메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 134-146

Organization of mammalian locomotor rhythm and pattern generation

Author keywords

Computational model; CPG; Decerebrate cat; Spinal cord

Indexed keywords

CAT; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL ACTIVITY; DECEREBRATION; HODGKIN HUXLEY EQUATION; INTERNEURON; LOCOMOTION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MESENCEPHALON; MOTONEURON; NERVE CELL; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NONHUMAN; PATTERN GENERATOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSORY NERVE CELL; SENSORY STIMULATION; SIMULATION; SPINAL CORD NERVE CELL;

EID: 36749003752     PISSN: 01650173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.08.006     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (534)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 14944365272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidate interneurones mediating group I disynaptic EPSPs in extensor motoneurones during fictive locomotion in the cat
    • Angel M.J., Jankowska E., and McCrea D.A. Candidate interneurones mediating group I disynaptic EPSPs in extensor motoneurones during fictive locomotion in the cat. J. Physiol. 563 (2005) 597-610
    • (2005) J. Physiol. , vol.563 , pp. 597-610
    • Angel, M.J.1    Jankowska, E.2    McCrea, D.A.3
  • 4
    • 36749084556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for delineating spinal locomotor rhythm generating networks and the possible role of Hb9 interneurons in rhythmogenesis
    • Brownstone R.M., and Wilson J.M. Strategies for delineating spinal locomotor rhythm generating networks and the possible role of Hb9 interneurons in rhythmogenesis. Brain Res. Rev. 57 (2008) 64-76
    • (2008) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.57 , pp. 64-76
    • Brownstone, R.M.1    Wilson, J.M.2
  • 5
    • 0034930997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of locomotor drive to motoneurons and last-order interneurons: clues to the structure of the CPG
    • Burke R.E., Degtyarenko A.M., and Simon E.S. Patterns of locomotor drive to motoneurons and last-order interneurons: clues to the structure of the CPG. J. Neurophysiol. 86 (2001) 447-462
    • (2001) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.86 , pp. 447-462
    • Burke, R.E.1    Degtyarenko, A.M.2    Simon, E.S.3
  • 6
    • 12844271636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of rhythm generation in a spinal locomotor network deprived of crossed connections: the lamprey hemicord
    • Cangiano L., and Grillner S. Mechanisms of rhythm generation in a spinal locomotor network deprived of crossed connections: the lamprey hemicord. J. Neurosci. 25 (2005) 923-935
    • (2005) J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , pp. 923-935
    • Cangiano, L.1    Grillner, S.2
  • 7
    • 0022472547 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous control of two rhythmical behaviors: I. Locomotion with paw-shake response in normal cat
    • Carter M.C., and Smith J.L. Simultaneous control of two rhythmical behaviors: I. Locomotion with paw-shake response in normal cat. J. Neurophysiol. 56 (1986) 171-183
    • (1986) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.56 , pp. 171-183
    • Carter, M.C.1    Smith, J.L.2
  • 8
    • 0022495704 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous control of two rhythmical behaviors: II. Hindlimb walking with paw-shake response in spinal cat
    • Carter M.C., and Smith J.L. Simultaneous control of two rhythmical behaviors: II. Hindlimb walking with paw-shake response in spinal cat. J. Neurophysiol. 56 (1986) 184-195
    • (1986) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.56 , pp. 184-195
    • Carter, M.C.1    Smith, J.L.2
  • 9
    • 0031017588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional distribution of the locomotor pattern-generating network in the neonatal rat spinal cord
    • Cowley K.C., and Schmidt B.J. Regional distribution of the locomotor pattern-generating network in the neonatal rat spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 77 (1997) 247-259
    • (1997) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.77 , pp. 247-259
    • Cowley, K.C.1    Schmidt, B.J.2
  • 10
    • 4644246619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of sensory feedback to ongoing ankle extensor activity during the stance phase of walking
    • Donelan J.M., and Pearson K.G. Contribution of sensory feedback to ongoing ankle extensor activity during the stance phase of walking. Can. J. Physiol. Pharm. 82 (2004) 589-598
    • (2004) Can. J. Physiol. Pharm. , vol.82 , pp. 589-598
    • Donelan, J.M.1    Pearson, K.G.2
  • 11
    • 0017686688 scopus 로고
    • Reflex control of locomotion as revealed by stimulation of cutaneous afferents in spontaneously walking premammillary cats
    • Duysens J. Reflex control of locomotion as revealed by stimulation of cutaneous afferents in spontaneously walking premammillary cats. J. Neurophysiol. 40 (1977) 737-751
    • (1977) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.40 , pp. 737-751
    • Duysens, J.1
  • 12
    • 33644794728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How deletions in a model could help explain deletions in the laboratory
    • Duysens J., McCrea D., and Lafreniere-Roula M. How deletions in a model could help explain deletions in the laboratory. J. Neurophysiol. 95 (2006) 562-565
    • (2006) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.95 , pp. 562-565
    • Duysens, J.1    McCrea, D.2    Lafreniere-Roula, M.3
  • 13
    • 0014496178 scopus 로고
    • An electromyographic analysis of muscular activity in the hindlimb of the cat during unrestrained locomotion
    • Engberg I., and Lundberg A. An electromyographic analysis of muscular activity in the hindlimb of the cat during unrestrained locomotion. Acta Physiol. Scand. 75 (1969) 614-630
    • (1969) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.75 , pp. 614-630
    • Engberg, I.1    Lundberg, A.2
  • 14
    • 0016435991 scopus 로고
    • Activity of interneurons mediating reciprocal Ia inhibition during locomotion
    • Feldman A.G., and Orlovsky G.N. Activity of interneurons mediating reciprocal Ia inhibition during locomotion. Brain Res. 84 (1975) 181-194
    • (1975) Brain Res. , vol.84 , pp. 181-194
    • Feldman, A.G.1    Orlovsky, G.N.2
  • 15
    • 0018751035 scopus 로고
    • Stumbling corrective reaction: a phase-dependent compensatory reaction during locomotion
    • Forssberg H. Stumbling corrective reaction: a phase-dependent compensatory reaction during locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 42 (1979) 936-953
    • (1979) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.42 , pp. 936-953
    • Forssberg, H.1
  • 16
    • 0003083027 scopus 로고
    • Locomotion and scratching in tetrapods
    • Cohen A.H., Rossignol S., and Grillner S. (Eds), John Wiley and Sons, New York
    • Gelfand I.M., Orlovsky G.N., and Shik M.L. Locomotion and scratching in tetrapods. In: Cohen A.H., Rossignol S., and Grillner S. (Eds). Neural Control of Rhythmic Movements in Vertebrates (1988), John Wiley and Sons, New York 167-199
    • (1988) Neural Control of Rhythmic Movements in Vertebrates , pp. 167-199
    • Gelfand, I.M.1    Orlovsky, G.N.2    Shik, M.L.3
  • 18
    • 0000540721 scopus 로고
    • The intrinsic factors in the act of progression in the mammal
    • Graham Brown T.G. The intrinsic factors in the act of progression in the mammal. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (B). 84 (1911) 308-319
    • (1911) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (B). , vol.84 , pp. 308-319
    • Graham Brown, T.G.1
  • 19
    • 84914433194 scopus 로고
    • On the fundamental activity of the nervous centres: together with an analysis of the conditioning of rhythmic activity in progression, and a theory of the evolution of function in the nervous system
    • Graham Brown T.G. On the fundamental activity of the nervous centres: together with an analysis of the conditioning of rhythmic activity in progression, and a theory of the evolution of function in the nervous system. J. Physiol. 48 (1914) 18-41
    • (1914) J. Physiol. , vol.48 , pp. 18-41
    • Graham Brown, T.G.1
  • 20
    • 0014658838 scopus 로고
    • The influence of DOPA on the static and the dynamic fusimotor activity to the triceps surae of the spinal cat
    • Grillner S. The influence of DOPA on the static and the dynamic fusimotor activity to the triceps surae of the spinal cat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 77 (1969) 490-509
    • (1969) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.77 , pp. 490-509
    • Grillner, S.1
  • 21
    • 0000423735 scopus 로고
    • Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods, and fish
    • Brookhart J.M., and Mountcastle V.B. (Eds), American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD
    • Grillner S. Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods, and fish. In: Brookhart J.M., and Mountcastle V.B. (Eds). Handbook of Physiology-The Nervous System II (1981), American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD 1179-1236
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology-The Nervous System II , pp. 1179-1236
    • Grillner, S.1
  • 22
    • 0016770333 scopus 로고
    • How detailed is the central pattern generation for locomotion?
    • Grillner S., and Zangger P. How detailed is the central pattern generation for locomotion?. Brain Res. 88 (1975) 367-371
    • (1975) Brain Res. , vol.88 , pp. 367-371
    • Grillner, S.1    Zangger, P.2
  • 23
    • 0018320226 scopus 로고
    • On the central generation of locomotion in the low spinal cat
    • Grillner S., and Zangger P. On the central generation of locomotion in the low spinal cat. Exp. Brain Res. 34 (1979) 241-261
    • (1979) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.34 , pp. 241-261
    • Grillner, S.1    Zangger, P.2
  • 24
    • 0021363144 scopus 로고
    • The effect of dorsal root transection on the efferent motor pattern in the cat's hindlimb during locomotion
    • Grillner S., and Zangger P. The effect of dorsal root transection on the efferent motor pattern in the cat's hindlimb during locomotion. Acta Physiol. Scand. 120 (1984) 393-405
    • (1984) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.120 , pp. 393-405
    • Grillner, S.1    Zangger, P.2
  • 25
    • 0029133212 scopus 로고
    • Ankle extensor group I afferents excite extensors throughout the hindlimb during MLR-evoked fictive locomotion in the cat
    • Guertin P., Angel M.J., Perreault M.-C., and McCrea D.A. Ankle extensor group I afferents excite extensors throughout the hindlimb during MLR-evoked fictive locomotion in the cat. J. Physiol. 487 (1995) 197-209
    • (1995) J. Physiol. , vol.487 , pp. 197-209
    • Guertin, P.1    Angel, M.J.2    Perreault, M.-C.3    McCrea, D.A.4
  • 26
    • 0021000211 scopus 로고
    • The stride cycle of the cat: the modelling of locomotion by computerized analysis of automatic recordings
    • Halbertsma J. The stride cycle of the cat: the modelling of locomotion by computerized analysis of automatic recordings. Acta Physiol. Scand. 521 (1983) 1-75
    • (1983) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.521 , pp. 1-75
    • Halbertsma, J.1
  • 27
    • 0026578897 scopus 로고
    • Interneuronal relay in spinal pathways from proprioceptors
    • Jankowska E. Interneuronal relay in spinal pathways from proprioceptors. Prog. Neurobiol. 38 (1992) 335-378
    • (1992) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.38 , pp. 335-378
    • Jankowska, E.1
  • 28
    • 0014103650 scopus 로고
    • The effect of DOPA on the spinal cord: V. Reciprocal organization of pathways transmitting excitatory action to alpha motoneurones of flexors and extensors
    • Jankowska E., Jukes M.G.M., Lund S., and Lundberg A. The effect of DOPA on the spinal cord: V. Reciprocal organization of pathways transmitting excitatory action to alpha motoneurones of flexors and extensors. Acta Physiol. Scand. 70 (1967) 369-388
    • (1967) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.70 , pp. 369-388
    • Jankowska, E.1    Jukes, M.G.M.2    Lund, S.3    Lundberg, A.4
  • 29
    • 0014110490 scopus 로고
    • The effect of DOPA on the spinal cord: VI. Half-centre organization of interneurones transmitting effects from the flexor reflex afferents
    • Jankowska E., Jukes M.G.M., Lund S., and Lundberg A. The effect of DOPA on the spinal cord: VI. Half-centre organization of interneurones transmitting effects from the flexor reflex afferents. Acta Physiol. Scand. 70 (1967) 389-402
    • (1967) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.70 , pp. 389-402
    • Jankowska, E.1    Jukes, M.G.M.2    Lund, S.3    Lundberg, A.4
  • 30
    • 0003013347 scopus 로고
    • Brainstem and spinal cord mechanisms for the initiation of locomotion
    • Shimamura M., Grillner S., and Edgerton V.R. (Eds), Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo
    • Jordan L.M. Brainstem and spinal cord mechanisms for the initiation of locomotion. In: Shimamura M., Grillner S., and Edgerton V.R. (Eds). Neurobiological Basis of Human Locomotion (1991), Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo 3-20
    • (1991) Neurobiological Basis of Human Locomotion , pp. 3-20
    • Jordan, L.M.1
  • 31
    • 33744901157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor circuits in the mammalian spinal cord
    • Kiehn O. Locomotor circuits in the mammalian spinal cord. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 29 (2006) 279-306
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.29 , pp. 279-306
    • Kiehn, O.1
  • 32
    • 0002540458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic building blocks of vertebrate spinal central pattern generators
    • Stein P.S.G., Grillner S., Selverston A.I., and Stuart D.G. (Eds), MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
    • Kiehn O., Hounsgaard J., and Sillar K. Basic building blocks of vertebrate spinal central pattern generators. In: Stein P.S.G., Grillner S., Selverston A.I., and Stuart D.G. (Eds). Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior (1997), MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 54-59
    • (1997) Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior , pp. 54-59
    • Kiehn, O.1    Hounsgaard, J.2    Sillar, K.3
  • 33
    • 0029810066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of networks generating and coordinating locomotor activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro: a lesion study
    • Kjaerulff O., and Kiehn O. Distribution of networks generating and coordinating locomotor activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro: a lesion study. J. Neurosci. 16 (1996) 5777-5794
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 5777-5794
    • Kjaerulff, O.1    Kiehn, O.2
  • 34
    • 0024403182 scopus 로고
    • Mutable and immutable features of paw-shake responses after hindlimb deafferentation in the cat
    • Koshland G.F., and Smith J.L. Mutable and immutable features of paw-shake responses after hindlimb deafferentation in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 62 (1989) 162-173
    • (1989) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.62 , pp. 162-173
    • Koshland, G.F.1    Smith, J.L.2
  • 35
  • 36
    • 23044501329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletions of rhythmic motoneuron activity during fictive locomotion and scratch provide clues to the organization of the mammalian central pattern generator
    • Lafreniere-Roula M., and McCrea D.A. Deletions of rhythmic motoneuron activity during fictive locomotion and scratch provide clues to the organization of the mammalian central pattern generator. J. Neurophysiol. 94 (2005) 1120-1132
    • (2005) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.94 , pp. 1120-1132
    • Lafreniere-Roula, M.1    McCrea, D.A.2
  • 37
    • 0021804480 scopus 로고
    • Afferent perturbations during "monopodal" swimming movements in the turtle: phase-dependent cutaneous modulation and proprioceptive resetting of the locomotor rhythm
    • Lennard P.R. Afferent perturbations during "monopodal" swimming movements in the turtle: phase-dependent cutaneous modulation and proprioceptive resetting of the locomotor rhythm. J. Neurosci. 5 (1985) 1434-1445
    • (1985) J. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 1434-1445
    • Lennard, P.R.1
  • 38
    • 0000012983 scopus 로고
    • Half-centres revisited
    • Szentagotheu J., Palkovits M., and Hamori J. (Eds), Pergamon Akademiai Kiado, Adv. Physiol. Sci., Budapest, Hungary
    • Lundberg A. Half-centres revisited. In: Szentagotheu J., Palkovits M., and Hamori J. (Eds). Regulatory Functions of the CNS. Motion and Organization Principles (1981), Pergamon Akademiai Kiado, Adv. Physiol. Sci., Budapest, Hungary 155-167
    • (1981) Regulatory Functions of the CNS. Motion and Organization Principles , pp. 155-167
    • Lundberg, A.1
  • 39
    • 0023134402 scopus 로고
    • Reflex pathways from group II muscle afferents: 3. Secondary spindle afferents and the FRA: a new hypothesis
    • Lundberg A., Malmgren K., and Schomburg E.D. Reflex pathways from group II muscle afferents: 3. Secondary spindle afferents and the FRA: a new hypothesis. Exp. Brain Res. 65 (1987) 294-306
    • (1987) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.65 , pp. 294-306
    • Lundberg, A.1    Malmgren, K.2    Schomburg, E.D.3
  • 40
    • 0000802456 scopus 로고
    • Can sense be made of spinal interneuron circuits?
    • McCrea D.A. Can sense be made of spinal interneuron circuits?. Behav. Brain Res. 15 (1992) 633-643
    • (1992) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.15 , pp. 633-643
    • McCrea, D.A.1
  • 41
    • 0035866997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal circuitry of sensorimotor control of locomotion
    • McCrea D.A. Spinal circuitry of sensorimotor control of locomotion. J. Physiol. 533 (2001) 41-50
    • (2001) J. Physiol. , vol.533 , pp. 41-50
    • McCrea, D.A.1
  • 42
    • 34848899176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the mammalian locomotor CPG: insights from mistakes and perturbations
    • Cisek P., Drew T., and Kalaska J. (Eds)
    • McCrea D.A., and Rybak I.A. Modeling the mammalian locomotor CPG: insights from mistakes and perturbations. In: Cisek P., Drew T., and Kalaska J. (Eds). "Computational Neuroscience" Progress in Brain Research vol. 165 (2007) 237-255
    • (2007) "Computational Neuroscience" Progress in Brain Research , vol.165 , pp. 237-255
    • McCrea, D.A.1    Rybak, I.A.2
  • 43
    • 0019204755 scopus 로고
    • Renshaw cell activity and recurrent effects on motoneurons during fictive locomotion
    • McCrea D.A., Pratt C.A., and Jordan L.M. Renshaw cell activity and recurrent effects on motoneurons during fictive locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 44 (1980) 475-488
    • (1980) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.44 , pp. 475-488
    • McCrea, D.A.1    Pratt, C.A.2    Jordan, L.M.3
  • 44
    • 36749048745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orlovsky, G.N., Deliagina, T., Grillner, S., 1999. Neuronal control of locomotion: from mollusc to man., Anonymous Oxford University Press, New York.
  • 45
    • 0025200254 scopus 로고
    • Interlimb coordination during fictive locomotion in the thalamic cat
    • Orsal D., Cabelguen J.M., and Perret C. Interlimb coordination during fictive locomotion in the thalamic cat. Exp. Brain Res. 82 (1990) 536-546
    • (1990) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.82 , pp. 536-546
    • Orsal, D.1    Cabelguen, J.M.2    Perret, C.3
  • 46
    • 0026353375 scopus 로고
    • Fictive motor patterns in chronic spinal cats
    • Pearson K.G., and Rossignol S. Fictive motor patterns in chronic spinal cats. J. Neurophysiol. 66 (1991) 1874-1887
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.66 , pp. 1874-1887
    • Pearson, K.G.1    Rossignol, S.2
  • 47
    • 0029095611 scopus 로고
    • Effects of stimulation of hindlimb flexor group II muscle afferents during fictive locomotion
    • Perreault M.-C., Angel M.J., Guertin P., and McCrea D.A. Effects of stimulation of hindlimb flexor group II muscle afferents during fictive locomotion. J. Physiol. 487 (1995) 211-220
    • (1995) J. Physiol. , vol.487 , pp. 211-220
    • Perreault, M.-C.1    Angel, M.J.2    Guertin, P.3    McCrea, D.A.4
  • 48
    • 36749000586 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the pattern of activity in "knee flexor" motoneurons during locomotion in the cat
    • Gurfinkle V.S., Ioffe M.E., Massion J., and Roll J.P. (Eds), Plenum Press, New York
    • Perret C., Cabelguen J.M., and Orsal D. Analysis of the pattern of activity in "knee flexor" motoneurons during locomotion in the cat. In: Gurfinkle V.S., Ioffe M.E., Massion J., and Roll J.P. (Eds). Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts (1988), Plenum Press, New York 133-141
    • (1988) Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts , pp. 133-141
    • Perret, C.1    Cabelguen, J.M.2    Orsal, D.3
  • 49
    • 0023118820 scopus 로고
    • Ia inhibitory interneurons and renshaw cells as contributors to the spinal mechanisms of fictive locomotion
    • Pratt C.A., and Jordan L.M. Ia inhibitory interneurons and renshaw cells as contributors to the spinal mechanisms of fictive locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 57 (1987) 56-71
    • (1987) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.57 , pp. 56-71
    • Pratt, C.A.1    Jordan, L.M.2
  • 50
    • 23944449533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stumbling corrective reaction during fictive locomotion in the cat
    • Quevedo J., Stecina K., Gosgnach S., and McCrea D.A. The stumbling corrective reaction during fictive locomotion in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 94 (2005) 2045-2052
    • (2005) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.94 , pp. 2045-2052
    • Quevedo, J.1    Stecina, K.2    Gosgnach, S.3    McCrea, D.A.4
  • 51
    • 36749013652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular analysis of the stumbling corrective reaction during fictive locomotion in the cat
    • Quevedo J., Stecina K., and McCrea D.A. Intracellular analysis of the stumbling corrective reaction during fictive locomotion in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 94 (2005) 1053-2062
    • (2005) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.94 , pp. 1053-2062
    • Quevedo, J.1    Stecina, K.2    McCrea, D.A.3
  • 52
    • 0023729284 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic control of hindlimb motoneurones during three forms of the fictive scratch reflex in the turtle
    • Robertson G.A., and Stein P.S.G. Synaptic control of hindlimb motoneurones during three forms of the fictive scratch reflex in the turtle. J. Physiol. 404 (1988) 101-128
    • (1988) J. Physiol. , vol.404 , pp. 101-128
    • Robertson, G.A.1    Stein, P.S.G.2
  • 54
    • 33644843659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic sensorimotor interactions in locomotion
    • Rossignol S., Dubuc R., and Gossard J.P. Dynamic sensorimotor interactions in locomotion. Physiol. Rev. 86 (2006) 89-154
    • (2006) Physiol. Rev. , vol.86 , pp. 89-154
    • Rossignol, S.1    Dubuc, R.2    Gossard, J.P.3
  • 55
    • 33751322988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling spinal circuitry involved in locomotor pattern generation: insights from deletions during fictive locomotion
    • Rybak I.A., Shevtsova N.A., Lafreniere-Roula M., and McCrea D.A. Modelling spinal circuitry involved in locomotor pattern generation: insights from deletions during fictive locomotion. J. Physiol. 577 (2006) 617-639
    • (2006) J. Physiol. , vol.577 , pp. 617-639
    • Rybak, I.A.1    Shevtsova, N.A.2    Lafreniere-Roula, M.3    McCrea, D.A.4
  • 56
    • 33751337094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling spinal circuitry involved in locomotor pattern generation: insights from the effects of afferent stimulation
    • Rybak I.A., Stecina K., Shevtsova N.A., and McCrea D.A. Modelling spinal circuitry involved in locomotor pattern generation: insights from the effects of afferent stimulation. J. Physiol. 577 (2006) 641-658
    • (2006) J. Physiol. , vol.577 , pp. 641-658
    • Rybak, I.A.1    Stecina, K.2    Shevtsova, N.A.3    McCrea, D.A.4
  • 58
    • 28244468604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel reflex pathways from flexor muscle afferents evoking resetting and flexion-enhancement during fictive locomotion in the cat
    • Stecina K., Quevedo J., and McCrea D.A. Parallel reflex pathways from flexor muscle afferents evoking resetting and flexion-enhancement during fictive locomotion in the cat. J. Physiol. 569 (2005) 275-290
    • (2005) J. Physiol. , vol.569 , pp. 275-290
    • Stecina, K.1    Quevedo, J.2    McCrea, D.A.3
  • 60
    • 0002207920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural and biomechanical control strategies for different forms of vertebrate hindlimb motor tasks
    • Stein P.S.G., Grillner S., Selverston A.I., and Stuart D.G. (Eds), MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
    • Stein P.S.G., and Smith J.L. Neural and biomechanical control strategies for different forms of vertebrate hindlimb motor tasks. In: Stein P.S.G., Grillner S., Selverston A.I., and Stuart D.G. (Eds). Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior (1997), MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 61-73
    • (1997) Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior , pp. 61-73
    • Stein, P.S.G.1    Smith, J.L.2
  • 61
    • 33444458872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in locomotor drive potentials and cycle characteristics associated with deletions during fictive locomotion
    • Turkin V.V., and Hamm T.M. Changes in locomotor drive potentials and cycle characteristics associated with deletions during fictive locomotion. Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 34 (2004) 883.14
    • (2004) Soc. Neurosci. Abst. , vol.34
    • Turkin, V.V.1    Hamm, T.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.