메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 194-204

Thyroid dysfunction in the elderly

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LEVOTHYROXINE; LIOTHYRONINE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

EID: 84875445390     PISSN: 17595029     EISSN: 17595037     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.30     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (63)

References (147)
  • 1
    • 70349495203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ageing populations: The challenges ahead
    • Christensen, K., Doblhammer, G., Rau, R. & Vaupel, J. W. Ageing populations: the challenges ahead. Lancet 374, 1196-1208 (2009).
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 1196-1208
    • Christensen, K.1    Doblhammer, G.2    Rau, R.3    Vaupel, J.W.4
  • 2
    • 2142753913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the health of the elderly
    • Crimmins, E. M. Trends in the health of the elderly. Annu. Rev. Public Health 25, 79-98 (2004).
    • (2004) Annu. Rev. Public Health , vol.25 , pp. 79-98
    • Crimmins, E.M.1
  • 3
    • 42649096278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent declines in chronic disability in the elderly U. S. population: Risk factors and future dynamics
    • Manton, K. G. Recent declines in chronic disability in the elderly U. S. population: risk factors and future dynamics. Annu. Rev. Public Health 29, 91-113 (2008).
    • (2008) Annu. Rev. Public Health , vol.29 , pp. 91-113
    • Manton, K.G.1
  • 4
    • 0017757504 scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: The Whickham survey
    • Tunbridge, W. M. et al. The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 7, 481-493 (1977).
    • (1977) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.7 , pp. 481-493
    • Tunbridge, W.M.1
  • 5
    • 0029046372 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: A twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey
    • Vanderpump, M. P. et al. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 43, 55-68 (1995).
    • (1995) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.43 , pp. 55-68
    • Vanderpump, M.P.1
  • 6
    • 39149116328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction
    • Biondi, B. & Cooper, D. S. The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr. Rev. 29, 76-131 (2008).
    • (2008) Endocr. Rev. , vol.29 , pp. 76-131
    • Biondi, B.1    Cooper, D.S.2
  • 7
    • 84859104026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disease
    • Cooper, D. S. & Biondi, B. Subclinical thyroid disease. Lancet 379, 1142-1154 (2012).
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 1142-1154
    • Cooper, D.S.1    Biondi, B.2
  • 8
    • 84870890489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Thyroid-too much and too little across the ages. The consequences of subclinical thyroid dysfunction
    • Franklyn, J. A. The Thyroid-too much and too little across the ages. The consequences of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 78, 1-8 (2013).
    • (2013) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.78 , pp. 1-8
    • Franklyn, J.A.1
  • 9
  • 10
    • 84870784432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: Cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association
    • Garber, J. R. et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid 22, 1200-1235 (2012).
    • (2012) Thyroid , vol.22 , pp. 1200-1235
    • Garber, J.R.1
  • 12
    • 0036173697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population 1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
    • Hollowell, J. G. et al. Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population 1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 489-499 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.87 , pp. 489-499
    • Hollowell, J.G.1
  • 14
    • 0025271703 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid dysfunction in adults over age 55 years. A study in an urban US community
    • Bagchi, N., Brown, T. R. & Parish, R. F. Thyroid dysfunction in adults over age 55 years. A study in an urban US community. Arch. Intern. Med. 150, 785-787 (1990).
    • (1990) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.150 , pp. 785-787
    • Bagchi, N.1    Brown, T.R.2    Parish, R.F.3
  • 15
    • 0028228712 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disease in the elderly. Part 1. Prevalence of undiagnosed hypothyroidism
    • Bemben, D. A. et al. Thyroid disease in the elderly. Part 1. Prevalence of undiagnosed hypothyroidism. J. Fam. Pract. 38, 577-582 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Fam. Pract. , vol.38 , pp. 577-582
    • Bemben, D.A.1
  • 16
    • 0026020685 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and follow-up of abnormal thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations in the elderly in the United Kingdom
    • Parle, J. V., Franklyn, J. A., Cross, K. W., Jones, S. C. & Sheppard, M. C. Prevalence and follow-up of abnormal thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations in the elderly in the United Kingdom. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 34, 77-83 (1991).
    • (1991) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.34 , pp. 77-83
    • Parle, J.V.1    Franklyn, J.A.2    Cross, K.W.3    Jones, S.C.4    Sheppard, M.C.5
  • 17
    • 8544249896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative screening for thyroid disorders in old age in areas of iodine deficiency, long-term iodine prophylaxis and abundant iodine intake
    • Szabolcs, I. et al. Comparative screening for thyroid disorders in old age in areas of iodine deficiency, long-term iodine prophylaxis and abundant iodine intake. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 47, 87-92 (1997).
    • (1997) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.47 , pp. 87-92
    • Szabolcs, I.1
  • 18
    • 33845481297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction and its relation to socioeconomic deprivation in the elderly: A community-based cross-sectional survey
    • Wilson, S. et al. Prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction and its relation to socioeconomic deprivation in the elderly: a community-based cross-sectional survey. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 4809-4816 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.91 , pp. 4809-4816
    • Wilson, S.1
  • 19
    • 36849075781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific distribution of serum thyrotropin and antithyroid antibodies in the US population: Implications for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Surks, M. I. & Hollowell, J. G. Age-specific distribution of serum thyrotropin and antithyroid antibodies in the US population: implications for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92, 4575-4582 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.92 , pp. 4575-4582
    • Surks, M.I.1    Hollowell, J.G.2
  • 20
    • 76149115219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-and race-based serum thyrotropin reference limits
    • Surks, M. I. & Boucai, L. Age-and race-based serum thyrotropin reference limits. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 496-502 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 496-502
    • Surks, M.I.1    Boucai, L.2
  • 21
    • 66749185880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review: Prevalence and incidence of endocrine and metabolic disorders in the United States: A comprehensive review
    • Golden, S. H., Robinson, K. A., Saldanha, I., Anton, B. & Ladenson, P. W. Clinical review: Prevalence and incidence of endocrine and metabolic disorders in the United States: a comprehensive review. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 1853-1878 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.94 , pp. 1853-1878
    • Golden, S.H.1    Robinson, K.A.2    Saldanha, I.3    Anton, B.4    Ladenson, P.W.5
  • 22
    • 4043179671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thyroid epidemiology, audit, and research study: Thyroid dysfunction in the general population
    • Flynn, R. W., Macdonald, T. M., Morris, A. D., Jung, R. T. & Leese, G. P. The thyroid epidemiology, audit, and research study: thyroid dysfunction in the general population. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89, 3879-3884 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.89 , pp. 3879-3884
    • Flynn, R.W.1    MacDonald, T.M.2    Morris, A.D.3    Jung, R.T.4    Leese, G.P.5
  • 23
    • 33845481297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction and its relation to socioeconomic deprivation in the elderly: A community-based cross-sectional survey
    • Wilson, S. et al. Prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction and its relation to socioeconomic deprivation in the elderly: a community-based cross-sectional survey. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 4809-4816 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.91 , pp. 4809-4816
    • Wilson, S.1
  • 24
    • 33644584065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults
    • Cappola, A. R. et al. Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults. JAMA 295, 1033-1041 (2006).
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1033-1041
    • Cappola, A.R.1
  • 25
    • 78650905631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Thyroid Epidemiology, Audit, and Research Study (TEARS): The natural history of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism
    • Vadiveloo, T., Donnan, P. T., Cochrane, L. & Leese, G. P. The Thyroid Epidemiology, Audit, and Research Study (TEARS): the natural history of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, E1-E8 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.96
    • Vadiveloo, T.1    Donnan, P.T.2    Cochrane, L.3    Leese, G.P.4
  • 26
    • 76749106709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iodine intake as a determinant of thyroid disorders in populations
    • Laurberg, P. et al. Iodine intake as a determinant of thyroid disorders in populations. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 24, 13-27 (2010).
    • (2010) Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.24 , pp. 13-27
    • Laurberg, P.1
  • 27
    • 0031767560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iodine intake and the pattern of thyroid disorders: A comparative epidemiological study of thyroid abnormalities in the elderly in Iceland and in Jutland, Denmark
    • Laurberg, P. et al. Iodine intake and the pattern of thyroid disorders: a comparative epidemiological study of thyroid abnormalities in the elderly in Iceland and in Jutland, Denmark. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 765-769 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.83 , pp. 765-769
    • Laurberg, P.1
  • 28
    • 33846704971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of age-related morphological and functional changes of selected structures of the head and neck by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography
    • Mahne, A. et al. Assessment of age-related morphological and functional changes of selected structures of the head and neck by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Semin. Nucl. Med. 37, 88-102 (2007).
    • (2007) Semin. Nucl. Med. , vol.37 , pp. 88-102
    • Mahne, A.1
  • 29
    • 0001208712 scopus 로고
    • Gross and microscopic findings in clinically normal thyroid glands
    • Mortensen, J. D., Woolner, L. B. & Bennett, W. A. Gross and microscopic findings in clinically normal thyroid glands. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 15, 1270-1280 (1955).
    • (1955) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.15 , pp. 1270-1280
    • Mortensen, J.D.1    Woolner, L.B.2    Bennett, W.A.3
  • 30
    • 0019199943 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid weights and iodized salt prophylaxis: A comparative study from autopsy material from the Institute of Pathology University of Zurich [German]
    • Gerber, D. Thyroid weights and iodized salt prophylaxis: a comparative study from autopsy material from the Institute of Pathology, University of Zurich [German]. Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 110, 2010-2017 (1980).
    • (1980) Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. , vol.110 , pp. 2010-2017
    • Gerber, D.1
  • 32
    • 0024316341 scopus 로고
    • Decreased basal and stimulated thyrotropin secretion in healthy elderly men
    • van, C. A. et al. Decreased basal and stimulated thyrotropin secretion in healthy elderly men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 69, 177-185 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.69 , pp. 177-185
    • Van, C.A.1
  • 33
    • 0027435266 scopus 로고
    • Complex alteration of thyroid function in healthy centenarians
    • Mariotti, S. et al. Complex alteration of thyroid function in healthy centenarians. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 77, 1130-1134 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.77 , pp. 1130-1134
    • Mariotti, S.1
  • 34
    • 0025940209 scopus 로고
    • Low serum free thyroxine index in ambulating elderly is due to a resetting of the threshold of thyrotropin feedback suppression
    • Lewis, G. F., Alessi, C. A., Imperial, J. G. & Refetoff, S. Low serum free thyroxine index in ambulating elderly is due to a resetting of the threshold of thyrotropin feedback suppression. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 73, 843-849 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.73 , pp. 843-849
    • Lewis, G.F.1    Alessi, C.A.2    Imperial, J.G.3    Refetoff, S.4
  • 35
    • 0021895127 scopus 로고
    • 24-hour thyroid-stimulating hormone secretory pattern in elderly men
    • Barreca, T., Franceschini, R., Messina, V., Bottaro, L. & Rolandi, E. 24-hour thyroid-stimulating hormone secretory pattern in elderly men. Gerontology 31, 119-123 (1985).
    • (1985) Gerontology , vol.31 , pp. 119-123
    • Barreca, T.1    Franceschini, R.2    Messina, V.3    Bottaro, L.4    Rolandi, E.5
  • 36
    • 0025869538 scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine rhythms and sleep in aging men
    • van, C. A. et al. Neuroendocrine rhythms and sleep in aging men. Am. J. Physiol. 260, E651-E661 (1991).
    • (1991) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.260
    • Van, C.A.1
  • 37
    • 84867251517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review: The thyroid in mind: Cognitive function and low thyrotropin in older people
    • Gan, E. H. & Pearce, S. H. Clinical review: The thyroid in mind: cognitive function and low thyrotropin in older people. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, 3438-3449 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.97 , pp. 3438-3449
    • Gan, E.H.1    Pearce, S.H.2
  • 38
    • 0001083948 scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine turnover in euthyroid man with special reference to changes with age
    • Gregerman, R. I., Gaffney, G. W., Shock, N. W. & Crowder, S. E. Thyroxine turnover in euthyroid man with special reference to changes with age. J. Clin. Invest. 41, 2065-2074 (1962).
    • (1962) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.41 , pp. 2065-2074
    • Gregerman, R.I.1    Gaffney, G.W.2    Shock, N.W.3    Crowder, S.E.4
  • 40
    • 73249140409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic predisposition to elevated serum thyrotropin is associated with exceptional longevity
    • Atzmon, G., Barzilai, N., Surks, M. I. & Gabriely, I. Genetic predisposition to elevated serum thyrotropin is associated with exceptional longevity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 4768-4775 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.94 , pp. 4768-4775
    • Atzmon, G.1    Barzilai, N.2    Surks, M.I.3    Gabriely, I.4
  • 41
    • 78651325713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nonthyroidal illness syndrome in the non-critically ill patient
    • Pappa, T. A., Vagenakis, A. G. & Alevizaki, M. The nonthyroidal illness syndrome in the non-critically ill patient. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 41, 212-220 (2011).
    • (2011) Eur. J. Clin. Invest. , vol.41 , pp. 212-220
    • Pappa, T.A.1    Vagenakis, A.G.2    Alevizaki, M.3
  • 42
    • 77949511133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms behind the non-thyroidal illness syndrome: An update
    • Warner, M. H. & Beckett, G. J. Mechanisms behind the non-thyroidal illness syndrome: an update. J. Endocrinol. 205, 1-13 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Endocrinol. , vol.205 , pp. 1-13
    • Warner, M.H.1    Beckett, G.J.2
  • 43
    • 77949377315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-thyroidal illness syndrome and short-term survival in a hospitalised older population
    • Tognini, S. et al. Non-thyroidal illness syndrome and short-term survival in a hospitalised older population. Age Ageing 39, 46-50 (2010).
    • (2010) Age Ageing , vol.39 , pp. 46-50
    • Tognini, S.1
  • 46
    • 33746292500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic thyroid hormone feedback in health and disease
    • Fliers, E., Alkemade, A., Wiersinga, W. M. & Swaab, D. F. Hypothalamic thyroid hormone feedback in health and disease. Prog. Brain Res. 153, 189-207 (2006).
    • (2006) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.153 , pp. 189-207
    • Fliers, E.1    Alkemade, A.2    Wiersinga, W.M.3    Swaab, D.F.4
  • 47
    • 0030734631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in patients with nonthyroidal illness
    • Fliers, E., Guldenaar, S. E., Wiersinga, W. M. & Swaab, D. F. Decreased hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in patients with nonthyroidal illness. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82, 4032-4036 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.82 , pp. 4032-4036
    • Fliers, E.1    Guldenaar, S.E.2    Wiersinga, W.M.3    Swaab, D.F.4
  • 48
    • 84872492643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malnutrition in elderly: Social and economic determinants
    • Donini, L. M. et al. Malnutrition in elderly: social and economic determinants. J. Nutr. Health Aging 17, 9-15 (2013).
    • (2013) J. Nutr. Health Aging , vol.17 , pp. 9-15
    • Donini, L.M.1
  • 49
    • 84858254451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Undernutrition in older adults
    • Morley, J. E. Undernutrition in older adults. Fam. Pract. 29 (Suppl. 1), i89-i93 (2012).
    • (2012) Fam. Pract. , vol.29 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Morley, J.E.1
  • 50
    • 84858775227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of medications on thyroid function tests
    • Kundra, P., Burman, K. D. The effect of medications on thyroid function tests. Med. Clin. North Am. 96, 283-295 (2012).
    • (2012) Med. Clin. North Am. , vol.96 , pp. 283-295
    • Kundra, P.1    Burman, K.D.2
  • 52
    • 0030066484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in older and younger patients
    • Trivalle, C. et al. Differences in the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in older and younger patients. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 44, 50-53 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , vol.44 , pp. 50-53
    • Trivalle, C.1
  • 53
    • 43049135165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic hyperthyroidism in older adults: Is it a distinct clinical and laboratory entity?
    • Mooradian, A. D. Asymptomatic hyperthyroidism in older adults: is it a distinct clinical and laboratory entity? Drugs Aging 25, 371-380 (2008).
    • (2008) Drugs Aging , vol.25 , pp. 371-380
    • Mooradian, A.D.1
  • 55
    • 42449085372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones and aging
    • Peeters, R. P. Thyroid hormones and aging. Hormones (Athens) 7, 28-35 (2008).
    • (2008) Hormones (Athens) , vol.7 , pp. 28-35
    • Peeters, R.P.1
  • 56
    • 72949106022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treated hypothyroidism, cognitive function, and depressed mood in old age: The Rancho Bernardo Study
    • Kramer, C. K., von, M. D., Kritz-Silverstein, D. & Barrett-Connor, E. Treated hypothyroidism, cognitive function, and depressed mood in old age: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 161, 917-921 (2009).
    • (2009) Eur. J. Endocrinol. , vol.161 , pp. 917-921
    • Kramer, C.K.1    Von, M.D.2    Kritz-Silverstein, D.3    Barrett-Connor, E.4
  • 57
    • 0028050479 scopus 로고
    • Does age play a role in clinical presentation of hypothyroidism?
    • Doucet, J. et al. Does age play a role in clinical presentation of hypothyroidism? J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 42, 984-986 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , vol.42 , pp. 984-986
    • Doucet, J.1
  • 58
    • 80053549537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous subclinical thyroid disorders, physical and cognitive function, depression, and mortality in older individuals
    • de Jongh, R. T. et al. Endogenous subclinical thyroid disorders, physical and cognitive function, depression, and mortality in older individuals. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 165, 545-554 (2011).
    • (2011) Eur. J. Endocrinol. , vol.165 , pp. 545-554
    • De Jongh, R.T.1
  • 59
    • 33750739770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the elderly associated with depression or cognitive dysfunction?
    • Roberts, L. M. et al. Is subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the elderly associated with depression or cognitive dysfunction? Ann. Intern. Med. 145, 573-581 (2006).
    • (2006) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.145 , pp. 573-581
    • Roberts, L.M.1
  • 60
    • 73249141469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and functional mobility in older adults
    • Simonsick, E. M. et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and functional mobility in older adults. Arch. Intern. Med. 169, 2011-2017 (2009).
    • (2009) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.169 , pp. 2011-2017
    • Simonsick, E.M.1
  • 61
    • 0023857370 scopus 로고
    • Graves' disease. Influence of age on clinical findings
    • Nordyke, R. A., Gilbert, F. I. Jr & Harada, A. S. Graves' disease. Influence of age on clinical findings. Arch. Intern. Med. 148, 626-631 (1988).
    • (1988) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.148 , pp. 626-631
    • Nordyke, R.A.1    Gilbert Jr., F.I.2    Harada, A.S.3
  • 62
    • 77954474100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Older individuals with hyperthyroidism present with a paucity of symptoms and signs: A large cross-sectional study
    • Boelaert, K., Torlinska, B., Holder, R. L. & Franklyn, J. A. Older individuals with hyperthyroidism present with a paucity of symptoms and signs: a large cross-sectional study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 2715-2726 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 2715-2726
    • Boelaert, K.1    Torlinska, B.2    Holder, R.L.3    Franklyn, J.A.4
  • 63
    • 74549169972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and relative risk of other autoimmune diseases in individuals with autoimmune thyroid disease
    • Boelaert, K. et al. Prevalence and relative risk of other autoimmune diseases in individuals with autoimmune thyroid disease. Am. J. Med.123, 183-189 (2010).
    • (2010) Am. J. Med. , vol.123 , pp. 183-189
    • Boelaert, K.1
  • 64
    • 0034023587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune disease in first-degree relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis. A UK survey
    • Broadley, S. A., Deans, J., Sawcer, S. J., Clayton, D. & Compston, D. A. Autoimmune disease in first-degree relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis. A UK survey. Brain 123, 1102-1111 (2000).
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 1102-1111
    • Broadley, S.A.1    Deans, J.2    Sawcer, S.J.3    Clayton, D.4    Compston, D.A.5
  • 65
    • 0022616450 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies in multicase rheumatoid arthritis families
    • Walker, D. J., Griffiths, M. & Griffiths, I. D. Occurrence of autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies in multicase rheumatoid arthritis families. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 45, 323-326 (1986).
    • (1986) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.45 , pp. 323-326
    • Walker, D.J.1    Griffiths, M.2    Griffiths, I.D.3
  • 66
    • 0037041385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between thyroid dysfunction and total cholesterol level in an older biracial population: The health, aging and body composition study
    • Kanaya, A. M. et al. Association between thyroid dysfunction and total cholesterol level in an older biracial population: the health, aging and body composition study. Arch. Intern. Med. 162, 773-779 (2002).
    • (2002) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.162 , pp. 773-779
    • Kanaya, A.M.1
  • 67
    • 33750961647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothyroidism after sunitinib treatment for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors
    • Desai, J. et al. Hypothyroidism after sunitinib treatment for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Ann. Intern. Med. 145, 660-664 (2006).
    • (2006) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.145 , pp. 660-664
    • Desai, J.1
  • 68
    • 80053470531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism is due to induction of type 3 deiodinase activity and thyroidal capillary regression
    • Kappers, M. H. et al. Sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism is due to induction of type 3 deiodinase activity and thyroidal capillary regression. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 3087-3094 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.96 , pp. 3087-3094
    • Kappers, M.H.1
  • 69
    • 9144238095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disease: Scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management
    • Surks, M. I. et al. Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA 291, 228-238 (2004).
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 228-238
    • Surks, M.I.1
  • 70
    • 23044471411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous normalization of thyrotropin concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Diez, J. J., Iglesias, P. & Burman, K. D. Spontaneous normalization of thyrotropin concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 4124-4127 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.90 , pp. 4124-4127
    • Diez, J.J.1    Iglesias, P.2    Burman, K.D.3
  • 71
    • 84861964918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly: The cardiovascular health study
    • Somwaru, L. L., Rariy, C. M., Arnold, A. M. & Cappola, A. R. The natural history of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly: the cardiovascular health study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, 1962-1969 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.97 , pp. 1962-1969
    • Somwaru, L.L.1    Rariy, C.M.2    Arnold, A.M.3    Cappola, A.R.4
  • 72
    • 0036316863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of the spontaneous course of subclinical hypothyroidism: Prognostic value of thyrotropin, thyroid reserve, and thyroid antibodies
    • Huber, G. et al. Prospective study of the spontaneous course of subclinical hypothyroidism: prognostic value of thyrotropin, thyroid reserve, and thyroid antibodies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 3221-3226 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.87 , pp. 3221-3226
    • Huber, G.1
  • 73
    • 65249182698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High frequency of and factors associated with thyroid hormone over-replacement and under-replacement in men and women aged 65 and over
    • Somwaru, L. L., Arnold, A. M., Joshi, N., Fried, L. P. & Cappola, A. R. High frequency of and factors associated with thyroid hormone over-replacement and under-replacement in men and women aged 65 and over. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 1342-1345 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.94 , pp. 1342-1345
    • Somwaru, L.L.1    Arnold, A.M.2    Joshi, N.3    Fried, L.P.4    Cappola, A.R.5
  • 74
    • 0027481211 scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine prescription in the community: Serum thyroid stimulating hormone level assays as an indicator of undertreatment or overtreatment
    • Parle, J. V., Franklyn, J. A., Cross, K. W., Jones, S. R. & Sheppard, M. C. Thyroxine prescription in the community: serum thyroid stimulating hormone level assays as an indicator of undertreatment or overtreatment. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 43, 107-109 (1993).
    • (1993) Br. J. Gen. Pract. , vol.43 , pp. 107-109
    • Parle, J.V.1    Franklyn, J.A.2    Cross, K.W.3    Jones, S.R.4    Sheppard, M.C.5
  • 75
    • 84859102483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotoxicosis
    • Franklyn, J. A. & Boelaert, K. Thyrotoxicosis. Lancet 379, 1155-1166 (2012).
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 1155-1166
    • Franklyn, J.A.1    Boelaert, K.2
  • 76
    • 44949094407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm, Sweden, 2003-2005
    • Abraham-Nordling, M. et al. Incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm, Sweden, 2003-2005. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 158, 823-827 (2008).
    • (2008) Eur. J. Endocrinol. , vol.158 , pp. 823-827
    • Abraham-Nordling, M.1
  • 77
    • 23644449406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disease and increased cardiovascular risk
    • Nyirenda, M. J. et al. Thyroid disease and increased cardiovascular risk. Thyroid 15, 718-724 (2005).
    • (2005) Thyroid , vol.15 , pp. 718-724
    • Nyirenda, M.J.1
  • 79
    • 21244452633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone and the thyroid
    • Basaria, S. & Cooper, D. S. Amiodarone and the thyroid. Am. J. Med. 118, 706-714 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. J. Med. , vol.118 , pp. 706-714
    • Basaria, S.1    Cooper, D.S.2
  • 80
    • 58149396249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcome
    • Yiu, K. H. et al. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 109-114 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.94 , pp. 109-114
    • Yiu, K.H.1
  • 81
    • 33646067422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: Left ventricular dysfunction is associated with increased mortality
    • O'Sullivan, A. J., Lewis, M., Diamond, T. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: left ventricular dysfunction is associated with increased mortality. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 154, 533-536 (2006).
    • (2006) Eur. J. Endocrinol. , vol.154 , pp. 533-536
    • O'Sullivan, A.J.1    Lewis, M.2    Diamond, T.3
  • 82
    • 34547179429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum thyrotropin measurements in the community: Five-year follow-up in a large network of primary care physicians
    • Meyerovitch, J. et al. Serum thyrotropin measurements in the community: five-year follow-up in a large network of primary care physicians. Arch. Intern. Med. 167, 1533-1538 (2007).
    • (2007) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.167 , pp. 1533-1538
    • Meyerovitch, J.1
  • 83
    • 0032996409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism in a biethnic, urban community
    • Lindeman, R. D. et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism in a biethnic, urban community. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 47, 703-709 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , vol.47 , pp. 703-709
    • Lindeman, R.D.1
  • 84
    • 80052413050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones and depression: The Health in Men study
    • Almeida, O. P. et al. Thyroid hormones and depression: the Health in Men study. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 19, 763-770 (2011).
    • (2011) Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 763-770
    • Almeida, O.P.1
  • 85
    • 77955394243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of the effect of thyroxine replacement on cognitive function in community-living elderly individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism: The Birmingham Elderly Thyroid study
    • Parle, J. et al. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of thyroxine replacement on cognitive function in community-living elderly individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism: the Birmingham Elderly Thyroid study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 3623-3632 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 3623-3632
    • Parle, J.1
  • 87
    • 0034267608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review 115: Effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: A quantitative review of the literature
    • Danese, M. D., Ladenson, P. W., Meinert, C. L. & Powe, N. R. Clinical review 115: effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: a quantitative review of the literature. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 2993-3001 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.85 , pp. 2993-3001
    • Danese, M.D.1    Ladenson, P.W.2    Meinert, C.L.3    Powe, N.R.4
  • 88
    • 84869034812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and gender substantially influence the relationship between thyroid status and the lipoprotein profile: Results from a large cross-sectional study
    • Tognini, S. et al. Age and gender substantially influence the relationship between thyroid status and the lipoprotein profile: results from a large cross-sectional study. Thyroid 22, 1096-1103 (2012).
    • (2012) Thyroid , vol.22 , pp. 1096-1103
    • Tognini, S.1
  • 89
    • 75149192613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cross-sectional survey of relationship between serum TSH level and blood pressure
    • Liu, D. et al. A cross-sectional survey of relationship between serum TSH level and blood pressure. J. Hum. Hypertens. 24, 134-138 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Hum. Hypertens. , vol.24 , pp. 134-138
    • Liu, D.1
  • 90
    • 65549135659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of insulin resistance in patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Maratou, E. et al. Studies of insulin resistance in patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 160, 785-790 (2009).
    • (2009) Eur. J. Endocrinol. , vol.160 , pp. 785-790
    • Maratou, E.1
  • 91
    • 23044509478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small differences in thyroid function may be important for body mass index and the occurrence of obesity in the population
    • Knudsen, N. et al. Small differences in thyroid function may be important for body mass index and the occurrence of obesity in the population. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 4019-4024 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.90 , pp. 4019-4024
    • Knudsen, N.1
  • 92
    • 34447517228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disease and vascular function
    • Owen, P. J., Sabit, R.& Lazarus, J. H. Thyroid disease and vascular function. Thyroid 17, 519-524 (2007).
    • (2007) Thyroid , vol.17 , pp. 519-524
    • Owen, P.J.1    Sabit, R.2    Lazarus, J.H.3
  • 93
    • 51849157522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction, cardiac function, and the risk of heart failure. The Cardiovascular Health study
    • Rodondi, N. et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction, cardiac function, and the risk of heart failure. The Cardiovascular Health study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 52, 1152-1159 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.52 , pp. 1152-1159
    • Rodondi, N.1
  • 94
    • 28344446835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of heart failure, other cardiovascular events, and death
    • Rodondi, N. et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of heart failure, other cardiovascular events, and death. Arch. Intern. Med. 165, 2460-2466 (2005).
    • (2005) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.165 , pp. 2460-2466
    • Rodondi, N.1
  • 95
    • 84858040882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of heart failure in older persons at high cardiovascular risk
    • Nanchen, D. et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of heart failure in older persons at high cardiovascular risk. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, 852-861 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.97 , pp. 852-861
    • Nanchen, D.1
  • 96
    • 9644257303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid status, disability and cognitive function, and survival in old age
    • Gussekloo, J. et al. Thyroid status, disability and cognitive function, and survival in old age. JAMA 292, 2591-2599 (2004).
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 2591-2599
    • Gussekloo, J.1
  • 97
    • 84873668111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk in the elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Hyland, K. A., Arnold, A. M., Lee, J. S. & Cappola, A. R. Persistent subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1210/jc.2012-2180.
    • J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab
    • Hyland, K.A.1    Arnold, A.M.2    Lee, J.S.3    Cappola, A.R.4
  • 98
    • 79961190302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothyroidism and moderate subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with increased all-cause mortality independent of coronary heart disease risk factors: A PreCIS database study
    • McQuade, C. et al. Hypothyroidism and moderate subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with increased all-cause mortality independent of coronary heart disease risk factors: a PreCIS database study. Thyroid 21, 837-843 (2011).
    • (2011) Thyroid , vol.21 , pp. 837-843
    • McQuade, C.1
  • 99
    • 77951640269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of ischemic heart disease and mortality in people with subclinical hypothyroidism: Reanalysis of the Whickham Survey cohort
    • Razvi, S., Weaver, J. U., Vanderpump, M. P. & Pearce, S. H. The incidence of ischemic heart disease and mortality in people with subclinical hypothyroidism: reanalysis of the Whickham Survey cohort. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 1734-1740 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 1734-1740
    • Razvi, S.1    Weaver, J.U.2    Vanderpump, M.P.3    Pearce, S.H.4
  • 100
    • 76649145464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial thyroid status and cardiovascular risk factors: The EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study
    • Boekholdt, S. M. et al. Initial thyroid status and cardiovascular risk factors: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 72, 404-410 (2010).
    • (2010) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.72 , pp. 404-410
    • Boekholdt, S.M.1
  • 101
    • 77956928569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality
    • Rodondi, N. et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. JAMA 304, 1365-1374 (2010).
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.304 , pp. 1365-1374
    • Rodondi, N.1
  • 102
    • 33845892469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular manifestations of hyperthyroidism before and after antithyroid therapy: A matched case-control study
    • Osman, F., Franklyn, J. A., Holder, R. L., Sheppard, M. C. & Gammage, M. D. Cardiovascular manifestations of hyperthyroidism before and after antithyroid therapy: a matched case-control study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 49, 71-81 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.49 , pp. 71-81
    • Osman, F.1    Franklyn, J.A.2    Holder, R.L.3    Sheppard, M.C.4    Gammage, M.D.5
  • 103
    • 3843123141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism and risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter: A population-based study
    • Frost, L., Vestergaard, P. & Mosekilde, L. Hyperthyroidism and risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter: a population-based study. Arch. Intern. Med. 164, 1675-1678 (2004).
    • (2004) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.164 , pp. 1675-1678
    • Frost, L.1    Vestergaard, P.2    Mosekilde, L.3
  • 104
    • 0027997922 scopus 로고
    • Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons
    • Sawin, C. T. et al. Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons. N. Engl. J. Med. 331, 1249-1252 (1994).
    • (1994) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.331 , pp. 1249-1252
    • Sawin, C.T.1
  • 105
    • 34248507213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between serum free thyroxine concentration and atrial fibrillation
    • Gammage, M. D. et al. Association between serum free thyroxine concentration and atrial fibrillation. Arch. Intern. Med. 167, 928-934 (2007).
    • (2007) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.167 , pp. 928-934
    • Gammage, M.D.1
  • 106
    • 35148895083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disease and the heart
    • Klein, I. & Danzi, S. Thyroid disease and the heart. Circulation 116, 1725-1735 (2007).
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 1725-1735
    • Klein, I.1    Danzi, S.2
  • 107
    • 34247331316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome of congestive heart failure as the initial presentation in patients with primary hyperthyroidism
    • Siu, C. W., Yeung, C. Y., Lau, C. P., Kung, A. W. & Tse, H. F. Incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome of congestive heart failure as the initial presentation in patients with primary hyperthyroidism. Heart 93, 483-487 (2007).
    • (2007) Heart , vol.93 , pp. 483-487
    • Siu, C.W.1    Yeung, C.Y.2    Lau, C.P.3    Kung, A.W.4    Tse, H.F.5
  • 109
    • 21444457287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function and mortality in patients treated for hyperthyroidism
    • Franklyn, J. A., Sheppard, M. C. & Maisonneuve, P. Thyroid function and mortality in patients treated for hyperthyroidism. JAMA 294, 71-80 (2005).
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 71-80
    • Franklyn, J.A.1    Sheppard, M.C.2    Maisonneuve, P.3
  • 110
    • 34347267317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased cardiovascular and cancer mortality after radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism
    • Metso, S. et al. Increased cardiovascular and cancer mortality after radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92, 2190-2196 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.92 , pp. 2190-2196
    • Metso, S.1
  • 111
    • 33947590156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone use, hyperthyroidism and mortality in older women
    • Bauer, D. C., Rodondi, N., Stone, K. L. & Hillier, T. A. Thyroid hormone use, hyperthyroidism and mortality in older women. Am. J. Med. 120, 343-349 (2007).
    • (2007) Am. J. Med. , vol.120 , pp. 343-349
    • Bauer, D.C.1    Rodondi, N.2    Stone, K.L.3    Hillier, T.A.4
  • 112
    • 0035883894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: A 10-year cohort study
    • Parle, J. V., Maisonneuve, P., Sheppard, M. C., Boyle, P. & Franklyn, J. A. Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: a 10-year cohort study. Lancet 358, 861-865 (2001).
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 861-865
    • Parle, J.V.1    Maisonneuve, P.2    Sheppard, M.C.3    Boyle, P.4    Franklyn, J.A.5
  • 113
    • 39749152205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of subclinical thyroid disorders on coronary heart disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis
    • Singh, S. et al. Impact of subclinical thyroid disorders on coronary heart disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. Int. J. Cardiol. 125, 41-48 (2008).
    • (2008) Int. J. Cardiol. , vol.125 , pp. 41-48
    • Singh, S.1
  • 114
    • 34447134913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: The association of thyroid dysfunction with all-cause and circulatory mortality: Is there a causal relationship?
    • Volzke, H., Schwahn, C., Wallaschofski, H. & Dorr, M. Review: The association of thyroid dysfunction with all-cause and circulatory mortality: is there a causal relationship? J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92, 2421-2429 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.92 , pp. 2421-2429
    • Volzke, H.1    Schwahn, C.2    Wallaschofski, H.3    Dorr, M.4
  • 115
    • 44649194447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk for coronary heart disease and mortality
    • Ochs, N. et al. Meta-analysis: subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk for coronary heart disease and mortality. Ann. Intern. Med. 148, 832-845 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.148 , pp. 832-845
    • Ochs, N.1
  • 116
    • 53249115725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and mortality: An estimate of relative and absolute excess all-cause mortality based on time-to-event data from cohort studies
    • Haentjens, P., Van, M. A., Poppe, K. & Velkeniers, B. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and mortality: an estimate of relative and absolute excess all-cause mortality based on time-to-event data from cohort studies. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 159, 329-341 (2008).
    • (2008) Eur. J. Endocrinol. , vol.159 , pp. 329-341
    • Haentjens, P.1    Van, M.A.2    Poppe, K.3    Velkeniers, B.4
  • 117
    • 84862726259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: An updated meta-analysis of cohort studies
    • Yang, L. B. et al. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 167, 75-84 (2012).
    • (2012) Eur. J. Endocrinol. , vol.167 , pp. 75-84
    • Yang, L.B.1
  • 118
    • 84861665780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality
    • Collet, T. H. et al. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. Arch. Intern. Med. 172, 799-809 (2012).
    • (2012) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.172 , pp. 799-809
    • Collet, T.H.1
  • 119
    • 0038506905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism, bone mineral, and fracture risk-a meta-analysis
    • Vestergaard, P. & Mosekilde, L. Hyperthyroidism, bone mineral, and fracture risk-a meta-analysis. Thyroid 13, 585-593 (2003).
    • (2003) Thyroid , vol.13 , pp. 585-593
    • Vestergaard, P.1    Mosekilde, L.2
  • 120
    • 0027434963 scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density in patients with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism: Is this thyroid status a risk factor for osteoporosis?
    • Foldes, J. et al. Bone mineral density in patients with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism: is this thyroid status a risk factor for osteoporosis? Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 39, 521-527 (1993).
    • (1993) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.39 , pp. 521-527
    • Foldes, J.1
  • 121
    • 0028098795 scopus 로고
    • Bone metabolism during anti-thyroid drug treatment of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism
    • Mudde, A. H., Houben, A. J. & Nieuwenhuijzen Kruseman, A. C. Bone metabolism during anti-thyroid drug treatment of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 41, 421-424 (1994).
    • (1994) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.41 , pp. 421-424
    • Mudde, A.H.1    Houben, A.J.2    Nieuwenhuijzen Kruseman, A.C.3
  • 122
    • 0028296041 scopus 로고
    • Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to L-thyroxine treatment: A meta-analysis
    • Faber, J. & Galloe, A. M. Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to L-thyroxine treatment: a meta-analysis. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 130, 350-356 (1994).
    • (1994) Eur. J. Endocrinol. , vol.130 , pp. 350-356
    • Faber, J.1    Galloe, A.M.2
  • 123
    • 0029801045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects on bone mass of long term treatment with thyroid hormones: A meta-analysis
    • Uzzan, B. et al. Effects on bone mass of long term treatment with thyroid hormones: a meta-analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81, 4278-4289 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.81 , pp. 4278-4289
    • Uzzan, B.1
  • 124
    • 0035799398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk for fracture in women with low serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
    • Bauer, D. C., Ettinger, B., Nevitt, M. C. & Stone, K. L. Risk for fracture in women with low serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Ann. Intern. Med. 134, 561-568 (2001).
    • (2001) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.134 , pp. 561-568
    • Bauer, D.C.1    Ettinger, B.2    Nevitt, M.C.3    Stone, K.L.4
  • 125
    • 78649682543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and incident hip fracture in older adults
    • Lee, J. S. et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and incident hip fracture in older adults. Arch. Intern. Med. 170, 1876-1883 (2010).
    • (2010) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.170 , pp. 1876-1883
    • Lee, J.S.1
  • 126
    • 77954946030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function within the upper normal range is associated with reduced bone mineral density and an increased risk of nonvertebral fractures in healthy euthyroid postmenopausal women
    • Murphy, E. et al. Thyroid function within the upper normal range is associated with reduced bone mineral density and an increased risk of nonvertebral fractures in healthy euthyroid postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 3173-3181 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 3173-3181
    • Murphy, E.1
  • 127
    • 38049175037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of serum TSH and FT4 levels and the TSHR-Asp727Glu polymorphism on bone: The Rotterdam Study
    • van der Deure, W. M. et al. Effects of serum TSH and FT4 levels and the TSHR-Asp727Glu polymorphism on bone: the Rotterdam Study. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 68, 175-181 (2008).
    • (2008) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.68 , pp. 175-181
    • Van Der Deure, W.M.1
  • 128
    • 78651414900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between thyroid function and bone mineral density in euthyroid healthy individuals in Taiwan
    • Lin, J. D. et al. The relationship between thyroid function and bone mineral density in euthyroid healthy individuals in Taiwan. Endocr. Res. 36, 1-8 (2011).
    • (2011) Endocr. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 1-8
    • Lin, J.D.1
  • 129
    • 84859646138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher free thyroxine levels are associated with frailty in older men: The Health in Men Study
    • Yeap, B. B. et al. Higher free thyroxine levels are associated with frailty in older men: the Health In Men Study. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 76, 741-748 (2012).
    • (2012) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.76 , pp. 741-748
    • Yeap, B.B.1
  • 130
    • 80955131492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild thyroid hormone excess is associated with a decreased physical function in elderly men
    • Ceresini, G. et al. Mild thyroid hormone excess is associated with a decreased physical function in elderly men. Aging Male 14, 213-219 (2011).
    • (2011) Aging Male , vol.14 , pp. 213-219
    • Ceresini, G.1
  • 131
    • 84870734241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher free thyroxine levels predict increased incidence of dementia in older men: The health in men study
    • Yeap, B. B. et al. Higher free thyroxine levels predict increased incidence of dementia in older men: the health in men study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, E2230-E2237 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.97
    • Yeap, B.B.1
  • 132
    • 17944382933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TSH-controlled L-thyroxine therapy reduces cholesterol levels and clinical symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism: A double blind, placebo-controlled trial (Basel Thyroid Study)
    • Meier, C. et al. TSH-controlled L-thyroxine therapy reduces cholesterol levels and clinical symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double blind, placebo-controlled trial (Basel Thyroid Study). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 4860-4866 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.86 , pp. 4860-4866
    • Meier, C.1
  • 133
    • 2442442844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of levothyroxine replacement on lipid profile and intima-media thickness in subclinical hypothyroidism: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Monzani, F. et al. Effect of levothyroxine replacement on lipid profile and intima-media thickness in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89, 2099-2106 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.89 , pp. 2099-2106
    • Monzani, F.1
  • 134
    • 34249854618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The beneficial effect of L-thyroxine on cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial function, and quality of life in subclinical hypothyroidism: Randomized, crossover trial
    • Razvi, S. et al. The beneficial effect of L-thyroxine on cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial function, and quality of life in subclinical hypothyroidism: randomized, crossover trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92, 1715-1723 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.92 , pp. 1715-1723
    • Razvi, S.1
  • 135
    • 79958846735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: Management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
    • Bahn Chair, R. S. et al. Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Thyroid 21, 593-646 (2011).
    • (2011) Thyroid , vol.21 , pp. 593-646
    • Bahn Chair, R.S.1
  • 136
    • 0041384417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism in patients older than 55 years: An analysis of the etiology and management
    • Díez, J. J. Hyperthyroidism in patients older than 55 years: an analysis of the etiology and management. Gerontology 49, 316-323 (2003).
    • (2003) Gerontology , vol.49 , pp. 316-323
    • Díez, J.J.1
  • 137
    • 6544233412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of long term thyrostatic treatment in elderly patients with toxic nodular goitre compared to radioiodine therapy with different doses
    • Takáts, K. I. et al. The efficacy of long term thyrostatic treatment in elderly patients with toxic nodular goitre compared to radioiodine therapy with different doses. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 107, 70-74 (1999).
    • (1999) Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes , vol.107 , pp. 70-74
    • Takáts, K.I.1
  • 138
    • 58649103517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the long-term efficacy of low dose 131I versus antithyroid drugs in the treatment of hyperthyroidism
    • Chen, D. Y., Jing, J., Schneider, P. F. & Chen, T. H. Comparison of the long-term efficacy of low dose 131I versus antithyroid drugs in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Nucl. Med. Commun. 30, 160-168 (2009).
    • (2009) Nucl. Med. Commun. , vol.30 , pp. 160-168
    • Chen, D.Y.1    Jing, J.2    Schneider, P.F.3    Chen, T.H.4
  • 139
    • 0034453809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and gender predict the outcome of treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism
    • Allahabadia, A. et al. Age and gender predict the outcome of treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 1038-1042 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.85 , pp. 1038-1042
    • Allahabadia, A.1
  • 140
    • 0034748465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hyperthyroidism as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation
    • Auer, J. et al. Subclinical hyperthyroidism as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Am. Heart J. 142, 838-842 (2001).
    • (2001) Am. Heart J. , vol.142 , pp. 838-842
    • Auer, J.1
  • 141
    • 0031931052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normalization of serum thyrotrophin by means of radioiodine treatment in subclinical hyperthyroidism: Effect on bone loss in postmenopausal women
    • Faber, J. et al. Normalization of serum thyrotrophin by means of radioiodine treatment in subclinical hyperthyroidism: effect on bone loss in postmenopausal women. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 48, 285-290 (1998).
    • (1998) Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) , vol.48 , pp. 285-290
    • Faber, J.1
  • 142
    • 0038021574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of early antithyroid therapy for endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism in clinical and heart abnormalities
    • Sgarbi, J. A., Villaca, F. G., Garbeline, B., Villar, H. E. & Romaldini, J. H. The effects of early antithyroid therapy for endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism in clinical and heart abnormalities. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88, 1672-1677 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.88 , pp. 1672-1677
    • Sgarbi, J.A.1    Villaca, F.G.2    Garbeline, B.3    Villar, H.E.4    Romaldini, J.H.5
  • 143
    • 19944430042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lean body mass is a major determinant of levothyroxine dosage in the treatment of thyroid diseases
    • Santini, F. et al. Lean body mass is a major determinant of levothyroxine dosage in the treatment of thyroid diseases. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 124-127 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.90 , pp. 124-127
    • Santini, F.1
  • 144
    • 0020062772 scopus 로고
    • Levothyroxine replacement dose for primary hypothyroidism decreases with age
    • Rosenbaum, R. L. & Barzel, U. S. Levothyroxine replacement dose for primary hypothyroidism decreases with age. Ann. Intern. Med. 96, 53-55 (1982).
    • (1982) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.96 , pp. 53-55
    • Rosenbaum, R.L.1    Barzel, U.S.2
  • 145
    • 0020544997 scopus 로고
    • Aging and the thyroid. Decreased requirement for thyroid hormone in older hypothyroid patients
    • Sawin, C. T., Herman, T., Molitch, M. E., London, M. H. & Kramer, S. M. Aging and the thyroid. Decreased requirement for thyroid hormone in older hypothyroid patients. Am. J. Med. 75, 206-209 (1983).
    • (1983) Am. J. Med. , vol.75 , pp. 206-209
    • Sawin, C.T.1    Herman, T.2    Molitch, M.E.3    London, M.H.4    Kramer, S.M.5
  • 146
    • 79961197582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levothyroxine replacement doses are affected by gender and weight, but not age
    • Devdhar, M., Drooger, R., Pehlivanova, M., Singh, G. & Jonklaas, J. Levothyroxine replacement doses are affected by gender and weight, but not age. Thyroid 21, 821-827 (2011).
    • (2011) Thyroid , vol.21 , pp. 821-827
    • Devdhar, M.1    Drooger, R.2    Pehlivanova, M.3    Singh, G.4    Jonklaas, J.5
  • 147
    • 23744504435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The starting dose of levothyroxine in primary hypothyroidism treatment: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial
    • Roos, A., Linn-Rasker, S. P., van Domburg, R. T., Tijssen, J. P. & Berghout, A. The starting dose of levothyroxine in primary hypothyroidism treatment: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Arch. Intern. Med. 165, 1714-1720 (2005).
    • (2005) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.165 , pp. 1714-1720
    • Roos, A.1    Linn-Rasker, S.P.2    Van Domburg, R.T.3    Tijssen, J.P.4    Berghout, A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.