Strategies for therapeutic hypometabothermia

Journal of Experimental Stroke and Translational Medicine

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 31-42

  Liu, Shimin ^a   Chen, Jiang Fan ^a  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cold adaption; Hypothermia; Metabolic suppression; Neuroprotection; Thermoregulation

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; AMILORIDE; AMOBARBITAL; ANTIMYCIN A1; ATROPINE; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BROMETHOL; BUSPIRONE; CAMPHOR; CAPSAICIN; CAPSAZEPINE; CARVEDILOL; DEOXYGLUCOSE; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE; GADOLINIUM; GENTAMICIN; ISOFLURANE; KETAMINE; LIDOCAINE; MEDETOMIDINE; N (4 TERT BUTYLPHENYL) 4 (3 CHLORO 2 PYRIDINYL) 1 PIPERAZINECARBOXAMIDE; PENTOBARBITAL; PETHIDINE; POTASSIUM; ROTENONE; RUTHENIUM RED; SEVOFLURANE; UNINDEXED DRUG; XYLAZINE;

ARTICLE; BASAL METABOLIC RATE; BLEEDING; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; COLD TOLERANCE; CONVULSION; CORE TEMPERATURE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG HALF LIFE; ECG ABNORMALITY; ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCE; GLYCOLYSIS; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPOKALEMIA; HYPOMAGNESEMIA; HYPONATREMIA; HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; HYPOTENSION; IC 50; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; LD 50; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PNEUMONIA; PROFOUND INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; SHIVERING; THERAPEUTIC HYPOMETABOTHERMIA; THERAPY EFFECT; THERMOREGULATION; TIME TO MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION;

EID: 84867135698     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1939067X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.6030/1939-067X-5.1.31     Document Type: Article

References (142)

1. Anderson TC, Li CQ, Shao ZH, Hoang T, Chan KC, Hamann KJ, Becker LB, Vanden Hoek TL (2006) Transient and partial mitochondrial inhibition for the treatment of postresuscitation injury: getting it just right. Crit Care Med 34:S474-82
2. Andersson DA, Chase HW, Bevan S (2004) TRPM8 activation by menthol, icilin, and cold is differentially modulated by intracellular pH. J Neurosci 24:5364-9
3. Andrews MT (2007) Advances in molecular biology of hibernation in mammals. Bioessays 29:431-40
4. Astrup J, Sorensen PM, Sorensen HR (1981) Inhibition of cerebral oxygen and glucose consumption in the dog by hypothermia, pentobarbital, and lidocaine. Anesthesiology 55:263-8
5. Bari F, Jancso G (1994) Ruthenium red antagonism of capsaicin-induced vascular changes in the rat nasal mucosa. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 251:287-92
6. Baxendale S (2009) The Wada test. Curr Opin Neurol 22:185-9
7. Behrendt HJ, Germann T, Gillen C, Hatt H, Jostock R (2004) Characterization of the mouse cold-menthol receptor TRPM8 and vanilloid receptor type-1 VR1 using a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay. Br J Pharmacol 141:737-45
8. Berger R, Jensen A, Hossmann KA, Paschen W (1998) Effect of mild hypothermia during and after transient in vitro ischemia on metabolic disturbances in hippocampal slices at different stages of development. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 105:67-77
9. Blackstone E, Morrison M, Roth MB (2005) H2S induces a suspended animation-like state in mice. Science 308:518
10. BMJ1900 (2000) Human hibernation. BMJ 320:1245
11. Boatman JB, Moses C (1951) Radioiodine concentrations and clearances in rats receiving iodine, thyroid and propylthiouracil. Endocrinology 48:413-22
12. Boess FG, Monsma FJ, Jr., Carolo C, Meyer V, Rudler A, Zwingelstein C, Sleight AJ (1997) Functional and radioligand binding characterization of rat 5-HT6 receptors stably expressed in HEK293 cells. Neuropharmacology 36:713-20
13. Boutrid H, Jockovich ME, Murray TG, Pina Y, Feuer WJ, Lampidis TJ, Cebulla CM (2008) Targeting hypoxia, a novel treatment for advanced retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49:2799-805
14. Braulke LJ, Klingenspor M, DeBarber A, Tobias SC, Grandy DK, Scanlan TS, Heldmaier G (2008) 3-lodothyronamine: a novel hormone controlling the balance between glucose and lipid utilisation. J Comp Physiol B 178:167-77
15. Brignell JL, Chapman V, Kendall DA (2008) Comparison of icilin- and cold-evoked responses of spinal neurones, and their modulation of mechanical activity, in a model of neuropathic pain. Brain Res 1215:87-96
16. Brown ET, Umino Y, Loi T, Solessio E, Barlow R (2005) Anesthesia can cause sustained hyperglycemia in C57/BL6J mice. Vis Neurosci 22:615-8
17. Brown JC, Gerson AR, Staples JF (2007) Mitochondrial metabolism during daily torpor in the dwarf Siberian hamster: role of active regulated changes and passive thermal effects. Am J Physiol Regul lntegr Comp Physiol 293:R1833-45
18. Buck CL, Barnes BM (2000) Effects of ambient temperature on metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, and torpor in an arctic hibernator. Am J Physiol Regul lntegr Comp Physiol 279:R255-62
19. Buzzi MG, Moskowitz MA, Peroutka SJ, Byun B (1991) Further characterization of the putative 5-HT receptor which mediates blockade of neurogenic plasma extravasation in rat dura mater. Br J Pharmacol 103:1421-8
20. Cahusac PM (2009) Effects of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel agonists and antagonists on slowly adapting type II mechanoreceptors in the rat sinus hair follicle. J Peripher Nery Syst 14:300-9
21. Cairns CJ, Thomas B, Fletcher S, Parr MJ, Finfer SR (2002) Life-threatening hyperkalaemia following therapeutic barbiturate coma. Intensive Care Med 28:1357-60
22. Canini F, Brahimi S, Drouet JB, Michel V, Alonso A, Buguet A, Cespuglio R (2009) Metyrapone decreases locomotion acutely. Neurosci Lett 457:41-4
23. Chen Q, Vazquez EJ, Moghaddas S, Hoppel CL, Lesnefsky EJ (2003) Production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria: central role of complex III. J Biol Chem 278:36027-31
24. Chen Q, Moghaddas S, Hoppel CL, Lesnefsky EJ (2006) Reversible blockade of electron transport during ischemia protects mitochondria and decreases myocardial injury following reperfusion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 319:1405-12
25. Cohen ML, Schenck K, Nelson D, Robertson DW (1992) Sumatriptan and 5-benzyloxytryptamine: contractility of two 5-HT1 D receptor ligands in canine saphenous veins. Eur J Pharmacol 211:43-6
26. Cohn L, Cohn M, Taylor FH (1976) Measurements of brain amobarbital concentrations in rats anesthetized and overdosed by amobarbital and treated centrally with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Life Sci 18:261-5
27. Collman JP, Ghosh S, Dey A, Decreau RA (2009) Using a functional enzyme model to understand the chemistry behind hydrogen sulfide induced hibernation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:22090-5
28. Coupey SM (1997) Barbiturates. Pediatr Rev 18:260-4; quiz 5
29. Dark J, Miller DR, Zucker I (1994) Reduced glucose availability induces torpor in Siberian hamsters. Am J Physiol 267:R496-501
30. Defalco J, Steiger D, Dourado M, Emerling D, Duncton MA (2010) 5-Benzyloxytryptamine as an antagonist of TRPM8. Bioorg Med Chem Lett
31. Dhaka A, Murray AN, Mathur J, Earley TJ, Petrus MJ, Patapoutian A (2007) TRPM8 is required for cold sensation in mice. Neuron 54:371-8
32. Doyle PW, Matta BF (1999) Burst suppression or isoelectric encephalogram for cerebral protection: evidence from metabolic suppression studies. Br J Anaesth 83:580-4
33. Dunham JP, Leith JL, Lumb BM, Donaldson LF (2010) Transient receptor potential channel Al and noxious cold responses in rat cutaneous nociceptors. Neuroscience 165:1412-9
34. Esmaeili V, Shamsollahi MB, Arefian NM, Assareh A (2007) Classifying depth of anesthesia using EEG features, a comparison. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007:4106-9
35. Fajardo O, Meseguer V, Belmonte C, Viana F (2008) TRPA1 channels mediate cold temperature sensing in mammalian vagal sensory neurons: pharmacological and genetic evidence. J Neurosci 28:7863-75
36. Farris HE, LeBlanc CL, Goswami J, Ricci AJ (2004) Probing the pore of the auditory hair cell mechanotransducer channel in turtle. J Physiol 558:769-92
37. Fato R, Bergamini C, Bortolus M, Maniero AL, Leoni S, Ohnishi T, Lenaz G (2009) Differential effects of mitochondrial Complex I inhibitors on production of reactive oxygen species. Biochim Biophys Acta 1787:384-92
38. Florant GL, Weitzman ED, Jayant A, Côté LJ (1982) Plasma catecholamine levels during cold adaptation and hibernation in woodchucks (Marmota monax). Journal of Thermal Biology 7:143-6
39. Frank SM, Higgins MS, Breslow MJ, Fleisher LA, Gorman RB, Sitzmann JV, Raff H, Beattie C (1995) The catecholamine, cortisol, and hemodynamic responses to mild perioperative hypothermia. A randomized clinical trial. Anesthesiology 82:83-93
40. Frank SM, Higgins MS, Fleisher LA, Sitzmann JV, Raff H, Breslow MJ (1997) Adrenergic, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects of core cooling in humans. Am J Physiol 272:R557-62
41. Frerichs KU, Kennedy C, Sokoloff L, Hallenbeck JM (1994) Local cerebral blood flow during hibernation, a model of natural tolerance to "cerebral ischemia". J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 14:193-205
42. FrAnesthesiology erichs KU, Dienel GA, Cruz NF, Sokoloff L, Hallenbeck JM (1995) Rates of glucose utilization in brain of active and hibernating ground squirrels. Am J Physiol 268:R445-53
43. Fuzesi T, Wittmann G, Lechan RM, Liposits Z, Fekete C (2009) Noradrenergic innervation of hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons in rats. Brain Res 1294:38-44
44. Garcia-Anoveros J, Nagata K (2007) Trpal. Handb Exp Pharmacol:347-62
45. Gasior M, Yankura J, Hartman AL, French A, Rogawski MA (2010) Anticonvulsant and proconvulsant actions of 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Epilepsia 51:1385-94
46. Goldstein DS, Kopin IJ (2008) Adrenomedullary, adrenocortical, and sympathoneural responses to stressors: a meta-analysis. Endocr Regul 42:111-9
47. Greif R, Laciny S, Rajek A, Doufas AG, Sessler DI (2003) Blood pressure response to thermoregulatory vasoconstriction during isoflurane and desflurane anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 47:847-52
48. Grivennikova VG, Vinogradov AD (2006) Generation of superoxide by the mitochondrial Complex I. Biochim Biophys Acta 1757:553-61
49. Guissouma H, Froidevaux MS, Hassani Z, Demeneix BA (2006) In vivo siRNA delivery to the mouse hypothalamus confirms distinct roles of TR beta isoforms in regulating TRH transcription. Neurosci Lett 406:240-3
50. Gupta S, Mathur R, Dwarakanath BS (2005) The glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose enhances the efficacy of etoposide in ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Biol Ther 4:87-94
51. Hahn RG, Lofgren A (2000) Epinephrine, potassium and the electrocardiogram during regional anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 17:132-7
52. Harteneck C, Frenzel H, Kraft R (2007) N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA): a phospholipase A(2) inhibitor and TRP channel blocker. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 25:61-75
53. Heldmaier G, Ortmann S, Elvert R (2004) Natural hypometabolism during hibernation and daily torpor in mammals. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 141:317-29
54. Holzer M (2010) Targeted temperature management for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. N Eng/ J Med 363:1256-64
55. Hudson JW, Wang LC (1979) Hibernation: endocrinologic aspects. Annu Rev Physiol 41:287-303
56. Johnson EO, Kamilaris TC, Calogero AE, Gold PW, Chrousos GP (2005) Experimentally-induced hyperthyroidism is associated with activation of the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Eur J Endocrinol 153:177-85
57. Jonsson G, Hallman H, Ponzio F, Ross S (1981) DSP4 (N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine)--a useful denervation tool for central and peripheral noradrenaline neurons. Eur J Pharmacol72:173-88
58. Jordt SE, Bautista DM, Chuang HH, McKemy DD, Zygmunt PM, Hogestatt ED, Meng ID, Julius D (2004) Mustard oils and cannabinoids excite sensory nerve fibres through the TRP channel ANKTM1. Nature 427:260-5
59. Jung JY, Lee C, Ro H, Kim HS, Joo KW, Kim Y, Ahn C, Han JS, Kim S, Oh KH (2009) Sequential occurrence of life-threatening hypokalemia and rebound hyperkalemia associated with barbiturate coma therapy. Clin Nephrol 71:333-7
60. Karashima Y, Talavera K, Everaerts W, Janssens A, Kwan KY, Vennekens R, Nilius B, Voets T (2009) TRPA1 acts as a cold sensor in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:1273-8
61. Karpovich SA, Toien O, Buck CL, Barnes BM (2009) Energetics of arousal episodes in hibernating arctic ground squirrels. J Comp Physiol B 179:691-700
62. Kim JH, Joo EY, Han SJ, Cho JW, Lee JH, Seo DW, Hong SB (2007) Can pentobarbital replace amobarbital in the Wada test? Epilepsy Behav 11:378-83
63. Kimberger O, Ali SZ, Markstaller M, Zmoos S, Lauber R, Hunkeler C, Kurz A (2007) Meperidine and skin surface warming additively reduce the shivering threshold: a volunteer study. Crit Care 11:R29
64. Kobayashi K, Fukuoka T, Obata K, Yamanaka H, Dai Y, Tokunaga A, Noguchi K (2005) Distinct expression of TRPM8, TRPA1, and TRPV1 mRNAs in rat primary afferent neurons with adelta/c-fibers and colocalization with trk receptors. J Comp Neurol493:596-606
65. Koerner IP, Brambrink AM (2006) Brain protection by anesthetic agents. Curr Opin Anaesthesio/ 19:481-6
66. Koht A, Cane R, Cerullo LJ (1983) Serum potassium levels during prolonged hypothermia. Intensive Care Med 9:275-7
67. Kreider MS, Winokur A, Pack Al, Fishman AP (1990) Reduction of thyrotropin-releasing hormone concentrations in central nervous system of African lungfish during estivation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 77:435-41
68. Krugers HJ, Maslam S, Korf J, Joels M, Holsboer F (2000) The corticosterone synthesis inhibitor metyrapone prevents hypoxia/ischemia-induced loss of synaptic function in the rat hippocampus. Stroke 31:1162-72
69. Kubota Y, Toyoda Y, Kubota H, Asada A (1993) Epinephrine in local anesthetics does indeed produce hypokalemia and ECG changes. Anesth Analg 77:867-8
70. Kupriyanov VV, Lakomkin VL, Korchazhkina OV, Steinschneider A, Kapelko VI, Saks VA (1991) Control of cardiac energy turnover by cytoplasmic phosphates: 31 P-NMR study. Am J Physiol 261:45-53
71. Kurtoglu M, Maher JC, Lampidis TJ (2007) Differential toxic mechanisms of 2-deoxy-D-glucose versus 2-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose in hypoxic and normoxic tumor cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 9:1383-90
72. Kwan KY, Allchorne AJ, Vollrath MA, Christensen AP, Zhang DS, Woolf CJ, Corey DP (2006) TRPA1 contributes to cold, mechanical, and chemical nociception but is not essential for hair-cell transduction. Neuron 50:277-89
73. Kwan KY, Corey DP (2009) Burning cold: involvement of TRPA1 in noxious cold sensation. J Gen Physiol 133:251-6
74. Landa MS, Garcia SI, Schuman ML, Burgueno A, Alvarez AL, Saravia FE, Gemma C, Pirola CJ (2007a) Knocking down the diencephalic thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor gene normalizes obesity-induced hypertension in the rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292:E1388-94
75. Landa MS, Schuman ML, Burgueno A, Alvarez AL, Garcia SI, Pirola CJ (2007b) SiRNA-mediated silencing of the diencephalic thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor gene decreases the arterial blood pressure in the obese agouti mice. Front Biosci 12:3431-5
76. Lashinger ES, Steiginga MS, Hieble JP, Leon LA, Gardner SD, Nagilla R, Davenport EA, Hoffman BE, Laping NJ, Su X (2008) AMTB, a TRPM8 channel blocker: evidence in rats for activity in overactive bladder and painful bladder syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295:F803-10
77. Leppaluoto J, Paakkonen T, Korhonen I, Hassi J (2005) Pituitary and autonomic responses to cold exposures in man. Acta Physiol Scand 184:255-64
78. Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q, Moghaddas S, Hassan MO, Tandler B, Hoppel CL (2004) Blockade of electron transport during ischemia protects cardiac mitochondria. J Biol Chem 279:47961-7
79. Lowery EG, Spanos M, Navarro M, Lyons AM, Hodge CW, Thiele TE (2010) CRF-1 antagonist and CRF-2 agonist decrease binge-like ethanol drinking in C57BL/6J mice independent of the HPA axis. Neuropsychopharmacology 35:1241-52
80. Lyman CP, O'Brien RC (1988) A pharmacological study of hibernation in rodents. Gen Pharmaco/ 19:565-71
81. Ma J (1993) Block by ruthenium red of the ryanodine-activated calcium release channel of skeletal muscle. J Gen Physiol 102:1031-56
82. Ma XJ, Lu GC, Song SW, Liu W, Wen ZP, Zheng X, Lu QZ, Su DF (2010) The features of reserpine-induced gastric mucosal lesions. Acta Pharmaco/ Sin 31:938-43
83. Magistretti P (2002) Brain Energy Metabolism. In: Fundamental Neuroscience (Squire L, Roberts J, Spitzer N, Zigmond M, McConnell M, Bloom F, eds), 2 ed.: Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 339-60
84. Magnus TH, Henderson NE (1988) Thyroid hormone resistance in hibernating ground squirrels, Spermophilus richardsoni. I. Increased binding of triiodo-L-thyronine and L-thyroxine by serum proteins. Gen Comp Endocrinol 69:352-60
85. Mathers DA, Wan X, Puil E (2007) Barbiturate activation and modulation of GABA(A) receptors in neocortex. Neuropharmacology 52:1160-8
86. Matthew CB, Bastille AM, Gonzalez RR, Sils IV (2002) Heart rate variability and electrocardiogram waveform as predictors of morbidity during hypothermia and rewarming in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol80:925-33
87. McKemy DD, Neuhausser WM, Julius D (2002) Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation. Nature 416:52-8
88. McKemy DD (2005) How cold is it? TRPM8 and TRPA1 in the molecular logic of cold sensation. Mol Pain 1:16
89. McLachlan SM, Braley-Mullen H, Chen CR, Aliesky H, Pichurin PN, Rapoport B (2005) Dissociation between iodide-induced thyroiditis and antibody-mediated hyperthyroidism in NOD.H-2h4 mice. Endocrinology 146:294-300
90. Merchant RM, Abella BS, Peberdy MA, Soar J, Ong ME, Schmidt GA, Becker LB, Vanden Hoek TL (2006) Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: unintentional overcooling is common using ice packs and conventional cooling blankets. Crit Care Med 34:S490-4
91. Mirzoyev SA, McLeod CJ, Bunch TJ, Bell MR, White RD (2010) Hypokalemia during the cooling phase of therapeutic hypothermia and its impact on arrhythmogenesis. Resuscitation
92. Mokhtarani M, Mahgoub AN, Morioka N, Doufas AG, Dae M, Shaughnessy TE, Bjorksten AR, Sessler DI (2001) Buspirone and meperidine synergistically reduce the shivering threshold. Anesth Analg 93:1233-9
93. Mori K, Maeda M, Miyazaki M, Iwase H (1998) Effects of mild (33 degrees C) and moderate (29 degrees C) hypothermia on cerebral blood flow and metabolism, lactate, and extracellular glutamate in experimental head injury. Neurol Res 20:719-26
94. Muleme HM, Walpole AC, Staples JF (2006) Mitochondrial metabolism in hibernation: metabolic suppression, temperature effects, and substrate preferences. Physiol Biochem Zool 79:474-83
95. Musacchia XJ, Deavers DR (1978) Glucocorticoids and carbohydrate metabolism in hypothermic and hibernating hamsters. Experientia Supp/ 32:247-58
96. Musacchia XJ (1988) Endocrine regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in hypometabolic animals. Can J Zool 66:167-72
97. Nahar N, Akhter N (2009) Effect of carvedilol on adrenaline-induced changes in serum electrolytes in rat. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 35:105-9
98. Nakashima K, Todd MM, Warner DS (1995) The relation between cerebral metabolic rate and ischemic depolarization. A comparison of the effects of hypothermia, pentobarbital, and isoflurane. Anesthesiology 82:1199-208
99. Nakazawa T, Yamanishi Y, Kaneko T (1991) A comparative study of monoaminergic involvement in the antinociceptive action of E-2078, morphine and U-50,488E. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 257:748-53
100. Neil MJ, Dale MC (2009) Hypokalaemia with severe rebound hyperkalaemia after therapeutic barbiturate coma. Anesth Analg 108:1867-8
101. Nillni EA, Xie W, Mulcahy L, Sanchez VC, Wetsel WC (2002) Deficiencies in pro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone processing and abnormalities in thermoregulation in Cpefat/fat mice. J Biol Chem 277:48587-95
102. Okun JG, Lummen P, Brandt U (1999) Three classes of inhibitors share a common binding domain in mitochondrial complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase). J Biol Chem 274:2625-30
103. Papadimitriou A, Priftis KN (2009) Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Neuroimmunomodulation 16:265-71
104. Peier AM, Moqrich A, Hergarden AC, Reeve AJ, Andersson DA, Story GM, Earley TJ, Dragoni I, McIntyre P, Bevan S, Patapoutian A (2002) A TRP channel that senses cold stimuli and menthol. Ce11108:705-15
105. Perello M, Stuart RC, Vaslet CA, Nillni EA (2007) Cold exposure increases the biosynthesis and proteolytic processing of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus via beta-adrenoreceptors. Endocrinology 148:4952-64
106. Peroutka SJ, McCarthy BG, Guan XM (1991) 5-benzyloxytryptamine: a relatively selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D/1B agent. Life Sci 49:409-18
107. Polderman KH, Peerdeman SM, Girbes AR (2001) Hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia induced by cooling in patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 94:697-705
108. Raez LE, Langmuir V, Tolba K, Rocha-Lima CM, Papadopoulos K, Kroll S, Brawer M, Rosenblatt J, Ricart A, Lampidis T (2007) Responses to the combination of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG) and docetaxel (DC) in patients with lung and head and neck (H/N) carcinomas. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) 25:14025
109. Reyes Toso CF, Linares LM, Rodriguez RR (1995) Blood sugar concentrations during ketamine or pentobarbitone anesthesia in rats with or without alpha and beta adrenergic blockade. Medicina (B Aires) 55:311-6
110. Robson WL, Bayliss CE, Feldman R, Goldstein MB, Chen CB, Richardson RM, Stinebaugh BJ, Tam SC, Halperin ML. (1981) Evaluation of the effect of pentobarbitone anaesthesia on the plasma potassium concentration in the rabbit and the dog. Can Anaesth Soc J 28:210-6
111. Sabban EL (2007) Catecholamines in stress: molecular mechanisms of gene expression. Endocr Regul 41:61-73
112. Sagalyn E, Band RA, Gaieski DF, Abella BS (2009) Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest in clinical practice: review and compilation of recent experiences. Crit Care Med 37:S223-6
113. Saha JK, Xia J, Grondin JM, Engle SK, Jakubowski JA (2005) Acute hyperglycemia induced by ketamine/xylazine anesthesia in rats: mechanisms and implications for preclinical models. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 230:777-84
114. Scanlan TS, Suchland KL, Hart ME, Chiellini G, Huang Y, Kruzich PJ, Frascarelli S, Crossley DA, Bunzow JR, Ronca-Testoni S, Lin ET, Hatton D, Zucchi R, Grandy DK (2004) 3-lodothyronamine is an endogenous and rapid-acting derivative of thyroid hormone. Nat Med 10:638-42
115. Scanlan TS (2009) Minireview: 3-lodothyronamine (T1 AM): a new player on the thyroid endocrine team? Endocrinology 150:1108-11
116. Schalen W, Messeter K, Nordstrom CH (1992) Complications and side effects during thiopentone therapy in patients with severe head injuries. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 36:369-77
117. Schuler F, Casida JE (2001) Functional coupling of PSST and ND1 subunits in NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase established by photoaffinity labeling. Biochim Biophys Acta 1506:79-87
118. Schwenke WD, Soboll S, Seitz HJ, Sies H (1981) Mitochondrial and cytosolic ATP/ADP ratios in rat liver in vivo. Biochem J 200:405-8
119. Sessler DI (2001) Complications and treatment of mild hypothermia. Anesthesiology 95:531-43
120. Sharp JG, Osborne JW, Cheng HF, Coop KL, Zimmerman GR (1982) Scintigraphy and distribution of labeled antibodies in rats with tumors. Eur J Nucl Med 7:28-34
121. Sprung J, Cheng EY, Gamulin S, Kampine JP, Bosnjak ZJ (1991) Effects of acute hypothermia and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on serum potassium concentration in rats. Crit Care Med 19:1545-51
122. Stanton TL, Winokur A, Beckman AL (1982) Seasonal variation in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) content of different brain regions and the pineal in the mammalian hibernator, Citellus lateralis. Regul Pept 3:135-44
123. Staples JF, Brown JC (2008) Mitochondrial metabolism in hibernation and daily torpor: a review. J Comp Physiol B 178:811-27
124. Stewart S, Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q (2009) Reversible blockade of electron transport with amobarbital at the onset of reperfusion attenuates cardiac injury. Transl Res 153:224-31
125. Story GM, Peier AM, Reeve AJ, Eid SR, Mosbacher J, Hricik TR, Earley TJ, Hergarden AC, Andersson DA, Hwang SW, McIntyre P, Jegla T, Bevan S, Patapoutian A (2003) ANKTM1, a TRP-like channel expressed in nociceptive neurons, is activated by cold temperatures. Cell 112:819-29
126. Sugimachi K, Roach KL, Rhoads DB, Tompkins RG, Toner M (2006) Nonmetabolizable glucose compounds impart cryotolerance to primary rat hepatocytes. Tissue Eng 12:579-88
127. Takaki M, Nakahara H, Kawatani Y, Utsumi K, Suga H (1997) No suppression of respiratory function of mitochondrial isolated from the hearts of anesthetized rats with high-dose pentobarbital sodium. Jpn J Physiol 47:87-92
128. Tamura Y, Shintani M, Nakamura A, Monden M, Shiomi H (2005) Phase-specific central regulatory systems of hibernation in Syrian hamsters. Brain Res 1045:88-96
129. Tomasi TE, Hellgren EC, Tucker TJ (1998) Thyroid hormone concentrations in black bears (Ursus americanus): hibernation and pregnancy effects. Gen Comp Endocrinol 109:192-9
130. Truong DH, Eghbal MA, Hindmarsh W, Roth SH, O'Brien PJ (2006) Molecular mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide toxicity. Drug Metab Rev 38:733-44
131. van Heerden PV, Chew G (1996) Severe hypokalaemia due to lignocaine toxicity. Anaesth Intensive Care 24:128-9
132. Vijayaraghavan R, Kumar D, Dube SN, Singh R, Pandey KS, Bag BC, Kaushik MP, Sekhar K, Dwarakanath BS, Ravindranath T (2006) Acute toxicity and cardio-respiratory effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose: a promising radio sensitiser. Biomed Environ Sci 19:96-103
133. Walker JM, Glotzbach SF, Berger RJ, Heller HC (1977) Sleep and hibernation in ground squirrels (Citellus spp): electrophysiological observations. Am J Physiol 233:R213-21
134. Warner DS, Takaoka S, Wu B, Ludwig PS, Pearlstein RD, Brinkhous AD, Dexter F (1996) Electroencephalographic burst suppression is not required to elicit maximal neuroprotection from pentobarbital in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Anesthesiology 84:1475-84
135. Wilz M, Heldmaier G (2000) Comparison of hibernation, estivation and daily torpor in the edible dormouse, Glis glis. J Comp Physiol B 170:511-21
136. Wollenek G, Honarwar N, Golej J, Marx M (2002) Cold water submersion and cardiac arrest in treatment of severe hypothermia with cardiopulmonary bypass. Resuscitation 52:255-63
137. Wood M, Shand DG, Wood AJ (1980) The sympathetic response to profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest in infants. Can Anaesth Soc J 27:125-31
138. You BR, Park WH (2010) The effects of antimycin A on endothelial cells in cell death, reactive oxygen species and GSH levels. Toxicol In Vitro 24:1111-8
139. Young JD, Taylor E (1998) Meditation as a Voluntary Hypometabolic State of Biological Estivation. News Physiol Sci 13:149-53
140. Zhao S, Shao C, Goropashnaya AV, Stewart NC, Xu Y, Toien O, Barnes BM, Fedorov VB, Yan J (2010) Genomic analysis of expressed sequence tags in American black bear Ursus americanus. BMC Genomics 11:201
141. Zoeller RT, Kabeer N, Albers HE (1990) Cold exposure elevates cellular levels of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding thyrotropin-releasing hormone in paraventricular nucleus despite elevated levels of thyroid hormones. Endocrinology 127:2955-62
142. Zuurbier CJ, Keijzers PJ, Koeman A, Van Wezel HB, Hollmann MW (2008) Anesthesia's effects on plasma glucose and insulin and cardiac hexokinase at similar hemodynamics and without major surgical stress in fed rats. Anesth Analg 106:135-42, table of contents