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Folkeringa N, Brouwer JL, Korteweg FJ, et al. Reduction of high fetal loss rate by anticoagulant treatment during pregnancy in antithrombin, protein C or protein S deficient women. Br J Haematol 2007; 136:656-661. Beyond the safety, LMWH increase the live birth rate in women with thrombophilia.
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Greer IA, Nelson-Piercy C. Low-molecular-weight heparins for thromboprophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: a systematic review of safety and efficacy. Blood 2005; 106:401-407.
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Lepercq J, Conard J, Borel-Derlon A, et al. Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy: a retrospective study of enoxaparin safety in 624 pregnancies. BJOG 2001; 108:1134-1140.
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Lepercq, J.1
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Lindqvist PG, Dahlback B. Bleeding complications associated with low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis during pregnancy. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84:140-141.
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Blanco-Molina A, Trujillo-Santos J, Criado J, et al. Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or postpartum: findings from the RIETE Registry. Thromb Haemost 2007; 97:186-190. The RIETE registry followed up 11 630 patients with acute venous thromboembolism, including 848 women under 47 years and 136 pregnant women. The safety of LMWH was similar in pregnant and nonpregnant patients.
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Blanco-Molina A, Trujillo-Santos J, Criado J, et al. Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or postpartum: findings from the RIETE Registry. Thromb Haemost 2007; 97:186-190. The RIETE registry followed up 11 630 patients with acute venous thromboembolism, including 848 women under 47 years and 136 pregnant women. The safety of LMWH was similar in pregnant and nonpregnant patients.
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10
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34249863380
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Kominiarek MA, Angelopoulos SM, Shapiro NL, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin in pregnancy: peripartum bleeding complications. J Perinatol 2007; 27:329-334. This study examined the risk of peripartum bleeding associated with LMWH. When LMWH treatment is discontinued at least 24 h before delivery, the risk of postpartum bleeding is not increased: 11% in treated and 8.2% in untreated patients.
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Kominiarek MA, Angelopoulos SM, Shapiro NL, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin in pregnancy: peripartum bleeding complications. J Perinatol 2007; 27:329-334. This study examined the risk of peripartum bleeding associated with LMWH. When LMWH treatment is discontinued at least 24 h before delivery, the risk of postpartum bleeding is not increased: 11% in treated and 8.2% in untreated patients.
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12
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Lee RH, Goodwin TM. Massive subchorionic hematoma associated with enoxaparin. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108 (3 Pt 2):787-789. This paper reports a major hematoma related to LMWH treatment and reminds us that LMWH may potentiate unpredictable bleeding events in pregnancy.
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Lee RH, Goodwin TM. Massive subchorionic hematoma associated with enoxaparin. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108 (3 Pt 2):787-789. This paper reports a major hematoma related to LMWH treatment and reminds us that LMWH may potentiate unpredictable bleeding events in pregnancy.
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13
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0029035681
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Lindhoff-Last E, Kreutzenbeck HJ, Magnani HN. Treatment of 51 pregnancies with danaparoid because of heparin intolerance. Thromb Haemost 2005; 93:63-69.
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16
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33947313012
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Fondaparinux is an effective alternative anticoagulant in pregnant women with high risk of venous thromboembolism and intolerance to low-molecular-weight heparins and heparinoids
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This paper describes two cases of successful management with fondaparinux of pregnant women with heparin intolerance. There is some concern about the transplacental passage of this new anticoagulant
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Gerhardt A, Zotz RB, Stockschlaeder M, Scharf RE. Fondaparinux is an effective alternative anticoagulant in pregnant women with high risk of venous thromboembolism and intolerance to low-molecular-weight heparins and heparinoids. Thromb Haemost 2007; 97:496-497. This paper describes two cases of successful management with fondaparinux of pregnant women with heparin intolerance. There is some concern about the transplacental passage of this new anticoagulant.
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Gerhardt, A.1
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Mazzolai L, Hohlfeld P, Spertini F, et al. Fondaparinux is a safe alternative in case of heparin intolerance during pregnancy. Blood 2006; 108:1569-1570. This paper describes two cases of successful management with fondaparinux of pregnant women with heparin intolerance. There is some concern about the transplacental passage of this new anticoagulant.
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Mazzolai L, Hohlfeld P, Spertini F, et al. Fondaparinux is a safe alternative in case of heparin intolerance during pregnancy. Blood 2006; 108:1569-1570. This paper describes two cases of successful management with fondaparinux of pregnant women with heparin intolerance. There is some concern about the transplacental passage of this new anticoagulant.
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18
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Brenner B, Bar J, Ellis M, et al. Effects of enoxaparin on late pregnancy complications and neonatal outcome in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and thrombophilia: results from the LIVE-ENOX study. Fertil Steril 2005; 84:770-773.
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Deruelle P, Denervaud M, Hachulla E, et al. Use of low-molecular-weight heparin from the first trimester of pregnancy: a retrospective study of 111 consecutive pregnancies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 127:73-78. This study focused on LMWH therapy started specifically during the first trimester. The use of LMWH for patients requiring anticoagulant treatment from the first trimester appears safe for both pregnant mother and fetus. No major adverse event was related to LMWH treatment.
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Deruelle P, Denervaud M, Hachulla E, et al. Use of low-molecular-weight heparin from the first trimester of pregnancy: a retrospective study of 111 consecutive pregnancies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 127:73-78. This study focused on LMWH therapy started specifically during the first trimester. The use of LMWH for patients requiring anticoagulant treatment from the first trimester appears safe for both pregnant mother and fetus. No major adverse event was related to LMWH treatment.
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21
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Casele H, Haney EI, James A, et al. Bone density changes in women who receive thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:1109-1113. This prospective, randomized trial found the incidence of significant bone loss to be similar in LMWH therapy and unfractioned heparin therapy. Interestingly, most of patients received calcium±vitamin D supplementation. These data suggest that calcium supplementation may reduce the impact of heparin-induced osteoporosis. Daily calcium consumption is recommended for pregnant women receiving LMWH.
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Casele H, Haney EI, James A, et al. Bone density changes in women who receive thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:1109-1113. This prospective, randomized trial found the incidence of significant bone loss to be similar in LMWH therapy and unfractioned heparin therapy. Interestingly, most of patients received calcium±vitamin D supplementation. These data suggest that calcium supplementation may reduce the impact of heparin-induced osteoporosis. Daily calcium consumption is recommended for pregnant women receiving LMWH.
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32
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Uysal II, Karabulut AK, Ozdemir K, et al. Investigation of direct toxic and teratogenic effects of anticoagulants on rat embryonic development using in vitro culture method and genotoxicity assay. Anat Histol Embryol 2006; 35:84-92. This work demonstrated that LMWH have direct toxic and teratogenic effects on embryonic growth and development in cultured rat embryos. Fortunately, LMWH do not cross the placenta and have no direct effects on the embryo or fetus in vivo.
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Uysal II, Karabulut AK, Ozdemir K, et al. Investigation of direct toxic and teratogenic effects of anticoagulants on rat embryonic development using in vitro culture method and genotoxicity assay. Anat Histol Embryol 2006; 35:84-92. This work demonstrated that LMWH have direct toxic and teratogenic effects on embryonic growth and development in cultured rat embryos. Fortunately, LMWH do not cross the placenta and have no direct effects on the embryo or fetus in vivo.
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Investigation of the effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparin on E-cadherin and laminin expression in rat pregnancy by immunohistochemistry
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Erden O, Imir A, Guvenal T, et al. Investigation of the effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparin on E-cadherin and laminin expression in rat pregnancy by immunohistochemistry. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:3014-3018.
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(2006)
Hum Reprod
, vol.21
, pp. 3014-3018
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Erden, O.1
Imir, A.2
Guvenal, T.3
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