanning electrochemical microscopy. M-Co (M:Pd, Ag, Au) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 2005 357 365
    • (2005) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.127 , pp. 357-365
    • Fernández, J.L.1    Walsh, D.A.2    Bard, A.J.3
  • 9
    • 10644247552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen reduction at electrochemically deposited crystallographically oriented Au(1 0 0)-like gold nanoparticles
    • M.S. El-Deab, T. Sotomura, and T. Ohsaka Oxygen reduction at electrochemically deposited crystallographically oriented Au(1 0 0)-like gold nanoparticles Electrochem. Commun. 7 2005 29 34
    • (2005) Electrochem. Commun. , vol.7 , pp. 29-34
    • El-Deab, M.S.1    Sotomura, T.2    Ohsaka, T.3
  • 11
    • 3242766196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen to water at Au nanoclusters vacuum-evaporated on boron-doped diamond in acidic solution
    • I. Yagi, T. Ishida, and K. Uosaki Electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen to water at Au nanoclusters vacuum-evaporated on boron-doped diamond in acidic solution Electrochem. Commun. 6 2004 773 779
    • (2004) Electrochem. Commun. , vol.6 , pp. 773-779
    • Yagi, I.1    Ishida, T.2    Uosaki, K.3
  • 12
    • 0038121443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple preparation method of Pd nanoparticles on an Au electrode and its catalysis for dioxygen reduction
    • Y. Shen, L. Bi, B. Liu, and S. Dong Simple preparation method of Pd nanoparticles on an Au electrode and its catalysis for dioxygen reduction New J. Chem. 27 2003 938 941
    • (2003) New J. Chem. , vol.27 , pp. 938-941
    • Shen, Y.1    Bi, L.2    Liu, B.3    Dong, S.4
  • 13
    • 13644256040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocatalytic reactivity for oxygen reduction of palladium-modified carbon nanotubes synthesized in supercritical fluid
    • Y. Lin, X. Cui, and X. Ye Electrocatalytic reactivity for oxygen reduction of palladium-modified carbon nanotubes synthesized in supercritical fluid Electrochem. Commun. 7 2005 267 274
    • (2005) Electrochem. Commun. , vol.7 , pp. 267-274
    • Lin, Y.1    Cui, X.2    Ye, X.3
  • 14
    • 3142724147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroreduction of dioxygen (ORR) in alkaline medium on Ag/C and Pt/C nanostructured catalysts-effect of the presence of methanol
    • L. Demarconnay, C. Coutanceau, and J.M. Léger Electroreduction of dioxygen (ORR) in alkaline medium on Ag/C and Pt/C nanostructured catalysts-effect of the presence of methanol Electrochim. Acta 49 2004 4513 4521
    • (2004) Electrochim. Acta , vol.49 , pp. 4513-4521
    • Demarconnay, L.1    Coutanceau, C.2    Léger, J.M.3
  • 15
    • 34249908045 scopus 로고
    • Energy conversion catalysis using semiconducting transition metal cluster compounds
    • N.A. Vante, and H. Tributsch Energy conversion catalysis using semiconducting transition metal cluster compounds Nature 323 1986 431 432
    • (1986) Nature , vol.323 , pp. 431-432
    • Vante, N.A.1    Tributsch, H.2
  • 18
    • 1842610475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation preference of oxygen molecules on an inhomogeneously strained Cu(0 0 1) surface
    • S. Ohno, K. Yagyuu, K. Nakatsuji, and F. Komori Dissociation preference of oxygen molecules on an inhomogeneously strained Cu(0 0 1) surface Surf. Sci. 554 2004 183 192
    • (2004) Surf. Sci. , vol.554 , pp. 183-192
    • Ohno, S.1    Yagyuu, K.2    Nakatsuji, K.3    Komori, F.4
  • 19
    • 0035818114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The kinetics of the reaction of gaseous hydrogen atoms with oxygen on Cu(1 1 1) surfaces toward water
    • Th. Kammler, and J. Küppers The kinetics of the reaction of gaseous hydrogen atoms with oxygen on Cu(1 1 1) surfaces toward water J. Phys. Chem. B 105 2001 8369 8374
    • (2001) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.105 , pp. 8369-8374
    • Kammler, Th.1    Küppers, J.2
  • 20
    • 0035919008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of gaseous hydrogen atoms with oxygen covered Cu(1 0 0) surfaces
    • D. Kolovos-Vellianitis, Th. Kammler, and J. Küppers Interaction of gaseous hydrogen atoms with oxygen covered Cu(1 0 0) surfaces Surf. Sci. 482-485 2001 166 170
    • (2001) Surf. Sci. , vol.482-485 , pp. 166-170
    • Kolovos-Vellianitis, D.1    Kammler, Th.2    Küppers, J.3
  • 21
    • 0038739124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of abstraction of D and O on Cu(1 1 0) surfaces by gaseous H atoms
    • D. Kolovos-Vellianitis, and J. Küppers Kinetics of abstraction of D and O on Cu(1 1 0) surfaces by gaseous H atoms J. Phys. Chem. B 107 2003 2559 2564
    • (2003) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.107 , pp. 2559-2564
    • Kolovos-Vellianitis, D.1    Küppers, J.2
  • 22
    • 0346991632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 exposure: UPS and MIES studies compared with Monte Carlo simulations
    • 2 exposure: UPS and MIES studies compared with Monte Carlo simulations Surf. Sci. 548 2004 83 94
    • (2004) Surf. Sci. , vol.548 , pp. 83-94
    • Lescop, B.1    Jay, J.Ph.2    Fanjoux, G.3
  • 23
    • 6344221870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen reduction on anodically formed titanium dioxide
    • S.V. Mentus Oxygen reduction on anodically formed titanium dioxide Electrochim. Acta 50 2004 27 32
    • (2004) Electrochim. Acta , vol.50 , pp. 27-32
    • Mentus, S.V.1
  • 25
    • 2942529284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability and electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction in WC + Ta catalyst
    • K. Lee, A. Ishihara, S. Mitsushima, N. Kamiya, and K. Ota Stability and electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction in WC + Ta catalyst Electrochim. Acta 49 2004 3479 3485
    • (2004) Electrochim. Acta , vol.49 , pp. 3479-3485
    • Lee, K.1    Ishihara, A.2    Mitsushima, S.3    Kamiya, N.4    Ota, K.5
  • 26
    • 0842290058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reverse micelle assisted dispersion of lanthanum manganite on carbon support for oxygen reduction cathode
    • M. Hayashi, H. Uemura, K. Shimanoe, N. Miura, and N. Yamazoe Reverse micelle assisted dispersion of lanthanum manganite on carbon support for oxygen reduction cathode J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 2004 A158 A163
    • (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.151
    • Hayashi, M.1    Uemura, H.2    Shimanoe, K.3    Miura, N.4    Yamazoe, N.5
  • 28
    • 0037442976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton-coupled O-O activation on a redox platform bearing a hydrogen-bonding scaffold
    • C.J. Chang, L.L. Chng, and D.G. Nocera Proton-coupled O-O activation on a redox platform bearing a hydrogen-bonding scaffold J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 2003 1866 1876
    • (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.125 , pp. 1866-1876
    • Chang, C.J.1    Chng, L.L.2    Nocera, D.G.3
  • 29
    • 0034617877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocatalytic four-electron reduction of oxygen to water by a highly flexible cofacial cobalt bisporphyrin
    • C.J. Chang, Y. Deng, C. Shi, C.K. Chang, F.C. Anson, and D.G. Nocera Electrocatalytic four-electron reduction of oxygen to water by a highly flexible cofacial cobalt bisporphyrin Chem. Commun. 2000 1355 1356
    • (2000) Chem. Commun. , pp. 1355-1356
    • Chang, C.J.1    Deng, Y.2    Shi, C.3    Chang, C.K.4    Anson, F.C.5    Nocera, D.G.6
  • 30
    • 4043155538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted proton delivery in the catalyzed reduction of oxygen to water by bimetallic Pacman porphyrins
    • C.J. Chang, Z.-H. Loh, C. Shi, F.C. Anson, and D.G. Nocera Targeted proton delivery in the catalyzed reduction of oxygen to water by bimetallic Pacman porphyrins J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 2004 10013 10020
    • (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.126 , pp. 10013-10020
    • Chang, C.J.1    Loh, Z.-H.2    Shi, C.3    Anson, F.C.4    Nocera, D.G.5
  • 31
    • 4143100225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water by ferrocene derivatives in the presence of perchloric acid in benzonitrile, catalyzed by cofacial dicobalt poyphyrins
    • S. Fukuzumi, K. Okamoto, C.P. Gros, and R. Guilard Mechanism of four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water by ferrocene derivatives in the presence of perchloric acid in benzonitrile, catalyzed by cofacial dicobalt poyphyrins J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 2004 10441 10449
    • (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.126 , pp. 10441-10449
    • Fukuzumi, S.1    Okamoto, K.2    Gros, C.P.3    Guilard, R.4
  • 33
    • 0034637013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meso-Tetrakis(4-N-benzylpyridyl)-porphyrin and its supramolecular complexes formed with anionic metal-oxo cluster: Spectroscopy and electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen
    • S.-Q. Liu, J.-Q. Xu, H.-R. Sun, and D.-M. Li meso-Tetrakis(4-N-benzylpyridyl)-porphyrin and its supramolecular complexes formed with anionic metal-oxo cluster: spectroscopy and electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen Inorg. Chim. Acta 306 2000 87 93
    • (2000) Inorg. Chim. Acta , vol.306 , pp. 87-93
    • Liu, S.-Q.1    Xu, J.-Q.2    Sun, H.-R.3    Li, D.-M.4
  • 34
    • 0141972588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of a metallopoyphyrin-polyoxometalate hybrid film by a layer-by-layer method and its catalysis for hydrogen evolution and dioxygen reduction
    • Y. Shen, J. Liu, J. Jiang, B. Liu, and S. Dong Fabrication of a metallopoyphyrin-polyoxometalate hybrid film by a layer-by-layer method and its catalysis for hydrogen evolution and dioxygen reduction J. Phys. Chem. B 107 2003 9744 9748
    • (2003) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.107 , pp. 9744-9748
    • Shen, Y.1    Liu, J.2    Jiang, J.3    Liu, B.4    Dong, S.5
  • 36
    • 3042737066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supramolecular tetracluster-cobalt porphyrin: A four-electron transfer catalyst for dioxygen reduction
    • H. Winnischofer, V.Y. Otake, S. Dovidauskas, M. Nakanura, H.E. Toma, and K. Araki Supramolecular tetracluster-cobalt porphyrin: a four-electron transfer catalyst for dioxygen reduction Electrochim. Acta 49 2004 3711 3718
    • (2004) Electrochim. Acta , vol.49 , pp. 3711-3718
    • Winnischofer, H.1    Otake, V.Y.2    Dovidauskas, S.3    Nakanura, M.4    Toma, H.E.5    Araki, K.6
  • 37
    • 0037124004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charge transfer at electrostatically assembled tetraruthenated porphyrin modified electrodes
    • J.R.C. da Rocha, G.J.F. Demets, M. Bertotti, K. Araki, and H.E. Toma Charge transfer at electrostatically assembled tetraruthenated porphyrin modified electrodes J. Electroanal. Chem. 526 2002 69 76
    • (2002) J. Electroanal. Chem. , vol.526 , pp. 69-76
    • Da Rocha, J.R.C.1    Demets, G.J.F.2    Bertotti, M.3    Araki, K.4    Toma, H.E.5
  • 39
    • 0035973877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactivity of electrodes modified with substituted metallophthalocyanines. Correlations with redox potentials, Hammett parameters and donor-acceptor intermolecular hardness
    • G.I. Cárdenas-Jirón, M.A. Gulppi, C.A. Caro, R. del Río, M. Páez, and J.H. Zagal Reactivity of electrodes modified with substituted metallophthalocyanines. Correlations with redox potentials, Hammett parameters and donor-acceptor intermolecular hardness Electrochim. Acta 46 2001 3227 3235
    • (2001) Electrochim. Acta , vol.46 , pp. 3227-3235
    • Cárdenas-Jirón, G.I.1    Gulppi, M.A.2    Caro, C.A.3    Del Río, R.4    Páez, M.5    Zagal, J.H.6
  • 41
    • 0038546792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 of metallophthalocyanines on Au(1 1 1): In situ scanning tunnelling microscopy study
    • 2 of metallophthalocyanines on Au(1 1 1): in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy study J. Phys. Chem. B 107 2003 5836 5843
    • (2003) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.107 , pp. 5836-5843
    • Yoshimoto, S.1    Tada, A.2    Suto, K.3    Itaya, K.4
  • 51
    • 0037774509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen activation by nonheme iron(II) complexes: α-keto carboxylate versus carboxylate
    • M.P. Mehn, K. Fujisawa, E.L. Hegg, and L. Que Jr. Oxygen activation by nonheme iron(II) complexes: α-keto carboxylate versus carboxylate J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 2003 7828 7842
    • (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.125 , pp. 7828-7842
    • Mehn, M.P.1    Fujisawa, K.2    Hegg, E.L.3    Que Jr., L.4
  • 52
    • 0033279470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat-treated iron(III) tetramethoxyphenyl porphyrin chloride supported on high-area carbon as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction: Part 3, detection of hydrogen-peroxide during oxygen reduction
    • S.Lj. Gojković, S. Gupta, and R.F. Savinell Heat-treated iron(III) tetramethoxyphenyl porphyrin chloride supported on high-area carbon as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction: part 3, detection of hydrogen-peroxide during oxygen reduction Electrochim. Acta 45 1999 889 897
    • (1999) Electrochim. Acta , vol.45 , pp. 889-897
    • Gojković, S.Lj.1    Gupta, S.2    Savinell, R.F.3
  • 53
    • 0037137452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On active-site heterogeneity in pyrolyzed carbon-supported iron poyphyrin catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen: An in situ Mössbauer study
    • A.L. Bouwkamp-Wijnoltz, W. Visscher, J.A.R. van Veen, E. Boellaard, and A.M. van der Kraan On active-site heterogeneity in pyrolyzed carbon-supported iron poyphyrin catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen: an in situ Mössbauer study J. Phys. Chem. B 106 2002 12993 13001
    • (2002) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.106 , pp. 12993-13001
    • Bouwkamp-Wijnoltz, A.L.1    Visscher, W.2    Van Veen, J.A.R.3    Boellaard, E.4    Van Der Kraan, A.M.5
  • 54
    • 0034735819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 reduction in PEM fuel cells: Activity and active site structural information for catalysts obtained by the pyrolysis at high temperature of Fe precursors
    • 2 reduction in PEM fuel cells: activity and active site structural information for catalysts obtained by the pyrolysis at high temperature of Fe precursors J. Phys. Chem. B 104 2000 11238 11247
    • (2000) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.104 , pp. 11238-11247
    • Lefèvre, M.1    Dodelet, J.P.2    Bertrand, P.3
  • 55
    • 0037195001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular oxygen reduction in PEM fuel cells: Evidence for the simultaneous presence of two active sites in Fe-based catalysts
    • M. Lefèvre, J.P. Dodelet, and P. Bertrand Molecular oxygen reduction in PEM fuel cells: evidence for the simultaneous presence of two active sites in Fe-based catalysts J. Phys. Chem. B 106 2002 8705 8713
    • (2002) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.106 , pp. 8705-8713
    • Lefèvre, M.1    Dodelet, J.P.2    Bertrand, P.3
  • 56
    • 0037434804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen reduction catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells from the pyrolysis of iron acetate adsorbed on various carbon supports
    • F. Jaouen, S. Marcotte, J.P. Dodelet, and G. Lindbergh Oxygen reduction catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells from the pyrolysis of iron acetate adsorbed on various carbon supports J. Phys. Chem. B 107 2003 1376 1386
    • (2003) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.107 , pp. 1376-1386
    • Jaouen, F.1    Marcotte, S.2    Dodelet, J.P.3    Lindbergh, G.4
  • 57
    • 4944248435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fe-based catalysts for oxygen reduction in PEM fuel cells, pre-treatment of the carbon support
    • D. Villers, X. Jacques-Bédard, and J.P. Dodelet Fe-based catalysts for oxygen reduction in PEM fuel cells, pre-treatment of the carbon support J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 2004 A1507 A1515
    • (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.151
    • Villers, D.1    Jacques-Bédard, X.2    Dodelet, J.P.3
  • 58
    • 4143135224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct preparation of carbon nanofiber electrodes via pyrolysis of iron(II) phthalocyanine: Electrocatalytic aspects for oxygen reduction
    • S. Maldonado, and K.J. Stevenson Direct preparation of carbon nanofiber electrodes via pyrolysis of iron(II) phthalocyanine: electrocatalytic aspects for oxygen reduction J. Phys. Chem. B 108 2004 11375 11383
    • (2004) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.108 , pp. 11375-11383
    • Maldonado, S.1    Stevenson, K.J.2
  • 59
    • 2942525321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat-treated transition metal hexacyanometallates as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction insensitive to methanol
    • K. Sawai, and N. Suzuki Heat-treated transition metal hexacyanometallates as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction insensitive to methanol J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 2004 A682 A688
    • (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.151
    • Sawai, K.1    Suzuki, N.2
  • 60
    • 1842474348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEM fuel cell electrodes
    • S. Ltster, and G. MLean PEM fuel cell electrodes J. Power Sources 130 2004 61 76
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.130 , pp. 61-76
    • Ltster, S.1    Mlean, G.2
  • 62
    • 10644268525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen reduction on oxide/polypyrrole composite electrode: Effect of doping anions
    • H. Nguyen-Cong, K. El Abbassi, J.L. Gautier, and P. Chartier Oxygen reduction on oxide/polypyrrole composite electrode: effect of doping anions Electrochim. Acta 50 2005 1369 1376
    • (2005) Electrochim. Acta , vol.50 , pp. 1369-1376
    • Nguyen-Cong, H.1    El Abbassi, K.2    Gautier, J.L.3    Chartier, P.4
  • 64
    • 19944398165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocatalysis of peroxide reduction by Au-stabilized, Fe-containing poly(vinylpyridine) films
    • J. Kim, A.A. Gewirth, Electrocatalysis of peroxide reduction by Au-stabilized, Fe-containing poly(vinylpyridine) films, J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 9684-9690.
    • (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.109 , pp. 9684-9690
    • Kim, J.1    Gewirth, A.A.2
  • 65
    • 1842426348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective utilization of nanospaces in activated carbon for enhancing catalytic activity in fuel cell electrodes
    • J. Maruyama, and I. Abe Effective utilization of nanospaces in activated carbon for enhancing catalytic activity in fuel cell electrodes J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 2004 A47 A451
    • (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc. , vol.151
    • Maruyama, J.1    Abe, I.2
  • 66
    • 2342582919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analytical approach on effect of diffusion layer on ORR for PEMFCs
    • J. Mirzazadeh, E. Saievar-Iranizad, and L. Nahavandi An analytical approach on effect of diffusion layer on ORR for PEMFCs J. Power Sources 131 2004 194 199
    • (2004) J. Power Sources , vol.131 , pp. 194-199
    • Mirzazadeh, J.1    Saievar-Iranizad, E.2    Nahavandi, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.