Entrepreneurial talent and venture performance: A meta-analytic investigation of SMEs

Research Policy

Volumn 42, Issue 6-7, 2013, Pages 1251-1273

  Mayer Haug, Katrin ^a   Read, Stuart ^b   Brinckmann, Jan ^c   Dew, Nicholas ^d   Grichnik, Dietmar ^e  

^a WHU OTTO BEISHEIM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT   (Germany)

^b IMD   (Switzerland)

^c ESADE BUSINESS SCHOOL   (Spain)

^d NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ST GALLEN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Economic growth; Entrepreneur; Meta analysis; Performance; SME; Talent

Indexed keywords

ECONOMICS; PROFITABILITY;

ECONOMIC GROWTHS; ENTREPRENEUR; META-ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE; SME; TALENT;

INDUSTRY;

EID: 84878868580     PISSN: 00487333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2013.03.001     Document Type: Article

References (288)

1. J. *Aarstad, S.A. Haugland, and A. Greve Performance spillover effects in entrepreneurial networks: Assessing a dyadic theory of social capital Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 34 2010 1003 1019
2. D. Acemoglu Reward structures and the allocation of talent European Economic Review 39 1995 17 33
3. R. *Agarwal, R. Echambadi, A.M. Franco, and M.B. Sarkar Knowledge transfer through inheritance: spin-out generation, development, and survival Academy of Management Journal 47 2004 501 522
4. O. Ajayi-Obe, and S.C. Parker The changing nature of work among the self-employed in the 1990s: evidence from Britain Journal of Labour Research 26 2005 501 517
5. H.E. Aldrich, and E. Auster Even dwarfs started small: liabilities of age and size and their strategic implications B. Staw, L.L. Cummings, Research in Organizational Behavior 8 1986 JAI Press Greenwich, CT 165 198
6. A.C. *Amason, R.C. Shrader, and G.H. Tompson Newness and novelty: relating top management team composition to new venture performance Journal of Business Venturing 21 2006 125 148
7. D.G. *Ancona, and D.F. Caldwell Demography and design: predictors of new product team performance Organization Science 3 1992 321 341
8. H.I. Ansoff, J. Avner, R.G. Brandenburg, F.E. Portner, and R. Radosevich Does planning pay? The effect of planning on success of acquisitions in American firms Long Range Planning 3 2 1970 2 7
9. H.I. Ansoff Critique of Henry Mintzberg's 'the design school: reconsidering the basic premises of strategic management' Strategic Management Journal 12 1991 449 461
10. J.S. Armstrong The value of formal planning for strategic decisions: review of empirical research Strategic Management Journal 3 1982 197 211
11. J.D. *Arthurs, R.E. Hoskisson, L.W. Busenitz, and R.A. Johnson Managerial agents watching other agents: multiple agency conflicts regarding underpricing in IPO firms Academy of Management Journal 51 2008 277 294
12. D.B. Audretsch, I. Grilo, and A.R. Thurik Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship Policy 2007 Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK-Northampton, MA
13. D.B. Audretsch, H.M. Grimm, and S. Schuetze Local strategies within a European policy framework European Planning Studies 17 2009 463 486
14. M. Ayyagari, T. Beck, and A. Demirguc-Kunt Small and medium enterprises across the globe Small Business Economics 29 2007 415 434
15. Azriel, J.A.; 2003. Small, High-Technology Firms and their Larger Strategic Alliance Partners: Entrepreneurial and Resource-Based Perspectives. Doctoral dissertation. University at Albany, State University of New York.
16. R. Bales, and E. Borgatta Size of group as a factor in interaction profile A. Hare, E. Borgatta, R. Bales, Small Groups: Studies in Social Interaction 1962 Knopf New York 396 413
17. C.E. *Bamford, T.J. Dean, and P.P. McDougall An examination of the impact of initial founding conditions and decisions upon the performance of new bank start-ups Journal of Business Venturing 15 2000 253 277
18. J.B. Barney Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage Journal of Management 17 1991 99 120
19. J.B. *Barney, L.W. Busenitz, J.O. Fiet, and D.D. Moesel New venture teams' assessment of learning assistance from venture capital firms Journal of Business Venturing 11 1996 257 272
20. B. *Batjargal Internet entrepreneurship: social capital, human capital and performance of new internet ventures in China Research Policy 36 2007 605 618
21. B. *Batjargal The effects of network's structural holes Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 4 2010 146 163
22. J.A.C. *Baum, and B.S. Silverman Picking winners or building them? Alliance, intellectual, and human capital as selection criteria in venture financing and performance of biotechnology startups Journal of Business Venturing 19 2004 411 436
23. J.R. *Baum, and B.J. Bird The successful intelligence of high-growth entrepreneurs: links to new venture growth Organization Science 42 2010 397 412
24. J.R. *Baum, and E.A. Locke The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth Journal of Applied Psychology 89 2004 587 598
25. W.J. Baumol Entrepreneurship in economic theory American Economic Review 58 2 1968 64 71
26. W.J. Baumol Entrepreneurship: productive, unproductive and destructive Journal of Political Economy 98 1990 893 921
27. W.J. Baumol, R.E. Litan, and C.J. Schramm Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism, and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity 2007 Yale University Press New Haven-London
28. W.J. Baumol The Microtheory of Innovative Entrepreneurship 2010 Princeton University Press New Jersey
29. W.J. Baumol, and A.S. Blinder Economics: Principles and Policy 11th ed. 2010 South-Western Cengage Learning Mason, OH (2010 Update)
30. R.M. *Beal, and M. Yasai-Ardekani Performance implications of aligning CEO functional experiences with competitive strategies Journal of Management 26 2000 733 762
31. M. *Becerra, R. Lunnan, and L. Huemer Trustworthiness, risk, and the transfer of tacit and explicit knowledge between alliance partners Journal of Management Studies 45 2008 691 713
32. T. Beck, A. Demirgüç-Kunt, and V. Maksimovic Financial and legal constraints to growth: does firm size matter? Journal of Finance 60 2005 137 177
33. G.S. Becker Human Capital 1964 Columbia Press New York
34. S.O. Becker, and L. Wößmann Was Weber wrong? A human capital theory of Protestant economic history The Quarterly Journal of Economics 124 2009 531 596
35. C.M. *Beckman, M.D. Burton, and C. O'Reilly Early teams: the impact of team demography on VC financing and going public Journal of Business Venturing 22 2007 147 173
36. T.M. *Begley Using founder status, age of firm, and company growth rate as the basis for distinguishing entrepreneurs from managers of smaller businesses Journal of Business Venturing 10 1995 249 263
37. M. Benz, and B. Frey Being independent is a great thing: subjective evaluations of self-employment and hierarchy Economica 75 2008 362 383
38. J.A. *Berman, D.D. Gordon, and G. Sussman A study to determine the benefits small business firms derive from sophisticated planning versus less sophisticated planning Journal of Business and Economic Studies 3 3 1997 1 11
39. Y. Bian Bringing strong ties back in: indirect ties, network bridges, and job searches in China American Sociological Review 62 1997 366 385
40. C.B. *Bingham, K.M. Eisenhardt, and N.R. Furr What makes a process a capability? Heuristics, strategy, and effective capture of opportunities Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 1 2007 27 47
41. D.G. Blanchflower, and A.J. Oswald International happiness: a new view on the measure of performance Academy of Management Perspectives 25 2011 6 22
42. D.G. Blanchflower, A. Oswald, and A. Stutzer Latent entrepreneurship across nations European Economic Review 45 2001 680 691
43. W. *Boeker, and R. Wiltbank New venture evolution and managerial capabilities Organization Science 16 2005 123 133
44. C. *Boone, and B. de Brabander Generalized versus specific locus of control expectancies of chief executive officers Strategic Management Journal 14 1993 619 625
45. C. *Boone, and W. Hendriks Top management team diversity and firm performance: moderators of functional-background and locus-of-control diversity Management Science 55 2009 165 180
46. M. Borenstein, L. Hedges, J. Higgins, and H. Rothstein Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2.0 2005 Biostat Englewood, NJ
47. Borenstein, M.; Hedges, L.; Rothstein, H.; 2007. Meta-Analysis Fixed Effect versus Random Effects, Downloaded on 13 August 2011 from http://www.meta-analysis.com/.
48. P. Bourdieu The forms of capital J.G. Richardson, Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education 1986 Greenwood Press New York 241 258
49. T. *Box, J.L. Beisel, and L.R. Watts Thai entrepreneurs: an empirical investigation of individual differences, background and scanning behavior Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal 1 1995 18 25
50. T. *Box, M.A. White, and S.H. Barr A contingency model of new manufacturing firm performance Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 18 2 1993 31 45
51. Branko, B.; 2004. The Mediating Role of Organizational Legitimacy in Resource-Based Models of Firm Performance. Doctoral dissertation. Case Western Reserve University.
52. P.J. Brews, and M.R. Hunt Learning to plan and planning to learn: resolving the planning school/learning school debate Strategic Management Journal 20 1999 889 913
53. J. Brinckmann, D. Grichnik, and D. Kapsa Should entrepreneurs plan or just storm the castle? A meta-analysis on contextual factors impacting the business planning-performance relationship in small firms Journal of Business Venturing 25 2010 24 40
54. J. Brinckmann, and M. Högl Effects of initial teamwork capability and initial relational capability on the development of new technology-based firms Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 5 2011 37 57
55. O. *Brunninge, M. Nordqvist, and J. Wiklund Corporate governance and strategic change in SMEs: the effects of ownership, board composition and top management teams Small Business Economics 29 2007 295 308
56. C.G. *Brush, and R. Chaganti Business without glamour? An analysis of resources on performance by size and age in small service and retail firms Journal of Business Venturing 14 1999 233 257
57. C.G. Brush, and P.A. VanderWerf A comparison of methods and sources for obtaining estimates of new venture performance Journal of Business Venturing 7 1992 157 161
58. J.H. *Burgers, J.J.P. Jansen, F.A.J. Van den Bosch, and H.W. Volberda Structural differentiation and corporate venturing: the moderating role of formal and informal integration mechanisms Journal of Business Venturing 24 2009 206 220
59. A. *Burke, S. Fraser, and F.J. Greene The multiple effects of business planning on new venture performance Journal of Management Studies 47 2010 391 415
60. T. Burns, and G.M. Stalker The Management of Innovation 1961 Tavistock London
61. L.W. Busenitz, and C.M. Lau A cross-cultural cognitive model of new venture creation Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 20 4 1996 25 39
62. J.L. *Capelleras, F.J. Greene, H. Kantis, and R. Rabetino Venture creation speed and subsequent growth: evidence from South America Journal of Small Business Management 48 2010 302 324
63. E.G. Carayannis, and M. von Zedtwitz Architecting gloCal (global-local), real-virtual incubator networks (G-RVINs) as catalysts and accelerators of entrepreneurship in transitioning and developing economies: lessons learned and best practices from current development and business incubation practices Technovation 25 2005 95 110
64. nd ed. 2010 Springer New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg and London 557 594
65. S.J. *Carson, A. Madhok, R. Varman, and G. John Information processing moderators of the effectiveness of trust-based governance in interfirm R&D collaboration Organization Science 14 1 2003 45 56
66. N.M. *Carter, W.B. Gartner, and P.D. Reynolds Exploring start-up sequences Journal of Business Venturing 11 1996 151 166
67. N.M. *Carter, M. Williams, and P.D. Reynolds Discontinuance among new firms in retail: the influence of initial resources, strategy, and gender Journal of Business Venturing 12 1997 125 145
68. S. Carter The rewards of entrepreneurship: exploring the incomes, wealth, and economic well-being of entrepreneurial households Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 35 2011 39 55
69. R. *Chaganti, and J.A. Schneer A study of impact of owner's mode of entry on venture performance and management patterns Journal of Business Venturing 9 1994 243 260
70. R.S. *Chaganti, A.D. Watts, R. Chaganti, and M. Zimmermann-Treichel Ethnic-immigrants in founding teams: effects on prospector strategy and performance in new Internet ventures Journal of Business Venturing 23 2008 113 139
71. G.N. *Chandler, and S.H. Hanks Founder competence, the environment, and venture performance Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 18 3 1994 77 90
72. G.N. *Chandler, and E. Jansen The founder's self-assessed competence and venture performance Journal of Business Venturing 7 1992 223 236
73. G.N. *Chandler, and D.W. Lyon Involvement in knowledge-acquisition activities by venture team members and venture performance Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33 2009 571 592
74. D. *Chen, S.H. Park, and W. Newburry Parent contribution and organizational control in international joint ventures Strategic Management Journal 30 2009 1133 1156
75. J.J. *Chrisman, E. McMullan, and J. Hall The influence of guided preparation on the long-term performance of new ventures Journal of Business Venturing 20 2005 769 791
76. M.A. *Ciavarella, A.K. Buchholtz, C.M. Riordan, R.D. Gatewood, and G.S. Stokes The big five and venture survival: is there a linkage? Journal of Business Venturing 19 2004 465 483
77. J.E. *Cliff Does one size fit all? Exploring the relationship between attitudes towards growth, gender, and business size Journal of Business Venturing 13 1998 523 542
78. A.C. Cooper Challenges in predicting new firm performance Journal of Business Venturing 8 1993 241 253
79. A.C. Cooper, and A.V. Bruno Success among high-technology firms Business Horizons 20 2 1977 16 22
80. A.C. Cooper, F.J. Gimeno-Gascon, and C.Y. Woo Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance Journal of Business Venturing 9 1994 371 395
81. A. *Cooper, M. Ramachandran, and D. Schoorman Time allocation patterns of craftsmen and administrative entrepreneurs: implications for financial performance Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 22 2 1997 123 136
82. Crusoe, E.E.; 2000. Planning in Small Firms: Extent and Effect. Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL.
83. D.R. Dalton, C.M. Daily, S.T. Certo, and R. Roengpitya Meta-analyses of corporate financial performance and equity: fusion or confusion? Academy of Management Journal 46 2003 13 26
84. P. *Davidsson, and B. Honig The role of social capital and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs Journal of Business Venturing 18 2003 301 331
85. D.M. *De Carolis, B.E. Litzky, and K.A. Eddleston Why networks enhance the progress of new venture creation: the influence of social capital and cognition Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33 2009 527 545
86. D. *De Clerq, and H.J. Sapienza Effects of relational capital and commitment on venture capitalists' perception of portfolio company performance Journal of Business Venturing 21 2006 326 347
87. F. *Delmar, and S. Shane Does business planning facilitate the development of new ventures? Strategic Management Journal 24 2003 1165 1185
88. F. *Delmar, and S. Shane Legitimating first: organizing activities and the survival of new ventures Journal of Business Venturing 19 2004 385 410
89. J.C. *Dencker, M. Gruber, and S.K. Shah Pre-entry knowledge, learning, and the survival of new firms Organization Science 20 2009 516 537
90. P.H. Dickson, K.M. Weaver, and F. Hoy Opportunism in the R&D alliances of SMEs. The role of the institutional environment and SME size Journal of Business Venturing 21 2006 487 513
91. Dingkun, G.; 2003. Startup Valuation by Venture Capitalists: A Strategic Management Approach. Doctoral dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
92. J. *Doutriaux Emerging high-tech firms: how durable are their comparative start-up advantages? Journal of Business Venturing 7 1992 303 322
93. E. *Døving, and P.N. Gooderham Dynamic capabilities as antecedents of the scope of related diversification: the case of small firm accountancy practices Strategic Management Journal 29 2008 841 857
94. L.F. *Edelman, C.G. Brush, and T. Manolova Co-alignment in the resource-performance relationship: strategy as a mediator Journal of Business Venturing 20 2005 359 383
95. K.M. Eisenhardt, and C.B. Schoonhoven Organizational growth: linking founding team, strategy, environment, and growth among U.S. semiconductor ventures, 1978-1988 Administrative Science Quarterly 35 1990 504 529
96. A. Erez, M.C. Bloom, and M.T. Wells Using random rather than fixed effects models in meta-analysis: implications for situational specificity and validity generalization Personnel Psychology 49 1996 275 306
97. A. *Escribá-Esteve, L. Sánchez-Peinado, and E. Sánchez-Peinado The influence of top management teams in the strategic orientation and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises British Journal of Management 20 2009 581 597
98. J.B. *Farrell, P.C. Flood, S. Mac Curtain, A. Hannigan, J. Dawson, and M. West CEO leadership, top team trust and the combination and exchange of information Irish Journal of Management 26 2005 22 40
99. M.A. *Fasci, and J. Valdez A performance contrast of male- and female-owned small accounting practices Journal of Small Business Management 36 3 1998 1 7
100. D. Federici, F. Ferrante, and D. Vistocco On the sources of entrepreneurial talent in Italy: tacit versus codified knowledge Journal of Knowledge Management 6 6 2008 7 28
101. S.A. *Fernhaber, and D. Li The impact of interorganizational imitation on new venture international entry and performance Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 34 2010 1 30
102. F. Ferrante Revealing entrepreneurial talent Small Business Economics 25 2005 159 174
103. Florin, J.M.; 2001. Born to Go Public: Human Capital, Social Capital, and Fundability of High-Potential Technology Ventures. Doctoral dissertation. University of Connecticut.
104. J. *Florin Is venture capital worth it? Effects on firm performance and founder returns Journal of Business Venturing 20 2005 113 135
105. D.P. *Forbes The effects of strategic decision making on entrepreneurial self-efficacy Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 29 2005 599 626
106. D.P. *Forbes Are some entrepreneurs more confident than others? Journal of Business Venturing 20 2005 623 640
107. J. Foster Productivity, creative destruction and innovation policy: some implications from the Australian experience Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice 12 2010 355 368
108. M. *Freel, and J.P.J. de Jong Market novelty, competence-seeking and innovation networking Technovation 29 2009 873 884
109. J.H. Freeman, G.R. Carroll, and M.T. Hannan The liability of newness: age dependence in organizational death rates American Sociological Review 48 1983 692 710
110. M. Frese, A. Bausch, P. Schmidt, A. Rauch, and R. Kabst Evidence-based entrepreneurship: cumulative science, action principles, and bridging the gap between science and practice Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship 8 1 2012 1 62
111. M. *Frese, S. Krauss, N. Keith, S. Escher, R. Grabarkiewicz, S.T. Luneng, C. Heers, J. Unger, and C. Friedrich Business owners' action planning and its relationship to business success in three African countries Journal of Applied Psychology 92 2007 1481 1498
112. H.G. *Fung, X.E. Xu, and W.Z. Zhang On the financial performance of private enterprises in China Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 12 2007 399 414
113. G. George, and S.A. Zahra Culture and its consequences for entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 26 4 2002 5 8
114. I. Geyskens, R. Krishnan, J.B.E.M. Steenkamp, and P.V. Cunha A review and evaluation of meta-analysis practices in management research Journal of Management 35 2009 392 419
115. J. *Gimeno, T.B. Folta, A.C. Cooper, and C.Y. Woo Survival of the fittest? Entrepreneurial human capital and the persistence of underperforming firms Administrative Science Quarterly 42 1997 750 783
116. E. *Gimmon, and J. Levie Founder's human capital, external investment, and the survival of new high-technology ventures Research Policy 39 2010 1214 1226
117. M. *Goedhuys, and L. Sleuwaegen High-growth entrepreneurial firms in Africa: a quantile regression approach Small Business Economics 34 2010 31 51
118. M.S. Granovetter The strength of weak ties American Journal of Sociology 78 1973 1360 1380
119. M. Granovetter Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness American Journal of Sociology 91 1985 481 510
120. M. *Gruber, I.C. MacMillan, and J.D. Thompson Look before you leap: market opportunity identification in emerging technology firms Management Science 54 2008 1652 1665
121. S. *Haber, and A. Reichel The cumulative nature of the entrepreneurial process: the contribution of human capital, planning and environment resources to small venture performance Journal of Business Venturing 22 2007 119 145
122. B.H. Hamilton Does entrepreneurship pay? An empirical analysis of the returns to self-employment Journal of Political Economy 108 2000 604 631
123. J. Hartog, M. van Praag, and J. van der Sluis If you are so smart, why aren't you an entrepreneur? Returns to cognitive and social ability: entrepreneurs versus employees Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 19 2010 947 989
124. Hayton, J.C.; 2002. The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Entrepreneurial Orientation in High Technology New Ventures. Doctoral dissertation. J. Mack Robinson College of Business Georgia State University.
125. J.C. Hayton, G. Gerard, and S.A. Zahra National culture and entrepreneurship: a review of behavioral research Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 26 4 2002 33 52
126. J.J. Heckman Policies to foster human capital Research in Economics 54 2000 3 56
127. H. *Higashide, and S. Birley The consequences of conflict between the venture capitalist and the entrepreneurial team in the United Kingdom from the perspective of the venture capitalist Journal of Business Venturing 17 2002 59 81
128. K.M. *Hmieleski Entrepreneur improvisational behavior and new venture performance: a social cognitive perspective A. Zacharakis, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 2009 2009 Babson College Babson Park, MA
129. K.M. *Hmieleski, and R.A. Baron When does entrepreneurial self-efficacy enhance versus reduce performance? Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 2 2008 57 72
130. K.M. *Hmieleski, and R.A. Baron Regulatory focus and new venture performance: a study of entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation under conditions of risk versus uncertainty Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 2 2008 285 299
131. K.M. *Hmieleski, and J.C. Carr The relationship between entrepreneur psychological capital and new venture performance A. Zacharakis, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 2008 2008 Babson College Babson Park, MA
132. K.M. *Hmieleski, and M.D. Ensley A contextual examination of new venture performance: entrepreneur leadership behavior, top management team heterogeneity, and environmental dynamism Journal of Organizational Behavior 28 2007 865 889
133. H. Hoang, and B. Antoncic Network-based research in entrepreneurship: a critical review Journal of Business Venturing 18 2003 165 187
134. G. Hofstede, and G.J. Hofstede Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind 2nd ed. 2005 McGraw-Hill New York
135. Holcomb, T.R.; 2007. Organizational Resources, Industry Membership, and Firm Performance: The Role of Capability Formation and Use in Value Creation for IPO-Stage New Ventures. Doctoral dissertation. Texas A&M University.
136. B. *Honig What determines success? Examining the human, financial, and social capital of Jamaican microentrepreneurs Journal of Business Venturing 13 1998 371 394
137. B. *Honig Human capital and structural upheaval: a study of manufacturing firms in the West Bank Journal of Business Venturing 16 2001 575 594
138. B. *Honig, and T. Karlsson Institutional forces and the written business plan Journal of Management 30 2004 29 48
139. D.H. *Hsu Experienced entrepreneurial founders, organizational capital and venture capital funding Research Policy 36 2007 722 741
140. J.E. Hunter, and F.L. Schmidt Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings 2nd ed. 2004 Sage Publications Thousand Oaks, CA
141. International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook, October 2010: Recovery, Risk, and Rebalancing 2010 Accessed online in August 2011 at www.imf.org
142. H. *Jo, and J. Lee The relationship between an entrepreneur's background and performance in a new venture Technovation 16 1996 161 171
143. Kelley, D.J.; Singer, S.; Herrington, M.; 2012. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. 2011 Global Report, Downloaded on 18 September 2012 from http://www.gemconsortium.org/docs/download/2409.
144. Khavul, S.; 2001. Money and Knowledge: Sources of Seed Capital and the Performance of High-Technology Start-Ups. Doctoral dissertation. Boston University.
145. J.W. *Kim, and M.C. Higgins Where do alliances come from? The effects of upper echelons on alliance formation. Research policy 36 2007 499 514
146. D.R. King, D.R. Dalton, C.M. Daily, and J.G. Covin Meta-analyses of post-acquisition performance: indications of unidentified moderators Strategic Management Journal 25 2004 187 200
147. Kishida, R.; 2005. An Analysis of New Venture Performance: Linking Product Innovation and Legitimation. Doctoral dissertation. Case Western Reserve University.
148. A.H. Kirca, G.T.M. Hult, K. Roth, S.T. Cavusgil, M.Z. Perry, M.B. Akdeniz, S.Z. Deligonul, J.A. Mena, W.A. Pollitte, J.J. Hoppner, J.C. Miller, and R.C. White Firm-specific assets, multinationality, and financial performance: a meta-analytic review and theoretical integration Academy of Management Journal 54 2011 47 72
149. D. Kirsch, B. Goldfarb, and A. Gera Form or substance: the role of business plans in venture capital decision making Strategic Management Journal 30 2009 487 515
150. F.H. Knight Risk, Uncertainty and Profit 1933 ed. 1921 Houghton Mifflin New York, NY
151. Y.Y. *Kor Experience-based top management team competence and sustained growth Organization Science 14 2003 707 719
152. M. Koslowsky, and A. Sagie On the efficacy of credibility intervals as indicators of moderator effects in meta-analytic research Journal of Organizational Behavior 14 1993 695 699
153. S.K. *Kundu, and J.A. Katz Born-international SMEs: BI-level impacts of resources and intentions Small Business Economics 20 2003 25 47
154. P.J. *Lane, J.E. Salk, and M.A. Lyles Absorptive capacity, learning, and performance in international joint ventures Strategic Management Journal 22 2001 1139 1161
155. J.E. *Lange, A. Mollov, M. Pearlmutter, S. Singh, and W.D. Bygrave Pre-start-up formal business plans and post-start-up performance: a study of 116 new ventures Venture Capital 9 2007 237 256
156. E. *Larsson, L. Hedelin, and T. Gärling Influence of expert advice on expansion goals of small businesses in rural Sweden Journal of Small Business Management 41 2003 205 212
157. P. Lawrence, and J. Lorsch Organization and Environment 1967 Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA
158. E. Lazear Entrepreneurship Journal of Labor Economics 23 2005 649 680
159. C. *Lee, K. Lee, and J.M. Pennings Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: a study on technology based ventures Strategic Management Journal 22 2001 615 640
160. D.Y. *Lee, and E.W.K. Tsang The effects of entrepreneurial personality, background and network activities on venture growth Journal of Management Studies 38 2001 583 602
161. M. *Lerner, and T. Almor Relationships among strategic capabilities and the performance of women-owned small ventures Journal of Small Business Management 40 2002 109 125
162. M. *Lerner, C. Brush, and R. Hisrich Israeli women entrepreneurs: an examination of factors affecting performance Journal of Business Venturing 12 1997 315 339
163. M. *Lerner, and S. Haber Performance factors of small tourism ventures: the interface of tourism, entrepreneurship and the environment Journal of Business Venturing 16 2001 77 100
164. Li, H.Y. 1998. Marketing Strategies and New Venture Performance in China's Transitional Economy. Doctoral dissertation. City University of Hong Kong.
165. H. *Li, and Y. Zhang The role of managers' political networking and functional experience in new venture performance: evidence from China's transition economy Strategic Management Journal 28 2007 791 804
166. B.W. *Lin, P.C. Li, and J.S. Chen Social capital, capabilities, and entrepreneurial strategies: a study of Taiwanese high-tech new ventures Technological Forecasting and Social Change 73 2006 168 181
167. J.L. *Lin, S.C. Fang, S.R. Fang, and F.S. Tsai Network embeddedness and technology transfer performance in R&D consortia in Taiwan Technovation 29 2009 763 774
168. Y. *Ling, and F.W. Kellermanns The effects of family firm specific sources of TMT diversity: the moderating role of information exchange frequency Journal of Management Studies 47 2010 322 344
169. M.W. Lipsey, and D.B. Wilson Practical Meta-Analysis 2001 Sage Publications Inc Thousand Oaks, CA
170. M.H. *Lubatkin, Z. Simsek, Y. Ling, and J.F. Veiga Ambidexterity and performance in small- to medium-sized firms: the pivotal role of top management team behavioral integration Journal of Management 32 2006 646 672
171. M.A. *Lyles, T. Saxton, and K. Watson Venture survival in a transitional economy Journal of Management 30 2004 351 375
172. A. Macpherson, and R. Holt Knowledge, learning and small firm growth: a systematic review of the evidence Research Policy 36 2007 172 192
173. T.S. *Manolova, N.M. Carter, I.M. Manev, and B.S. Gyoshev The differential effect of men and women entrepreneurs' human capital and networking on growth expectancies in Bulgaria Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 31 2007 407 426
174. Matthews, C.H.; 1990. Small Firm Strategic Planning: Strategy, Environment, and Performance. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati.
175. C.H. *Matthews, and S. Scott Uncertainty and planning in small and entrepreneurial firms: an empirical assessment Journal of Small Business Management 33 4 1995 34 52
176. C.H. *Matthews, M.W. Ford, and S.E. Human The context of new venture initiation: comparing growth expectations of nascent entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs W.D. Bygrave, E. Autio, C.G. Brush, P. Davidsson, P.G. Green, P.D. Reynolds, H.J. Sapienza, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 2001 2001 Babson College Babson Park, MA
177. B. *McEvily, and A. Marcus Embedded ties and the acquisition of competitive capabilities Strategic Management Journal 26 2005 1033 1055
178. J.E. *McGee, M.J. Dowling, and W.L. Megginson Cooperative strategy and new venture performance: the role of business strategy and management experience Strategic Management Journal 16 1995 568 580
179. R.G. McGrath, I.C. MacMillan, and S. Scheinberg Elitists, risk-takers, and rugged individualists? An exploratory analysis of cultural differences between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs Journal of Business Venturing 7 1992 115 135
180. T. Mengistae Competition and entrepreneur's human capital in small business longevity and growth Journal of Development Studies 42 2006 812 836
181. F. *Meziou Areas of strength and weakness in the adoption of the marketing concept by small manufacturing firms Journal of Small Business Management 29 4 1991 72 78
182. J.B. *Miner, N.R. Smith, and J.S. Bracker Role of entrepreneurial task motivation in the growth of technologically innovative firms: interpretations from follow-up data Journal of Applied Psychology 79 1994 627 630
183. A. *Minguzzi, and R. Passaro The network of relationships between the economic environment and the entrepreneurial culture in small firms Journal of Business Venturing 16 2001 181 207
184. H. Mintzberg The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning 1994 The Free Press New York, NY
185. R.K. *Mitchell, J.R. Mitchell, and J.B. Smith Inside opportunity formation: enterprise failure, cognition, and the creation of opportunities Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 2 2008 225 242
186. E.R. *Mollick In the Blood: Organizational History and the Heritability of New Venture Performance 2010 Downloaded on 12 March, 2012 from wwww.ssrn.com
187. M.H. *Morris, R.O. Williams, J.A. Allen, and R.A. Avila Correlates of success in family business transitions Journal of Business Venturing 12 1997 358 401
188. K. Murphy, A. Shleifer, and R. Vishny The allocation of talent: implications for growth Quarterly Journal of Economics 106 1991 503 530
189. T.N. *Mursitama Creating relational rents: the effect of business groups on affiliated firms' performance in Indonesia Asia Pacific Journal of Management 23 2006 537 557
190. L.A. *Muse, M.W. Rutherford, S.L. Oswald, and J.E. Raymond Commitment to employees: does it help or hinder small business performance? Small Business Economics 24 2005 97 111
191. S. *Nadkarni, and P. Herrmann CEO personality, strategic flexibility, and firm performance: the case of the Indian business process outsourcing industry Academy of Management Journal 53 2010 1050 1073
192. J. Nahapiet, and S. Ghoshal Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage Academy of Management Review 23 1998 242 266
193. W. Naudé Entrepreneurship is not a binding constraint on growth and development in the poorest countries World Development 39 2011 33 44
194. L.S. *Niehm, J. Swinney, and N.J. Miller Community social responsibility and its consequences for family business performance Journal of Small Business Management 46 2008 331 350
195. J. *Niosi Alliances are not enough explaining rapid growth in biotechnology firms Research Policy 32 2003 737 750
196. Nyström, K.; 2008. Is entrepreneurship the salvation for enhanced economic growth? CESIS Electronic Working Paper Series, paper no. 143.
197. OECD Policy Brief: Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2006 Downloaded on 8 July 2011 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/53/27/37704120.pdf
198. H. *Okamuro Determinants of successful R&D cooperation in Japanese small businesses: the impact of organizational and contractual characteristics Research Policy 36 2007 1529 1544
199. B.J. *Orser, S. Hogarth-Scott, and A.L. Riding Performance, firm size, and management problem solving Journal of Small Business Management 38 4 2000 42 58
200. J. Oxley, and T. Wada Alliance structure and the scope of knowledge transfer: evidence from U.S.-Japan agreements Management Science 55 2009 635 649
201. B.I. *Park What matters to managerial knowledge acquisition in international joint ventures? High knowledge acquirers versus low knowledge acquirers Asia Pacific Journal of Management 27 2010 55 79
202. D. *Park, and H.A. Krishnan Supplier selection practices among small firms in the United States: testing three models Journal of Small Business Management 39 2001 259 271
203. H. *Patzelt, D. zu Knyphausen-Aufseß, and P. Nikol Top management teams, business models, and performance of biotechnology ventures: an upper echelon perspective British Journal of Management 19 2008 205 221
204. I. *Peña Business incubation centers and new firm growth in the Basque country Small Business Economics 22 2004 223 236
205. E.T. Penrose The Theory of the Growth of the Firm 1959 John Wiley & Sons New York
206. T.L. *Pett, and J.A. Wolff Firm characteristics and managerial perceptions of NAFTA: an assessment of export implications for U.S. SMEs Journal of Small Business Management 41 2003 117 132
207. J. Pfeffer, and G.R. Salancik The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective 1978 Harper and Row New York
208. A. Portes Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology Annual Review of Sociology 24 1998 12
209. T.C. *Powell Strategic planning as competitive advantage Strategic Management Journal 13 1992 551 558
210. A. *Rauch, M. Frese, and S. Sonnentag Cultural differences in planning/success relationships: a comparison of small enterprises in Ireland, West Germany, and East Germany Journal of Small Business Management 38 4 2000 28 41
211. A. *Rauch, M. Frese, and A. Utsch Effects of human capital and long-term human resources development and utilization on employment growth of small-scale businesses: a causal analysis Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 29 2005 681 698
212. O. *Raz, and P.A. Gloor Size really matters - new insights for start-ups' survival Management Science 53 2007 169 177
213. S. Read, M. Song, and W. Smit A meta-analytic review of effectuation and venture performance Journal of Business Venturing 24 2009 573 587
214. A.R. *Reuber, and E.M. Fischer Entrepreneurs' experience, expertise, and the performance of technology-based firms IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 41 1994 365 374
215. P.D. Reynolds, and R.T. Curtin Business creation in the United States: panel study of entrepreneurial dynamics II initial assessment Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship 4 3 2008 155 307
216. P.J. Robertson, D.R. Roberts, and J.I. Porras Dynamics of planned organizational change: assessing empirical support for a theoretical model Academy of Management Journal 36 1993 619 634
217. P.M. Romer Endogenous technological change Journal of Political Economy 98 1990 71 102
218. W. Rosenberg, and A. Donald Evidence based medicine: an approach to clinical problem-solving British Medical Journal 310 1995 1122 1126
219. N. Rosenbusch, J. Brinckmann, and A. Bausch Is innovation always beneficial? A meta-analysis of the relationship between innovation and performance in SMEs Journal of Business Venturing 26 2011 441 457
220. L. *Rosenkopf, and P. Almeida Overcoming local search through alliances and mobility Management Science 49 2003 751 766
221. R. Rosenthal The "file drawer problem" and tolerance for null results Psychological Bulletin 86 1979 638 641
222. K. *Saffu, and T. Manu Strategic capabilities of Ghanaian female business owners and the performance of their ventures Paper Presented at the ICSB World Conference Johannesburg, South Africa 2004
223. M. *Sambasivan, M. Abdul, and Y. Yusop Impact of personal qualities and management skills of entrepreneurs on venture performance in Malaysia: opportunity recognition skills as a mediating factor Technovation 29 2009 798 805
224. H.J. *Sapienza, A. Parhankangas, and E. Autio Knowledge relatedness and post-spin-off growth Journal of Business Venturing 19 2004 809 829
225. Y. *Sarason, and L.F. Tegarden The erosion of competitive advantage of strategic planning: a configuration theory and resource based view Journal of Business and Management 9 2003 1 20
226. SBA U.S. Small Business Administration - Table of Small Business Size Standards Matched to North American Industry Classification System Codes 2010 Downloaded on 7 July 2011 from http://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/Size- Standards-Table.pdf
227. W.S. *Schulze, M.H. Lubatkin, and R.N. Dino Exploring the agency consequences of ownership dispersion among the directors of private family firms Academy of Management Journal 46 2003 179 194
228. J.A. Schumpeter Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy 5th ed. 1976 George Allen and Unwin Ltd. London
229. Senjem, J.C.; 2001. Human Capital Gains: How the Investment and Allocation of Human Capital Affects Performance of High Technology Initial Public Offering firms. Doctoral dissertation. University of Colorado at Boulder.
230. S. Shane A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity Nexus 2003 Edward Elgar Cheltenham, U.K
231. R.J. Shea-Van Fossen, H.R. Rothstein, and H.J. Korn Thirty-five years of strategic planning and firm performance research: a meta-analysis Academy of Management Proceedings 1 2006 M1 M6
232. R. *Shrader, and D.S. Siegel Assessing the relationship between human capital and firm performance: evidence from technology-based new ventures Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 31 2007 893 908
233. W.D. *Sine, H. Mitsuhashi, and D.A. Kirsch Revisiting Burns and Stalker: formal structure and new venture performance in emerging economic sectors Academy of Management Journal 49 2006 121 132
234. S. Slotte-Kock, and N. Coviello Entrepreneurship research on network processes: a review and ways forward Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 34 2010 31 57
235. D.H. *Smaltz, V. Sambamurthy, and R. Agarwal The antecedents of CIO role effectiveness in organizations: an empirical study in the healthcare sector IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 53 2006 207 222
236. P.H. *Soh Network patterns and competitive advantage before the emergence of a dominant design Strategic Management Journal 31 2010 438 461
237. L.Z. *Song, C.A. Di Benedetto, and M. Song Competitive advantages in the first product of new ventures IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 57 2010 88 102
238. M. Song, K. Podoynitsyna, H. van der Bij, and J.I.M. Halmann Success factors in new ventures: a meta-analysis Journal of Product Innovation Management 25 2008 7 27
239. E. *Stam, and K. Wennberg The roles of R&D in new firm growth Small Business Economics 33 2009 77 89
240. W. *Stam Industry event participation and network brokerage among entrepreneurial ventures Journal of Management Studies 47 2010 625 653
241. W. *Stam, and T. Elfring Entrepreneurial orientation and new venture performance: the moderating role of intra- and extraindustry social capital Academy of Management Journal 51 2008 97 111
242. D. Stangler The Economic Future Just Happened 2009 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Kansas City, MO Kansas City
243. P.E. *Stetz, R. Howell, A. Stewart, J.D. Blair, and M.D. Fottler Multidimensionality of entrepreneurial firm-level processes: do the dimensions covary? S.A. Zahra, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 2005 2005 Babson College Babson Park, MA
244. Stewart, K.S.; 2003. The Relationship between Strategic Planning and Growth in Small Firms. Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University.
245. J.E. Stiglitz, A. Sen, and J.P. Fitoussi Mismeasuring Our Lives: Why GDP doesn't Add Up 2010 New Press New York
246. A. Stinchcombe Social structure and organizations J. March, Handbook of Organizations 1965 Rand McNally Chicago, IL 141 193
247. T.E. Stuart, H. Hoang, and R.C. Hybels Interorganizational endorsements and the performance of entrepreneurial ventures Administrative Science Quarterly 44 1999 315 349
248. A. *Tiwana, and A.A. Bush Continuance in expertise-sharing networks: a social perspective IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 52 2005 85 101
249. E.T. *Tornikoski, and S.L. Newbert Networks, networking activity and organizational emergence A. Zacharakis, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 2007 2007 Babson College Babson Park, MA
250. K.H. *Tsai Collaborative networks and product innovation performance: toward a contingency perspective Research Policy 38 2009 765 778
251. D. *Ucbasaran, A. Lockett, M. Wright, and P. Westhead Entrepreneurial founder teams: factors associated with member entry and exit Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 28 2003 107 128
252. J.M. *Unger, N. Keith, C. Hilling, M.M. Gielnik, and M. Frese Deliberate practice among South African small business owners: relationships with education, cognitive ability, knowledge, and success Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 82 2009 21 44
253. J.M. Unger, A. Rauch, M. Frese, and N. Rosenbusch Human capital and entrepreneurial success: a meta-analytic review Journal of Business Venturing 26 2011 341 358
254. J.L. *van Gelder, R.E. de Vries, M. Frese, and J.P. Goutbeek Differences in psychological strategies of failed and operational business owners in the Fiji Islands Journal of Small Business Management 45 2007 388 400
255. M. *van Gelderen, M. Frese, and M. Thurik Strategies, uncertainty and performance of small business startups Small Business Economics 15 2000 165 181
256. C.M. van Praag, and H. van Ophem Determinants of willingness and opportunity to start as an entrepreneur Kyklos 48 1995 513 530
257. C.M. van Praag, and P.H. Versloot The economic benefits and costs of entrepreneurship: a review of the research Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship 4 2 2008 65 154
258. S. Venkataraman The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research: an editor's perspective J. Katz, R. Brockhaus, Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence, and Growth 3 1997 JAI Press Greenwich, CT 119 138
259. S. Venkataraman Regional transformation through technological entrepreneurship Journal of Business Venturing 19 2004 153 167
260. N. Venkatraman, and V. Ramanujam Construct validation of business economic performance measures: a structural equation modeling approach Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management San Diego 1985
261. N. Venkatraman, and V. Ramanujam Measurement of business performance in strategy research: a comparison of approaches Academy of Management Review 11 1986 801 814
262. B. *Vissa, and A.S. Chacar Leveraging ties: the contingent value of entrepreneurial teams' external advice networks on Indian software venture performance Strategic Management Journal 30 2009 1179 1191
263. A. *Walter, M. Auer, and T. Ritter The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance Journal of Business Venturing 21 2006 541 567
264. B.A. *Walters, M. Kroll, and P. Wright The impact of the TMT board member control and environment on post-IPO performance Academy of Management Journal 53 2010 572 595
265. W. *Watson, W.H. Stewart Jr.; and A. BarNir The effects of human capital, organizational demography, and interpersonal processes on venture partner perceptions of firm profit and growth Journal of Business Venturing 18 2003 143 164
266. K.M. *Weaver, and P.H. Dickson Outcome quality of small- to medium-sized enterprise-based alliances: the role of perceived partner behaviors Journal of Business Venturing 13 1998 505 522
267. U. Weitzel, D. Urbig, S. Desai, M. Sanders, and Z. Acs The good, the bad, and the talented: entrepreneurial talent and selfish behavior Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 76 2010 64 81
268. S. Wennekers, R. Thurik, A. van Stel, and N. Noorderhaven Uncertainty avoidance and the rate of business ownership across 21 OECD countries, 1976-2004 Journal of Evolutionary Economy 17 2007 133 160
269. S. Wennekers, L.M. Uhlaner, and R. Thurik Entrepreneurship and its conditions: a macro perspective International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 1 2002 25 68
270. S.A. Wheelan Group sizes, group development and group productivity Small Group Research 40 2009 247 262
271. J. *Wiklund, and D.A. Shepherd Aspiring for, and achieving growth: the moderating role of resources and opportunities Journal of Management Studies 40 2003 1919 1941
272. J. *Wiklund, and D.A. Shepherd Portfolio entrepreneurship: habitual and novice founders, new entry, and mode of organizing Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 32 2008 701 725
273. R. Wiltbank, N. Dew, S. Read, and S.D. Sarasvathy What to do next? The case for non-predictive strategy Strategic Management Journal 27 2006 981 998
274. J. *Wincent, S. Anokhin, D. Örtqvist, and E. Autio Quality meets structure: generalized reciprocity and firm-level advantage in strategic networks Journal of Management Studies 47 2010 597 624
275. M. *Wright, X. Liu, T. Buck, and I. Filatotchev Returnee entrepreneurs, science park location choice and performance: an analysis of high-technology SMEs in China Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 32 2008 131 155
276. W.P. Wu, and A. Leung Does a micro-macro link exist between managerial value of reciprocity, social capital and firm performance? The case of SMEs in China Asia Pacific Journal of Management 22 2005 445 543
277. Q. *Yang, R. Mudambi, and K.E. Meyer Conventional and reverse knowledge flows in multinational corporations Journal of Management 34 2008 882 902
278. H. *Yli-Renko, E. Autio, and H.J. Sapienza Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms Strategic Management Journal 22 2001 587 613
279. A. Zaheer, R. Gözübüyük, and H. Milanov It's the connections: the network perspective in interorganizational research Academy of Management Perspectives 24 2010 62 77
280. S.A. *Zahra Governance, ownership, and corporate entrepreneurship: the moderating impact of industry technological opportunities Academy of Management Journal 39 1996 1713 1735
281. S.A. *Zahra, and W.C. Bogner Technology strategy and software new ventures' performance: exploring the moderating effect of the competitive environment Journal of Business Venturing 15 2000 135 173
282. S.A. *Zahra, D.O. Neubaum, and M. Huse The effect of the environment on export performance among telecommunications new ventures Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 22 1 1997 25 46
283. S.A. *Zahra, D.O. Neubaum, and L. Naldi The effects of ownership and governance on SMEs' international knowledge-based resources Small Business Economics 29 2007 309 327
284. X. *Zhao, M. Frese, and A. Giardini Business owners' network size and business growth in China: the role of comprehensive social competency Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 22 2010 675 705
285. W. Zhang, W.W. Cooper, H. Deng, B.R. Parker, and T.W. Ruefli Entrepreneurial talent and economic development in China Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 44 2010 178 192
286. Y. *Zheng, J. Liu, and G. George The dynamic impact of innovative capability and inter-firm network on firm valuation: a longitudinal study of biotechnology start-ups Journal of Business Venturing 25 2010 593 609
287. M. *Zollo, J.J. Reuer, and H. Singh Interorganizational routines and performance in strategic alliances Organization Science 13 2002 701 713
288. H. *Zou, X. Chen, and P. Ghauri Antecedents and consequences of new venture growth strategy: an empirical study in China Asia Pacific Journal of Management 27 2010 393 421