Electroencephalographic burst suppression is not required to elicit maximal neuroprotection from pentobarbital in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia

Anesthesiology

Volumn 84, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 1475-1484

  Warner, David S ^a   Takaoka, Seiji ^a   Wu, Bo ^a   Ludwig, Paula S ^a   Pearlstein, Robert D ^a   Brinkhous, Ann D ^a   Dexter, Franklin ^b  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

Anesthetics, barbiturate: pentobarbital; Animals: rat; Brain: ischemia; middle cerebral artery; Metabolism: cerebral metabolic rate

Indexed keywords

PENTOBARBITAL; PHENOBARBITAL;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; BRAIN METABOLISM; BRAIN PROTECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; HIGH ENERGY PHOSPHATE; ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING; METABOLIC RATE; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE; MALE; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; PENTOBARBITAL; RATS; RATS, WISTAR;

EID: 0029899123     PISSN: 00033022     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199606000-00024     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Michenfelder J: The interdependency of cerebral function and metabolic effects following massive doses of thiopental in the dog. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1974; 41:231-6
2. Michenfelder JD, Theye R: Cerebral protection by thiopental during hypoxia. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1973; 39:510-7
3. Michenfelder J, Milde J, Sundt T: Cerebral protection by barbiturate anesthesia: Use after middle cerebral artery occlusion in Java monkeys. Arch Neurol 1976; 33:345-50
4. Gisvold S, Safar P, Hendrickx H, Rao G, Moossy J, Alexander H: Thiopental treatment after global brain ischemia in pigtailed monkeys. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1984; 60:88-96
5. Nussmeier N, Arlund C, Slogoff S: Neuropsychiatrie complications after cardiopulmonary bypass: Cerebral protection by a barbiturate. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1986; 64:165-70
6. Brain Resuscitation Clinical I Study Group: Randomized clinical study of thiopental loading in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 1986; 314:397-441
7. Hoff J, Smith A, Hankinson H, Nielsen S: Barbiturate protection from cerebral infarction in primates. Stroke 1975; 6:28-33
8. Corkill G, Sivalingam S, Reitan J, Gilroy B, Helphrey M: Dose dependency of the post-insult protective effect of pentobarbital in the canine experimental stroke model. Stroke 1978; 9:10-2
9. Newberg L, Milde J, Michenfelder J: The cerebral metabolic effects of isoflurane at and above concentrations that suppress cortical electrical activity. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1983; 59:23-8
10. Dam M, Ori C, Pizzolato G, Ricchieri G, Pellegrini A, Giron G, Battistin L: The effects of propofol anesthesia on local cerebral glucose utilization in the rat. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1990; 73:499-505
11. Milde L, Milde J, Michenfelder J: Cerebral functional, metabolic, and hemodynamic effects of etomidate in dogs. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1985; 63:371-77
12. Scheller M, Tateishi A, Drummond J, Zornow M: Effects of sevoflurane on cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen, intracranial pressure, and the electroencephalogram are similar to those of isoflurane in the rabbit. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1988; 68:548-51
13. Ridenour T, Warner D, Todd M, Gionet T: Comparative effects of propofol and halothane on outcome from temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1992; 76:807-12
14. Warner D, McFarlane C, Todd M, Ludwig P, McAllister A: Sevoflurane and halothane reduce focal ischemic brain damage in the rat: Possible influence on thermoregulation. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1993; 79:985-92
15. Nehls D, Todd M, Spetzler R, Drummond J, Thompson R, Johnson P: A comparison of the cerebral protective effects of isoflurane and barbiturates during temporary focal ischemia in primates. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1987; 66:453-64
16. Gelb A, Boisvert D, Tang C, Lam A, Marchak B, Dowman R, Mielke B: Primate brain tolerance to temporary focal cerebral ischemia during isoflurane- or sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1989; 70:678-83
17. Warner D, Zhou J, Ramani R, Todd M: Reversible focal ischemia in the rat: Effects of halothane, isoflurane and methohexital anesthesia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1991; 11:794-802
18. Zea Longa E, Weinstein P, Carlson S, Cummins R: Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats. Stroke 1989; 20:84-91
19. Memezawa H, Minamisawa H, Smith M, Siesjö B: Ischemic penumbra in a model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Exp Brain Res 1992; 89:67-78
20. Bederson J, Pitts L, Tsuji M, Nishimura M, Davis R, Bartkowski H: Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion: Evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination. Stroke 1986; 17:472-6
21. Sokoloff L, Reivich M, Kennedy C, Des Rosiers M, Patlak C, Pettigrew K, Sakurada O, Shinohara M: The [14C]deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: Theory, procedure, and normal values in the conscious and anesthetized albino rat. J Neurochem 1977; 28:897-916
22. Warner D, Ludwig P, Pearlstein R, Brinkhous A: Halothane reduces focal ischemic injury in the rat when brain temperature is controlled. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1995; 82:1237-45
23. Spetzler R, Hadley M: Protection against cerebral ischemia: The role of barbiturates. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Review 1989; 1: 212-29
24. Minematsu K, Fisher M: MK-801 reduces extensive infarction after suture middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Cerebrovasc Dis 1993; 3:99-104
25. Scheller M, Zornow M, Fleischer J, Shearman G, Greber T: The noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, MK-801 profoundly reduces volatile anesthetic requirements in rabbits. Neuropharmacology 1989; 28:677-81
26. Simon R, Shiraishi K: N-Methyl-D-Aspartate antagonist reduces stroke size and regional glucose metabolism. Ann Neurol 1990; 27: 606-11
27. McFarlane C, Warner D, Dexter F: Interactions between NMDA and AMPA receptor antagonists during halothane anesthesia in the rat. Neuropharmacology 1995; 34:659-64
28. Gill R, Nordholm L, Lodge D: The neuroprotective actions of 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX) in a rat focal ischaemia model. Brain Res 1992; 580:35-43
29. McFarlane C, Warner D, Todd M, Nordholm L: AMPA receptor competitive antagonism reduces halothane MAC in rats. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1992; 77:1165-70
30. Warner D, Martin H, Ludwig P, McAllister A, Keana J, Weber E: In vivo models of cerebral ischemia: Effects of parenterally administered NMDA receptor glycine site antagonists. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1995; 15:188-96
31. McFarlane C, Warner D, Nader A, Dexter F: Glycine receptor antagonism: Effects of ACEA-1021 on the minimum alveolar concentration for halothane in the rat. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1995; 82:963-8
32. Kurumaji A, McCulloch J: Effects of MK-801 upon local cerebral glucose utilisation in conscious rats and in rats anaesthetised with halothane. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1989; 9:786-94
33. Browne S, McCulloch J: AMPA receptor antagonists and local cerebral glucose utilization in the rat. Brain Res 1994; 641:10-20
34. Olney J, Price M, Fuller T, Labruyere J, Samson L, Carpenter M, Mahan K: The anti-excitotoxic effects of certain anesthetics, analgesics, and sedative-hypnotics. Neurosci Lett 1986; 68:29-34
35. Kassell N, Hitchon P, Gerk M, Sokoll M, Hill T: Alterations in cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and electrical activity produced by high dose sodium thiopental. Neurosurgery 1980; 7:598-603
36. Busto R, Dietrich W, Globus M-T, Ginsberg M: The importance of brain temperature in cerebral ischemic injury. Stroke 1989; 20: 1113-4
37. Lanier W, Stangland K, Scheithauer B, Milde J, Michenfelder J: The effects of dextrose infusion and head position on neurologic outcome after complete cerebral ischemia in primates: Examination of a model. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1987; 66:39-48
38. Mellergård P: Changes in human intracerebral temperature in response to different methods of brain cooling. Neurosurgery 1992; 31:671-7
39. Ward J, Becker D, Miller J, Choi S, Marmarou A, Wood C, Newlon P, Keenan R: Failure of prophylactic barbiturate coma in the treatment of severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1985; 62:383-8
40. Zaidan J, Klochany A, Martin W, Ziegler J, Harless D, Andrews R: Effect of thiopental on neurologic outcome following coronary artery bypass grafting. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1991; 74:406-11
41. Padayachee T, Parson S, Theobold R, Linley J, Gosling R, Deverall P: The detection of microemboli in the middle cerebral artery during cardiopulmonary bypass: A transcranial Doppler ultrasound investigation using membrane and bubble oxygenators. Ann Thorac Surg 1987; 44:298-302
42. Michenfelder J: A valid determination of barbiturate-induced brain protection in man-at last. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1986; 64:140-2