Localization of the spinal network associated with generation of hindlimb locomotion in the neonatal rat and organization of its transverse coupling system

Journal of Neurophysiology

Volumn 77, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 1155-1170

  Kremer, E ^a   Lev Toy, A ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; GLYCINE RECEPTOR; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID; SEROTONIN;

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HINDLIMB; LIMB MOVEMENT; LOCOMOTION; LUMBAR SPINAL CORD; NEWBORN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITY; RAT; SPINAL CORD; THORACIC SPINAL CORD;

EID: 0030910637     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1997.77.3.1155     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. A and BABAB receptor mediated phasic modulation in axons of spinal motor interneurons. Eur. J Neurosci. 3: 107-117, 1991.
2. ALFORD, S. AND WILLIAMS, T. L. Endogenous activation of glycine and NMDA receptors in lamprey spinal cord during fictive locomotion. J Neurosci. 9: 2792-2800, 1989.
3. ALTMAN, J. AND BAYER, S. A. The development of the rat spinal cord. Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol. 85: 1-165, 1984.
4. ARSHAVSKY, Y., GELFAND, I. M., ORLOVSKY, G. N., PAVLOVA, G. A., AND POPOVA, L. B. Origin of signals conveyed by the ventral spino-cerebellar tract and spino-reticulo-cerebellar pathway. Exp. Brain Res. 54: 426-431, 1984.
5. BEKOFF, A. AND LAU, B. Interlimb coordination in 20-day-old rat fetuses. J. Exp. Zool. 214: 173-175, 1980.
6. BEKOFF, A. AND TRAINER, W. The development of interlimb co-ordination during swimming in postnatal rats. J Exp. Biol. 83: 1-11, 1979.
7. BRACCI, E., BALLERINI, L., AND NISTRI, N. Spontaneous rhythmic bursts induced by pharmacological block of inhibition in lumbar motoneurons of the neonatal rat spinal cord. J Neurophysiol. 75: 640-647, 1996.
8. BRADLEY, N. S. AND BEKOFF, A. Development of coordinated movement in chicks. II. Temporal analysis of hindlimb muscle synergies at embryonic day 10 in embryos with spinal gap transections. J. Neurobiol. 23: 420-432, 1992.
9. CAZALETS, J. R., BORDE, M., AND CLARAC, F. Localization and organization of the central pattern generator for hindlimb locomotion in newborn rat. J Neurosci. 15: 4943-4951, 1995.
10. CAZALETS, J. R., BORDE, M., AND CLARAC, F. The synaptic drive from the spinal locomotor network to motoneurons in the newborn rat. J Neurosci. 16: 298-306, 1996.
11. CAZALETS, J. R., SQALLI-HOUSSAINI, Y., AND CLARAC, F. GABAergic inactivation of the central pattern generators for locomotion in isolated neonatal rat spinal cord. J Physiol. Lond. 474: 173-181, 1994.
12. COHEN, A. H. Effects of oscillator frequency on phase-locking in the lamprey central pattern generator. J Neurosci. Methods 21: 113-125, 1987.
13. COHEN, A. H. AND HARRIS-WARRICK, R. M. Strychnine eliminates alternating motor output during fictive locomotion in the lamprey. Brain Res. 293: 164-167, 1984.
14. COHEN, A. H. AND WALLEN, P. The neuronal correlate of locomotion in fish. "Fictive swimming" induced in an in vitro preparation of the lamprey spinal cord. Exp. Brain Res. 41: 11-18, 1980.
15. COWLEY, K. C. AND SCHMIDT, B. J Effects of inhibitory amino acid antagonists on reciprocal inhibitory interactions during rhythmic motor activity in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord. J Neurophysiol. 74: 1109-1117, 1995.
16. DALE, N. Reciprocal inhibitory interneurones in the Xenopus embryo spinal cord. J Physiol. Lond. 363: 61-70, 1985.
17. DELIAGINA, T. G., ORLOVSKY, G. N., AND PAVLOVA, G. A. The capacity for generation of rhythmic oscillations is distributed in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 53: 8-90, 1983.
18. DROGE, M. H. AND TAO, Y. Glycine effects on in vitro motor pattern generation in mouse spinal cord. Neurosci. Lett. 158: 139-142, 1993.
19. FELDMAN, J. L. AND SMITH, J. C. Cellular mechanisms underlying modulation of breathing pattern in mammals. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 563: 114-130, 1989.
20. GELFAND, I. M., ORLOVSKY, G., AND SHIK, M. Locomotion and scratching in tetrapodes. In: Neural Control of Rhythmic Movements in Vertebrates, edited by A. H. Cohen, S. Rossignol, and S. Grillner. New York: Wiley, 1988. p. 285-332.
21. GOSSARD, J.-P. AND HULTBORN, H. The organization of the spinal rhythm generation in locomotion. In: Plasticity of Motneuronal Connections, edited by A. Wernig. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991, p. 385-404.
22. GREER, J. J., SMITH, J. C., AND FELDMAN, J. L. Respiratory and locomotor patterns generated in the fetal rat brainstem-spinal cord in vitro. J Neurophysiol. 67: 996-999, 1992.
23. GRILLNER, S. Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods, and fish. In: Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1981, sect. 1, vol. II, part 2, p. 1179-1236.
24. GRILLNER, S. AND MATSUSHIMA, T. The neural network underlying locomotion in lamprey - synaptic and cellular mechanisms. Neuron 7: 1-15, 1991.
25. GRILLNER, S. AND WALLEN, P. Does the central pattern generator for locomotion in lamprey depend on glycine inhibition? Acta Physiol. Scand. 110: 103-105, 1980.
26. GRILLNER, S. AND ZANGGER, P. On the central generation of locomotion in the low spinal cat. Exp. Brain Res. 34: 241-261, 1979.
27. HAGEVIC, A. AND MCCLELLAN, A. D. Coupling of spinal locomotor networks in larval lamprey revealed by receptor blockers for inhibitory amino acids: neurophysiology and computer modeling. J Neurophysiol. 72: 1810-1829, 1994a.
28. HO, S. AND O'DONOVAN, M. J Regionalization and intersegmental coordination of rhythm-generating networks in the spinal cord of the chick embryo. J Neurosci. 13: 1354-1371, 1993.
29. KAHN, J. A. AND ROBERTS, A. Experiments on the central pattern generator for swimming in amphibian embryos. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 296: 229-243, 1982.
30. KIEHN, O. AND KJAERULFF, O. Spatiotemporal characteristics of 5-HT and dopamine-induced rhythmic hindlimb activity in the in vitro neonatal rat. J. Neurophysiol. 75: 1472-1482, 1996.
31. KJAERULFF, O. AND KIEHN, O. Distribution of networks generating and coordinating locomotor activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro: a lesion study. J Neurosci. 15: 5777-5794, 1996.
32. KONNERTH, A., KELLER, B. U., AND LEV-TOY, A. Patch clamp analysis of excitatory synapses in mammalian spinal cord slices. Pfluegers Arch. 417: 285-290, 1990.
33. KREMER, E. AND LEV-TOV, A. Interplay of excitatory and inhibitory pathways during neurochemically induced locomotor activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21: 1766, 1995.
34. KUDO, N., OZAKI, S., AND YAMADA, T. Ontogeny of rhythmic activity in the spinal cord of the rat. In: Neurological Basis of Human Locomotion, edited by M. Shimamura, S. Grillner, and V. R. Edgerton. Tokyo: Jpn. Sci. Soc., 1991, p. 127-136.
35. KUDO, N. AND YAMADA, T. N-methyl-D,L-aspartate-induced locomotor activity in a spinal cord-hindlimb muscles preparation of the newborn rat studied in vitro. Neurosci. Lett. 75: 43-48, 1987.
36. LEV-TOV, A. AND O'DONOVAN, M. J Calcium imaging of motoneuron activity in the en-bloc spinal cord preparation of the neonatal rat. J Neurophysiol. 74: 1324-1334, 1995.
37. 2+ currents, postinhibitory rebound, and postspike afterhyperpolarization in lamprey neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 70: 2606-2619, 1993.
38. MORTIN, L. I. AND STEIN, P. S. Spinal cord segments containing key elements of the central pattern generators for three forms of scratch reflex in the turtle. J Neurosci. 9: 2285-2296, 1989.
39. O'DONOVAN, M. J., SERNAGOR, E., SHOLOMENKO, G., HO, S., ANTAL, M., AND YEE, W. The development of spinal motor networks in the chick embryo. J Exp. Zool. 261: 261-273, 1992.
40. OPPENHEIM, R. W., SHNEIDERMAN, A., SHIMIZU, I., AND YAGINUMA, H. Onset and development of intersegmental projections in the chick embryo spinal cord. J Comp. Neurol. 275: 159-180, 1988.
41. PERRET, C. Centrally generated pattern of motoneuron activity during locomotion in the cat. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 37: 405-422, 1983.
42. PINCO, M. AND LEV -TOV, A. Synaptic transmission between ventrolateral funiculus axons and lumbar motoneurons in the isolated spinal cord of the neonatal rat. J Neurophysiol. 12: 2406-2419, 1994.
43. PRATT, C. A. AND JORDAN, L. M. Ia inhibitory interneurons and Renshaw cells as contributors to the spinal mechanisms of fictive locomotion. J Neurophysiol. 57: 56-71, 1987.
44. SCHNEIDER, S. P. AND FYFFE, R. W. Involvement of GABA and glycine in recurrent inhibition of spinal motoneurons. J Neurophysiol. 68: 397-406, 1992.
45. SERNAGOR, E., CHUB, N., RITTER, A., AND O'DONOVAN, M. J Pharmacological characterization of the rhythmic synaptic drive onto lumbosacral motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord. J Neurosci. 15: 7452-7464, 1995.
46. A mediated inhibition in interlimb coordination in the isolated mammalian spinal cord. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 20: 1593, 1994.
47. SOFFE, S. R. Ionic and pharmacological properties of reciprocal inhibition in Xenopus embryo motoneurones. J Physiol. Lond. 382: 463-473, 1987.
48. SOFFE, S. R., CLARKE, J. D., AND ROBERTS, A. Activity of commissural interneurons in spinal cord of Xenopus embryos. J Neurophysiol. 51: 1257-1267, 1984.
49. SMITH, J. AND FELDMAN, J. In vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparations for study of motor systems for mammalian respiration and locomotion. J Neurosci. Methods 21: 321-333, 1987.
50. SQALLI-HOUSSAINI, Y., CAZALETS, J. R., AND CLARAC, F. Oscillatory properties of the central pattern generator for locomotion in neonatal rats. J Neurophysiol. 70: 803-813, 1993.
51. B receptors. J. Neurophysiol. 69: 647-657, 1993.
52. WU, S. Y., MIYAZAKI, T., AND DUN, N. J Glycine induces two distinct membrane currents in neonatal rat sympathetic preganglionic neurones in vitro. J Physiol. Lond. 483: 385-396, 1995.