메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 169-190

Mathematical and pharmacokinetic modelling of epidermal and dermal transport processes

Author keywords

Mathematical modelling; Percutaneous drug delivery

Indexed keywords

DERMAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION; TOPICAL DELIVERY; TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY; TRANSPORT PROCESS;

EID: 84873526957     PISSN: 0169409X     EISSN: 18728294     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.04.009     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (124)

References (131)
  • 2
    • 85056919653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of skin
    • Informa Healthcare, New York, M.S. Roberts, K.A. Walters (Eds.)
    • Dancik Y., Jepps O.G., Roberts M.S. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of skin. Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment 2008, 179-207. Informa Healthcare, New York. M.S. Roberts, K.A. Walters (Eds.).
    • (2008) Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment , pp. 179-207
    • Dancik, Y.1    Jepps, O.G.2    Roberts, M.S.3
  • 3
    • 79957782061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond stratum corneum
    • Informa Healthcare, New York, M.S. Roberts, K.A. Walters (Eds.)
    • Dancik Y., Jepps O.G., Roberts M.S. Beyond stratum corneum. Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment 2008, 209-250. Informa Healthcare, New York. M.S. Roberts, K.A. Walters (Eds.).
    • (2008) Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment , pp. 209-250
    • Dancik, Y.1    Jepps, O.G.2    Roberts, M.S.3
  • 4
    • 0002003925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confocal microscopy and multi-photon excitation microscopy of human skin in vivo
    • Masters B., So P. Confocal microscopy and multi-photon excitation microscopy of human skin in vivo. Opt. Express 2001, 8:2-10.
    • (2001) Opt. Express , vol.8 , pp. 2-10
    • Masters, B.1    So, P.2
  • 5
    • 0036793195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug delivery across the skin
    • Touitou E. Drug delivery across the skin. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 2002, 2:723-733.
    • (2002) Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. , vol.2 , pp. 723-733
    • Touitou, E.1
  • 6
    • 0032750706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Number of cell layers of the stratum corneum in normal skin - relationship to the anatomical location on the body, age, sex and physical parameters
    • Ya-Xian Z., Suetake T., Tagami H. Number of cell layers of the stratum corneum in normal skin - relationship to the anatomical location on the body, age, sex and physical parameters. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 1999, 291:555-559.
    • (1999) Arch. Dermatol. Res. , vol.291 , pp. 555-559
    • Ya-Xian, Z.1    Suetake, T.2    Tagami, H.3
  • 7
    • 27744504762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and skin structure and function, a quantitative approach (I): blood flow, pH, thickness, and ultrasound echogenicity
    • Waller J.M., Maibach H.I. Age and skin structure and function, a quantitative approach (I): blood flow, pH, thickness, and ultrasound echogenicity. Skin Res. Technol. 2005, 11:221-235.
    • (2005) Skin Res. Technol. , vol.11 , pp. 221-235
    • Waller, J.M.1    Maibach, H.I.2
  • 8
    • 33846854208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo estimation of stratum corneum thickness from water concentration profiles obtained with Raman spectroscopy
    • Egawa M., Hirao T., Takahashi M. In vivo estimation of stratum corneum thickness from water concentration profiles obtained with Raman spectroscopy. Acta Derm. Venereol. 2007, 87:4-8.
    • (2007) Acta Derm. Venereol. , vol.87 , pp. 4-8
    • Egawa, M.1    Hirao, T.2    Takahashi, M.3
  • 9
    • 0842267694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics: 3. Variable diffusion and partition coefficients, consequences for stratum corneum depth profiles and desorption kinetics
    • Anissimov Y.G., Roberts M.S. Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics: 3. Variable diffusion and partition coefficients, consequences for stratum corneum depth profiles and desorption kinetics. J. Pharm. Sci. 2004, 93:470-487.
    • (2004) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.93 , pp. 470-487
    • Anissimov, Y.G.1    Roberts, M.S.2
  • 10
    • 0016545625 scopus 로고
    • Drug permeation through human skin: theory and in vitro experimental measurement
    • Michaels A.S., Chandrasekaran C., Shaw J.E. Drug permeation through human skin: theory and in vitro experimental measurement. AlChE J. 1975, 21:985-996.
    • (1975) AlChE J. , vol.21 , pp. 985-996
    • Michaels, A.S.1    Chandrasekaran, C.2    Shaw, J.E.3
  • 11
    • 67650021919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin solubility determines maximum transepidermal flux for similar size molecules
    • Zhang Q., Grice J.E., Li P., Jepps O.G., Wang G.J., Roberts M.S. Skin solubility determines maximum transepidermal flux for similar size molecules. Pharm. Res. 2009, 26:1974-1985.
    • (2009) Pharm. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 1974-1985
    • Zhang, Q.1    Grice, J.E.2    Li, P.3    Jepps, O.G.4    Wang, G.J.5    Roberts, M.S.6
  • 12
    • 2342599148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular size as the main determinant of solute maximum flux across the skin
    • Magnusson B.M., Anissimov Y.G., Cross S.E., Roberts M.S. Molecular size as the main determinant of solute maximum flux across the skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2004, 122:993-999.
    • (2004) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.122 , pp. 993-999
    • Magnusson, B.M.1    Anissimov, Y.G.2    Cross, S.E.3    Roberts, M.S.4
  • 13
    • 0029981132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homogeneous transport in a heterogeneous membrane: water diffusion across human stratum corneum in vivo
    • Kalia Y.N., Pirot F., Guy R.H. Homogeneous transport in a heterogeneous membrane: water diffusion across human stratum corneum in vivo. Biophys. J. 1996, 71:2692-2700.
    • (1996) Biophys. J. , vol.71 , pp. 2692-2700
    • Kalia, Y.N.1    Pirot, F.2    Guy, R.H.3
  • 14
    • 80054734878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling dermal drug distribution after topical application in human
    • Anissimov Y.G., Roberts M.S. Modelling dermal drug distribution after topical application in human. Pharm. Res. 2011, 28:2119-2129.
    • (2011) Pharm. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 2119-2129
    • Anissimov, Y.G.1    Roberts, M.S.2
  • 15
    • 84858250173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective transport of highly plasma protein bound drugs facilitates direct penetration into deep tissues after topical application
    • Dancik Y., Anissimov Y.G., Jepps O.G., Roberts M.S. Convective transport of highly plasma protein bound drugs facilitates direct penetration into deep tissues after topical application. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2012, 73:564-578.
    • (2012) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.73 , pp. 564-578
    • Dancik, Y.1    Anissimov, Y.G.2    Jepps, O.G.3    Roberts, M.S.4
  • 16
    • 41549162595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermal blood flow, lymphatics, and binding as determinates of topical absorption, clearance and distribution
    • CRC Press, Boca Raton, J.E. Riviere (Ed.)
    • Cross S.E., Roberts M.S. Dermal blood flow, lymphatics, and binding as determinates of topical absorption, clearance and distribution. Dermal Absorption Models in Toxicology and Pharmacology 2006, 251-282. CRC Press, Boca Raton. J.E. Riviere (Ed.).
    • (2006) Dermal Absorption Models in Toxicology and Pharmacology , pp. 251-282
    • Cross, S.E.1    Roberts, M.S.2
  • 17
    • 84873523117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accepted for publication). Modeling the Human Skin Barrier - Towards a Better Understanding of Dermal Absorption, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev.
    • O.G. Jepps, Y. Dancik, Y.G. Anissimov, M.S. Roberts, (accepted for publication). Modeling the Human Skin Barrier - Towards a Better Understanding of Dermal Absorption, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.04.003.
    • Jepps, O.G.1    Dancik, Y.2    Anissimov, Y.G.3    Roberts, M.S.4
  • 18
    • 0028873448 scopus 로고
    • Influence of propylene-glycol as cosolvent on mechanisms of drug transport from hydrogels
    • Bendas B., Schmalfuss U., Neubert R. Influence of propylene-glycol as cosolvent on mechanisms of drug transport from hydrogels. Int. J. Pharm. 1995, 116:19-30.
    • (1995) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.116 , pp. 19-30
    • Bendas, B.1    Schmalfuss, U.2    Neubert, R.3
  • 19
    • 0022394524 scopus 로고
    • Dermal drug delivery - improvement by choice of vehicle or drug derivative
    • Hoelgaard A., Møllgaard B. Dermal drug delivery - improvement by choice of vehicle or drug derivative. J. Control. Release 1985, 2:111-120.
    • (1985) J. Control. Release , vol.2 , pp. 111-120
    • Hoelgaard, A.1    Møllgaard, B.2
  • 20
    • 0023982575 scopus 로고
    • The role of protein and lipid domains in the uptake of solutes by human stratum corneum
    • Raykar P.V., Fung M.C., Anderson B.D. The role of protein and lipid domains in the uptake of solutes by human stratum corneum. Pharm. Res. 1988, 5:140-150.
    • (1988) Pharm. Res. , vol.5 , pp. 140-150
    • Raykar, P.V.1    Fung, M.C.2    Anderson, B.D.3
  • 21
    • 43649102053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid organization in human and porcine stratum corneum differs widely, while lipid mixtures with porcine ceramides model human stratum corneum lipid organization very closely
    • Caussin J., Gooris G.S., Janssens M., Bouwstra J.A. Lipid organization in human and porcine stratum corneum differs widely, while lipid mixtures with porcine ceramides model human stratum corneum lipid organization very closely. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2008, 1778:1472-1482.
    • (2008) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1778 , pp. 1472-1482
    • Caussin, J.1    Gooris, G.S.2    Janssens, M.3    Bouwstra, J.A.4
  • 23
    • 0025906898 scopus 로고
    • Lipid-protein partitioning theory of skin penetration enhancement
    • Barry B.W. Lipid-protein partitioning theory of skin penetration enhancement. J. Control. Release 1991, 15:237-248.
    • (1991) J. Control. Release , vol.15 , pp. 237-248
    • Barry, B.W.1
  • 28
    • 0029768028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal permeability - penetrant structure relationships.3. The effect of hydrogen bonding interactions and molecular size on diffusion across the stratum corneum
    • Pugh W.J., Roberts M.S., Hadgraft J. Epidermal permeability - penetrant structure relationships.3. The effect of hydrogen bonding interactions and molecular size on diffusion across the stratum corneum. Int. J. Pharm. 1996, 138:149-165.
    • (1996) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.138 , pp. 149-165
    • Pugh, W.J.1    Roberts, M.S.2    Hadgraft, J.3
  • 29
    • 0028855654 scopus 로고
    • A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure: 2. Effect of molecular weight and octanol-water partitioning
    • Bunge A.L., Cleek R.L. A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure: 2. Effect of molecular weight and octanol-water partitioning. Pharm. Res. 1995, 12:88-95.
    • (1995) Pharm. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 88-95
    • Bunge, A.L.1    Cleek, R.L.2
  • 30
    • 0024365207 scopus 로고
    • Solute structure-permeability relationships in human stratum corneum
    • Anderson B.D., Raykar P.V. Solute structure-permeability relationships in human stratum corneum. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1989, 93:280-286.
    • (1989) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.93 , pp. 280-286
    • Anderson, B.D.1    Raykar, P.V.2
  • 31
    • 33645368317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-phase analysis of solute partitioning into the stratum corneum
    • Nitsche J.M., Wang T.F., Kasting G.B. A two-phase analysis of solute partitioning into the stratum corneum. J. Pharm. Sci. 2006, 95:649-666.
    • (2006) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.95 , pp. 649-666
    • Nitsche, J.M.1    Wang, T.F.2    Kasting, G.B.3
  • 32
    • 85056917458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin absorption databases and predictive equations
    • Marcel Dekker, New York, R.H. Guy, J. Hadgraft (Eds.)
    • Vecchia B.E., Bunge A.L. Skin absorption databases and predictive equations. Transdermal drug delivery 2002, 57-141. Marcel Dekker, New York. R.H. Guy, J. Hadgraft (Eds.).
    • (2002) Transdermal drug delivery , pp. 57-141
    • Vecchia, B.E.1    Bunge, A.L.2
  • 34
    • 59849122149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics: 4. Effects of a slow equilibration process within stratum corneum on absorption and desorption kinetics
    • Anissimov Y.G., Roberts M.S. Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics: 4. Effects of a slow equilibration process within stratum corneum on absorption and desorption kinetics. J. Pharm. Sci. 2009, 98:772-781.
    • (2009) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.98 , pp. 772-781
    • Anissimov, Y.G.1    Roberts, M.S.2
  • 36
    • 0021978811 scopus 로고
    • Vapour and liquid diffusion of model penetrants through human skin; correlation with thermodynamic activity
    • Barry B.W., Harrison S.M., Dugard P.H. Vapour and liquid diffusion of model penetrants through human skin; correlation with thermodynamic activity. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1985, 37:226-236.
    • (1985) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.37 , pp. 226-236
    • Barry, B.W.1    Harrison, S.M.2    Dugard, P.H.3
  • 37
    • 0027050460 scopus 로고
    • How to optimize drug penetration through the skin
    • Lippold B.C. How to optimize drug penetration through the skin. Pharm. Acta Helv. 1992, 67:294-300.
    • (1992) Pharm. Acta Helv. , vol.67 , pp. 294-300
    • Lippold, B.C.1
  • 38
    • 0030852660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous absorption of sunscreen agents from liquid paraffin: self-association of octyl salicylate and effects on skin flux
    • Jiang R.Y., Roberts M.S., Prankerd R.J., Benson H.A.E. Percutaneous absorption of sunscreen agents from liquid paraffin: self-association of octyl salicylate and effects on skin flux. J. Pharm. Sci. 1997, 86:791-796.
    • (1997) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.86 , pp. 791-796
    • Jiang, R.Y.1    Roberts, M.S.2    Prankerd, R.J.3    Benson, H.A.E.4
  • 39
    • 0013812406 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of percutaneous adsorption. I. Routes of penetration and the influence of solubility
    • Scheuplein R.J. Mechanism of percutaneous adsorption. I. Routes of penetration and the influence of solubility. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1965, 45:334-346.
    • (1965) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.45 , pp. 334-346
    • Scheuplein, R.J.1
  • 40
    • 0022545848 scopus 로고
    • The in vitro permeability of human skin to benzene, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, and n-hexane
    • Loden M. The in vitro permeability of human skin to benzene, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, and n-hexane. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh) 1986, 58:382-389.
    • (1986) Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh) , vol.58 , pp. 382-389
    • Loden, M.1
  • 41
    • 77957180983 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous penetration of N-nitrosodiethanolamine through human skin (in vitro): comparison of finite and infinite dose applications from cosmetic vehicles
    • Franz T.J., Lehman P.A., Franz S.F., North-Root H., Demetrulias J.L., Kelling C.K., Moloney S.J., Gettings S.D. Percutaneous penetration of N-nitrosodiethanolamine through human skin (in vitro): comparison of finite and infinite dose applications from cosmetic vehicles. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1993, 21:213-221.
    • (1993) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 213-221
    • Franz, T.J.1    Lehman, P.A.2    Franz, S.F.3    North-Root, H.4    Demetrulias, J.L.5    Kelling, C.K.6    Moloney, S.J.7    Gettings, S.D.8
  • 42
    • 0033180201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro test of nicotine's permeability through human skin. Risk evaluation and safety aspects
    • Zorin S., Kuylenstierna F., Thulin H. In vitro test of nicotine's permeability through human skin. Risk evaluation and safety aspects. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1999, 43:405-413.
    • (1999) Ann. Occup. Hyg. , vol.43 , pp. 405-413
    • Zorin, S.1    Kuylenstierna, F.2    Thulin, H.3
  • 43
    • 35148875695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defense against dermal exposures is only skin deep: significantly increased penetration through slightly damaged skin
    • Nielsen J.B., Nielsen F., Sorensen J.A. Defense against dermal exposures is only skin deep: significantly increased penetration through slightly damaged skin. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 2007, 299:423-431.
    • (2007) Arch. Dermatol. Res. , vol.299 , pp. 423-431
    • Nielsen, J.B.1    Nielsen, F.2    Sorensen, J.A.3
  • 44
    • 82655162160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermal penetration of propylene glycols: measured absorption across human abdominal skin in vitro and comparison with a QSAR model
    • Fasano W.J., Ten Berge W.F., Banton M.I., Heneweer M., Moore N.P. Dermal penetration of propylene glycols: measured absorption across human abdominal skin in vitro and comparison with a QSAR model. Toxicol. In Vitro 2011, 25:1664-1670.
    • (2011) Toxicol. In Vitro , vol.25 , pp. 1664-1670
    • Fasano, W.J.1    Ten Berge, W.F.2    Banton, M.I.3    Heneweer, M.4    Moore, N.P.5
  • 46
    • 0025282582 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous-absorption of benzoic-acid across human skin.1. In vitro experiments and mathematical-modeling
    • Parry G.E., Bunge A.L., Silcox G.D., Pershing L.K., Pershing D.W. Percutaneous-absorption of benzoic-acid across human skin.1. In vitro experiments and mathematical-modeling. Pharm. Res. 1990, 7:230-236.
    • (1990) Pharm. Res. , vol.7 , pp. 230-236
    • Parry, G.E.1    Bunge, A.L.2    Silcox, G.D.3    Pershing, L.K.4    Pershing, D.W.5
  • 47
    • 0032720217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics: 1. Effects of flow rate, receptor sampling rate and viable epidermal resistance for a constant donor concentration
    • Anissimov Y.G., Roberts M.S. Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics: 1. Effects of flow rate, receptor sampling rate and viable epidermal resistance for a constant donor concentration. J. Pharm. Sci. 1999, 88:1201-1209.
    • (1999) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.88 , pp. 1201-1209
    • Anissimov, Y.G.1    Roberts, M.S.2
  • 48
    • 0035066275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics: 2. Finite vehicle volume and solvent deposited solids
    • Anissimov Y.G., Roberts M.S. Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics: 2. Finite vehicle volume and solvent deposited solids. J. Pharm. Sci. 2001, 90:504-520.
    • (2001) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.90 , pp. 504-520
    • Anissimov, Y.G.1    Roberts, M.S.2
  • 49
    • 0035131447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of finite dose absorption through skin 1. Vanillylnonanamide
    • Kasting G.B. Kinetics of finite dose absorption through skin 1. Vanillylnonanamide. J. Pharm. Sci. 2001, 90:202-212.
    • (2001) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.90 , pp. 202-212
    • Kasting, G.B.1
  • 50
    • 0019275976 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical description relating skin penetration to the thickness of the applied medicament
    • Guy R.H., Hadgraft J. A theoretical description relating skin penetration to the thickness of the applied medicament. Int. J. Pharm. 1980, 6:321-332.
    • (1980) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.6 , pp. 321-332
    • Guy, R.H.1    Hadgraft, J.2
  • 51
    • 0018744710 scopus 로고
    • The epidermal reservoir: a theoretical approach
    • Hadgraft J. The epidermal reservoir: a theoretical approach. Int. J. Pharm. 1979, 2:265-274.
    • (1979) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.2 , pp. 265-274
    • Hadgraft, J.1
  • 52
    • 0009829980 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical aspects of metabolism in the epidermis
    • Hadgraft J. Theoretical aspects of metabolism in the epidermis. Int. J. Pharm. 1980, 4:229-239.
    • (1980) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.4 , pp. 229-239
    • Hadgraft, J.1
  • 55
    • 0018343995 scopus 로고
    • Calculations of drug release from controlled release devices. The slab
    • Hadgraft J. Calculations of drug release from controlled release devices. The slab. Int. J. Pharm. 1979, 2:177-194.
    • (1979) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.2 , pp. 177-194
    • Hadgraft, J.1
  • 56
    • 0018342572 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous absorption: theoretical description
    • Albery W.J., Hadgraft J. Percutaneous absorption: theoretical description. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1979, 31:129-139.
    • (1979) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.31 , pp. 129-139
    • Albery, W.J.1    Hadgraft, J.2
  • 57
    • 0001329919 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous metabolism with saturable enzyme-kinetics
    • Guy R.H., Hadgraft J. Percutaneous metabolism with saturable enzyme-kinetics. Int. J. Pharm. 1982, 11:187-197.
    • (1982) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.11 , pp. 187-197
    • Guy, R.H.1    Hadgraft, J.2
  • 58
    • 0020888651 scopus 로고
    • Physicochemical interpretation of the pharmacokinetics of percutaneous-absorption
    • Guy R.H., Hadgraft J. Physicochemical interpretation of the pharmacokinetics of percutaneous-absorption. J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. 1983, 11:189-203.
    • (1983) J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. , vol.11 , pp. 189-203
    • Guy, R.H.1    Hadgraft, J.2
  • 59
    • 0016366120 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of percutaneous absorption. V. Percutaneous absorption of solvent deposited solids
    • Scheuplein R.J., Ross L.W. Mechanism of percutaneous absorption. V. Percutaneous absorption of solvent deposited solids. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1974, 62:353-360.
    • (1974) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.62 , pp. 353-360
    • Scheuplein, R.J.1    Ross, L.W.2
  • 60
    • 0016757484 scopus 로고
    • Model studies on percutaneous absorption and transport in the ointment. I. Theoretical aspects
    • Kakemi K., Kameda H., Kakemi M., Ueda M., Koizumi T. Model studies on percutaneous absorption and transport in the ointment. I. Theoretical aspects. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 1975, 23:2109-2113.
    • (1975) Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) , vol.23 , pp. 2109-2113
    • Kakemi, K.1    Kameda, H.2    Kakemi, M.3    Ueda, M.4    Koizumi, T.5
  • 61
    • 0034941295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can increasing the viscosity of formulations be used to reduce the human skin penetration of the sunscreen oxybenzone?
    • Cross S.E., Jiang R., Benson H.A., Roberts M.S. Can increasing the viscosity of formulations be used to reduce the human skin penetration of the sunscreen oxybenzone?. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2001, 117:147-150.
    • (2001) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.117 , pp. 147-150
    • Cross, S.E.1    Jiang, R.2    Benson, H.A.3    Roberts, M.S.4
  • 62
    • 0014220392 scopus 로고
    • "Bound water" in keratin membranes measured by a microbalance technique
    • Scheuplein R.J., Morgan L.J. "Bound water" in keratin membranes measured by a microbalance technique. Nature 1967, 214:456-458.
    • (1967) Nature , vol.214 , pp. 456-458
    • Scheuplein, R.J.1    Morgan, L.J.2
  • 63
    • 0016856135 scopus 로고
    • Permeability of solutes through biological membranes measured by a desorption technique
    • Roberts M.S., Triggs E.J., Anderson R.A. Permeability of solutes through biological membranes measured by a desorption technique. Nature 1975, 275:225-227.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.275 , pp. 225-227
    • Roberts, M.S.1    Triggs, E.J.2    Anderson, R.A.3
  • 64
    • 0345377426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected clobetasol propionate profile in human stratum corneum after topical application in vitro
    • Mueller B., Anissimov Y.G., Roberts M.S. Unexpected clobetasol propionate profile in human stratum corneum after topical application in vitro. Pharm. Res. 2003, 20:1835-1837.
    • (2003) Pharm. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 1835-1837
    • Mueller, B.1    Anissimov, Y.G.2    Roberts, M.S.3
  • 65
    • 78751661894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant skin physiology and development during the first years of life: a review of recent findings based on in vivo studies
    • Stamatas G.N., Nikolovski J., Mack M.C., Kollias N. Infant skin physiology and development during the first years of life: a review of recent findings based on in vivo studies. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2011, 33:17-24.
    • (2011) Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 17-24
    • Stamatas, G.N.1    Nikolovski, J.2    Mack, M.C.3    Kollias, N.4
  • 68
    • 0034495110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does epidermal turnover reduce percutaneous penetration?
    • Reddy M.B., Guy R.H., Bunge A.L. Does epidermal turnover reduce percutaneous penetration?. Pharm. Res. 2000, 17:1414-1419.
    • (2000) Pharm. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 1414-1419
    • Reddy, M.B.1    Guy, R.H.2    Bunge, A.L.3
  • 69
    • 58149233998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and control of percutaneous drug absorption in the presence of epidermal turnover
    • Simon L., Goyal A. Dynamics and control of percutaneous drug absorption in the presence of epidermal turnover. J. Pharm. Sci. 2009, 98:187-204.
    • (2009) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.98 , pp. 187-204
    • Simon, L.1    Goyal, A.2
  • 70
  • 71
    • 0342334134 scopus 로고
    • The percutaneous absorption of phenolic compounds 3. Evaluation of permeability through human stratum corneum using a desorption technique
    • Anderson R.A., Triggs E.J., Roberts M.S. The percutaneous absorption of phenolic compounds 3. Evaluation of permeability through human stratum corneum using a desorption technique. Aust. J. Pharm. Sci. 1976, NS5:107-110.
    • (1976) Aust. J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.NS5 , pp. 107-110
    • Anderson, R.A.1    Triggs, E.J.2    Roberts, M.S.3
  • 73
    • 0242290769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steady-state flux and lag time in the stratum corneum lipid pathway: results from finite element models
    • Frasch H.F., Barbero A.M. Steady-state flux and lag time in the stratum corneum lipid pathway: results from finite element models. J. Pharm. Sci. 2003, 92:2196-2207.
    • (2003) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.92 , pp. 2196-2207
    • Frasch, H.F.1    Barbero, A.M.2
  • 74
    • 33749985016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcellular route of diffusion through stratum corneum: results from finite element models
    • Barbero A.M., Frasch H.F. Transcellular route of diffusion through stratum corneum: results from finite element models. J. Pharm. Sci. 2006, 95:2186-2194.
    • (2006) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.95 , pp. 2186-2194
    • Barbero, A.M.1    Frasch, H.F.2
  • 75
    • 38148999422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-principles, structure-based transdermal transport model to evaluate lipid partition and diffusion coefficients of hydrophobic permeants solely from stratum corneum permeation experiments
    • Kushner J.T., Deen W., Blankschtein D., Langer R. First-principles, structure-based transdermal transport model to evaluate lipid partition and diffusion coefficients of hydrophobic permeants solely from stratum corneum permeation experiments. J. Pharm. Sci. 2007, 96:3236-3251.
    • (2007) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.96 , pp. 3236-3251
    • Kushner, J.T.1    Deen, W.2    Blankschtein, D.3    Langer, R.4
  • 76
    • 0029947420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-steady-state descriptions of drug permeation through stratum-corneum.1. The biphasic brick-and-mortar model
    • Heisig M., Lieckfeldt R., Wittum G., Mazurkevich G., Lee G. Non-steady-state descriptions of drug permeation through stratum-corneum.1. The biphasic brick-and-mortar model. Pharm. Res. 1996, 13:421-426.
    • (1996) Pharm. Res. , vol.13 , pp. 421-426
    • Heisig, M.1    Lieckfeldt, R.2    Wittum, G.3    Mazurkevich, G.4    Lee, G.5
  • 77
    • 37849014835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-silico model of skin penetration based on experimentally determined input parameters. Part II: mathematical modelling of in-vitro diffusion experiments. Identification of critical input parameters
    • Naegel A., Hansen S., Neumann D., Lehr C.M., Schaefer U.F., Wittum G., Heisig M. In-silico model of skin penetration based on experimentally determined input parameters. Part II: mathematical modelling of in-vitro diffusion experiments. Identification of critical input parameters. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2008, 68:368-379.
    • (2008) Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. , vol.68 , pp. 368-379
    • Naegel, A.1    Hansen, S.2    Neumann, D.3    Lehr, C.M.4    Schaefer, U.F.5    Wittum, G.6    Heisig, M.7
  • 78
    • 51849106382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of "bricks and mortar" model to predict transdermal permeation: model development and initial validation
    • Chen L., Lian G., Han L. Use of "bricks and mortar" model to predict transdermal permeation: model development and initial validation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47:6465-6472.
    • (2008) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , vol.47 , pp. 6465-6472
    • Chen, L.1    Lian, G.2    Han, L.3
  • 79
    • 33947323736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the method of homogenization to calculate the effective diffusivity of the stratum corneum
    • Rim J.E., Pinsky P.M., van Osdol W.W. Using the method of homogenization to calculate the effective diffusivity of the stratum corneum. J. Membr. Sci. 2007, 293:174-182.
    • (2007) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.293 , pp. 174-182
    • Rim, J.E.1    Pinsky, P.M.2    van Osdol, W.W.3
  • 80
    • 39649116621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the method of homogenization to calculate the effective diffusivity of the stratum corneum with permeable corneocytes
    • Rim J.E., Pinsky P.M., van Osdol W.W. Using the method of homogenization to calculate the effective diffusivity of the stratum corneum with permeable corneocytes. J. Biomech. 2008, 41:788-796.
    • (2008) J. Biomech. , vol.41 , pp. 788-796
    • Rim, J.E.1    Pinsky, P.M.2    van Osdol, W.W.3
  • 81
    • 67349086273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscale modeling framework of transdermal drug delivery
    • Rim J.E., Pinsky P.M., van Osdol W.W. Multiscale modeling framework of transdermal drug delivery. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2009, 37:1217-1229.
    • (2009) Ann. Biomed. Eng. , vol.37 , pp. 1217-1229
    • Rim, J.E.1    Pinsky, P.M.2    van Osdol, W.W.3
  • 82
    • 33645371782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiphase microscopic diffusion model for stratum corneum permeability. I. Formulation, solution, and illustrative results for representative compounds
    • Wang T.F., Kasting G.B., Nitsche J.M. A multiphase microscopic diffusion model for stratum corneum permeability. I. Formulation, solution, and illustrative results for representative compounds. J. Pharm. Sci. 2006, 95:620-648.
    • (2006) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.95 , pp. 620-648
    • Wang, T.F.1    Kasting, G.B.2    Nitsche, J.M.3
  • 83
    • 36849008672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiphase microscopic diffusion model for stratum corneum permeability. II. Estimation of physicochemical parameters, and application to a large permeability database
    • Wang T.F., Kasting G.B., Nitsche J.M. A multiphase microscopic diffusion model for stratum corneum permeability. II. Estimation of physicochemical parameters, and application to a large permeability database. J. Pharm. Sci. 2007, 96:3024-3051.
    • (2007) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.96 , pp. 3024-3051
    • Wang, T.F.1    Kasting, G.B.2    Nitsche, J.M.3
  • 84
    • 0030886388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of solute permeation through the stratum corneum: lateral bilayer diffusion as the primary transport mechanism
    • Johnson M.E., Blankschtein D., Langer R. Evaluation of solute permeation through the stratum corneum: lateral bilayer diffusion as the primary transport mechanism. J. Pharm. Sci. 1997, 86:1162-1172.
    • (1997) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.86 , pp. 1162-1172
    • Johnson, M.E.1    Blankschtein, D.2    Langer, R.3
  • 85
    • 0037426686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling skin permeability to hydrophilic and hydrophobic solutes based on four permeation pathways
    • Mitragotri S. Modeling skin permeability to hydrophilic and hydrophobic solutes based on four permeation pathways. J. Control. Release 2003, 86:69-92.
    • (2003) J. Control. Release , vol.86 , pp. 69-92
    • Mitragotri, S.1
  • 86
    • 0027258908 scopus 로고
    • The routes of penetration of ions and 5-fluorouracil across human skin and the mechanisms of action of terpene skin penetration enhancers
    • Cornwell P.A., Barry B.W. The routes of penetration of ions and 5-fluorouracil across human skin and the mechanisms of action of terpene skin penetration enhancers. Int. J. Pharm. 1993, 94:189-194.
    • (1993) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.94 , pp. 189-194
    • Cornwell, P.A.1    Barry, B.W.2
  • 87
    • 0028101808 scopus 로고
    • Hindered diffusion of polar-molecules through and effective pore radii estimates of intact and ethanol-treated human epidermal membrane
    • Peck K.D., Ghanem A.H., Higuchi W.I. Hindered diffusion of polar-molecules through and effective pore radii estimates of intact and ethanol-treated human epidermal membrane. Pharm. Res. 1994, 11:1306-1314.
    • (1994) Pharm. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 1306-1314
    • Peck, K.D.1    Ghanem, A.H.2    Higuchi, W.I.3
  • 88
    • 0030914876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iontophoretic transport across a synthetic membrane and human epidermal membrane: a study of the effects of permeant charge
    • Li S.K., Ghanem A.H., Peck K.D., Higuchi W.I. Iontophoretic transport across a synthetic membrane and human epidermal membrane: a study of the effects of permeant charge. J. Pharm. Sci. 1997, 86:680-689.
    • (1997) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.86 , pp. 680-689
    • Li, S.K.1    Ghanem, A.H.2    Peck, K.D.3    Higuchi, W.I.4
  • 89
    • 0031685384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal iontophoresis: II. Application of the ionic mobility-pore model to the transport of local anesthetics
    • Lai P.M., Roberts M.S. Epidermal iontophoresis: II. Application of the ionic mobility-pore model to the transport of local anesthetics. Pharm. Res. 1998, 15:1579-1588.
    • (1998) Pharm. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 1579-1588
    • Lai, P.M.1    Roberts, M.S.2
  • 90
    • 27844497505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfollicular drug delivery - is it a reality?
    • Meidan V.M., Bonner M.C., Michniak B.B. Transfollicular drug delivery - is it a reality?. Int. J. Pharm. 2005, 306:1-14.
    • (2005) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.306 , pp. 1-14
    • Meidan, V.M.1    Bonner, M.C.2    Michniak, B.B.3
  • 91
    • 0016223106 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic factors affecting epidermal penetration and percutaneous adsorption
    • Riegelman S. Pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic factors affecting epidermal penetration and percutaneous adsorption. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1974, 16:873-883.
    • (1974) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.16 , pp. 873-883
    • Riegelman, S.1
  • 92
    • 0018175223 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic analysis of percutaneous absorption: evidence of parallel penetration pathways for methotrexate
    • Wallace S.M., Barnett G. Pharmacokinetic analysis of percutaneous absorption: evidence of parallel penetration pathways for methotrexate. J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. 1978, 6:315-325.
    • (1978) J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. , vol.6 , pp. 315-325
    • Wallace, S.M.1    Barnett, G.2
  • 93
    • 0031949512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically relevant one-compartment pharmacokinetic models for skin. 1. Development of models
    • McCarley K.D., Bunge A.L. Physiologically relevant one-compartment pharmacokinetic models for skin. 1. Development of models. J. Pharm. Sci. 1998, 87:470-481.
    • (1998) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.87 , pp. 470-481
    • McCarley, K.D.1    Bunge, A.L.2
  • 94
    • 0033831162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically relevant two-compartment pharmacokinetic models for skin
    • McCarley K.D., Bunge A.L. Physiologically relevant two-compartment pharmacokinetic models for skin. J. Pharm. Sci. 2000, 89:1212-1235.
    • (2000) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.89 , pp. 1212-1235
    • McCarley, K.D.1    Bunge, A.L.2
  • 95
    • 2242473634 scopus 로고
    • Simulation studies of skin permeation
    • Zatz J. Simulation studies of skin permeation. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 1992, 43:37-48.
    • (1992) J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. , vol.43 , pp. 37-48
    • Zatz, J.1
  • 96
    • 80052827295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mathematical models for different exposure conditions
    • Informa Healthcare, New York, M.S. Roberts, K.A. Walters (Eds.)
    • Anissimov Y.G. Mathematical models for different exposure conditions. Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment 2008, 271-286. Informa Healthcare, New York. M.S. Roberts, K.A. Walters (Eds.).
    • (2008) Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment , pp. 271-286
    • Anissimov, Y.G.1
  • 97
    • 0026606514 scopus 로고
    • Predicting skin permeability
    • Potts R.O., Guy R.H. Predicting skin permeability. Pharm. Res. 1992, 9:663-669.
    • (1992) Pharm. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 663-669
    • Potts, R.O.1    Guy, R.H.2
  • 98
    • 0022470381 scopus 로고
    • Use of solubility parameters of drug and vehicle to predict flux through skin
    • Sloan K.B., Koch S.A., Siver K.G., Flowers F.P. Use of solubility parameters of drug and vehicle to predict flux through skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1986, 87:244-252.
    • (1986) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.87 , pp. 244-252
    • Sloan, K.B.1    Koch, S.A.2    Siver, K.G.3    Flowers, F.P.4
  • 99
    • 0029950564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal permeability: penetrant structure relationships.2. The effect of H-bonding groups in penetrants on their diffusion through the stratum corneum
    • Roberts M.S., Pugh W.J., Hadgraft J. Epidermal permeability: penetrant structure relationships.2. The effect of H-bonding groups in penetrants on their diffusion through the stratum corneum. Int. J. Pharm. 1996, 132:23-32.
    • (1996) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.132 , pp. 23-32
    • Roberts, M.S.1    Pugh, W.J.2    Hadgraft, J.3
  • 100
    • 0027521082 scopus 로고
    • A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure.1. General approach
    • Cleek R.L., Bunge A.L. A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure.1. General approach. Pharm. Res. 1993, 10:497-506.
    • (1993) Pharm. Res. , vol.10 , pp. 497-506
    • Cleek, R.L.1    Bunge, A.L.2
  • 101
    • 0032907905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical analysis of the effect of cutaneous metabolism on skin permeation of parabens based on a two-layer skin diffusion/metabolism model
    • Seko N., Bando H., Lim C.W., Yamashita F., Hashida M. Theoretical analysis of the effect of cutaneous metabolism on skin permeation of parabens based on a two-layer skin diffusion/metabolism model. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 1999, 22:281-287.
    • (1999) Biol. Pharm. Bull. , vol.22 , pp. 281-287
    • Seko, N.1    Bando, H.2    Lim, C.W.3    Yamashita, F.4    Hashida, M.5
  • 102
    • 0017695692 scopus 로고
    • Skin as an active metabolizing barrier. 1. Theoretical analysis of topical bioavailability
    • Ando H.Y., Ho N.F.H., Higuchi W.I. Skin as an active metabolizing barrier. 1. Theoretical analysis of topical bioavailability. J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66:1525-1528.
    • (1977) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1525-1528
    • Ando, H.Y.1    Ho, N.F.H.2    Higuchi, W.I.3
  • 103
    • 0018341173 scopus 로고
    • General physical model for simultaneous diffusion and metabolism in biological-membranes - computational approach for the steady-state case
    • Fox J.L., Yu C.D., Higuchi W.I., Ho N.F.H. General physical model for simultaneous diffusion and metabolism in biological-membranes - computational approach for the steady-state case. Int. J. Pharm. 1979, 2:41-57.
    • (1979) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.2 , pp. 41-57
    • Fox, J.L.1    Yu, C.D.2    Higuchi, W.I.3    Ho, N.F.H.4
  • 104
    • 0034616620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of diffusion and concurrent metabolism in cutaneous tissue
    • Boderke P., Schittkowski K., Wolf M., Merkle H.P. Modeling of diffusion and concurrent metabolism in cutaneous tissue. J. Theor. Biol. 2000, 204:393-407.
    • (2000) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.204 , pp. 393-407
    • Boderke, P.1    Schittkowski, K.2    Wolf, M.3    Merkle, H.P.4
  • 105
    • 0038289259 scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of skin: development, morphology, and physiology
    • W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, S.L. Moschella, H.J. Hurley (Eds.)
    • Jakubovic H.R., Ackermann A.B. Structure and function of skin: development, morphology, and physiology. Dermatology 1992, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. S.L. Moschella, H.J. Hurley (Eds.).
    • (1992) Dermatology
    • Jakubovic, H.R.1    Ackermann, A.B.2
  • 107
    • 0024997310 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of laser Doppler wave patterns with underlying microvascular anatomy
    • Braverman I.M., Keh A., Goldminz D. Correlation of laser Doppler wave patterns with underlying microvascular anatomy. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1990, 95:283-286.
    • (1990) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.95 , pp. 283-286
    • Braverman, I.M.1    Keh, A.2    Goldminz, D.3
  • 108
    • 33847171889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution of cutaneous microvasculature and local drug clearance after drug application on the skin
    • Cevc G., Vierl U. Spatial distribution of cutaneous microvasculature and local drug clearance after drug application on the skin. J. Control. Release 2007, 118:18-26.
    • (2007) J. Control. Release , vol.118 , pp. 18-26
    • Cevc, G.1    Vierl, U.2
  • 109
    • 0002277225 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and physiology of the lymphatics
    • CRC Press, Boca Raton, W.N. Charman, V.J. Stella (Eds.)
    • O'Driscoll C.M. Anatomy and physiology of the lymphatics. Lymphatics Transport of Drugs 1992, CRC Press, Boca Raton. W.N. Charman, V.J. Stella (Eds.).
    • (1992) Lymphatics Transport of Drugs
    • O'Driscoll, C.M.1
  • 110
    • 0017251095 scopus 로고
    • Absolute concentrations of an antimycotic agent, econazole, in the human skin after local application
    • Schaefer H., Stuttgen G. Absolute concentrations of an antimycotic agent, econazole, in the human skin after local application. Arzneimittelforschung 1976, 26:432-435.
    • (1976) Arzneimittelforschung , vol.26 , pp. 432-435
    • Schaefer, H.1    Stuttgen, G.2
  • 112
    • 0017646556 scopus 로고
    • Penetration, permeation, and absorption of triamcinolone acetonide in normal and psoriatic skin
    • Schaefer H., Zesch A., Stuttgen G. Penetration, permeation, and absorption of triamcinolone acetonide in normal and psoriatic skin. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 1977, 258:241-249.
    • (1977) Arch. Dermatol. Res. , vol.258 , pp. 241-249
    • Schaefer, H.1    Zesch, A.2    Stuttgen, G.3
  • 113
    • 0018245289 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of percutaneous absorption of radiolabeled drugs in vitro and in vivo by human skin
    • Schaefer H., Stuttgen G., Zesch A., Schalla W., Gazith J. Quantitative determination of percutaneous absorption of radiolabeled drugs in vitro and in vivo by human skin. Curr. Probl. Dermatol. 1978, 7:80-94.
    • (1978) Curr. Probl. Dermatol. , vol.7 , pp. 80-94
    • Schaefer, H.1    Stuttgen, G.2    Zesch, A.3    Schalla, W.4    Gazith, J.5
  • 114
    • 0016737614 scopus 로고
    • Penetration of radioactive hydrocortisone in human skin from various ointment bases. II. In vivo-experiments (author's transl)
    • Zesch A., Schaefer H. Penetration of radioactive hydrocortisone in human skin from various ointment bases. II. In vivo-experiments (author's transl). Arch. Dermatol. Forsch. 1975, 252:245-256.
    • (1975) Arch. Dermatol. Forsch. , vol.252 , pp. 245-256
    • Zesch, A.1    Schaefer, H.2
  • 115
    • 0027379398 scopus 로고
    • Blood-flow measurements in skin and underlying tissues by microsphere method - application to dermal pharmacokinetics of polar nonelectrolytes
    • Singh P., Roberts M.S. Blood-flow measurements in skin and underlying tissues by microsphere method - application to dermal pharmacokinetics of polar nonelectrolytes. J. Pharm. Sci. 1993, 82:873-879.
    • (1993) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.82 , pp. 873-879
    • Singh, P.1    Roberts, M.S.2
  • 116
    • 0028142655 scopus 로고
    • Effects of vasoconstriction on dermal pharmacokinetics and local tissue distribution of compounds
    • Singh P., Roberts M.S. Effects of vasoconstriction on dermal pharmacokinetics and local tissue distribution of compounds. J. Pharm. Sci. 1994, 83:783-791.
    • (1994) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.83 , pp. 783-791
    • Singh, P.1    Roberts, M.S.2
  • 118
    • 0028893333 scopus 로고
    • Penetration kinetics of 2?,3?-dideoxyinosine in dermis is described by the distributed model
    • Gupta E., Wientjes M.G., Au J.L. Penetration kinetics of 2?,3?-dideoxyinosine in dermis is described by the distributed model. Pharm. Res. 1995, 12:108-112.
    • (1995) Pharm. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 108-112
    • Gupta, E.1    Wientjes, M.G.2    Au, J.L.3
  • 119
    • 0032900592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining a model to predict the distribution of topically applied growth factors and other solutes in excisional full-thickness wounds
    • Cross S.E., Roberts M.S. Defining a model to predict the distribution of topically applied growth factors and other solutes in excisional full-thickness wounds. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1999, 112:36-41.
    • (1999) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.112 , pp. 36-41
    • Cross, S.E.1    Roberts, M.S.2
  • 120
    • 8644227608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed diffusion-clearance model for transient drug distribution within the skin
    • Kretsos K., Kasting G.B., Nitsche J.M. Distributed diffusion-clearance model for transient drug distribution within the skin. J. Pharm. Sci. 2004, 93:2820.
    • (2004) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.93 , pp. 2820
    • Kretsos, K.1    Kasting, G.B.2    Nitsche, J.M.3
  • 121
    • 0027195323 scopus 로고
    • Iontophoretic transdermal delivery of salicylic acid and lidocaine to local subcutaneous structures
    • Singh P., Roberts M.S. Iontophoretic transdermal delivery of salicylic acid and lidocaine to local subcutaneous structures. J. Pharm. Sci. 1993, 82:127-131.
    • (1993) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.82 , pp. 127-131
    • Singh, P.1    Roberts, M.S.2
  • 123
    • 36048955468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partitioning, diffusivity and clearance of skin permeants in mammalian dermis
    • Kretsos K., Miller M.A., Zamora-Estrada G., Kasting G.B. Partitioning, diffusivity and clearance of skin permeants in mammalian dermis. Int. J. Pharm. 2008, 346:64-79.
    • (2008) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.346 , pp. 64-79
    • Kretsos, K.1    Miller, M.A.2    Zamora-Estrada, G.3    Kasting, G.B.4
  • 124
    • 34247171927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A geometrical model of dermal capillary clearance
    • Kretsos K., Kasting G.B. A geometrical model of dermal capillary clearance. Math. Biosci. 2007, 208:430-453.
    • (2007) Math. Biosci. , vol.208 , pp. 430-453
    • Kretsos, K.1    Kasting, G.B.2
  • 125
    • 0000877820 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lipid solubility and molecular size on percutaneous absorption
    • Karger, Basel, B. Shroot, H. Schaefer (Eds.)
    • Kasting G., Smith R., Cooper E. Effect of lipid solubility and molecular size on percutaneous absorption. Pharmacology and the Skin 1987, 138-153. Karger, Basel. B. Shroot, H. Schaefer (Eds.).
    • (1987) Pharmacology and the Skin , pp. 138-153
    • Kasting, G.1    Smith, R.2    Cooper, E.3
  • 126
    • 0002584744 scopus 로고
    • Physicochemical determinants of skin absorption
    • Elsevier, New York, T.R. Gerrit, C.I. Henry (Eds.)
    • Flynn G.L. Physicochemical determinants of skin absorption. Principles of Route to Route Extrapolation for Risk Assessment 1990, 93-127. Elsevier, New York. T.R. Gerrit, C.I. Henry (Eds.).
    • (1990) Principles of Route to Route Extrapolation for Risk Assessment , pp. 93-127
    • Flynn, G.L.1
  • 127
    • 33845369015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design for optimized topical delivery: prodrugs and a paradigm change
    • Sloan K.B., Wasdo S.C., Rautio J. Design for optimized topical delivery: prodrugs and a paradigm change. Pharm. Res. 2006, 23:2729-2747.
    • (2006) Pharm. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 2729-2747
    • Sloan, K.B.1    Wasdo, S.C.2    Rautio, J.3
  • 128
    • 0020599769 scopus 로고
    • Solubility and partitioning VI: octanol solubility and octanol-water partition coefficients
    • Yalkowsky S.H., Valvani S.C., Roseman T.J. Solubility and partitioning VI: octanol solubility and octanol-water partition coefficients. J. Pharm. Sci. 1983, 72:866-870.
    • (1983) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.72 , pp. 866-870
    • Yalkowsky, S.H.1    Valvani, S.C.2    Roseman, T.J.3
  • 129
    • 79960898776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum transepidermal flux for similar size phenolic compounds is enhanced by solvent uptake into the skin
    • Zhang Q., Li P., Roberts M.S. Maximum transepidermal flux for similar size phenolic compounds is enhanced by solvent uptake into the skin. J. Control. Release 2011, 154:50-57.
    • (2011) J. Control. Release , vol.154 , pp. 50-57
    • Zhang, Q.1    Li, P.2    Roberts, M.S.3
  • 130
    • 84885948713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling skin permeability in risk assessment
    • Informa Healthcare, New York, M.S. Roberts, K.A. Walters (Eds.)
    • Fitzpatrick D., Golden D., Corish J. Modeling skin permeability in risk assessment. Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment 2008, 287-297. Informa Healthcare, New York. M.S. Roberts, K.A. Walters (Eds.).
    • (2008) Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment , pp. 287-297
    • Fitzpatrick, D.1    Golden, D.2    Corish, J.3
  • 131
    • 0344299548 scopus 로고
    • Penetration of low-molecular-weight alcohols into skin. I. Effect of concentration of alcohol and type of vehicle
    • Blank I.H. Penetration of low-molecular-weight alcohols into skin. I. Effect of concentration of alcohol and type of vehicle. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1964, 43:415-420.
    • (1964) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.43 , pp. 415-420
    • Blank, I.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.