Coordination of nutrient availability and utilization by MAX-and MLX-centered transcription networks

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

Volumn 3, Issue 9, 2013, Pages

  O'Shea, John M ^a   Ayer, Donald E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BASIC HELIX LOOP HELIX LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CARRIER PROTEIN; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMINE; MLXIPL PROTEIN, HUMAN; MYC ASSOCIATED FACTOR X; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; TXNIP PROTEIN, HUMAN;

CELL CYCLE G1 PHASE; FOOD; GENE REGULATORY NETWORK; HUMAN; METABOLISM; NEOPLASM; ONCOGENE MYC; PHYSIOLOGY;

BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; BASIC-LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CARRIER PROTEINS; FOOD; G1 PHASE; GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS; GENES, MYC; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMINE; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS;

EID: 84883779605     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21571422     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a014258     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Arden C, Tudhope SJ, Petrie JL, Al-Oanzi ZH, Cullen KS, Lange AJ, Towle HC, Agius L. 2012. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is essential for glucose-regulated gene transcription of glucose-6-phosphatase and other ChREBP target genes in hepatocytes. Biochem J 443: 111-123.
2. Barretina J, Taylor BS, Banerji S, Ramos AH, Lagos-Quintana M, Decarolis PL, Shah K, Socci ND, Weir BA, Ho A, et al. 2010. Subtype-specific genomic alterations define new targets for soft-tissue sarcoma therapy. Nat Genet 42: 715-721.
3. Basso K, Margolin AA, Stolovitzky G, Klein U, Dalla-Favera R, Califano A. 2005. Reverse engineering of regulatory networks in human B cells. Nat Genet 37: 382-390.
4. Bhattacharjee A, Richards WG, Staunton J, Li C, Monti S, Vasa P, Ladd C, Beheshti J, Bueno R, Gillette M, et al. 2001. Classification of human lung carcinomas bymRNA expression profiling reveals distinct adenocarcinoma subclasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98: 13790-13795.
5. Billin AN, Ayer DE. 2006. The Mlx network: Evidence for a parallel Max-like transcriptional network that regulates energy metabolism. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 302: 255-278.
6. Billin AN, Eilers AL, Coulter KL, Logan JS, Ayer DE. 2000. MondoA, a novel basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcriptional activator that constitutes a positive branch of a max-like network. Mol Cell Biol 20: 8845-8854.
7. Bonome T, Levine DA, Shih J, Randonovich M, Pise-Masison CA, Bogomolniy F, Ozbun L, Brady J, Barrett JC, Boyd J, et al. 2008. A gene signature predicting for survival in suboptimally debulked patientswith ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 68: 5478-5486.
8. Cadenas C, Franckenstein D, Schmidt M, Gehrmann M, Hermes M, Geppert B, Schormann W, Maccoux LJ, Schug M, Schumann A, et al. 2010. Role of thioredoxin reductase 1 and thioredoxin interacting protein in prognosis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 12: R44.
9. Chandriani S, Frengen E, Cowling VH, Pendergrass SA, Perou CM, Whitfield ML, Cole MD. 2009. A core MYC gene expression signature is prominent in basal-like breast cancer but only partially overlaps the core serum response. PLoS ONE 4: e6693.
10. Chen J, Saxena G, Mungrue IN, Lusis AJ, Shalev A. 2008a. Thioredoxin-interacting protein: A critical link between glucose toxicity and b-cell apoptosis. Diabetes 57: 938-944.
11. Chen JL, Lucas JE, Schroeder T, Mori S, Wu J, Nevins J, Dewhirst M, West M, Chi JT. 2008b. The genomic analysis of lactic acidosis and acidosis response in human cancers. PLoS Genet 4: e1000293.
12. Chen JL, Merl D, Peterson CW, Wu J, Liu P, Yin H, Muoio DM, Ayer DE, West M, Chi J-T. 2010a. Lactic acidosis triggers starvation response with paradoxical induction of TXNIP through MondoA. PLoS Genet 6: 18.
13. Chen Z, Yoshihara E, Son A, Matsuo Y, Masutani H, Sugie K, Maeda M, Yodoi J. 2010b. Differential roles of Annexin A1 (ANXA1/lipocortin-1/lipomodulin) and thioredoxin binding protein-2 (TBP-2/VDUP1/TXNIP) in glucocorticoid signaling of HTLV-I-transformed T cells. Immunol Lett 131: 11-18.
14. Dang CV. 2012a. Links between metabolism and cancer. Genes Dev 26: 877-890.
15. Dang CV. 2012b. MYC on the path to cancer. Cell 149: 22-35.
16. Dang CV, Le A, Gao P. 2009. MYC-induced cancer cell energy metabolism and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Cancer Res 15: 6479-6483.
17. DeBerardinis RJ, Cheng T. 2010. Q'S next: The diverse functions of glutamine in metabolism, cell biology and cancer. Oncogene 29: 313-324.
18. DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB. 2012. Cellular metabolism and disease: What do metabolic outliers teach us? Cell 148: 1132-1144.
19. DeBerardinis RJ, Sayed N, Ditsworth D, Thompson CB. 2008. Brick by brick:Metabolism and tumor cell growth. Curr Opin Genet Dev 18: 54-61.
20. Delmore JE, Issa GC, Lemieux ME, Rahl PB, Shi J, Jacobs HM, Kastritis E, Gilpatrick T, Paranal RM, Qi J, et al. 2011. BET bromodomain inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to target c-Myc. Cell 146: 904-917.
21. Dentin R, Tomas-Cobos L, Foufelle F, Leopold J, Girard J, Postic C, Ferre P. 2012. Glucose 6-phosphate, rather than xylulose 5-phosphate, is required for the activation of ChREBP in response to glucose in the liver. J Hepatol 56: 199-209.
22. Detwiller KY, Fernando NT, Segal NH, Ryeom SW, D'Amore PA, Yoon SS. 2005. Analysis of hypoxia-related gene expression in sarcomas and effect of hypoxia on RNA interference of vascular endothelial cell growth factor A. Cancer Res 65: 5881-5889.
23. Eilers M, Eisenman RN. 2008.Myc's broad reach. Genes Dev 22: 2755-2766.
24. Eilers AL, Sundwall E, Lin M, Sullivan AA, Ayer DE. 2002. A novel heterodimerization domain, CRM1, and 14-3-3 control subcellular localization of theMondoA-Mlx heterocomplex. Mol Cell Biol 22: 8514-8526.
25. Elgort MG, O'Shea JM, Jiang Y, Ayer DE. 2010. Transcriptional and translational downregulation of Thioredoxin interacting protein is required for metabolic reprogramming during G1. Genes Cancer 1: 893-907.
26. Filippakopoulos P, Qi J, Picaud S, Shen Y, Smith WB, Fedorov O, Morse EM, Keates T, Hickman TT, Felletar I, et al. 2010. Selective inhibition of BET bromodomains. Nature 468: 1067-1073.
27. Finak G, Bertos N, Pepin F, Sadekova S, Souleimanova M, Zhao H, Chen H, Omeroglu G, Meterissian S, Omeroglu A, et al. 2008. Stromal gene expression predicts clinical outcome in breast cancer. Nat Med 14: 518-527.
28. Foulkes WD, Smith IE, Reis-Filho JS. 2010. Triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 363: 1938-1948.
29. Gao P, Tchernyshyov I, Chang TC, Lee YS, Kita K, Ochi T, Zeller KI, De Marzo AM, Van Eyk JE, Mendell JT, et al. 2009. c-Myc suppression of miR-23a/b enhances mitochondrial glutaminase expression and glutamine metabolism. Nature 458: 762-765.
30. Garber ME, Troyanskaya OG, Schluens K, Petersen S, Thaesler Z, Pacyna-Gengelbach M, van de Rijn M, Rosen GD, Perou CM, Whyte RI, et al. 2001. Diversity of gene expression in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98: 13784-13789.
31. Giordano TJ, Au AY, Kuick R, Thomas DG, Rhodes DR, Wilhelm KG Jr, Vinco M, Misek DE, Sanders D, Zhu Z, et al. 2006. Delineation, functional validation, and bioinformatic evaluation of gene expression in thyroid follicular carcinomas with the PAX8-PPARG translocation. Clin Cancer Res 12: 1983-1993.
32. Gordan JD, Thompson CB, Simon MC. 2007. HIF and c-Myc: Sibling rivals for control of cancer cell metabolism and proliferation. Cancer Cell 12: 108-113.
33. Haferlach T, Kohlmann A, Wieczorek L, Basso G, Kronnie GT, Bene MC, De Vos J, Hernandez JM, Hofmann WK, Mills KI, et al. 2010. Clinical utility of microarray-based gene expression profiling in the diagnosis and subclassification of leukemia: Report from the International Microarray Innovations in Leukemia Study Group. J Clin Oncol 28: 2529-2537.
34. Haslinger C, Schweifer N, Stilgenbauer S, Dohner H, Lichter P, Kraut N, Stratowa C, Abseher R. 2004. Microarray gene expression profiling of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia subgroups defined by genomic aberrations and VH mutation status. J Clin Oncol 22: 3937-3949.
35. Havula E, Hietakangas V. 2012. Glucose sensing by ChREBP/MondoA-Mlx transcription factors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 23: 640-647.
36. Horiuchi D, Kusdra L, Huskey NE, Chandriani S, Lenburg ME, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Creasman KJ, Bazarov AV, Smyth JW, Davis SE, et al. 2012. MYC pathway activation in triple-negative breast cancer is synthetic lethal with CDK inhibition. J Exp Med 209: 679-696.
37. Hui ST, Andres AM, Miller AK, Spann NJ, Potter DW, Post NM, Chen AZ, Sachithanantham S, Jung DY, Kim JK, et al. 2008. Txnip balances metabolic and growth signaling via PTEN disulfide reduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105: 3921-3926.
38. Jeon JH, Lee KN, Hwang CY, Kwon KS, You KH, Choi I. 2005. Tumor suppressor VDUP1 increases p27(kip1) stability by inhibiting JAB1. Cancer Res 65: 4485-4489.
39. Jin HO, Seo SK, Kim YS, Woo SH, Lee KH, Yi JY, Lee SJ, Choe TB, Lee JH, An S, et al. 2011. TXNIP potentiates Redd1-inducedmTORsuppression through stabilization of Redd1. Oncogene 30: 3792-3801.
40. Jones J, Otu H, Spentzos D, Kolia S, Inan M, Beecken WD, Fellbaum C, Gu X, Joseph M, Pantuck AJ, et al. 2005. Gene signatures of progression and metastasis in renal cell cancer. Clin Cancer Res 11: 5730-5739.
41. Kaadige MR, Looper RE, Kamalanaadhan S, Ayer DE. 2009. Glutamine-dependent anaplerosis dictates glucose uptake and cell growth by regulating MondoA transcriptional activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106: 14878-14883.
42. Kaadige MR, Elgort MG, Ayer DE. 2010. Coordination of glucose and glutamine utilization by an expanded Myc network. Transcription 1: 36-40.
43. Kim JW, Zeller KI, Wang Y, Jegga AG, Aronow BJ, O'Donnell KA, Dang CV. 2004. Evaluation of myc E-box phylogenetic footprints in glycolytic genes by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Mol Cell Biol 24: 5923-5936.
44. Kim SY, Suh HW, Chung JW, Yoon SR, Choi I. 2007. Diverse functions of VDUP1 in cell proliferation, differentiation, and diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 4: 345-351.
45. Kung HN, Marks JR, Chi JT. 2011. Glutamine synthetase is a genetic determinant of cell type-specific glutamine independence in breast epithelia. PLoS Genet 7: e1002229.
46. Le A, Lane AN, Hamaker M, Bose S, Gouw A, Barbi J, Tsukamoto T, Rojas CJ, Slusher BS, Zhang H, et al. 2012. Glucose-independent glutamine metabolism via TCA cycling for proliferation and survival in B cells. Cell Metab 15: 110-121.
47. Lerner AG, Upton JP, Praveen PV, Ghosh R, Nakagawa Y, Igbaria A, Shen S, Nguyen V, Backes BJ, Heiman M, et al. 2012. IRE1α induces thioredoxin-interacting protein to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and promote programmed cell death under irremediable ER stress. Cell Metab 16: 250-264.
48. Li MV, Chen W, Harmancey RN, Nuotio-Antar AM, Imamura M, Saha P, Taegtmeyer H, Chan L. 2010. Glucose-6- phosphate mediates activation of the carbohydrate responsive binding protein (ChREBP). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 395: 395-400.
49. Lin CY, Loven J, Rahl PB, Paranal RM, Burge CB, Bradner JE, Lee TI, Young RA. 2012. Transcriptional amplification in tumor cells with elevated c-Myc. Cell 151: 56-67.
50. Ma L, Robinson LN, Towle HC. 2006. ChREBP*Mlx is the principal mediator of glucose-induced gene expression in the liver. J Biol Chem 281: 28721-28730.
51. McFerrin LG, Atchley WR. 2011. Evolution of the Max and Mlx networks in animals. Genome Biol Evol 3: 915-937.
52. McFerrin LG, Atchley WR. 2012. A novel N-terminal domain may dictate the glucose response of Mondo proteins. PLoS ONE 7: e34803.
53. Mertz JA, Conery AR, Bryant BM, Sandy P, Balasubramanian S, Mele DA, Bergeron L, Sims RJ III. 2011. Targeting MYC dependence in cancer by inhibiting BET bromodomains. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108: 16669-16674.
54. Muoio DM. 2007. TXNIP links redox circuitry to glucose control. Cell Metab 5: 412-414.
55. Nie Z, Hu G, Wei G, Cui K, Yamane A, Resch W, Wang R, Green DR, Tessarollo L, Casellas R, et al. 2012. c-Myc is a universal amplifier of expressed genes in lymphocytes and embryonic stem cells. Cell 151: 68-79.
56. Oslowski CM, Hara T, O'Sullivan-Murphy B, Kanekura K, Lu S, Hara M, Ishigaki S, Zhu LJ, Hayashi E, Hui ST, et al. 2012. Thioredoxin-interacting protein mediates ER stress-induced b cell death through initiation of the inflammasome. Cell Metab 16: 265-273.
57. Palaskas N, Larson SM, Schultz N, Komisopoulou E, Wong J, Rohle D, Campos C, Yannuzzi N, Osborne JR, Linkov I, et al. 2011. 18F-Fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography marks MYC-overexpressing human basallike breast cancers. Cancer Res 71: 5164-5174.
58. Pardee AB. 1974. A restriction point for control of normal animal cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 71: 1286-1290.
59. Parikh H, Carlsson E, Chutkow WA, Johansson LE, Storgaard H, Poulsen P, Saxena R, Ladd C, Schulze PC, Mazzini MJ, et al. 2007. TXNIP regulates peripheral glucose metabolism in humans. PLoS Med 4: e158.
60. Patwari P, Lee RT. 2012. An expanded family of arrestins regulate metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 23: 216-222.
61. Patwari P, Chutkow WA, Cummings K, Verstraeten VL, Lammerding J, Schreiter ER, Lee RT. 2009. Thioredoxin-independent regulation of metabolism by the a-arrestin proteins. J Biol Chem 284: 24996-25003.
62. Peterson CW, Ayer DE. 2011. An extended Myc network contributes to glucose homeostasis in cancer and diabetes. Front Biosci 16: 2206-2223.
63. Peterson CW, Stoltzman CA, Sighinolfi MP, Han KS, Ayer DE. 2010. Glucose controls nuclear accumulation, promoter binding, and transcriptional activity of the MondoA-Mlx heterodimer. Mol Cell Biol 30: 2887-2895.
64. Petrie JL, Al-Oanzi ZH, Arden C, Tudhope SJ, Mann J, Kieswich J, Yaqoob MM, Towle HC, Agius L. 2013. Glucose induces protein targeting to glycogen in hepatocytes by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate-mediated recruitment of MondoA to the promoter. Mol Cell Biol 33: 725-738.
65. Postic C, Dentin R, Denechaud PD, Girard J. 2007. ChREBP, a transcriptional regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 27: 179-192.
66. Qing G, Li B, Vu A, Skuli N, Walton ZE, Liu X, Mayes PA, Wise DR, Thompson CB, Maris JM, et al. 2012. ATF4 regulates MYC-mediated neuroblastoma cell death upon glutamine deprivation. Cancer Cell 22: 631-644.
67. Rauch S, Martin-Serrano J. 2011. Multiple interactions between the ESCRT machinery and arrestin-related proteins: Implications for PPXY-dependent budding. J Virol 85: 3546-3556.
68. Rhein P, Scheid S, Ratei R, Hagemeier C, Seeger K, Kirschner-Schwabe R, Moericke A, Schrappe M, Spang R, Ludwig WD, et al. 2007. Gene expression shift towards normal B cells, decreased proliferative capacity and distinct surface receptors characterize leukemic blasts persisting during induction therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 21: 897-905.
69. Robinson MM, McBryant SJ, Tsukamoto T, Rojas C, Ferraris DV, Hamilton SK, Hansen JC, Curthoys NP. 2007. Novel mechanism of inhibition of rat kidney-type glutaminase by bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES). Biochem J 406: 407-414.
70. Roessler S, Jia HL, Budhu A, Forgues M, Ye QH, Lee JS, Thorgeirsson SS, Sun Z, Tang ZY, Qin LX, et al. 2010. A unique metastasis gene signature enables prediction of tumor relapse in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Cancer Res 70: 10202-10212.
71. Sanchez-Carbayo M, Socci ND, Lozano J, Saint F, Cordon- Cardo C. 2006. Defining molecular profiles of poor outcome in patients with invasive bladder cancer using oligonucleotide microarrays. J Clin Oncol 24: 778-789.
72. Sans CL, Satterwhite DJ, Stoltzman CA, Breen KT, Ayer DE. 2006. MondoA-Mlx heterodimers are candidate sensors of cellular energy status: Mitochondrial localization and direct regulation of glycolysis. Mol Cell Biol 26: 4863-4871.
73. Schroder K, Zhou R, Tschopp J. 2010. The NLRP3 inflammasome: A sensor for metabolic danger? Science 327: 296-300.
74. Shanware NP, Mullen AR, DeBerardinis RJ, Abraham RT. 2011. Glutamine: Pleiotropic roles in tumor growth and stress resistance. J Mol Med (Berl) 89: 229-236.
75. Shaw RJ, Cantley LC. 2006. Ras, PI3K and mTOR signaling controls tumour cell growth. Nature 441: 424-430.
76. Sheth SS, Bodnar JS, Ghazalpour A, Thipphavong CK, Tsutsumi S, Tward AD, Demant P, Kodama T, Aburatani H, Lusis AJ. 2006. Hepatocellular carcinoma in Txnip-deficient mice. Oncogene 25: 3528-3536.
77. Shim H, Dolde C, Lewis BC, Wu CS, Dang G, Jungmann RA, Dalla-Favera R, Dang CV. 1997. c-Myc transactivation of LDH-A: Implications for tumor metabolism and growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci 94: 6658-6663.
78. Shin D, Jeon JH, Jeong M, Suh HW, Kim S, Kim HC, Moon OS, Kim YS, Chung JW, Yoon SR, et al. 2008. VDUP1 mediates nuclear export of HIF1α via CRM1-dependent pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta 1783: 838-848.
79. Sloan EJ, Ayer DE. 2010. Myc, Mondo and metabolism. Genes and Cancer 1: 587-596.
80. Stegmaier K, Ross KN, Colavito SA, O'Malley S, Stockwell BR, Golub TR. 2004. Gene expression-based highthroughput screening (GE-HTS) and application to leukemia differentiation. Nat Genet 36: 257-263.
81. Stoltzman CA, Peterson CW, Breen KT, Muoio DM, Billin AN, Ayer DE. 2008. Glucose sensing by MondoA:Mlx complexes: A role for hexokinases and direct regulation of thioredoxin-interacting protein expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105: 6912-6917.
82. Stoltzman CA, Kaadige MR, Peterson CW, Ayer DE. 2011. MondoA senses non-glucose sugars: Regulation of thioredoxin- interacting protein (TXNIP) and the hexose transport curb. J Biol Chem 286: 38027-38034.
83. Sun L, Hui AM, Su Q, Vortmeyer A, Kotliarov Y, Pastorino S, Passaniti A, Menon J, Walling J, Bailey R, et al. 2006. Neuronal and glioma-derived stem cell factor induces angiogenesis within the brain. Cancer Cell 9: 287-300.
84. Talantov D, Mazumder A, Yu JX, Briggs T, Jiang Y, Backus J, Atkins D, Wang Y. 2005. Novel genes associated with malignant melanoma but not benign melanocytic lesions. Clin Cancer Res 11: 7234-7242.
85. Talbot SG, Estilo C, Maghami E, Sarkaria IS, Pham DK, Ocharoenrat P, Socci ND, Ngai I, Carlson D, Ghossein R, et al. 2005. Gene expression profiling allows distinction between primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas in the lung. Cancer Res 65: 3063-3071.
86. Tomlins SA, Mehra R, Rhodes DR, Cao X, Wang L, Dhanasekaran SM, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Wei JT, Rubin MA, Pienta KJ, et al. 2007. Integrative molecular concept modeling of prostate cancer progression. Nat Genet 39: 41-51.
87. Uyeda K, Repa JJ. 2006. Carbohydrate response element binding protein, ChREBP, a transcription factor coupling hepatic glucose utilization and lipid synthesis. Cell Metab 4: 107-110.
88. Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson CB. 2009. Understanding the Warburg effect: The metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science 324: 1029-1033.
89. Wallace TA, Prueitt RL, Yi M, Howe TM, Gillespie JW, Yfantis HG, Stephens RM, Caporaso NE, Loffredo CA, Ambs S. 2008. Tumor immunobiological differences in prostate cancer between African-American and European-American men. Cancer Res 68: 927-936.
90. Wang R, Green DR. 2012.Metabolic checkpoints in activated T cells. Nat Immunol 13: 907-915.
91. Wang Z, Rong YP, Malone MH, Davis MC, Zhong F, Distelhorst CW. 2006. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (txnip) is a glucocorticoid-regulated primary response gene involved in mediating glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 25: 1903-1913.
92. Ward PS, Thompson CB. 2012. Metabolic reprogramming: A cancer hallmark evenWarburg did not anticipate. Cancer Cell 21: 297-308.
93. Wernicke CM, Richter GH, Beinvogl BC, Plehm S, Schlitter AM, Bandapalli OR, Prazeres da Costa O, Hattenhorst UE, Volkmer I, Staege MS, et al. 2012.MondoA is highly overexpressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and modulates their metabolism, differentiation and survival. Leuk Res 36: 1185-1192.
94. Wise DR, DeBerardinis RJ, Mancuso A, Sayed N, Zhang XY, Pfeiffer HK, Nissim I, Daikhin E, Yudkoff M, McMahon SB, et al. 2008. Myc regulates a transcriptional program that stimulates mitochondrial glutaminolysis and leads to glutamine addiction. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105: 18782-18787.
95. Wu N, Zheng B, Shaywitz A, Dragon Y, Tower C, Bellinger G, Chen C-H, Wen J, Asara JM, McGraw TE, et al. 2013. AMPK-dependent degradation of TXNIP upon energy stress leads to enhanced glucose uptake via GLUT1. Mol Cell 49: 1-9.
96. Yun J, Johnson JL, Hanigan CL, Locasale JW. 2012. Interactions between epigenetics and metabolism in cancers. Front Oncol 2: 163.
97. Yuneva M, Zamboni N, Oefner P, Sachidanandam R, Lazebnik Y. 2007. Deficiency in glutamine but not glucose induces MYC-dependent apoptosis in human cells. J Cell Biol 178: 93-105.
98. Zhou J, Chng WJ. 2012. Roles of thioredoxin binding protein (TXNIP) in oxidative stress, apoptosis and cancer. Mitochondrion 13: 163-169.
99. Zhou J, Yu Q, Chng WJ. 2011. TXNIP (VDUP-1, TBP-2): A major redox regulatorcommonly suppressed in cancer by epigenetic mechanisms. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43: 1668-1673.