Optimized ITO-free tri-layer electrode for organic solar cells

Organic Electronics

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1122-1129

  Vedraine, Sylvain ^a   El Hajj, Ahmad ^b   Torchio, Philippe ^a   Lucas, Bruno ^b  

^a AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIMOGES   (France)

Author keywords

FDTD method; Manufacturing; Optimization; Organic photovoltaic; Oxide metal oxide electrode

Indexed keywords

ANODES; EFFICIENCY; FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD; HETEROJUNCTIONS; II-VI SEMICONDUCTORS; ION BEAMS; MANUFACTURE; METALS; OPTICAL MULTILAYERS; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; OPTIMIZATION; ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS; SOLAR POWER GENERATION; SPUTTERING; ZINC OXIDE;

BULK HETEROJUNCTION; INTRINSIC ABSORPTIONS; ION-BEAM SPUTTERING; MULTILAYER STRUCTURES; NUMERICAL CALCULATION; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; OXIDE METALS; PHOTO-VOLTAIC EFFICIENCY;

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 84874935243     PISSN: 15661199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2013.01.030     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. S.-G. Ihn, K.-S. Shin, M.-J. Jin, X. Bulliard, S. Yun, Y. Suk Choi, Y. Kim, J.-H. Park, M. Sim, M. Kim, K. Cho, T. Sang Kim, D. Choi, J.-Y. Choi, W. Choi, and S.-W. Kim ITO-free inverted polymer solar cells using a GZO cathode modified by ZnO Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 1610 1614
2. L. Wang, J.S. Swensen, E. Polikarpov, D.W. Matson, C.C. Bonham, W. Bennett, D.J. Gaspar, and A.B. Padmaperuma Highly efficient blue organic light-emitting devices with indium-free transparent anode on flexible substrates Organic Electronics 11 2010 1555 1560
3. R.G. Gordon Criteria for choosing transparent conductors MRS Bulletin 25 2000 52 57
4. D.-S. Kim, J.-H. Park, B.-K. Shin, K.-J. Moon, M. Son, M.-H. Ham, W. Lee, and J.-M. Myoung Effect of deposition temperature on the properties of Al-doped ZnO films prepared by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering for transparent electrodes in thin-film solar cells Applied Surface Science 259 2012 596 599
5. T. Prasada Rao, M.C. Santhosh Kumar, and N. Sooraj Hussain Effects of thickness and atmospheric annealing on structural, electrical and optical properties of GZO thin films by spray pyrolysis Journal of Alloys and Compounds 541 2012 495 504
6. H.S. Yoon, K.S. Lee, T.S. Lee, B. Cheong, D.K. Choi, D.H. Kim, and W.M. Kim Properties of fluorine doped ZnO thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92 2008 1366 1372
7. J. Li, J. Xu, Q. Xu, and G. Fang Preparation and characterization of Al doped ZnO thin films by sol-gel process Journal of Alloys and Compounds 542 2012 151 156
8. Z.-L. Tseng, P.-C. Kao, C.-S. Yang, Y.-D. Juang, and S.-Y. Chu Transparent Al-doped ZnO anodes in organic light-emitting diodes investigated using a hole-only device Applied Surface Science 261 2012 360 363
9. J.-H. Park, K.-J. Ahn, S.-I. Na, and H.-K. Kim Effects of deposition temperature on characteristics of Ga-doped ZnO film prepared by highly efficient cylindrical rotating magnetron sputtering for organic solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 657 663
10. C.O. Kim, S. Kim, D.H. Shin, D.Y. Shin, S.-H. Choi, S.W. Hwang, N.-G. Cha, and S. Kang Effect of Ga doping concentration on the luminescence efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes with Ga-doped ZnO contacts Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics 109 2012 283
11. L. Cao, L. Zhu, J. Jiang, R. Zhao, Z. Ye, and B. Zhao Highly transparent and conducting fluorine-doped ZnO thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 894 898
12. M. Cai, T. Xiao, R. Liu, Y. Chen, R. Shinar, and J. Shinar Indium-tin-oxide-free tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Al organic light-emitting diodes with 80% enhanced power efficiency Applied Physics Letters 99 2011 153303
13. S.-I. Na, B.-K. Yu, S.-S. Kim, D. Vak, T.-S. Kim, J.-S. Yeo, and D.-Y. Kim Fully spray-coated ITO-free organic solar cells for low-cost power generation Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94 2010 1333 1337
14. Y. Galagan, J.-E.J.M. Rubingh, R. Andriessen, C.-C. Fan, P.W.M. Blom, S.C. Veenstra, and J.M. Kroon ITO-free flexible organic solar cells with printed current collecting grids Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 1339 1343
15. S. Kim, J. Yim, X. Wang, D.D.C. Bradley, S. Lee, and J.C. de Mello Spin- and spray-deposited single-walled carbon-nanotube electrodes for organic solar cells Advanced Functional Materials 20 2010 2310 2316
16. H.-Z. Geng, K.K. Kim, K.P. So, Y.S. Lee, Y. Chang, and Y.H. Lee Effect of Acid treatment on carbon nanotube-based flexible transparent conducting films Journal of the American Chemical Society 129 2007 7758 7759 (Pubitemid 46998166)
17. C.J.M. Emmott, A. Urbina, and J. Nelson Environmental and economic assessment of ITO-free electrodes for organic solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 97 2012 14 21
18. S. De, T.M. Higgins, P.E. Lyons, E.M. Doherty, P.N. Nirmalraj, W.J. Blau, J.J. Boland, and J.N. Coleman Silver nanowire networks as flexible transparent, conducting films: extremely high DC to optical conductivity ratios ACS Nano 3 2009 1767 1774
19. L. Hu, H.S. Kim, J.-Y. Lee, P. Peumans, and Y. Cui Scalable coating and properties of transparent flexible, silver nanowire electrodes ACS Nano 4 2010 2955 2963
20. 3 multilayer structures Journal of Applied Physics 112 2012 063505
21. 5 as transparent anodes Organic Electronics 12 2011 1223 1226
22. C. Song, H. Chen, Y. Fan, J. Luo, X. Guo, and X. Liu High-work-function transparent conductive oxides with multilayer films Applied Physics Express 5 2012 041102
23. A. El Hajj, B. Lucas, M. Chakaroun, R. Antony, B. Ratier, and M. Aldissi Optimization of ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer electrodes obtained by Ion Beam Sputtering for optoelectronic devices Thin Solid Films 520 2012 4666 4668
24. 5 as transparent anodes Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 97 2012 59 63
25. K. Sivaramakrishnan, and T.L. Alford Metallic conductivity and the role of copper in ZnO/Cu/ZnO thin films for flexible electronics Applied Physics Letters 94 2009 052104
26. Y.S. Kim, J.H. Park, D.H. Choi, H.S. Jang, J.H. Lee, H.J. Park, J.I. Choi, D.H. Ju, J.Y. Lee, and D. Kim ITO/Au/ITO multilayer thin films for transparent conducting electrode applications Applied Surface Science 254 2007 1524 1527 (Pubitemid 350148105)
27. X. Ma, J. Zhang, J. Lu, and Z. Ye Room temperature growth and properties of ZnO films by pulsed laser deposition Applied Surface Science 257 2010 1310 1313
28. L. Gong, J. Lu, and Z. Ye Transparent conductive Ga-doped ZnO/Cu multilayers prepared on polymer substrates at room temperature Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 1826 1830
29. H.W. Kim, and N.H. Kim Structural studies of room-temperature RF magnetron sputtered ZnO films under different RF powered conditions Materials Science and Engineering: B 103 2003 297 302
30. B. Lucas, W. Rammal, and A. Moliton ITO films realized at room-temperature by ion beam sputtering for high-performance flexible organic light-emitting diodes The European Physical Journal-Applied Physics 34 2006 179 187 (Pubitemid 44531334)
31. D. Kim, Y. Han, J.-S. Cho, and S.-K. Koh Low temperature deposition of ITO thin films by ion beam sputtering Thin Solid Films 377-378 2000 81 86 (Pubitemid 32035191)
32. H. Han, N.D. Theodore, and T.L. Alford Improved conductivity and mechanism of carrier transport in zinc oxide with embedded silver layer Journal of Applied Physics 103 2008 013708
33. E.D. Palik Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids vol. 1 1998 Elsevier
34. Q.H. Li, D. Zhu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, and X.C. Ma Optical properties of Al-doped ZnO thin films by ellipsometry Applied Surface Science 254 2008 2922 2926
35. S. Vedraine, P. Torchio, D. Duché, F. Flory, J.-J. Simon, J. Le Rouzo, and L. Escoubas Intrinsic absorption of plasmonic structures for organic solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 S57 S64
36. K. Arya, Z.B. Su, and J.L. Birman Localization of the surface plasmon polariton caused by random roughness and its role in surface-enhanced optical phenomena Physical Review Letter 54 1985 1559 1562
37. H.A. Macleod Thin-Film Optical Filters 1986 Adam Hilger LTD Bristol
38. F. Monestier, J.J. Simon, P. Torchio, L. Escoubas, F. Flory, S. Bailly, R. De Bettignies, S. Guillerez, and C. Defranoux Modeling the short-circuit current density of polymer solar cells based on P3HT:PCBM blend Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91 2007 405 410 (Pubitemid 46149274)
39. F. Monestier, A.K. Panday, J.J. Simon, P. Torchio, L. Escoubas, and J.M. Nunzi Optical modeling of the ultimate efficiency of (Pentacene: N, N′-ditridecylperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide)-blend solar cells Journal of Applied Physics 102 2007 034512
40. G. Haacke New figure of merit for transparent conductors Journal of Applied Physics 47 1976 4086 4089
41. 3 as anode buffer layer Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94 2010 842
42. 3 transparent electrode Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 100 2012 226 230
43. M. Furno, M.C. Gather, B. Lüssem, and K. Leo Coupled plasmonic modes in organic planar microcavities Applied Physics Letters 100 2012 253301