Microparticles in health and disease

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Volumn 27, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 1020-1033

  Herring, J M ^a   Mcmichael, M A ^a   Smith, S A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

Coagulation; Endothelium; Phospholipid; Platelets; Vesicles

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

ANIMAL; BLOOD; MEMBRANE MICROPARTICLE; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CELL-DERIVED MICROPARTICLES;

EID: 84884205577     PISSN: 08916640     EISSN: 19391676     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12128     Document Type: Article

References (180)

1. Rubin O, Crettaz D, Tissot JD, et al. Microparticles in stored red blood cells: Submicron clotting bombs? Blood Transfus 2010;8(Suppl 3):s31-s38.
2. Diamant M, Tushuizen ME, Sturk A, et al. Cellular microparticles: New players in the field of vascular disease? Eur J Clin Invest 2004;34:392-401.
3. Simak J, Gelderman MP. Cell membrane microparticles in blood and blood products: Potentially pathogenic agents and diagnostic markers. Transfus Med Rev 2006;20:1-26.
4. Dumaswala UJ, Greenwalt TJ. Human erythrocytes shed exocytic vesicles in vivo. Transfusion 1984;24:490-492.
5. McFaul SJ, Corley JB, Mester CW, et al. Packed blood cells stored in AS-5 become proinflammatory during storage. Transfusion 2009;49:1451-1460.
6. Jy W, Ricci M, Shariatmadar S, et al. Microparticles in stored red blood cells as potential mediators of transfusion complications. Transfusion 2011;51:886-893.
7. Kozuma Y, Sawahata Y, Takei Y, et al. Procoagulant properties of microparticles released from red blood cells in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Br J Haematol 2011;152:631-639.
8. Burnier L, Fontana P, Kwak BR, et al. Cell-derived microparticles in haemostasis and vascular medicine. Thromb Haemost 2009;101:439-451.
9. Horstman LL, Jy W, Bidot CJ, et al. Potential roles of cell-derived microparticles in ischemic brain disease. Neurol Res 2009;31:799-806.
10. Leroyer AS, Anfosso F, Lacroix R, et al. Endothelial-derived microparticles: Biological conveyors at the crossroad of inflammation, thrombosis and angiogenesis. Thromb Haemost 2010;104:456-463.
11. Zwaal RF, Schroit AJ. Pathophysiologic implications of membrane phospholipid asymmetry in blood cells. Blood 1997;89:1121-1132.
12. Combes V, Simon AC, Grau GE, et al. In vitro generation of endothelial microparticles and possible prothrombotic activity in patients with lupus anticoagulant. J Clin Invest 1999;104:93-102.
13. Puddu P, Puddu GM, Cravero E, et al. The involvement of circulating microparticles in inflammation, coagulation and cardiovascular diseases. Can J Cardiol 2010;26:140-145.
14. Martinez MC, Tual-Chalot S, Leonetti D, et al. Microparticles: Targets and tools in cardiovascular disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011;32:659-665.
15. Shah MD, Bergeron AL, Dong JF, et al. Flow cytometric measurement of microparticles: Pitfalls and protocol modifications. Platelets 2008;19:365-372.
16. Piccin A, Murphy WG, Smith OP. Circulating microparticles: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Blood Rev 2007;21:157-171.
17. 2+-activated cation channel required for lipid scrambling in platelets during blood coagulation. Cell 2012;151:111-122.
18. Morel O, Morel N, Jesel L, et al. Microparticles: A critical component in the nexus between inflammation, immunity, and thrombosis. Semin Immunopathol 2011;33:469-486.
19. Contreras FX, Sanchez-Magraner L, Alonso A, et al. Transbilayer (flip-flop) lipid motion and lipid scrambling in membranes. FEBS Lett 2010;584:1779-1786.
20. Suzuki J, Umeda M, Sims PJ, et al. Calcium-dependent phospholipid scrambling by TMEM16F. Nature 2010;468:834-838.
21. Brooks MB, Catalfamo JL, Brown HA, et al. A hereditary bleeding disorder of dogs caused by a lack of platelet procoagulant activity. Blood 2002;99:2434-2441.
22. Diaz C, Schroit AJ. Role of translocases in the generation of phosphatidylserine asymmetry. J Membr Biol 1996;151:1-9.
23. Smeets EF, Comfurius P, Bevers EM, et al. Calcium-induced transbilayer scrambling of fluorescent phospholipid analogs in platelets and erythrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994;1195:281-286.
24. McLaughlin PJ, Gooch JT, Mannherz HG, et al. Structure of gelsolin segment 1-actin complex and the mechanism of filament severing. Nature 1993;364:685-692.
25. Fox JE, Austin CD, Boyles JK, et al. Role of the membrane skeleton in preventing the shedding of procoagulant-rich microvesicles from the platelet plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 1990;111:483-493.
26. Banfi C, Brioschi M, Wait R, et al. Proteome of endothelial cell-derived procoagulant microparticles. Proteomics 2005;5:4443-4455.
27. Garcia BA, Smalley DM, Cho H, et al. The platelet microparticle proteome. J Proteome Res 2005;4:1516-1521.
28. Liu ML, Reilly MP, Casasanto P, et al. Cholesterol enrichment of human monocyte/macrophages induces surface exposure of phosphatidylserine and the release of biologically-active tissue factor-positive microvesicles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007;27:430-435.
29. Priou P, Gagnadoux F, Tesse A, et al. Endothelial dysfunction and circulating microparticles from patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Pathol 2010;177:974-983.
30. Tual-Chalot S, Guibert C, Muller B, et al. Circulating microparticles from pulmonary hypertensive rats induce endothelial dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010;182:261-268.
31. Morel O, Toti F, Hugel B, et al. Procoagulant microparticles: disrupting the vascular homeostasis equation? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006;26:2594-2604.
32. Mesri M, Altieri DC. Leukocyte microparticles stimulate endothelial cell cytokine release and tissue factor induction in a JNK1 signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 1999;274:23111-23118.
33. Brill A, Dashevsky O, Rivo J, et al. Platelet-derived microparticles induce angiogenesis and stimulate post-ischemic revascularization. Cardiovasc Res 2005;67:30-38.
34. Berckmans RJ, Nieuwland R, Boing AN, et al. Cell-derived microparticles circulate in healthy humans and support low grade thrombin generation. Thromb Haemost 2001;85:639-646.
35. Greenwalt TJ. The how and why of exocytic vesicles. Transfusion 2006;46:143-152.
36. Del CI, Shrimpton CN, Thiagarajan P, et al. Tissue-factor-bearing microvesicles arise from lipid rafts and fuse with activated platelets to initiate coagulation. Blood 2005;106:1604-1611.
37. Willekens FL, Werre JM, Kruijt JK, et al. Liver Kupffer cells rapidly remove red blood cell-derived vesicles from the circulation by scavenger receptors. Blood 2005;105:2141-2145.
38. Rubin O, Crettaz D, Canellini G, et al. Microparticles in stored red blood cells: An approach using flow cytometry and proteomic tools. Vox Sang 2008;95:288-297.
39. Bosman GJ, Werre JM, Willekens FL, et al. Erythrocyte ageing in vivo and in vitro: Structural aspects and implications for transfusion. Transfus Med 2008;18:335-347.
40. Willekens FL, Werre JM, Groenen-Dopp YA, et al. Erythrocyte vesiculation: A self-protective mechanism? Br J Haematol 2008;141:549-556.
41. Pakala R. Serotonin and thromboxane A2 stimulate platelet-derived microparticle-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cardiovasc Radiat Med 2004;5:20-26.
42. Holme PA, Orvim U, Hamers MJ, et al. Shear-induced platelet activation and platelet microparticle formation at blood flow conditions as in arteries with a severe stenosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:646-653.
43. Miyazaki Y, Nomura S, Miyake T, et al. High shear stress can initiate both platelet aggregation and shedding of procoagulant containing microparticles. Blood 1996;88:3456-3464.
44. Nomura S, Nakamura T, Cone J, et al. Cytometric analysis of high shear-induced platelet microparticles and effect of cytokines on microparticle generation. Cytometry 2000;40:173-181.
45. Barry OP, Pratico D, Lawson JA, et al. Transcellular activation of platelets and endothelial cells by bioactive lipids in platelet microparticles. J Clin Invest 1997;99:2118-2127.
46. Miyamoto S, Marcinkiewicz C, Edmunds LH Jr, et al. Measurement of platelet microparticles during cardiopulmonary bypass by means of captured ELISA for GPIIb/IIIa. Thromb Haemost 1998;80:225-230.
47. Barry OP, FitzGerald GA. Mechanisms of cellular activation by platelet microparticles. Thromb Haemost 1999;82:794-800.
48. Barry OP, Pratico D, Savani RC, et al. Modulation of monocyte-endothelial cell interactions by platelet microparticles. J Clin Invest 1998;102:136-144.
49. Forlow SB, McEver RP, Nollert MU. Leukocyte-leukocyte interactions mediated by platelet microparticles under flow. Blood 2000;95:1317-1323.
50. Brunetti M, Martelli N, Manarini S, et al. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte apoptosis is inhibited by platelet-released mediators, role of TGFbeta-1. Thromb Haemost 2000;84:478-483.
51. Barry OP, Kazanietz MG, Pratico D, et al. Arachidonic acid in platelet microparticles up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin formation via a protein kinase C/mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 1999;274:7545-7556.
52. Weber A, Koppen HO, Schror K. Platelet-derived microparticles stimulate coronary artery smooth muscle cell mitogenesis by a PDGF-independent mechanism. Thromb Res 2000;98:461-466.
53. Miyazono K, Okabe T, Urabe A, et al. A platelet factor that stimulates the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985;126:83-88.
54. Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Majka M, Pratico D, et al. Platelet-derived microparticles stimulate proliferation, survival, adhesion, and chemotaxis of hematopoietic cells. Exp Hematol 2002;30:450-459.
55. Tans G, Rosing J, Thomassen MC, et al. Comparison of anticoagulant and procoagulant activities of stimulated platelets and platelet-derived microparticles. Blood 1991;77:2641-2648.
56. Siljander P, Carpen O, Lassila R. Platelet-derived microparticles associate with fibrin during thrombosis. Blood 1996;87:4651-4663.
57. Mesri M, Altieri DC. Endothelial cell activation by leukocyte microparticles. J Immunol 1998;161:4382-4387.
58. Sims PJ, Wiedmer T. The response of human platelets to activated components of the complement system. Immunol Today 1991;12:338-342.
59. Robinson RA, Worfolk L, Tracy PB. Endotoxin enhances the expression of monocyte prothrombinase activity. Blood 1992;79:406-416.
60. Diehl P, Aleker M, Helbing T, et al. Increased platelet, leukocyte and endothelial microparticles predict enhanced coagulation and vascular inflammation in pulmonary hypertension. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2011;31:173-179.
61. Amabile N, Heiss C, Real WM, et al. Circulating endothelial microparticle levels predict hemodynamic severity of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:1268-1275.
62. Werner N, Wassmann S, Ahlers P, et al. Circulating CD31+/annexin V+ apoptotic microparticles correlate with coronary endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006;26:112-116.
63. Comfurius P, Bevers EM, Galli M, et al. Regulation of phospholipid asymmetry and induction of antiphospholipid antibodies. Lupus 1995;4(Suppl 1):S19-S22.
64. Bilyy RO, Shkandina T, Tomin A, et al. Macrophages discriminate glycosylation patterns of apoptotic cell-derived microparticles. J Biol Chem 2012;287:496-503.
65. Sims PJ, Faioni EM, Wiedmer T, et al. Complement proteins C5b-9 cause release of membrane vesicles from the platelet surface that are enriched in the membrane receptor for coagulation factor Va and express prothrombinase activity. J Biol Chem 1988;263:18205-18212.
66. Abid Hussein MN, Boing AN, Sturk A, et al. Inhibition of microparticle release triggers endothelial cell apoptosis and detachment. Thromb Haemost 2007;98:1096-1107.
67. Munoz LE, Lauber K, Schiller M, et al. The role of defective clearance of apoptotic cells in systemic autoimmunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010;6:280-289.
68. Macey MG, Wolf SI, Lawson C. Microparticle formation after exposure of blood to activated endothelium under flow. Cytometry A 2010;77:761-768.
69. Osterud B, Olsen JO, Bjorklid E. What is blood borne tissue factor? Thromb Res 2009;124:640-641.
70. Furie B, Furie BC. Thrombus formation in vivo. J Clin Invest 2005;115:3355-3362.
71. Furie B, Furie BC. Mechanisms of thrombus formation. N Engl J Med 2008;359:938-949.
72. Steppich B, Mattisek C, Sobczyk D, et al. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor on circulating microparticles in acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 2005;93:35-39.
73. Perez-Casal M, Downey C, Fukudome K, et al. Activated protein C induces the release of microparticle-associated endothelial protein C receptor. Blood 2005;105:1515-1522.
74. Horstman LL, Ahn YS. Platelet microparticles: A wide-angle perspective. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1999;30:111-142.
75. Sims PJ, Wiedmer T, Esmon CT, et al. Assembly of the platelet prothrombinase complex is linked to vesiculation of the platelet plasma membrane. Studies in Scott syndrome: An isolated defect in platelet procoagulant activity. J Biol Chem 1989;264:17049-17057.
76. Hamilton KK, Hattori R, Esmon CT, et al. Complement proteins C5b-9 induce vesiculation of the endothelial plasma membrane and expose catalytic surface for assembly of the prothrombinase enzyme complex. J Biol Chem 1990;265:3809-3814.
77. Sinauridze EI, Kireev DA, Popenko NY, et al. Platelet microparticle membranes have 50- to 100-fold higher specific procoagulant activity than activated platelets. Thromb Haemost 2007;97:425-434.
78. van Beers EJ, Schaap MC, Berckmans RJ, et al. Circulating erythrocyte-derived microparticles are associated with coagulation activation in sickle cell disease. Haematologica 2009;94:1513-1519.
79. Cho J, Furie BC, Coughlin SR, et al. A critical role for extracellular protein disulfide isomerase during thrombus formation in mice. J Clin Invest 2008;118:1123-1131.
80. Brodsky SV, Zhang F, Nasjletti A, et al. Endothelium-derived microparticles impair endothelial function in vitro. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004;286:H1910-H1915.
81. Patel KD, Zimmerman GA, Prescott SM, et al. Novel leukocyte agonists are released by endothelial cells exposed to peroxide. J Biol Chem 1992;267:15168-15175.
82. Martinez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Microparticles in angiogenesis: Therapeutic potential. Circ Res 2011;109:110-119.
83. Boulanger CM, Scoazec A, Ebrahimian T, et al. Circulating microparticles from patients with myocardial infarction cause endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 2001;104:2649-2652.
84. Mallat Z, Benamer H, Hugel B, et al. Elevated levels of shed membrane microparticles with procoagulant potential in the peripheral circulating blood of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2000;101:841-843.
85. Nomura S, Kanazawa S, Fukuhara S. Effects of efonidipine on platelet and monocyte activation markers in hypertensive patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Hum Hypertens 2002;16:539-547.
86. Agouni A, Lagrue-Lak-Hal AH, Ducluzeau PH, et al. Endothelial dysfunction caused by circulating microparticles from patients with metabolic syndrome. Am J Pathol 2008;173:1210-1219.
87. Boilard E, Nigrovic PA, Larabee K, et al. Platelets amplify inflammation in arthritis via collagen-dependent microparticle production. Science 2010;327:580-583.
88. Martin S, Tesse A, Hugel B, et al. Shed membrane particles from T lymphocytes impair endothelial function and regulate endothelial protein expression. Circulation 2004;109:1653-1659.
89. Vanwijk MJ, Svedas E, Boer K, et al. Isolated microparticles, but not whole plasma, from women with preeclampsia impair endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated myometrial arteries from healthy pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:1686-1693.
90. Helal O, Defoort C, Robert S, et al. Increased levels of microparticles originating from endothelial cells, platelets and erythrocytes in subjects with metabolic syndrome: Relationship with oxidative stress. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011;21:665-671.
91. Reid VL, Webster NR. Role of microparticles in sepsis. Br J Anaesth 2012;109:503-513.
92. Mostefai HA, Meziani F, Mastronardi ML, et al. Circulating microparticles from patients with septic shock exert protective role in vascular function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;178:1148-1155.
93. Agouni A, Mostefai HA, Porro C, et al. Sonic hedgehog carried by microparticles corrects endothelial injury through nitric oxide release. FASEB J 2007;21:2735-2741.
94. Freyssinet JM. Cellular microparticles: What are they bad or good for? J Thromb Haemost 2003;1:1655-1662.
95. Ahn YS, Jy W, Jimenez JJ, et al. More on: Cellular microparticles: What are they bad or good for? J Thromb Haemost 2004;2:1215-1216.
96. Nieuwland R, Berckmans RJ, McGregor S, et al. Cellular origin and procoagulant properties of microparticles in meningococcal sepsis. Blood 2000;95:930-935.
97. Joop K, Berckmans RJ, Nieuwland R, et al. Microparticles from patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and sepsis support coagulation through multiple mechanisms. Thromb Haemost 2001;85:810-820.
98. Matsumoto N, Nomura S, Kamihata H, et al. Increased level of oxidized LDL-dependent monocyte-derived microparticles in acute coronary syndrome. Thromb Haemost 2004;91:146-154.
99. Leroyer AS, Isobe H, Leseche G, et al. Cellular origins and thrombogenic activity of microparticles isolated from human atherosclerotic plaques. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:772-777.
100. Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Frasch SC, et al. The role of phosphatidylserine in recognition of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Cell Death Differ 1998;5:551-562.
101. Mallat Z, Hugel B, Ohan J, et al. Shed membrane microparticles with procoagulant potential in human atherosclerotic plaques: A role for apoptosis in plaque thrombogenicity. Circulation 1999;99:348-353.
102. Sabatier F, Camoin-Jau L, Anfosso F, et al. Circulating endothelial cells, microparticles and progenitors: Key players towards the definition of vascular competence. J Cell Mol Med 2009;13:454-471.
103. Nozaki T, Sugiyama S, Koga H, et al. Significance of a multiple biomarkers strategy including endothelial dysfunction to improve risk stratification for cardiovascular events in patients at high risk for coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:601-608.
104. Sinning JM, Losch J, Walenta K, et al. Circulating CD31+/annexin V+ microparticles correlate with cardiovascular outcomes. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2034-2041.
105. Amabile N, Boulanger CM. Circulating microparticle levels in patients with coronary artery disease: A new indicator of vulnerability? Eur Heart J 2011;32:1958-1960.
106. Bernal-Mizrachi L, Jy W, Fierro C, et al. Endothelial microparticles correlate with high-risk angiographic lesions in acute coronary syndromes. Int J Cardiol 2004;97:439-446.
107. Cherian P, Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW, et al. Endothelial and platelet activation in acute ischemic stroke and its etiological subtypes. Stroke 2003;34:2132-2137.
108. Williams JB, Jauch EC, Lindsell CJ, et al. Endothelial microparticle levels are similar in acute ischemic stroke and stroke mimics due to activation and not apoptosis/necrosis. Acad Emerg Med 2007;14:685-690.
109. Simak J, Gelderman MP, Yu H, et al. Circulating endothelial microparticles in acute ischemic stroke: A link to severity, lesion volume and outcome. J Thromb Haemost 2006;4:1296-1302.
110. Preston RA, Jy W, Jimenez JJ, et al. Effects of severe hypertension on endothelial and platelet microparticles. Hypertension 2003;41:211-217.
111. Jimenez JJ, Jy W, Mauro LM, et al. Endothelial microparticles (EMP) as vascular disease markers. Adv Clin Chem 2005;39:131-157.
112. Amabile N, Guerin AP, Leroyer A, et al. Circulating endothelial microparticles are associated with vascular dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:3381-3388.
113. Buesing KL, Densmore JC, Kaul S, et al. Endothelial microparticles induce inflammation in acute lung injury. J Surg Res 2011;166:32-39.
114. Morel O, Toti F, Morel N, et al. Microparticles in endothelial cell and vascular homeostasis: Are they really noxious? Haematologica 2009;94:313-317.
115. Combes V, Taylor TE, Juhan-Vague I, et al. Circulating endothelial microparticles in Malawian children with severe falciparum malaria complicated with coma. JAMA 2004;291:2542-2544.
116. Meziani F, Tesse A, David E, et al. Shed membrane particles from preeclamptic women generate vascular wall inflammation and blunt vascular contractility. Am J Pathol 2006;169:1473-1483.
117. Chen J, Chen S, Chen Y, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and cellular membrane microparticles in db/db diabetic mouse: Possible implications in cerebral ischemic damage. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011;301:E62-E71.
118. Takahashi T, Kubo H, Fujino N, et al. Surgical stress increases circulating endothelial microparticles in the elderly. Anaesth Intensive Care 2012;40:899-902.
119. Gordon C, Gudi K, Krause A, et al. Circulating endothelial microparticles as a measure of early lung destruction in cigarette smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;184:224-232.
120. Densmore JC, Signorino PR, Ou J, et al. Endothelium-derived microparticles induce endothelial dysfunction and acute lung injury. Shock 2006;26:464-471.
121. Miyamoto S, Kowalska MA, Marcinkiewicz C, et al. Interaction of leukocytes with platelet microparticles derived from outdated platelet concentrates. Thromb Haemost 1998;80:982-988.
122. Schoenwaelder SM, Yuan Y, Josefsson EC, et al. Two distinct pathways regulate platelet phosphatidylserine exposure and procoagulant function. Blood 2009;114:663-666.
123. Nomura S, Tandon NN, Nakamura T, et al. High-shear-stress-induced activation of platelets and microparticles enhances expression of cell adhesion molecules in THP-1 and endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2001;158:277-287.
124. Gruber R, Varga F, Fischer MB, et al. Platelets stimulate proliferation of bone cells: Involvement of platelet-derived growth factor, microparticles and membranes. Clin Oral Implants Res 2002;13:529-535.
125. Lee YJ, Jy W, Horstman LL, et al. Elevated platelet microparticles in transient ischemic attacks, lacunar infarcts, and multiinfarct dementias. Thromb Res 1993;72:295-304.
126. Chirinos JA, Heresi GA, Velasquez H, et al. Elevation of endothelial microparticles, platelets, and leukocyte activation in patients with venous thromboembolism. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1467-1471.
127. Pfister SL. Role of platelet microparticles in the production of thromboxane by rabbit pulmonary artery. Hypertension 2004;43:428-433.
128. Hughes M, Hayward CP, Warkentin TE, et al. Morphological analysis of microparticle generation in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood 2000;96:188-194.
129. Jimenez JJ, Jy W, Mauro LM, et al. Elevated endothelial microparticles in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Findings from brain and renal microvascular cell culture and patients with active disease. Br J Haematol 2001;112:81-90.
130. Geiser T, Sturzenegger M, Genewein U, et al. Mechanisms of cerebrovascular events as assessed by procoagulant activity, cerebral microemboli, and platelet microparticles in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Stroke 1998;29:1770-1777.
131. Singh N, Gemmell CH, Daly PA, et al. Elevated platelet-derived microparticle levels during unstable angina. Can J Cardiol 1995;11:1015-1021.
132. Gawaz M, Neumann FJ, Ott I, et al. Platelet function in acute myocardial infarction treated with direct angioplasty. Circulation 1996;93:229-237.
133. Nieuwland R, Berckmans RJ, Rotteveel-Eijkman RC, et al. Cell-derived microparticles generated in patients during cardiopulmonary bypass are highly procoagulant. Circulation 1997;96:3534-3541.
134. Dale GL, Remenyi G, Friese P. Quantitation of microparticles released from coated-platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2005;3:2081-2088.
135. Nantakomol D, Dondorp AM, Krudsood S, et al. Circulating red cell-derived microparticles in human malaria. J Infect Dis 2011;203:700-706.
136. Donadee C, Raat NJ, Kanias T, et al. Nitric oxide scavenging by red blood cell microparticles and cell-free hemoglobin as a mechanism for the red cell storage lesion. Circulation 2011;124:465-476.
137. Wagner GM, Chiu DT, Yee MC, et al. Red cell vesiculation-a common membrane physiologic event. J Lab Clin Med 1986;108:315-324.
138. Greenwalt TJ, Bryan DJ, Dumaswala UJ. Erythrocyte membrane vesiculation and changes in membrane composition during storage in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine-1. Vox Sang 1984;47:261-270.
139. Weinberg JA, McGwin G Jr, Griffin RL, et al. Age of transfused blood: An independent predictor of mortality despite universal leukoreduction. J Trauma 2008;65:279-282.
140. Koch CG, Li L, Sessler DI, et al. Duration of red-cell storage and complications after cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1229-1239.
141. Eder AF, Chambers LA. Noninfectious complications of blood transfusion. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007;131:708-718.
142. Sheppard CA, Logdberg LE, Zimring JC, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2007;21:163-176.
143. McMichael MA, Smith SA, Galligan A, et al. Effect of leukoreduction on transfusion-induced inflammation in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2010;24:1131-1137.
144. Herring JM, Smith SA, McMichael M, et al. Procoagulant microparticles in stored canine erythrocyte concentrates. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2011;21:S5.
145. Sugawara A, Nollet KE, Yajima K, et al. Preventing platelet-derived microparticle formation-and possible side effects-with prestorage leukofiltration of whole blood. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010;134:771-775.
146. Hod EA, Brittenham GM, Billote GB, et al. Transfusion of human volunteers with older, stored red blood cells produces extravascular hemolysis and circulating non-transferrin-bound iron. Blood 2011;118:6675-6682.
147. Tinmouth A, Fergusson D, Yee IC, et al. Clinical consequences of red cell storage in the critically ill. Transfusion 2006;46:2014-2027.
148. Mohandas N, Chasis JA. Red blood cell deformability, membrane material properties and shape: Regulation by transmembrane, skeletal and cytosolic proteins and lipids. Semin Hematol 1993;30:171-192.
149. Nakao M, Nakao T, Yamazoe S. Adenosine triphosphate and maintenance of shape of the human red cells. Nature 1960;187:945-946.
150. Hogman CF, de Verdier CH, Ericson A, et al. Studies on the mechanism of human red cell loss of viability during storage at +4°C in vitro. III. Effects of mixing during storage. Vox Sang 1987;53:84-88.
151. Hess JR, Greenwalt TG. Storage of red blood cells: New approaches. Transfus Med Rev 2002;16:283-295.
152. Brunauer LS, Moxness MS, Huestis WH. Hydrogen peroxide oxidation induces the transfer of phospholipids from the membrane into the cytosol of human erythrocytes. Biochemistry 1994;33:4527-4532.
153. Wolfe LC. The membrane and the lesions of storage in preserved red cells. Transfusion 1985;25:185-203.
154. Wagner GM, Chiu DT, Qju JH, et al. Spectrin oxidation correlates with membrane vesiculation in stored RBCs. Blood 1987;69:1777-1781.
155. Knight JA, Voorhees RP, Martin L, et al. Lipid peroxidation in stored red cells. Transfusion 1992;32:354-357.
156. Card RT, Mohandas N, Perkins HA, et al. Deformability of stored red blood cells. Relationship to degree of packing. Transfusion 1982;22:96-101.
157. Berezina TL, Zaets SB, Morgan C, et al. Influence of storage on red blood cell rheological properties. J Surg Res 2002;102:6-12.
158. Bennett-Guerrero E, Veldman TH, Doctor A, et al. Evolution of adverse changes in stored RBCs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104:17063-17068.
159. Bux J, Sachs UJ. The pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Br J Haematol 2007;136:788-799.
160. Jy W, Mao WW, Horstman L, et al. Platelet microparticles bind, activate and aggregate neutrophils in vitro. Blood Cells Mol Dis 1995;21:217-231.
161. Vandendries ER, Furie BC, Furie B. Role of P-selectin and PSGL-1 in coagulation and thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2004;92:459-466.
162. Bosman GJ, Lasonder E, Luten M, et al. The proteome of red cell membranes and vesicles during storage in blood bank conditions. Transfusion 2008;48:827-835.
163. van der Pol E, Hoekstra AG, Sturk A, et al. Optical and non-optical methods for detection and characterization of microparticles and exosomes. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:2596-2607.
164. McCoy JP Jr. Basic principles of flow cytometry. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2002;16:229-243.
165. Ibrahim SF, van den Engh G. Flow cytometry and cell sorting. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2007;106:19-39.
166. Shet AS, Aras O, Gupta K, et al. Sickle blood contains tissue factor-positive microparticles derived from endothelial cells and monocytes. Blood 2003;102:2678-2683.
167. Horstman LL, Jy W, Jimenez JJ, et al. New horizons in the analysis of circulating cell-derived microparticles. Keio J Med 2004;53:210-230.
168. Lal S, Brown A, Nguyen L, et al. Using antibody arrays to detect microparticles from acute coronary syndrome patients based on cluster of differentiation (CD) antigen expression. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009;8:799-804.
169. Jy W, Horstman LL, Jimenez JJ, et al. Measuring circulating cell-derived microparticles. J Thromb Haemost 2004;2:1842-1851.
170. Dragovic RA, Gardiner C, Brooks AS, et al. Sizing and phenotyping of cellular vesicles using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Nanomedicine 2011;7:780-788.
171. van Ierssel SH, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Conraads VM, et al. Flow cytometric detection of endothelial microparticles (EMP): Effects of centrifugation and storage alter with the phenotype studied. Thromb Res 2010;125:332-339.
172. Fukuda S, Schmid-Schonbein GW. Centrifugation attenuates the fluid shear response of circulating leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2002;72:133-139.
173. Gasser O, Schifferli JA. Activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils disseminate anti-inflammatory microparticles by ectocytosis. Blood 2004;104:2543-2548.
174. Dalli J, Norling LV, Renshaw D, et al. Annexin 1 mediates the rapid anti-inflammatory effects of neutrophil-derived microparticles. Blood 2008;112:2512-2519.
175. Mosnier LO, Zlokovic BV, Griffin JH. The cytoprotective protein C pathway. Blood 2007;109:3161-3172.
176. Soriano AO, Jy W, Chirinos JA, et al. Levels of endothelial and platelet microparticles and their interactions with leukocytes negatively correlate with organ dysfunction and predict mortality in severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 2005;33:2540-2546.
177. Morel O, Morel N, Freyssinet JM, et al. Platelet microparticles and vascular cells interactions: A checkpoint between the haemostatic and thrombotic responses. Platelets 2008;19:9-23.
178. Nomura S, Shouzu A, Omoto S, et al. Effect of cilostazol on soluble adhesion molecules and platelet-derived microparticles in patients with diabetes. Thromb Haemost 1998;80:388-392.
179. Shouzu A, Nomura S, Omoto S, et al. Effect of ticlopidine on monocyte-derived microparticles and activated platelet markers in diabetes mellitus. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2004;10:167-173.
180. Rossig L, Hoffmann J, Hugel B, et al. Vitamin C inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis in congestive heart failure. Circulation 2001;104:2182-2187.