메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 3025-3036

Changes in the spinal segmental motor output for stepping during development from infant to adult

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INFANT; KINEMATICS; LOCOMOTION; LUMBAR SPINE; MALE; MOTONEURON; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NEWBORN; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SACRAL SPINAL CORD; WALKING;

EID: 84873632436     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: 15292401     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2722-12.2013     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (72)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 33846448136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The C3-C4 propriospinal system in the cat and monkey: A spinal pre-motoneuronal centre for voluntary motor control
    • CrossRef
    • Alstermark B, Isa T, Pettersson LG, Sasaki S (2007) The C3-C4 propriospinal system in the cat and monkey: a spinal pre-motoneuronal centre for voluntary motor control. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 189:123-140. CrossRef
    • (2007) Acta Physiol (Oxf) , vol.189 , pp. 123-140
    • Alstermark, B.1    Isa, T.2    Pettersson, L.G.3    Sasaki, S.4
  • 2
    • 84861374068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion tensor imaging in the human spinal cord: Development, limitations, and clinical applications
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Bosma R, Stroman PW (2012) Diffusion tensor imaging in the human spinal cord: development, limitations, and clinical applications. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 40:1-20. CrossRef Medline
    • (2012) Crit Rev Biomed Eng , vol.40 , pp. 1-20
    • Bosma, R.1    Stroman, P.W.2
  • 4
    • 78650908733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration of motor pool activity in the spinal cord reflects body mechanics in human locomotion
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Cappellini G, Ivanenko YP, Dominici N, Poppele RE, Lacquaniti F (2010) Migration of motor pool activity in the spinal cord reflects body mechanics in human locomotion. J Neurophysiol 104:3064-3073. CrossRef Medline
    • (2010) J Neurophysiol , vol.104 , pp. 3064-3073
    • Cappellini, G.1    Ivanenko, Y.P.2    Dominici, N.3    Poppele, R.E.4    Lacquaniti, F.5
  • 5
    • 0034668713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ubiquity of motor networks in the spinal cord of vertebrates
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Cazalets JR, Bertrand S (2000) Ubiquity of motor networks in the spinal cord of vertebrates. Brain Res Bull 53:627-634. CrossRef Medline
    • (2000) Brain Res Bull , vol.53 , pp. 627-634
    • Cazalets, J.R.1    Bertrand, S.2
  • 6
    • 0037319094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the monosynaptic stretch reflex circuit
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Chen HH, Hippenmeyer S, Arber S, Frank E (2003) Development of the monosynaptic stretch reflex circuit. Curr Opin Neurobiol 13:96-102. CrossRef Medline
    • (2003) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.13 , pp. 96-102
    • Chen, H.H.1    Hippenmeyer, S.2    Arber, S.3    Frank, E.4
  • 8
    • 58849100067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propagation of sinusoidal electrical waves along the spinal cord during a fictive motor task
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Cuellar CA, Tapia JA, Juárez V, Quevedo J, Linares P, Martínez L, Manjarrez E (2009) Propagation of sinusoidal electrical waves along the spinal cord during a fictive motor task. J Neurosci 29:798-810. CrossRef Medline
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 798-810
    • Cuellar, C.A.1    Tapia, J.A.2    Juárez, V.3    Quevedo, J.4    Linares, P.5    Martínez, L.6    Manjarrez, E.7
  • 9
    • 0035652681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental simulation of cat electromyogram: Evidence for algebraic summation of motor-unit action-potential trains
    • Medline
    • Day SJ, Hulliger M (2001) Experimental simulation of cat electromyogram: evidence for algebraic summation of motor-unit action-potential trains. J Neurophysiol 86:2144-2158. Medline
    • (2001) J Neurophysiol , vol.86 , pp. 2144-2158
    • Day, S.J.1    Hulliger, M.2
  • 10
    • 84862663244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of develop-mental sequences in different brain structures: Physiological and pathological implications
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Dehorter N, Vinay L, Hammond C, Ben-Ari Y (2012) Timing of develop-mental sequences in different brain structures: physiological and pathological implications. Eur J Neurosci 35:1846-1856. CrossRef Medline
    • (2012) Eur J Neurosci , vol.35 , pp. 1846-1856
    • Dehorter, N.1    Vinay, L.2    Hammond, C.3    Ben-Ari, Y.4
  • 11
    • 0021077041 scopus 로고
    • The capacity for generation of rhythmic oscillations is distributed in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the cat
    • Medline
    • Deliagina TG, Orlovsky GN, Pavlova GA (1983) The capacity for generation of rhythmic oscillations is distributed in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the cat. Exp Brain Res 53:81-90. Medline
    • (1983) Exp Brain Res , vol.53 , pp. 81-90
    • Deliagina, T.G.1    Orlovsky, G.N.2    Pavlova, G.A.3
  • 13
    • 34147123615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of foot trajectory in walking toddlers: Adaptation to load changes
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Dominici N, Ivanenko YP, Lacquaniti F (2007) Control of foot trajectory in walking toddlers: adaptation to load changes. J Neurophysiol 97:2790-2801. CrossRef Medline
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.97 , pp. 2790-2801
    • Dominici, N.1    Ivanenko, Y.P.2    Lacquaniti, F.3
  • 14
    • 77949699388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic strategies in newly walking toddlers stepping over different support surfaces
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Dominici N, Ivanenko YP, Cappellini G, Zampagni ML, Lacquaniti F (2010) Kinematic strategies in newly walking toddlers stepping over different support surfaces. J Neurophysiol 103:1673-1684. CrossRef Medline
    • (2010) J Neurophysiol , vol.103 , pp. 1673-1684
    • Dominici, N.1    Ivanenko, Y.P.2    Cappellini, G.3    Zampagni, M.L.4    Lacquaniti, F.5
  • 16
    • 0033984213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional corticospinal projections are established prenatally in the human foetus permitting involvement in the development of spinal motor centres
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Eyre JA, Miller S, Clowry GJ, Conway EA, Watts C (2000) Functional corticospinal projections are established prenatally in the human foetus permitting involvement in the development of spinal motor centres. Brain 123:51-64. CrossRef Medline
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 51-64
    • Eyre, J.A.1    Miller, S.2    Clowry, G.J.3    Conway, E.A.4    Watts, C.5
  • 17
    • 33947512447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metachronal coupling between spinal neuronal networks during locomotor activity in newborn rat
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Falgairolle M, Cazalets JR (2007) Metachronal coupling between spinal neuronal networks during locomotor activity in newborn rat. J Physiol 580: 87-102. CrossRef Medline
    • (2007) J Physiol , vol.580 , pp. 87-102
    • Falgairolle, M.1    Cazalets, J.R.2
  • 18
    • 0021930635 scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of human locomotor control. I. Infant step-ping, supported locomotion and transition to independent locomotion
    • Medline
    • Forssberg H (1985) Ontogeny of human locomotor control. I. Infant step-ping, supported locomotion and transition to independent locomotion. Exp Brain Res 57:480-493. Medline
    • (1985) Exp Brain Res , vol.57 , pp. 480-493
    • Forssberg, H.1
  • 19
    • 76749107387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From circuits to behaviour: Motor networks in vertebrates
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Garcia-Campmany L, Stam FJ, Goulding M (2010) From circuits to behaviour: motor networks in vertebrates. Curr Opin Neurobiol 20:116-125. CrossRef Medline
    • (2010) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.20 , pp. 116-125
    • Garcia-Campmany, L.1    Stam, F.J.2    Goulding, M.3
  • 20
    • 76049097100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unifying model for timing of walking onset in humans and other mammals
    • CrossRefMedline
    • Garwicz M, Christensson M, Psouni E (2009) A unifying model for timing of walking onset in humans and other mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA106:21889-21893. CrossRefMedline
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA106 , pp. 21889-21893
    • Garwicz, M.1    Christensson, M.2    Psouni, E.3
  • 23
    • 67649518362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circuits controlling vertebrate locomotion: Moving in a new direction
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Goulding M (2009) Circuits controlling vertebrate locomotion: moving in a new direction. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:507-518. CrossRef Medline
    • (2009) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 507-518
    • Goulding, M.1
  • 25
    • 0000423735 scopus 로고
    • Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods, and fish
    • Brookhart JM, Mountcastle VB, Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society
    • Grillner S (1981) Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods, and fish. In: Handbook of physiology, Section 1, The nervous system, Motor control, Vol 2, Part 1 (Brookhart JM, Mountcastle VB, eds), pp 1179-1236. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society.
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology, Section 1, the Nervous System, Motor Control , vol.2 , Issue.1 PART. , pp. 1179-1236
    • Grillner, S.1
  • 26
    • 33947189354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological pattern generation: The cellular and computational logic of networks in motion
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Grillner S (2006) Biological pattern generation: the cellular and computational logic of networks in motion. Neuron 52:751-766. CrossRef Medline
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.52 , pp. 751-766
    • Grillner, S.1
  • 27
    • 81555212285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroscience. Human locomotor circuits conform
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Grillner S (2011) Neuroscience. Human locomotor circuits conform. Science 334:912-913. CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) Science , vol.334 , pp. 912-913
    • Grillner, S.1
  • 28
    • 79958092638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: A case study
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Harkema S, Gerasimenko Y, Hodes J, Burdick J, Angeli C, Chen Y, Ferreira C, Willhite A, Rejc E, Grossman RG, Edgerton VR (2011) Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: a case study. Lancet 377:1938-1947. CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 1938-1947
    • Harkema, S.1    Gerasimenko, Y.2    Hodes, J.3    Burdick, J.4    Angeli, C.5    Chen, Y.6    Ferreira, C.7    Willhite, A.8    Rejc, E.9    Grossman, R.G.10    Edgerton, V.R.11
  • 29
    • 75349098441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neural basis for motor primitives in the spinal cord
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Hart CB, Giszter SF (2010) A neural basis for motor primitives in the spinal cord. J Neurosci 30:1322-1336. CrossRef Medline
    • (2010) J Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 1322-1336
    • Hart, C.B.1    Giszter, S.F.2
  • 31
    • 1942421758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five basic muscle activation patterns account for muscle activity during human locomotion
    • Medline
    • Ivanenko YP, Poppele RE, Lacquaniti F (2004) Five basic muscle activation patterns account for muscle activity during human locomotion. J Physiol 556:267-282. Medline
    • (2004) J Physiol , vol.556 , pp. 267-282
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Poppele, R.E.2    Lacquaniti, F.3
  • 32
    • 21544439302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematics in newly walking toddlers does not depend upon postural stability
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Ivanenko YP, Dominici N, Cappellini G, Lacquaniti F (2005a) Kinematics in newly walking toddlers does not depend upon postural stability. J Neurophysiol 94:754-763. CrossRef Medline
    • (2005) J Neurophysiol , vol.94 , pp. 754-763
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Dominici, N.2    Cappellini, G.3    Lacquaniti, F.4
  • 34
    • 33644850219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord maps of spatiotemporal alpha-motoneuron activation in humans walking at different speeds
    • Medline
    • Ivanenko YP, Poppele RE, Lacquaniti F (2006) Spinal cord maps of spatiotemporal alpha-motoneuron activation in humans walking at different speeds. J Neurophysiol 95:602-618. Medline
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.95 , pp. 602-618
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Poppele, R.E.2    Lacquaniti, F.3
  • 36
    • 45349107196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal organization of alpha-motoneuron activity in the human spinal cord during different gaits and gait transitions
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Ivanenko YP, Cappellini G, Poppele RE, Lacquaniti F (2008) Spatiotemporal organization of alpha-motoneuron activity in the human spinal cord during different gaits and gait transitions. Eur J Neurosci 27:3351-3368. CrossRef Medline
    • (2008) Eur J Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 3351-3368
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Cappellini, G.2    Poppele, R.E.3    Lacquaniti, F.4
  • 37
    • 83455230858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor neurons and the sense of place
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Jessell TM, Surmeli G, Kelly JS (2011) Motor neurons and the sense of place. Neuron 72:419-424. CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) Neuron , vol.72 , pp. 419-424
    • Jessell, T.M.1    Surmeli, G.2    Kelly, J.S.3
  • 38
    • 84859164611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing selectivity of inter-limb coordination during spontaneous movements in 2-to 4-month-old infants
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Kanemaru N, Watanabe H, Taga G (2012) Increasing selectivity of inter-limb coordination during spontaneous movements in 2-to 4-month-old infants. Exp Brain Res 218:49-61. CrossRef Medline
    • (2012) Exp Brain Res , vol.218 , pp. 49-61
    • Kanemaru, N.1    Watanabe, H.2    Taga, G.3
  • 40
    • 33744901157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor circuits in the mammalian spinal cord
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Kiehn O (2006) Locomotor circuits in the mammalian spinal cord. Annu Rev Neurosci 29:279-306. CrossRef Medline
    • (2006) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 279-306
    • Kiehn, O.1
  • 41
    • 79952072197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and functional organization of spinal loco-motor circuits
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Kiehn O (2011) Development and functional organization of spinal loco-motor circuits. Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:100-109. CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.21 , pp. 100-109
    • Kiehn, O.1
  • 42
    • 0030910637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of the spinal network associated with generation of hindlimb locomotion in the neonatal rat and organization of its transverse coupling system
    • Medline
    • Kremer E, Lev-Tov A (1997) Localization of the spinal network associated with generation of hindlimb locomotion in the neonatal rat and organization of its transverse coupling system. J Neurophysiol 77:1155-1170. Medline
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.77 , pp. 1155-1170
    • Kremer, E.1    Lev-Tov, A.2
  • 43
    • 84861011018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterned control of human locomotion
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Lacquaniti F, Ivanenko YP, Zago M (2012a) Patterned control of human locomotion. J Physiol 590:2189-2199. CrossRef Medline
    • (2012) J Physiol , vol.590 , pp. 2189-2199
    • Lacquaniti, F.1    Ivanenko, Y.P.2    Zago, M.3
  • 45
    • 0033973971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacrocaudal afferents induce rhythmic efferent bursting in isolated spinal cords of neonatal rats
    • Medline
    • Lev-Tov A, Delvolvé I, Kremer E (2000) Sacrocaudal afferents induce rhythmic efferent bursting in isolated spinal cords of neonatal rats. J Neurophysiol 83:888-894. Medline
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.83 , pp. 888-894
    • Lev-Tov, A.1    Delvolvé, I.2    Kremer, E.3
  • 47
    • 0026291503 scopus 로고
    • Modifiability of pattern generator
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Marder E (1991) Modifiability of pattern generator. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1:571-576. CrossRef Medline
    • (1991) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.1 , pp. 571-576
    • Marder, E.1
  • 48
    • 36749003752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization of mammalian locomotor rhythm and pattern generation
    • CrossRef Medline
    • McCrea DA, Rybak IA (2008) Organization of mammalian locomotor rhythm and pattern generation. Brain Res Rev 57:134-146. CrossRef Medline
    • (2008) Brain Res Rev , vol.57 , pp. 134-146
    • McCrea, D.A.1    Rybak, I.A.2
  • 49
    • 56749150860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous shifts in the active set of spinal interneurons during changes in locomotor speed
    • CrossRef Medline
    • McLean DL, Masino MA, Koh IY, Lindquist WB, Fetcho JR (2008) Continuous shifts in the active set of spinal interneurons during changes in locomotor speed. Nat Neurosci 11:1419-1429. CrossRef Medline
    • (2008) Nat Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 1419-1429
    • McLean, D.L.1    Masino, M.A.2    Koh, I.Y.3    Lindquist, W.B.4    Fetcho, J.R.5
  • 50
    • 0026069742 scopus 로고
    • Specific monosynaptic sensory-motor connections form in the absence of patterned neural activity and motoneuronal cell death
    • Medline
    • Mendelson B, Frank E (1991) Specific monosynaptic sensory-motor connections form in the absence of patterned neural activity and motoneuronal cell death. J Neurosci 11:1390-1403. Medline
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 1390-1403
    • Mendelson, B.1    Frank, E.2
  • 51
    • 77957847012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related modifications of muscle synergies and spinal cord activity during locomotion
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Monaco V, Ghionzoli A, Micera S (2010) Age-related modifications of muscle synergies and spinal cord activity during locomotion. J Neurophysiol 104:2092-2102. CrossRef Medline
    • (2010) J Neurophysiol , vol.104 , pp. 2092-2102
    • Monaco, V.1    Ghionzoli, A.2    Micera, S.3
  • 52
    • 0024376293 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord segments containing key elements of the central pattern generators for three forms of scratch reflex in the turtle
    • Medline
    • Mortin LI, Stein PS (1989) Spinal cord segments containing key elements of the central pattern generators for three forms of scratch reflex in the turtle. J Neurosci 9:2285-2296. Medline
    • (1989) J Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 2285-2296
    • Mortin, L.I.1    Stein, P.S.2
  • 53
    • 0032414917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of spontaneous activity in the developing spinal cord and their relevance to locomotion
    • CrossRef
    • O'Donovan MJ, Wenner P, Chub N, Tabak J, Rinzel J (1998) Mechanisms of spontaneous activity in the developing spinal cord and their relevance to locomotion. Ann N Y Acad Sci 860:130-141. CrossRef
    • (1998) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.860 , pp. 130-141
    • O'Donovan, M.J.1    Wenner, P.2    Chub, N.3    Tabak, J.4    Rinzel, J.5
  • 54
    • 42949104036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging the spatiotemporal organization of neural activity in the developing spinal cord
    • CrossRef Medline
    • O'Donovan MJ, Bonnot A, Mentis GZ, Arai Y, Chub N, Shneider NA, Wenner P (2008) Imaging the spatiotemporal organization of neural activity in the developing spinal cord. Dev Neurobiol 68:788-803. CrossRef Medline
    • (2008) Dev Neurobiol , vol.68 , pp. 788-803
    • O'Donovan, M.J.1    Bonnot, A.2    Mentis, G.Z.3    Arai, Y.4    Chub, N.5    Shneider, N.A.6    Wenner, P.7
  • 56
    • 0034844424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic study of newborn stepping in neonates and young infants
    • Medline
    • Okamoto T, Okamoto K, Andrew PD (2001) Electromyographic study of newborn stepping in neonates and young infants. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 41:289-296. Medline
    • (2001) Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.41 , pp. 289-296
    • Okamoto, T.1    Okamoto, K.2    Andrew, P.D.3
  • 57
    • 0037304194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic develop-mental changes in one individual from newborn stepping to mature walking
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Okamoto T, Okamoto K, Andrew PD (2003) Electromyographic develop-mental changes in one individual from newborn stepping to mature walking. Gait Posture 17:18-27. CrossRef Medline
    • (2003) Gait Posture , vol.17 , pp. 18-27
    • Okamoto, T.1    Okamoto, K.2    Andrew, P.D.3
  • 59
    • 0022048854 scopus 로고
    • Model of a pattern generator for locomotion in mammals
    • Medline
    • Patla AE, Calvert TW, Stein RB (1985) Model of a pattern generator for locomotion in mammals. Am J Physiol 248:R484-R494. Medline
    • (1985) Am J Physiol , vol.248
    • Patla, A.E.1    Calvert, T.W.2    Stein, R.B.3
  • 60
    • 61349171285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interlimb coordination in human crawling reveals similarities in development and neural control with quadrupeds
    • Medline
    • Patrick SK, Noah JA, Yang JF (2009) Interlimb coordination in human crawling reveals similarities in development and neural control with quadrupeds. J Neurophysiol 101:603-613. Medline
    • (2009) J Neurophysiol , vol.101 , pp. 603-613
    • Patrick, S.K.1    Noah, J.A.2    Yang, J.F.3
  • 61
    • 0025888401 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic mapping of the segmental anatomy of the muscles of the lower extremity
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Phillips LH 2nd, Park TS (1991) Electrophysiologic mapping of the segmental anatomy of the muscles of the lower extremity. Muscle Nerve 14:1213-1218. CrossRef Medline
    • (1991) Muscle Nerve , vol.14 , pp. 1213-1218
    • Phillips II, L.H.1    Park, T.S.2
  • 62
    • 0000815388 scopus 로고
    • The motor cell columns of the lumbo-sacral spinal cord of the cat
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Romanes GJ (1951) The motor cell columns of the lumbo-sacral spinal cord of the cat. J Comp Neurol 94:313-363. CrossRef Medline
    • (1951) J Comp Neurol , vol.94 , pp. 313-363
    • Romanes, G.J.1
  • 63
    • 66349095487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tonic central and sensory stimuli facilitate involuntary air-stepping in humans
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Selionov VA, Ivanenko YP, Solopova IA, Gurfinkel VS (2009) Tonic central and sensory stimuli facilitate involuntary air-stepping in humans. J Neurophysiol 101:2847-2858. CrossRef Medline
    • (2009) J Neurophysiol , vol.101 , pp. 2847-2858
    • Selionov, V.A.1    Ivanenko, Y.P.2    Solopova, I.A.3    Gurfinkel, V.S.4
  • 64
    • 0035226011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two types of motor modulation underlying human stepping evoked by spinal cord electrical stimulation (SCES)
    • Medline
    • Shapkova EY, Schomburg ED (2001) Two types of motor modulation underlying human stepping evoked by spinal cord electrical stimulation (SCES). Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 26:155-157. Medline
    • (2001) Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg , vol.26 , pp. 155-157
    • Shapkova, E.Y.1    Schomburg, E.D.2
  • 65
    • 0000832727 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of the permanent paralysis in the lower limb in poliomyelitis
    • Medline
    • Sharrard WJ (1955) The distribution of the permanent paralysis in the lower limb in poliomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg 37:540-558. Medline
    • (1955) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.37 , pp. 540-558
    • Sharrard, W.J.1
  • 66
    • 0001275359 scopus 로고
    • The segmental innervation of the lower limb muscles in man
    • Medline
    • Sharrard WJ (1964) The segmental innervation of the lower limb muscles in man. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 35:106-122. Medline
    • (1964) Ann R Coll Surg Engl , vol.35 , pp. 106-122
    • Sharrard, W.J.1
  • 68
    • 0026720611 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological mapping of the segmental anatomy of the muscles of the lower extremity
    • Medline
    • Stewart JD (1992) Electrophysiological mapping of the segmental anatomy of the muscles of the lower extremity. Muscle Nerve 15:965-966. Medline
    • (1992) Muscle Nerve , vol.15 , pp. 965-966
    • Stewart, J.D.1
  • 69
    • 80155148101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of spinal sensory-motor connectivity prescribed by a dorsoventral positional template
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Surmeli G, Akay T, Ippolito GC, Tucker PW, Jessell TM (2011) Patterns of spinal sensory-motor connectivity prescribed by a dorsoventral positional template. Cell 147:653-665. CrossRef Medline
    • (2011) Cell , vol.147 , pp. 653-665
    • Surmeli, G.1    Akay, T.2    Ippolito, G.C.3    Tucker, P.W.4    Jessell, T.M.5
  • 70
    • 84865642197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal changes in muscle activity during infants' treadmill stepping
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Teulier C, Sansom JK, Muraszko K, Ulrich BD (2012) Longitudinal changes in muscle activity during infants' treadmill stepping. J Neurophysiol 108: 853-862. CrossRef Medline
    • (2012) J Neurophysiol , vol.108 , pp. 853-862
    • Teulier, C.1    Sansom, J.K.2    Muraszko, K.3    Ulrich, B.D.4
  • 71
    • 0023254781 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between newborn stepping and later walking: A new interpretation
    • Medline
    • Thelen E, Cooke DW (1987) Relationship between newborn stepping and later walking: a new interpretation. Dev Med Child Neurol 29:380-393. Medline
    • (1987) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 380-393
    • Thelen, E.1    Cooke, D.W.2
  • 72
    • 0017698204 scopus 로고
    • The numbers of limb motor neurons in the human lumbosacral cord throughout life
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Tomlinson BE, Irving D (1977) The numbers of limb motor neurons in the human lumbosacral cord throughout life. J Neurol Sci 34:213-219. CrossRef Medline
    • (1977) J Neurol Sci , vol.34 , pp. 213-219
    • Tomlinson, B.E.1    Irving, D.2
  • 73
    • 0036824787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of posture and locomotion: An interplay of endogenously generated activities and neurotrophic actions by descending pathways
    • Medline
    • Vinay L, Brocard F, Clarac F, Norreel JC, Pearlstein E, Pflieger JF (2002) Development of posture and locomotion: an interplay of endogenously generated activities and neurotrophic actions by descending pathways. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 40:118-129. Medline
    • (2002) Brain Res Brain Res Rev , vol.40 , pp. 118-129
    • Vinay, L.1    Brocard, F.2    Clarac, F.3    Norreel, J.C.4    Pearlstein, E.5    Pflieger, J.F.6
  • 74
    • 62449167598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are current measurements of lower extremity muscle architecture accurate?
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Ward SR, Eng CM, Smallwood LH, Lieber RL (2009) Are current measurements of lower extremity muscle architecture accurate? Clin Orthop Relat Res 467:1074-1082. CrossRef Medline
    • (2009) Clin Orthop Relat Res , vol.467 , pp. 1074-1082
    • Ward, S.R.1    Eng, C.M.2    Smallwood, L.H.3    Lieber, R.L.4
  • 76
    • 0027374369 scopus 로고
    • Development of locomotion in the rat: The significance of early movements
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Westerga J, Gramsbergen A (1993) Development of locomotion in the rat: the significance of early movements. Early Hum Dev 34:89-100. CrossRef Medline
    • (1993) Early Hum Dev , vol.34 , pp. 89-100
    • Westerga, J.1    Gramsbergen, A.2
  • 77
    • 0024789275 scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics of normal and pathological gait: Implications for understanding human locomotor control
    • Medline
    • Winter DA (1989) Biomechanics of normal and pathological gait: implications for understanding human locomotor control. J Mot Behav 21:337-355. Medline
    • (1989) J Mot Behav , vol.21 , pp. 337-355
    • Winter, D.A.1
  • 78
    • 0023230052 scopus 로고
    • EMG profiles during normal human walking: Stride-to-stride and inter-subject variability
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Winter DA, Yack HJ (1987) EMG profiles during normal human walking: stride-to-stride and inter-subject variability. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 67:402-411. CrossRef Medline
    • (1987) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.67 , pp. 402-411
    • Winter, D.A.1    Yack, H.J.2
  • 79
    • 0036095522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal activation of lumbosacral motoneurons in the locomotor step cycle
    • Medline
    • Yakovenko S, Mushahwar V, VanderHorst V, Holstege G, Prochazka A (2002) Spatiotemporal activation of lumbosacral motoneurons in the locomotor step cycle. J Neurophysiol 87:1542-1553. Medline
    • (2002) J Neurophysiol , vol.87 , pp. 1542-1553
    • Yakovenko, S.1    Mushahwar, V.2    Vanderhorst, V.3    Holstege, G.4    Prochazka, A.5
  • 80
    • 33748203061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal and brain control of human walking: Implications for retraining of walking
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Yang JF, Gorassini M (2006) Spinal and brain control of human walking: implications for retraining of walking. Neuroscientist 12:379-389. CrossRef Medline
    • (2006) Neuroscientist , vol.12 , pp. 379-389
    • Yang, J.F.1    Gorassini, M.2
  • 81
    • 0032520931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant stepping: A method to study the sensory control of human walking
    • CrossRef Medline
    • Yang JF, Stephens MJ, Vishram R (1998) Infant stepping: a method to study the sensory control of human walking. J Physiol 507:927-937. CrossRef Medline
    • (1998) J Physiol , vol.507 , pp. 927-937
    • Yang, J.F.1    Stephens, M.J.2    Vishram, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.