Developing an SCAR and ITS reliable multiplex PCR-based assay forsafflower adulterant detection in saffron samples

Food Control

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 323-328

  Babaei, Saeid ^a   Talebi, Majid ^a   Bahar, Masoud ^a  

^a ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Iran)

Author keywords

Adulterants; ITS; Multiplex PCR; Safflower; Saffron; SCAR

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882605569     PISSN: 09567135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.07.019     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Abdullaev F.I. Cancer chemopreventive and tumoricidal properties of saffron (Crocus sativus). Experimental Biology and Medicine 2002, 227:20-25.
2. Ahmad P.S., Alam S., Jain K.G., Zaidi M.A., Akhter S., Vohora D., et al. Quantitative analysis of safranal in saffron extract and nanoparticle formulation by a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method. Phytochemical Analysis 2010, 21:219-223.
3. Akhondzadeh Basti A., Moshiri E., Noorbala A.A., Jamshidi A.H., Abbasi S.H., Akhondzadeh S. Comparison of petal of Crocus sativus L. and fluoxetine in the treatment of depressed outpatients: a pilot double-blind randomized trial. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2007, 31:439-442.
4. Altschul S.F., Madden T.L., Schaffer A.A., Zhang J.H., Zhang Z., Miller W., et al. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research 1997, 25:3389-3402.
5. Anastasaki E., Kanakis C., Pappas C., Maggi L., Del Campo C.P., Carmona M., et al. Geographical differentiation of saffron by GC-MS/FID and chemometrics. European Food Research and Technology 2009, 229:899-905.
6. Assimiadis M.K., Tarantilis P.A., Polissiou M.G. UV-vis FT-Raman and 1H NMR spectroscopies of cis-trans carotenoids from saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 1998, 52:519-522.
7. Balasubramani S.P., Murugan R., Ravikumar K., Venkatasubramanian P. Development of ITS sequence based molecular marker to distinguish, Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) from its adulterants. Fitoterapia 2010, 81:503-508.
8. Baldwin B.G. Molecular phylogenetics of Calcydenia (Compositae) based on ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA: chromosomal and morphological evolution reexamined. American Journal of Botany 1993, 80:222-238.
9. Baldwin B.G., Sanderson M.J., Porter J.M., Wojciechowski M.F., Campbell C.S., Donoghue M.J. The ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA: a valuable source of evidence on angiosperm phylogeny. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1995, 82:247-277.
10. Basker D., Negbi M. Uses of saffron. Economic Botany 1983, 37:228-236.
11. Busconi M., Sebastiani L., Fogher C. Development of SCAR markers for germplasm characterisation in olive tree (Olea europea L.). Molecular Breeding 2006, 17:59-68.
12. Caballero-Ortega H., Pereda-Miranda R., Abdullaev F.I. HPLC quantification of major active components from 11 different saffron (Crocus sativus L.) sources. Food Chemistry 2007, 100:1126-1131.
13. Carmona M., Zalacain A., Salinas M.R., Alonso G.L. Anew approach to saffron aroma. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2007, 47:145-159.
14. Chavan P., Warude D., Joshi K., Patwardhan B. Development of SCAR (sequence-characterized amplified region) markers as a complementary tool for identification of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) from crude drugs and multicomponent formulations. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 2008, 50:61-69.
15. Dainese E., Angelucci C., Santis D.P., Maccarrone M., Cozzani I. Amultiplex PCR-based assay for the detection of genetically modified soybean. Analytical Letters 2004, 37:1139-1150.
16. Del Campo C.P., Garde-Cerdan T., Sanchez M.A., Maggi L., Carmona M., Alonso L.G. Determination of free amino acids and ammonium ion in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) from different geographical origins. Food Chemistry 2009, 114:1542-1548.
17. Dhanya K., Syamkumar S., Siju S., Sasikumar B. Sequence characterized amplified region markers: a reliable tool for adulterant detection in turmeric powder. Food Research International 2011, 44:2889-2895.
18. Edwards M.C., Gibbs R.A. Multiplex PCR: advantages, development, and applications. Genome Research 1994, 3:65-75.
19. Fernandez J.A. Anticancer properties of saffron, Crocus sativus Linn. Advances in Phytomedicine 2006, 2:313-330.
20. Ganopoulos I., Madesis P., Tsaftaris A. Universal ITS2 barcoding DNA region coupled with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis for seed authentication and adulteration testing in leguminous forage and pasture species. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 2012, 30:1322-1328.
21. Gao T., Yao H., Song J., Liu C., Zhu Y., Ma X., et al. Identification of medicinal plants in the family Fabaceae using a potential DNA barcode ITS2. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2010, 130:116-121.
22. Giaccio M. Crocetin from saffron: an active component of an ancient spice. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2004, 44:155-172.
23. Haghighi B., Feizy J., Hemati K.A. LC determination of adulterated saffron prepared by adding styles colored with some natural colorants. Chromatographia 2007, 66:325-332.
24. Hernandez P., Martin A., Dorado G. Development of SCARs by direct sequencing of RAPD products: a practical tool for introgression and marker assisted selection of wheat. Molecular Breeding 1999, 5:245-253.
25. Hershkovitz M.A., Zimmer E.A. Conservation patterns in angiosperm rDNA ITS2 sequences. Nucleic Acids Research 1996, 24:2857-2867.
26. Howard C., Socratous E., Williams S., Graham E., Fowler R.M., Scott W.N., et al. PlantID-DNA-based identification of multiple medicinal plants in complex mixtures. Chinese Medicine 2012, 7:18. 10.1186/1749-8546-7-18.
27. ISO/TS 3632-1/2 (2003). Saffron (Ed.), Technical specification. Crocus sativus L. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO.
28. Jigden B., Wang H., Samdan N., Yang D.C. Molecular identification of oriental medicinal plant Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge ('Jimo') by multiplex PCR. Molecular Biology Reports 2010, 37:955-960.
29. Kanakis C.D., Daferera D.J., Tarantilis P.A., Polissiou M.G. Qualitative determination of volatile compounds and quantitative evaluation of safranal and 4-hydroxy-2,6,6-thimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde (HTCC) in Greek saffron. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52:4515-4521.
30. Kiran U., Khan S., Jabeen Mirza K., Ram M., Abdin M.Z. SCAR markers: a potential tool for authentication of herbal drugs. Fitoterapia 2010, 81:969-976.
31. Kumar P., Gupta V.K., Misra A.K., Modi D.R., Pandey B.K. Potential of molecular markers in plant biotechnology. Plant Omics Journal 2009, 2:141-162.
32. Kumar S.L. DNA markers in plant improvement: an overview. Biotechnology Advances 1999, 17:143-182.
33. Lage M., Cantrell C.L. Quantification of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) metabolites crocins, picrocrocin and safranal for quality determination of the spice grown under different environmental Moroccan conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 2009, 121:366-373.
34. Liu Z., Zeng X., Yang D., Ren G., Chu G., Yuan Z., et al. Identification of medicinal vines by ITS2 using complementary discrimination methods. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2012, 141:242-249.
35. Loskutov A.V., Beninger C.W., Hoseld G.L., Sink K.C. Development of an improved procedure for extraction and quantitation of safranal in stigmas of Crocus sativus L. using high performance liquid chromatography. Food Chemistry 2000, 69:87-95.
36. Lozano P., Castellar M.R., Simancas M.J., Iborra J.L. Quantitative high performance liquid chromatographic method to analyse commercial saffron (Crocus sativus L.) products. Journal of Chromatography A 1999, 830:477-483.
37. Lozano P., Delgado D., Gomez D., Rubio M., Iborra J.L. Anon-destructive method to determine the safranal content of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 2000, 43:367-378.
38. Madan C.L., Kapur B.M., Gupta U.S. Saffron. Economic Botany 1966, 20:377-385.
39. Maggi L., Carmona M., Kelly D.S., Marigheto N., Alonso L.G. Geographical origin differentiation of saffron spice (Crocus sativus L. stigmas) - preliminary investigation using chemical and multi-element (H, C, N) stable isotope analysis. Food Chemistry 2011, 128:543-548.
40. Maggi L., Carmona M., Zalacain A., Kanakis D.C., Anastasaki E., Tarantilis A.P., et al. Changes in saffron volatile profile according to its storage time. Food Research International 2010, 43:1329-1334.
41. Maggi L., Sanchez M.A., Carmona M., Kanakis D.C., Anastasaki E., Tarantilis A.P., et al. Rapid determination of safranal in the quality control of saffron spice (Crocus sativus L.). Food Chemistry 2011, 127:369-373.
42. Marieschi M., Torelli A., Bianchi A., Bruni R. Development of a SCAR marker for the identification of Olea europaea L.: a newly detected adulterant in commercial Mediterranean oregano. Food Chemistry 2011, 126:705-709.
43. Marieschi M., Torelli A., Bruni R. Quality Control of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.): development of SCAR markers for the detection of plant adulterants used as bulking agents. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012, 60:10998-11004.
44. Marieschi M., Torelli A., Poli F., Bianchi A., Bruni R. Quality control of commercial Mediterranean oregano: development of SCAR markers for the detection of the adulterants Cistusincanus L., Rubuscaesius L. and Rhuscoriaria L. Food Control 2010, 21:998-1003.
45. Melnyk P.J., Wang S., Marcone F.M. Chemical and biological properties of the world's most expensive spice: Saffron. Food Research International 2010, 43:1981-1989.
46. Moraga A.R., Rambla J.L., Ahrazem O., Granell A., Gomez-Gomez L. Metabolite and target transcript analyses during Crocus sativus stigma development. Phytochemistry 2009, 70:1009-1016.
47. Mousavi S.H., Tayarami N.Z., Parsaee H. Protective effect of saffron extract and crocin on reactive oxygen species-mediated high glucose-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 2010, 30:185-191.
48. Negbi, M. (1999). Saffron. Crocus sativus L. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.
49. Orfanou O., Tsimidou M. Evaluation of the colouring strength of saffron spice by UV-Vis spectrometry. Food Chemistry 1996, 51:463-469.
50. Paran I., Michelmore R. Development of reliable PCR-based markers linked to downy mildew resistance genes in lettuce. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 1993, 85:985-993.
51. Rains L.B., Agarwal G.S., Bhatia K.A., Gaur S.G. Changes in pigments and volatiles of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) during processing and storage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 1996, 71:27-32.
52. Ribeiro R.A., Lovato M.B. Comparative analysis of different DNA extraction protocols in fresh and herbarium specimens of the genus Dalbergia. Genetics and Molecular Research 2007, 6:173-187.
53. Rios J.L., Recio M.C., Giner R.M., Manez S. An update review of saffron and its active compounds. Phytotherapy Research 1996, 10:189-193.
54. Rychlik W. OLIGO primer analysis software version 7 2008, Molecular Biology Insights, Inc., Cascade, CO, USA.
55. Sambrook J., Russell D.W. Molecular cloning; A laboratory manual 2001, CSHL Press. 3rd ed.
56. Sanchez A.M., Carmona M., Zalacain A., Carot T.M., Jabaloyes J.M., Alonso G.L. Rapid determination of crocetinesters and picrocrocin from saffron spice (Crocus sativus L.) using UV-visible spectrophotometry for quality control. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2008, 56:3167-3175.
57. Scheef A.E., Casler D.M., Jung G. Development of species-specific SCAR markers in bentgrass. Crop Science 2003, 43:345-349.
58. Siracusa L., Gresta F., Avola G., Albertini E., Raggi L., Marconi G., et al. Agronomic, chemical and genetic variability of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) of different origin by LC-UV-vis-DAD and AFLP analyses. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 2012, 10.1007/s10722-012-9868-9.
59. Sun Y.W., Liao Y.J., Hung Y.S., Chang J.C., Sung J.M. Development of ITS sequence based SCAR markers for discrimination of Paphiopedilum armeniacum, Paphiopedilum micranthum, Paphiopedilum delenatiiand and their hybrids. Scientia Horticulturae 2011, 127:405-410.
60. Tamura K., Dudley J., Nei M., Kumar S. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 2007, 24:1596-1599.
61. Tarantilis P.A., Polissiou M.G. Chemical analysis and antitumor activity of natural and semi-natural carotenoids of saffron. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Biotechnology. Acta Horticulturae 2004, 650:447-461.
62. Technelysium Pty Ltd Chromas 2004, http://www.%20technelysium.com.au/chromas.html.
63. Wang Y., Han T., Zhu Y., Zheng C.J., Ming Q.L., Rahman K., et al. Antidepressant properties of bioactive fractions from the extract of Crocus sativus L. Journal of Natural Medicines 2010, 64:24-30.
64. Welsh J., McClelland M. Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers. Nucleic Acids Research 1990, 18:7213-7218.
65. Williams J.G.K., Kubelic A.R., Livak K.J., Rafalski J.A., Tingey S.V. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research 1990, 18:6531-6535.
66. Winterhalter P., Straubinger M. Saffron-renewed interest in an ancient spice. Food Reviews International 2000, 16:39-59.
67. Wu X., Li H., Zhao W., Fu L., Peng H., He L., et al. SCAR makers and multiplex PCR-based rapid molecular typing of Lentinula edodes strains. Current Microbiology 2010, 61:381-389.
68. Yip P.Y., Chau C.F., Mak C.Y., Kwan H.S. DNA methods for identification of Chinese medicinal materials. Chinese Medicine 2007, 2:9. 10.1186/1749-8546-2-9.
69. Zalacain A., Ordoudi S.A., Blazquez I., Diaz-Plaza E.M., Carmona M., Blazquez M.Z.I., et al. Near-infrared spectroscopy in saffron quality control: determination of chemical composition and geographical origin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53:9337-9341.
70. Zalacain A., Ordoudi A.S., Blazquez I., Diaz-olaza E.M., Carmona M., Tsimldou M.Z., et al. Screening method for the detection of artificial colours in saffron using derivative UV-Vis spectrometry after precipitation of crocetin. Food Additives and Contaminants 2005, 22:607-615.
71. Zareena A.V., Variyar P.S., Gholap A.S., Bongirwar D.R., Wani A.M. Chemical investigation of gamma-irradiated saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2001, 49:687-691.
72. Zougagh M., Rios A., Valcarcel M. An automated screening method for the fast, simple discrimination between natural and artificial colorants in commercial saffron products. Analytica Chimica Acta 2005, 535:133-138.
73. Zougagh M., Simonet B.M., Rios A., Valcarcel M. Use of nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for the quality control of commercial saffron samples. Journal of Chromatography A 2005, 1085:293-298.