Fetal and neonatal effects of anticoagulants used in pregnancy: A review

Turkish Journal of Pediatrics

Volumn 54, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 207-215

  Yurdakök, Murat ^a  

^a HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Fetus; Heparin; Newborn; Warfarin

Indexed keywords

ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ARGATROBAN; DALTEPARIN; DANAPAROID; DIPYRIDAMOLE; ENOXAPARIN; FONDAPARINUX; HEPARAN SULFATE; HEPARIN; HEPARIN BINDING EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; HIRULOG; LEPIRUDIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; RECOMBINANT HIRUDIN; THIENOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; WARFARIN;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; AORTA COARCTATION; BREAST FEEDING; CATARACT; CHOANA ATRESIA; CLEFT LIP; CLEFT LIP PALATE; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EAR MALFORMATION; EMBRYOPATHY; FETAL WARFARIN SYNDROME; FETUS MALFORMATION; GASTROSCHISIS; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMAN; LIMB HYPOPLASIA; LOW DRUG DOSE; MICROPHTHALMIA; OPTIC NERVE ATROPHY; PLACENTA; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS; REVIEW; SITUS INVERSUS; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; THROMBOEMBOLISM;

ANTICOAGULANTS; ASPIRIN; BREAST FEEDING; FEMALE; FETUS; HEPARIN; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; MATERNAL-FETAL EXCHANGE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, CARDIOVASCULAR; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; RISK FACTORS; WARFARIN;

EID: 84870330268     PISSN: 00414301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Greer IA. Antithrombotic therapy for recurrent miscarriage? N Engl J Med 2010;362:1630-1631.
2. Rodger MA. Anticoagulant prophylaxis for placenta mediated pregnancy complications. Thromb Res 2011;127(Suppl):S76-S80.
3. Rey E, Garneau P, David M, et al. Dalteparin for the prevention of recurrence of placental-mediated complications of pregnancy in women without thrombophilia: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Thromb Haemost 2009;7:58-64.
4. Kaandorp SP, Goddijn M, van der Post JA, et al. Aspirin plus heparin or aspirin alone in women with recurrent miscarriage. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1586-1596.
5. Middeldorp S. Low-molecular-weight heparins have no place in recurrent miscarriage: debate-for the motion. Thromb Res 2011;127(Suppl):S105-S109.
6. Gris JC. LMWH have no place in recurrent pregnancy loss: debate-against the motion. Thromb Res 2011;127(Suppl):S110-S112.
7. Dodd JM, McLeod A, Windrim RC, Kingdom J. Antithrombotic therapy for improving maternal or infant health outcomes in women considered at risk of placental dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (6): CD006780.
8. Many A, Koren G. Low-molecular-weight heparins during pregnancy. Can Fam Physician 2005;51:199-201. (Pubitemid 40277995)
9. Wainwright H, Beighton P. Warfarin embryopathy: fetal manifestations. Virchows Arch 2010;457:735-739.
10. Nassar AH, Hobeika EM, Abd Essamad HM, et al. Pregnancy outcome in women with prosthetic heart valves. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:1009-1013. (Pubitemid 39298150)
11. Blickstein D, Blickstein I. The risk of fetal loss associated with warfarin anticoagulation. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2002;78:221-225.
12. Chunilal SD, Bates SM. Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: diagnosis, management and prevention. Thromb Haemost 2009;101:428-438.
13. Cotrufo M, De Feo M, De Santo LS, et al. Risk of warfarin during pregnancy with mechanical valve prostheses. Obstet Gynecol 2002;99:35-40. (Pubitemid 34075465)
14. Chan KY, Gilbert-Barness E, Tiller G. Warfarin embryopathy. Pediatr Pathol Mol Med 2003;22:277-283. (Pubitemid 37092529)
15. Mehndiratta S, Suneja A, Gupta B, Bhatt S. Fetotoxicity of warfarin anticoagulation. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010;282:335-337.
16. Raghav S, Reutens D. Neurological sequelae of intrauterine warfarin exposure. J Clin Neurosci 2007;1114:99-103. (Pubitemid 44855608)
17. Wesseling J, Van Driel D, Heymans HS, et al. Coumarins during pregnancy: long term effects on growth and development of school age children. Thomb Haemost 2001;85:609-613. (Pubitemid 32293694)
18. Bates SM, Greer IA, Hirsh J, et al. Use of antithrombotic agents during pregnancy: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004;126:627S-644S. (Pubitemid 39297966)
19. Srivastava AR, Modi P, Sahi S, Niwariya Y, Singh H, Banerjee A. Anticoagulation for pregnant patients with mechanical heart valves. Ann Card Anaesth 2007;10:95-107.
20. Ansell J, Hirsh J, Poller L, et al. The pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004;126:204S-233S. (Pubitemid 39297955)
21. Walfisch A, Koren G. The "warfarin window" in pregnancy: the importance of half-life. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2010;32:988-989.
22. Schaefer C, Hannemann D, Meister R, et al. Vitamin K antagonists and pregnancy outcome. A multi-centre prospective study. Thromb Haemost 2006;95:949-957. (Pubitemid 43940752)
23. Khan AO. Optic nerve dysfunction in a child following low-dose maternal warfarin exposure. Ophthalmic Genet 2007;28:183-184. (Pubitemid 47493769)
24. James AH. Pregnancy-associated thrombosis. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2009:277-285.
25. James AH, Abel DE, Brancazio LR. Anticoagulants in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2006;61:59-69. (Pubitemid 43052288)
26. Masamoto H, Uehara H, Mekaru K, Uezato T, Sakumoto K, Aoki Y. Warfarin-associated fetal intracranial hemorrhage in woman with mitral valve replacements: a case report. Am J Perinatol 2009;26:597-600.
27. Montavon C, Hoesli I, Holzgreve W, Tsakiris DA. Thrombophilia and anticoagulation in pregnancy: indications, risks and management. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008;21:685-696.
28. Bates SM, Greer LA, Hirsh J, Ginsberg JS. Use of antithrombotic agents during pregnancy: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004;126(Suppl):627S-644S. (Pubitemid 39297966)
29. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-789.
30. Deruelle P, Coulon C. The use of low-molecular-weight heparins in pregnancy: how safe are they? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2007;19:573-577. (Pubitemid 350135441)
31. Greer LA, Nelson-Piercy C. Low-molecular-weight heparins for thromboprophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: a systematic review of safety and efficacy. Blood 2005;106:401-407. (Pubitemid 40981229)
32. Hossain N, Schatz F, Paidas MJ. Heparin and maternal fetal interface: why should it work to prevent pregnancy complications? Thromb Res 2009;124:653-655.
33. D'Ippolito S, Ortiz AS, Veglia M, Tersigni C, Di Simone N. Low molecular weight heparin in obstetric care: a review of the literature. Reprod Sci 2011;18:602-613.
34. Kwak-Kim J, Yang KM, Gilman-Sachs A. Recurrent pregnancy loss: a disease of inflammation and coagulation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2009;35:609-622.
35. Jessmon P, Leach RE, Armant DR. Diverse functions of HB-EGF during pregnancy. Mol Reprod Dev 2009;76:1116-1127.
36. Carroll SM, White FC, Roth DM, et al. Heparin accelerates coronary collateral development in a porcine model of coronary artery occlusion. Circulation 1993;88:198-207. (Pubitemid 23195450)
37. Guyton JR, Rosenberg RD, Clowes AW, et al. Inhibition of rat arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by heparin. In vivo studies with anticoagulant and nonanticoagulant heparin. Circ Res 1980;46:625-634. (Pubitemid 10096678)
38. Collen A, Smorenburg SM, Peters E, et al. Unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin affect fibrin structure and angiogenesis in vitro. Cancer Res 2000;60:6196-6200.
39. Passaniti A, Taylor RM, Pili R, et al. A simple, quantitative method for assessing angiogenesis and antiangiogenic agents using reconstituted basement membrane, heparin, and fibroblast growth factor. Lab Invest 1992;67:519-528.
40. O'Blenes SB, Merklinger SL, Jegatheeswaran A, et al. Low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin are both effective at accelerating pulmonary vascular maturation in neonatal rabbits. Circulation 2003;108(Suppl):II161- II166. (Pubitemid 37099948)
41. Watanabe S, Suzuki X Shizawa S, Endoh M, Tabayashi K, Sasano H. Heparin accelerates pulmonary artery development in neonate rabbits. Tohoku J Exp Med 2005;207:171-179. (Pubitemid 41601033)
42. Khoury J, Langleben D. Heparin-like molecules inhibit pulmonary vascular pericyte proliferation in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000;279:L252-L261.
43. Cindhuchao N, Quinn DA, Garg HG, Hales CA. Heparin inhibits SMC growth in the presence of human and fetal bovine serum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;302:84-88. (Pubitemid 36268922)
44. Hassoun PM, Thompson BT, Hales CA. Partial reversal of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by heparin. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:193-196.
45. Al-Ansari E, Du HK, Yu L, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin inhibits hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in guinea pigs. Chest 2007;132:1898-1905.
46. th 2011; Poster 22.
47. Canpolat FE, Orhan D, Yigit S, Kale G, Yurdakok M, Tekinalp G. The effects of antenatal anticoagulants (low-molecular-weight heparin and aspirin) on neonatal pulmonary vasculature in rabbits. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2010;13:107-111.
48. Kalodiki E, Fareed J. New and generic anticoagulants and biosimilars: safety considerations. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2011;17:136-139.
49. Ramacciotti E, Clark M, Sadeghi N, et al. Review: contaminants in heparin: review of the literature, molecular profiling, and clinical implications. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2011;17:126-135.
50. Garg HG, Yu L, Hales CA, Toida X Islam T, Linhardt RJ. Sulfation patterns in heparin and heparan sulfate: effects on the proliferation of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2003;1639:225-231. (Pubitemid 37421429)
51. Garg HG, Joseph PA, Thompson BT, et al. Effect of fully sulfated glycosaminoglycans on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999;371:228-233.
52. Robertson AF. Reflections on errors in neonatology III. The "experienced" years, 1970 to 2000. J Perinatol 2003;23:240-249. (Pubitemid 36656527)
53. Shehab N, Lewis CL, Streetman DD, Donn SM. Exposure to the pharmaceutical excipients benzyl alcohol and propylene glycol among critically ill neonates. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2009;10:256-259.
54. Dager WE, White RH. Treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:489-503. (Pubitemid 34205325)
55. Lagrange F, Brun JL, Vergnes MC, et al. Fondaparinux sodium does not cross the placental barrier: study using the in-vitro human dually perfused cotyledon model. Clin Pharmacokinet 2002;41:47-49. (Pubitemid 35155557)
56. Lagrange F, Vergnes C, Brun JL, et al. Absence of placental transfer of pentasaccharide (Fondaparinux, Arixtra) in the dually perfused human cotyledon in vitro. Thromb Haemost 2002;87:831-835. (Pubitemid 34516610)
57. Dempfle CE. Minor transplacental passage of fondaparinux in vivo. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1914-1915.
58. Duhl AJ, Paidas MJ, Ural SH, et al.; Pregnancy and Thrombosis Working Group. Antithrombotic therapy and pregnancy: consensus report and recommendations for prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:457.el-21.
59. Markwardt F, Fink G, Kaiser B, et al. Pharmacological survey of recombinant hirudin. Pharmazie 1988;43:202-207. (Pubitemid 18096026)
60. Rowan JA, McCowan LM, Raudkivi PJ, et al. Enoxaparin treatment in women with mechanical heart valves during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:633-637. (Pubitemid 32862552)
61. Farquharson RG, Quenby S, Greaves M. Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy: a randomized, controlled trial of treatment. Obstet Gynecol 2002;100:408-413. (Pubitemid 35246124)
62. Pattison NS, Chamley LW, Birdsall M, et al. Does aspirin have a role in improving pregnancy outcome for women with the antiphospholipid syndrome? A randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1008-1012.
63. Duley L, Henderson-Smart D, Knight M, et al. Antiplatelet drugs for prevention of pre-eclampsia and its consequences: systematic review. BMJ 2001;322:329-333. (Pubitemid 32150730)
64. Coomarasamy A, Braunholtz D, Song F, et al. Individualising use of aspirin to prevent pre-eclampsia: a framework for clinical decision making. BJOG 2003;110:882-888. (Pubitemid 37204942)
65. Kozer E, Nikfar S, Costei A, et al. Aspirin consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy and congenital anomalies: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:1623-1630. (Pubitemid 36026698)
66. Norgard B, Puho E, Czeizel AE, et al. Aspirin use during early pregnancy and the risk of congenital abnormalities: a population-based case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:922-923. (Pubitemid 40311290)
67. Askie LM, Duley L, Henderson-Smart DJ, et al. Antiplatelet agents for prevention of pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet 2007;369:1791-1798. (Pubitemid 46782996)
68. Martinez-Frias ML, Rodriguez-Pinilla E, Prieto L. Prenatal exposure to salicylates and gastroschisis: a case-control study. Teratology 1997;56:241-243. (Pubitemid 28017634)
69. Werler MM, Sheehan JE, Mitchell AA. Maternal medication use and risks of gastroschisis and small intestinal atresia. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:26-31. (Pubitemid 34042429)
70. James AH, Brancazio LR, Price T. Aspirin and reproductive outcomes. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2008;63:49-57. (Pubitemid 351619341)
71. Perkin RM, Levin DL, Clark R. Serum salicylate levels and right-to-left ductus shunts in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. J Pediatr 1980;96:721-726. (Pubitemid 10110325)
72. Alano MA, Ngougmna E, Ostrea EM Jr, et al. Analysis of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in meconium and its relation to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatrics 2001;107:519-523. (Pubitemid 32183186)
73. CLASP collaborative group. Low dose aspirin in pregnancy and early childhood development: follow up of the collaborative low dose aspirin study in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995;102:861-868.
74. Ivey KN, Srivastava D. The paradoxical patent ductus arteriosus. J Clin Invest 2006;116:2863-2865.
75. Klinzing P, Markert UR, Liesaus K, et al. Case report: successful pregnancy and delivery after myocardial infarction and essential thrombocythemia treated with clopidogrel. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2001;28:215-216. (Pubitemid 34154992)
76. Martin M, Romero E, Moris C. [Acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy. Treatment with clopidogrel]. Med Clin (Bare) 2003;121:278-279. (Pubitemid 37193069)
77. Ueno M, Masuda H, Nakamura K, et al. Antiplatelet therapy for a pregnant woman with a mechanical aortic valve: report of a case. Surg Today 2001;31:1002-1004. (Pubitemid 33141287)
78. Sebastian C, Scherlag M, Kugelmass A, et al. Primary stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy: use of abciximab, ticlopidine, and aspirin. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1998;45:275-279. (Pubitemid 28503342)
79. Miller RK, Mace K, Polliotti B, et al. Marginal transfer of ReoPro (Abciximab) compared with immunoglobulin G (F105), inulin and water in the perfused human placenta in vitro. Placenta 2003;24:727-738. (Pubitemid 37184795)