메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 709, Issue 1-3, 2013, Pages 20-27

Heart dysfunction induced by choline-deficiency in adult rats: The protective role of l-carnitine

Author keywords

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP); Carnitine; Choline deficiency; Heart performance; Homocysteine; Rat

Indexed keywords

BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; CARNITINE; CHOLINE; HOMOCYSTEINE;

EID: 84877013692     PISSN: 00142999     EISSN: 18790712     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.025     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 0345713153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-carnitine prevents doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes: Role of inhibition of ceramide generation
    • N.A. Abadie, J.P. Jaffrezou, S. Hatem, G. Laurent, T. Levade, and J. Mercadier L-carnitine prevents doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes: role of inhibition of ceramide generation FASEB J. 13 1999 1501 1510
    • (1999) FASEB J. , vol.13 , pp. 1501-1510
    • Abadie, N.A.1    Jaffrezou, J.P.2    Hatem, S.3    Laurent, G.4    Levade, T.5    Mercadier, J.6
  • 2
    • 81355139595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of dietary choline
    • E. Biasi The effects of dietary choline Neurosci. Bull. 27 2011 330 342
    • (2011) Neurosci. Bull. , vol.27 , pp. 330-342
    • Biasi, E.1
  • 3
    • 80053324636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exercise intensity and altered substrate availability on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise after oral carnitine supplementation in athletes
    • E.M. Broad, R.J. Maughan, and S.D.R. Galloway Effects of exercise intensity and altered substrate availability on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise after oral carnitine supplementation in athletes Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 21 2011 385 397
    • (2011) Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. , vol.21 , pp. 385-397
    • Broad, E.M.1    Maughan, R.J.2    Galloway, S.D.R.3
  • 4
    • 28844438030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant effect of l-carnitine and its short chain esters: Relevance for the protection from oxidative stress related cardiovascular damage
    • L.A. Calò, E. Pagnin, P.A. Davis, A. Semplicini, R. Nicolai, M. Calvani, and A.C. Pessina Antioxidant effect of l-carnitine and its short chain esters: relevance for the protection from oxidative stress related cardiovascular damage Int. J. Cardiol. 8 2006 54 60
    • (2006) Int. J. Cardiol. , vol.8 , pp. 54-60
    • Calò, L.A.1    Pagnin, E.2    Davis, P.A.3    Semplicini, A.4    Nicolai, R.5    Calvani, M.6    Pessina, A.C.7
  • 5
    • 80054780486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol, psoriasis, liver disease, and anti-psoriasis drugs
    • N. Cassano, M. Vestita, D. Apruzzi, and G.A. Vena Alcohol, psoriasis, liver disease, and anti-psoriasis drugs Int. J. Dermatol. 50 2011 1323 1331
    • (2011) Int. J. Dermatol. , vol.50 , pp. 1323-1331
    • Cassano, N.1    Vestita, M.2    Apruzzi, D.3    Vena, G.A.4
  • 6
    • 77953812861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-Carnitine attenuates angiotensin II-induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts: Role of NADPH oxidase inhibition and decreased sphingosine-1- phosphate generation
    • H.H. Chao, C.H. Chen, J.C. Liu, J.W. Lin, K.L. Wong, and T.H. Cheng l-Carnitine attenuates angiotensin II-induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts: role of NADPH oxidase inhibition and decreased sphingosine-1- phosphate generation J. Nutr. Biochem. 21 2010 580 588
    • (2010) J. Nutr. Biochem. , vol.21 , pp. 580-588
    • Chao, H.H.1    Chen, C.H.2    Liu, J.C.3    Lin, J.W.4    Wong, K.L.5    Cheng, T.H.6
  • 7
    • 78651429337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-carnitine reduces doxorubicin-induced apoptosis through a prostacyclin-mediated pathway in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
    • H.H. Chao, J.C. Liu, H.J. Hong, J.W. Lin, C.H. Chen, and T.H. Cheng l-carnitine reduces doxorubicin-induced apoptosis through a prostacyclin- mediated pathway in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes Int. J. Cardiol. 146 2011 145 152
    • (2011) Int. J. Cardiol. , vol.146 , pp. 145-152
    • Chao, H.H.1    Liu, J.C.2    Hong, H.J.3    Lin, J.W.4    Chen, C.H.5    Cheng, T.H.6
  • 8
    • 0037317781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased systolic performance with diastolic dysfunction in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats
    • O.H. Cingolani, X.P. Yang, M.A. Cavasin, and O.A. Carretero Increased systolic performance with diastolic dysfunction in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats Hypertension 41 2003 249 254
    • (2003) Hypertension , vol.41 , pp. 249-254
    • Cingolani, O.H.1    Yang, X.P.2    Cavasin, M.A.3    Carretero, O.A.4
  • 10
    • 0030044041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-2 is markedly enhanced in long term choline-deficient rats
    • Z. Cui, and D.E. Vance Expression of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-2 is markedly enhanced in long term choline-deficient rats J. Biol. Chem. 271 1996 2839 2843
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 2839-2843
    • Cui, Z.1    Vance, D.E.2
  • 11
    • 14544279412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load
    • K.A. da Costa, C.E. Gaffney, L.M. Fisher, and S.H. Zeisel Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81 2005 440 444
    • (2005) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.81 , pp. 440-444
    • Da Costa, K.A.1    Gaffney, C.E.2    Fisher, L.M.3    Zeisel, S.H.4
  • 13
    • 4844226348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-carnitine protects gastric mucosa by decreasing ischemia-reperfusion induced lipid peroxidation
    • N. Derin, V.N. Izgut-Uysal, A. Agac, Y. Aliciguzel, and N. Demir l-carnitine protects gastric mucosa by decreasing ischemia-reperfusion induced lipid peroxidation J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 55 2004 595 606
    • (2004) J. Physiol. Pharmacol. , vol.55 , pp. 595-606
    • Derin, N.1    Izgut-Uysal, V.N.2    Agac, A.3    Aliciguzel, Y.4    Demir, N.5
  • 14
    • 33644915831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of long-term hyperhomocysteinemia on myocardial structure and function in hypertensive rats
    • S. Devi, R.H. Kennedy, L. Joseph, N.S. Shekhawat, R.B. Melchert, and J. Joseph Effect of long-term hyperhomocysteinemia on myocardial structure and function in hypertensive rats Cardiovasc. Pathol. 15 2006 75 82
    • (2006) Cardiovasc. Pathol. , vol.15 , pp. 75-82
    • Devi, S.1    Kennedy, R.H.2    Joseph, L.3    Shekhawat, N.S.4    Melchert, R.B.5    Joseph, J.6
  • 15
    • 84867946640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propionyl-l-carnitine improves endothelial function, microcirculation and pain management in critical limb ischemia
    • 10.1007/s10557-012-6408-y
    • S. De Marchi, S. Zecchetto, A. Rigoni, M. Prior, L. Fondrieschi, A. Scuro, F. Rulfo, and E. Arosio Propionyl-l-carnitine improves endothelial function, microcirculation and pain management in critical limb ischemia Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther 26 2012 401 408 10.1007/s10557-012-6408-y
    • (2012) Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther , vol.26 , pp. 401-408
    • De Marchi, S.1    Zecchetto, S.2    Rigoni, A.3    Prior, M.4    Fondrieschi, L.5    Scuro, A.6    Rulfo, F.7    Arosio, E.8
  • 16
    • 0030033292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline supplementation reduces urinary carnitine excretion in humans
    • W.L. Dodson, and D.S. Sachan Choline supplementation reduces urinary carnitine excretion in humans Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 63 1996 904 910
    • (1996) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.63 , pp. 904-910
    • Dodson, W.L.1    Sachan, D.S.2
  • 17
    • 0036211866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances towards understanding heart valve response to injury
    • A.D. Durbin, and A.I. Gotlieb Advances towards understanding heart valve response to injury Cardiovasc. Pathol. 11 2002 69 77
    • (2002) Cardiovasc. Pathol. , vol.11 , pp. 69-77
    • Durbin, A.D.1    Gotlieb, A.I.2
  • 18
    • 78149250549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary choline requirements of women: Effects of estrogen and genetic variation
    • L.M. Fisher, K.A. da Costa, L. Kwock, J. Galanko, and S.H. Zeisel Dietary choline requirements of women: effects of estrogen and genetic variation Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 92 2010 1113 1119
    • (2010) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.92 , pp. 1113-1119
    • Fisher, L.M.1    Da Costa, K.A.2    Kwock, L.3    Galanko, J.4    Zeisel, S.H.5
  • 20
    • 33644618872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant activity of propionyl-l-carnitine in liver and heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats
    • L. Gómez-Amores, A. Mate, E. Revilla, C. Santa-María, and C.M. Vázquez Antioxidant activity of propionyl-l-carnitine in liver and heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats Life Sci. 20 2006 1945 1952
    • (2006) Life Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 1945-1952
    • Gómez-Amores, L.1    Mate, A.2    Revilla, E.3    Santa-María, C.4    Vázquez, C.M.5
  • 21
    • 0023068040 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian sulfur amino acid metabolism: An overview
    • O.W. Griffith Mammalian sulfur amino acid metabolism: an overview Methods Enzymol. 143 1987 366 376
    • (1987) Methods Enzymol. , vol.143 , pp. 366-376
    • Griffith, O.W.1
  • 22
    • 84880916693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine predicts increased NT-proNT pro BNP-BNP through impaired fatty acid oxidation
    • in press
    • Guéant Rodriguez R.M., Spada R., Pooya S., Jeannesson E., Moreno Garcia M.A., Anello G., Bosco P., Elia M., Romano A., Alberto J.M., Juillière Y. and Guéant J.L., Homocysteine predicts increased NT-proNTproBNP-BNP through impaired fatty acid oxidation, Int. J. Cardiol 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.047, in press.
    • Int. J. Cardiol
    • Guéant Rodriguez, R.M.1
  • 25
    • 84891489906 scopus 로고
    • Further studies on choline deficiency and muscular dystrophy in rabbits
    • E.L. Hove, D.H. Copeland, J.F. Herndon, and W.D. Salmon Further studies on choline deficiency and muscular dystrophy in rabbits J. Nutr. 63 1957 289 299
    • (1957) J. Nutr. , vol.63 , pp. 289-299
    • Hove, E.L.1    Copeland, D.H.2    Herndon, J.F.3    Salmon, W.D.4
  • 26
    • 78651364560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnitine regulates myocardial metabolism by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) in alcoholic cardiomyopathy
    • L. Jing, L.J. Zhou, W.M. Li, F.M. Zhang, L. Yuan, S. Li, J. Song, and Y. Sang Carnitine regulates myocardial metabolism by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) in alcoholic cardiomyopathy Med. Sci. Monit. 17 2011 BR1 BR9
    • (2011) Med. Sci. Monit. , vol.17
    • Jing, L.1    Zhou, L.J.2    Li, W.M.3    Zhang, F.M.4    Yuan, L.5    Li, S.6    Song, J.7    Sang, Y.8
  • 28
    • 0013612851 scopus 로고
    • Fatal myocarditis in choline deficient rats fed ethyl laurate
    • H.D. Kesten, J. Salcedo, and W.D. Stetten Fatal myocarditis in choline deficient rats fed ethyl laurate J. Nutr. 29 1945 171 177
    • (1945) J. Nutr. , vol.29 , pp. 171-177
    • Kesten, H.D.1    Salcedo, J.2    Stetten, W.D.3
  • 30
    • 0037302738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelium and valvular diseases of the heart
    • R.L. Leask, N. Jain, and J. Butany Endothelium and valvular diseases of the heart Microsc. Res. Tech. 60 2003 129 137
    • (2003) Microsc. Res. Tech. , vol.60 , pp. 129-137
    • Leask, R.L.1    Jain, N.2    Butany, J.3
  • 31
    • 10344233758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction measured in vivo
    • D.J. Marcinek Mitochondrial dysfunction measured in vivo Acta Physiol. Scand. 182 2004 343 352
    • (2004) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.182 , pp. 343-352
    • Marcinek, D.J.1
  • 33
    • 0014973592 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine 14C metabolism in choline-deficient, alloxan diabetic choline-deficient and insulin-treated rats
    • M.A. Mehlman, D.G. Therriault, and R.G. Tobin Carnitine 14C metabolism in choline-deficient, alloxan diabetic choline-deficient and insulin-treated rats Metabolism 20 1978 100 107
    • (1978) Metabolism , vol.20 , pp. 100-107
    • Mehlman, M.A.1    Therriault, D.G.2    Tobin, R.G.3
  • 34
    • 79955421173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological effects and clinical applications of propionyl-l- carnitine
    • Mingorance, C., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, R., Justo, M.L., Herrera, M.D., de Sotomayor, M.A., 2011. Pharmacological effects and clinical applications of propionyl-l-carnitine. Nutr. Rev. 69, 279-290, http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00387.x.
    • (2011) Nutr. Rev. , vol.69 , pp. 279-290
    • Mingorance, C.1    Rodriguez-Rodriguez, R.2    Justo, M.L.3    Herrera, M.D.4    De Sotomayor, M.A.5
  • 35
    • 73649180837 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and morphological observations on choline-deficient rats. Effects of various levels of beef fat and cholesterol, and of injections of sulamerazine and parathyroid hormone
    • P.M. Newberne, and W.D. Salmon Biochemical and morphological observations on choline-deficient rats. Effects of various levels of beef fat and cholesterol, and of injections of sulamerazine and parathyroid hormone J. Nutr 79 1963 179 187
    • (1963) J. Nutr , vol.79 , pp. 179-187
    • Newberne, P.M.1    Salmon, W.D.2
  • 39
    • 80051785011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective action of l-carnitine on cardiac mitochondrial function and structure against fatty acid stress
    • E. Oyanagi, H. Yano, M. Uchida, K. Utsumi, and J. Sasaki Protective action of l-carnitine on cardiac mitochondrial function and structure against fatty acid stress Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 412 2011 61 67
    • (2011) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.412 , pp. 61-67
    • Oyanagi, E.1    Yano, H.2    Uchida, M.3    Utsumi, K.4    Sasaki, J.5
  • 45
    • 0016787979 scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium constants of the reactions of choline acetyltransferase, carnitine acetyltransferase, and acetylcholinesterase under physiological conditions
    • J.R. Pieklik, and R.W. Guynn Equilibrium constants of the reactions of choline acetyltransferase, carnitine acetyltransferase, and acetylcholinesterase under physiological conditions J. Biol. Chem. 250 1975 4445 4450
    • (1975) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.250 , pp. 4445-4450
    • Pieklik, J.R.1    Guynn, R.W.2
  • 46
    • 0025066220 scopus 로고
    • Effects of choline deficiency and methotrexate treatment upon rat liver
    • E.A. Pomfret, K. da Kosta, and S.H. Zeisel Effects of choline deficiency and methotrexate treatment upon rat liver J. Nutr. Biochem. 1 1990 533 541
    • (1990) J. Nutr. Biochem. , vol.1 , pp. 533-541
    • Pomfret, E.A.1    Da Kosta, K.2    Zeisel, S.H.3
  • 47
    • 40449086665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited
    • S. Reagan-Shaw, M. Nihal, and N. Ahmad Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited FASEB J. 22 2008 659 661
    • (2008) FASEB J. , vol.22 , pp. 659-661
    • Reagan-Shaw, S.1    Nihal, M.2    Ahmad, N.3
  • 48
    • 74749096179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage: The biochemical mechanism of cellular injury and necrosis in choline deficiency
    • M.G. Repetto, G. Ossani, A.J. Monserrat, and A. Boveris Oxidative damage: the biochemical mechanism of cellular injury and necrosis in choline deficiency Exp. Mol. Pathol. 88 2010 143 149
    • (2010) Exp. Mol. Pathol. , vol.88 , pp. 143-149
    • Repetto, M.G.1    Ossani, G.2    Monserrat, A.J.3    Boveris, A.4
  • 49
    • 34848882789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnitine and lipoate ameliorates lipofuscin accumulation and monoamine oxidase activity in aged rat heart
    • S. Savitha, B. Naveen, and C. Panneerselvam Carnitine and lipoate ameliorates lipofuscin accumulation and monoamine oxidase activity in aged rat heart Eur. J. Pharmacol. 574 2007 61 65
    • (2007) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.574 , pp. 61-65
    • Savitha, S.1    Naveen, B.2    Panneerselvam, C.3
  • 50
    • 33746342090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetyl-l-carnitine modulates bleomycin-induced oxidative stress and energy depletion in lung tissues
    • M.M. Sayed-Ahmed, H.H. Mansour, O.A. Gharib, and H.F. Hafez Acetyl-l-carnitine modulates bleomycin-induced oxidative stress and energy depletion in lung tissues J. Egypt. Natl. Canc. Inst. 16 2004 237 243
    • (2004) J. Egypt. Natl. Canc. Inst. , vol.16 , pp. 237-243
    • Sayed-Ahmed, M.M.1    Mansour, H.H.2    Gharib, O.A.3    Hafez, H.F.4
  • 53
    • 0028342779 scopus 로고
    • Restricting food intake does not exacerbate the effects of a choline-deficient diet on tissue carnitine concentrations in rats
    • N.F. Sheard, and B. Krasin Restricting food intake does not exacerbate the effects of a choline-deficient diet on tissue carnitine concentrations in rats J. Nutr 124 1994 738 743
    • (1994) J. Nutr , vol.124 , pp. 738-743
    • Sheard, N.F.1    Krasin, B.2
  • 54
    • 0030245644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline in the treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: Clinical and neurochemical findings in lithium-treated patients
    • A.L. Stoll, G.S. Sachs, B.M. Cohen, B. Lafer, J.D. Christensen, and P.F. Renshaw Choline in the treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: clinical and neurochemical findings in lithium-treated patients Biol. Psychiatry 40 1996 382 388
    • (1996) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 382-388
    • Stoll, A.L.1    Sachs, G.S.2    Cohen, B.M.3    Lafer, B.4    Christensen, J.D.5    Renshaw, P.F.6
  • 55
    • 34248146931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of HSP70 and ultrastructure of heart and liver tissues of rats treated with adriamycin: Protective role of l-carnitine
    • M. Strauss, and N. Porras Differential expression of HSP70 and ultrastructure of heart and liver tissues of rats treated with adriamycin: protective role of l-carnitine Invest. Clin 48 2007 33 43
    • (2007) Invest. Clin , vol.48 , pp. 33-43
    • Strauss, M.1    Porras, N.2
  • 56
    • 0016663723 scopus 로고
    • Determination of camitine turnover in choline-deficient and cold-exposed rats
    • A.C. Tsai, D.R. Romas, and G.A. Leveille Determination of camitine turnover in choline-deficient and cold-exposed rats J. Nutr. 105 1975 301 307
    • (1975) J. Nutr. , vol.105 , pp. 301-307
    • Tsai, A.C.1    Romas, D.R.2    Leveille, G.A.3
  • 58
    • 0034903053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered mitochondrial function and overgeneration of reactive oxygen species precede the induxtion of apoptosis by 1-O-octadecyl-2-methyl-rac- glycero-3-phosphocholine in p53-defective hepatocytes
    • A.S. Vrablic, C.D. Albright, C.N. Craciunescu, R.I. Salganik, and S.H. Zeisel Altered mitochondrial function and overgeneration of reactive oxygen species precede the induxtion of apoptosis by 1-O-octadecyl-2-methyl-rac- glycero-3-phosphocholine in p53-defective hepatocytes FASEB J. 15 2001 1739 1744
    • (2001) FASEB J. , vol.15 , pp. 1739-1744
    • Vrablic, A.S.1    Albright, C.D.2    Craciunescu, C.N.3    Salganik, R.I.4    Zeisel, S.H.5
  • 60
    • 84891486089 scopus 로고
    • Dietary choline and the maintenance of the cardiovascular system in rats
    • G.F. Wilgram, W.S. Hartroft, and C.H. Best Dietary choline and the maintenance of the cardiovascular system in rats Br. Med. J. 2 1954 15
    • (1954) Br. Med. J. , vol.2 , pp. 15
    • Wilgram, G.F.1    Hartroft, W.S.2    Best, C.H.3
  • 61
    • 84961018900 scopus 로고
    • Vascular disease associated with choline deficiency in the rat
    • G.F. Wilgram Vascular disease associated with choline deficiency in the rat J. Clin. Nutr. 6 1957 274 279
    • (1957) J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.6 , pp. 274-279
    • Wilgram, G.F.1
  • 62
    • 84891482074 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic liposis and myocardial damage in mice fed choline-deficient or choline-supplemented diets
    • W.L. Williams Hepatic liposis and myocardial damage in mice fed choline-deficient or choline-supplemented diets Yale J. Biol. Med. 33 1960 1 14
    • (1960) Yale J. Biol. Med. , vol.33 , pp. 1-14
    • Williams, W.L.1
  • 64
    • 27744571202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline, homocysteine and pregnancy
    • S.H. Zeisel Choline, homocysteine and pregnancy Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82 2005 719 720
    • (2005) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.82 , pp. 719-720
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 67
    • 74949113912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline: An essential nutrient for public health
    • S.H. Zeisel, and K.A. da Costa Choline: an essential nutrient for public health Nutr. Rev. 67 2009 615 623
    • (2009) Nutr. Rev. , vol.67 , pp. 615-623
    • Zeisel, S.H.1    Da Costa, K.A.2
  • 68
    • 0038333251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of choline-containing compounds and betaine in common foods
    • S.H. Zeisel, M.H. Mar, J.C. Howe, and J.M. Holdenc Concentrations of choline-containing compounds and betaine in common foods J. Nutr. 133 2003 1302 1307
    • (2003) J. Nutr. , vol.133 , pp. 1302-1307
    • Zeisel, S.H.1    Mar, M.H.2    Howe, J.C.3    Holdenc, J.M.4
  • 69
    • 0024590370 scopus 로고
    • Effect of choline deficiency on S-adenosylmethionine and methionine concentrations in rat liver
    • S.H. Zeisel, T. Zola, K. da Kosta, and E.A. Pomfret Effect of choline deficiency on S-adenosylmethionine and methionine concentrations in rat liver Biochem. J. 259 1989 725 729
    • (1989) Biochem. J. , vol.259 , pp. 725-729
    • Zeisel, S.H.1    Zola, T.2    Da Kosta, K.3    Pomfret, E.A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.