Hippo signaling in mammalian stem cells

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology

Volumn 23, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 818-826

  Tremblay, Annie M ^a,b,c   Camargo, Fernando D ^a,b,c  

^a BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b Harvard University   (United States)

^c HARVARD STEM CELL INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Hippo pathway; Regeneration; Stem cells; Yap1

Indexed keywords

ALPHA CATENIN; DROSOPHILA PROTEIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; LIM PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NANOG; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR YAP1; UVOMORULIN; ZYXIN;

CANCER STEM CELL; CELL ADHESION; CELL COMPARTMENTALIZATION; CELL CONTACT; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL POLARITY; CELL PROLIFERATION; DOWN REGULATION; EMBRYONIC STEM CELL; HEART; HIPPO PATHWAY; HUMAN; INTESTINE; LIVER; LOSS OF FUNCTION MUTATION; NEOPLASM; NERVOUS SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION SIGNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN DEPLETION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SKIN; STEM CELL; STEM CELL NICHE; TIGHT JUNCTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 84866595936     PISSN: 10849521     EISSN: 10963634     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.08.001     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Sudol M. Yes-associated protein (YAP65) is a proline-rich phosphoprotein that binds to the SH3 domain of the Yes proto-oncogene product. Oncogene 1994, 9:2145-2152.
2. Sudol M., Bork P., Einbond A., Kastury K., Druck T., Negrini M., et al. Characterization of the mammalian YAP (yes-associated protein) gene and its role in defining a novel protein module, the WW domain. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1995, 270:14733-14741.
3. Kanai F., Marignani P.A., Sarbassova D., Yagi R., Hall R.A., Donowitz M., et al. TAZ: a novel transcriptional co-activator regulated by interactions with 14-3-3 and PDZ domain proteins. EMBO Journal 2000, 19:6778-6791.
4. Vassilev A., Kaneko K.J., Shu H., Zhao Y., DePamphilis M.L. TEAD/TEF transcription factors utilize the activation domain of YAP65, a Src/Yes-associated protein localized in the cytoplasm. Genes and Development 2001, 15:1229-1241.
5. Cui C.B., Cooper L.F., Yang X., Karsenty G., Aukhil I. Transcriptional coactivation of bone-specific transcription factor Cbfa1 by TAZ. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2003, 23:1004-1013.
6. Yagi R., Chen L.F., Shigesada K., Murakami Y., Ito Y.A. WW domain-containing yes-associated protein (YAP) is a novel transcriptional co-activator. EMBO Journal 1999, 18:2551-2562.
7. Hong J.H., Hwang E.S., McManus M.T., Amsterdam A., Tian Y., Kalmukova R., et al. TAZ, a transcriptional modulator of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Science 2005, 309:1074-1078.
8. Hong J.H., Yaffe M.B. TAZ: a beta-catenin-like molecule that regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Cell Cycle 2006, 5:176-179.
9. Komuro A., Nagai M., Navin N.E., Sudol M. WW domain-containing protein YAP associates with ErbB-4 and acts as a co-transcriptional activator for the carboxyl-terminal fragment of ErbB-4 that translocates to the nucleus. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003, 278:33334-33341.
10. Murakami M., Nakagawa M., Olson E.N., Nakagawa O. A WW domain protein TAZ is a critical coactivator for TBX5, a transcription factor implicated in Holt-Oram syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005, 102:18034-18039.
11. Murakami M., Tominaga J., Makita R., Uchijima Y., Kurihara Y., Nakagawa O., et al. Transcriptional activity of Pax3 is co-activated by TAZ. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2006, 339:533-539.
12. Park K.S., Whitsett J.A., Di Palma T., Hong J.H., Yaffe M.B., Zannini M. TAZ interacts with TTF-1 and regulates expression of surfactant protein-C. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004, 279:17384-17390.
13. Strano S., Munarriz E., Rossi M., Castagnoli L., Shaul Y., Sacchi A., et al. Physical interaction with Yes-associated protein enhances p73 transcriptional activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001, 276:15164-15173.
14. Varelas X., Sakuma R., Samavarchi-Tehrani P., Peerani R., Rao B.M., Dembowy J., et al. TAZ controls Smad nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and regulates human embryonic stem-cell self-renewal. Nature Cell Biology 2008, 10:837-848.
15. Li Z., Zhao B., Wang P., Chen F., Dong Z., Yang H., et al. Structural insights into the YAP and TEAD complex. Genes and Development 2010, 24:235-240.
16. Mahoney W.M., Hong J.H., Yaffe M.B., Farrance I.K. The transcriptional co-activator TAZ interacts differentially with transcriptional enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1) family members. Biochemical Journal 2005, 388:217-225.
17. Ota M., Sasaki H. Mammalian Tead proteins regulate cell proliferation and contact inhibition as transcriptional mediators of Hippo signaling. Development 2008, 135:4059-4069.
18. Zhao B., Ye X., Yu J., Li L., Li W., Li S., et al. TEAD mediates YAP-dependent gene induction and growth control. Genes and Development 2008, 22:1962-1971.
19. Huang J., Wu S., Barrera J., Matthews K., Pan D. The Hippo signaling pathway coordinately regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by inactivating Yorkie, the Drosophila Homolog of YAP. Cell 2005, 122:421-434.
20. Harvey K., Tapon N. The Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway-an emerging tumour-suppressor network. Nature Reviews Cancer 2007, 7:182-191.
21. Zhang J., Smolen G.A., Haber D.A. Negative regulation of YAP by LATS1 underscores evolutionary conservation of the Drosophila Hippo pathway. Cancer Research 2008, 68:2789-2794.
22. Zhao B., Wei X., Li W., Udan R.S., Yang Q., Kim J., et al. Inactivation of YAP oncoprotein by the Hippo pathway is involved in cell contact inhibition and tissue growth control. Genes and Development 2007, 21:2747-2761.
23. Zhao B., Li L., Tumaneng K., Wang C.Y., Guan K.L. A coordinated phosphorylation by Lats and CK1 regulates YAP stability through SCF(beta-TRCP). Genes and Development 2010, 24:72-85.
24. Camargo F.D., Gokhale S., Johnnidis J.B., Fu D., Bell G.W., Jaenisch R., et al. YAP1 increases organ size and expands undifferentiated progenitor cells. Current Biology 2007, 17:2054-2060.
25. Dong J., Feldmann G., Huang J., Wu S., Zhang N., Comerford S.A., et al. Elucidation of a universal size-control mechanism in Drosophila and mammals. Cell 2007, 130:1120-1133.
26. Oka T., Mazack V., Sudol M. Mst2 and Lats kinases regulate apoptotic function of Yes kinase-associated protein (YAP). Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008, 283:27534-27546.
27. Luo X., Li Z., Yan Q., Li X., Tao D., Wang J., et al. The human WW45 protein enhances MST1-mediated apoptosis in vivo. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 2009, 23:357-362.
28. Chan E.H., Nousiainen M., Chalamalasetty R.B., Schafer A., Nigg E.A., Sillje H.H. The Ste20-like kinase Mst2 activates the human large tumor suppressor kinase Lats1. Oncogene 2005, 24:2076-2086.
29. Praskova M., Xia F., Avruch J. MOBKL1A/MOBKL1B phosphorylation by MST1 and MST2 inhibits cell proliferation. Current Biology 2008, 18:311-321.
30. Hergovich A., Schmitz D., Hemmings B.A. The human tumour suppressor LATS1 is activated by human MOB1 at the membrane. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2006, 345:50-58.
31. Mao Y., Rauskolb C., Cho E., Hu W.L., Hayter H., Minihan G., et al. Dachs: an unconventional myosin that functions downstream of Fat to regulate growth, affinity and gene expression in Drosophila. Development 2006, 133:2539-2551.
32. Cho E., Irvine K.D. Action of fat, four-jointed, dachsous and dachs in distal-to-proximal wing signaling. Development 2004, 131:4489-4500.
33. Bennett F.C., Harvey K.F. Fat cadherin modulates organ size in Drosophila via the Salvador/Warts/Hippo signaling pathway. Current Biology 2006, 16:2101-2110.
34. Cho E., Feng Y., Rauskolb C., Maitra S., Fehon R., Irvine K.D. Delineation of a Fat tumor suppressor pathway. Nature Genetics 2006, 38:1142-1150.
35. Matakatsu H., Blair S.S. Separating the adhesive and signaling functions of the Fat and Dachsous protocadherins. Development 2006, 133:2315-2324.
36. Silva E., Tsatskis Y., Gardano L., Tapon N., McNeill H. The tumor-suppressor gene fat controls tissue growth upstream of expanded in the hippo signaling pathway. Current Biology 2006, 16:2081-2089.
37. Willecke M., Hamaratoglu F., Kango-Singh M., Udan R., Chen C.L., Tao C., et al. The fat cadherin acts through the hippo tumor-suppressor pathway to regulate tissue size. Current Biology 2006, 16:2090-2100.
38. Qi C., Zhu Y.T., Hu L., Zhu Y.J. Identification of Fat4 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in breast cancers. International Journal of Cancer 2009, 124:793-798.
39. Saburi S., Hester I., Fischer E., Pontoglio M., Eremina V., Gessler M., et al. Loss of Fat4 disrupts PCP signaling and oriented cell division and leads to cystic kidney disease. Nature Genetics 2008, 40:1010-1015.
40. Mao Y., Mulvaney J., Zakaria S., Yu T., Morgan K.M., Allen S., et al. Characterization of a Dchs1 mutant mouse reveals requirements for Dchs1-Fat4 signaling during mammalian development. Development 2011, 138:947-957.
41. Varelas X., Samavarchi-Tehrani P., Narimatsu M., Weiss A., Cockburn K., Larsen B.G., et al. The Crumbs complex couples cell density sensing to Hippo-dependent control of the TGF-beta-SMAD pathway. Developmental Cell 2010, 19:831-844.
42. Chan S.W., Lim C.J., Chong Y.F., Pobbati A.V., Huang C., Hong W. Hippo pathway-independent restriction of TAZ and YAP by angiomotin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286:7018-7026.
43. Wang W., Huang J., Chen J. Angiomotin-like proteins associate with and negatively regulate YAP1. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286:4364-4370.
44. Zhao B., Li L., Lu Q., Wang L.H., Liu C.Y., Lei Q., et al. Angiomotin is a novel Hippo pathway component that inhibits YAP oncoprotein. Genes and Development 2011, 25:51-63.
45. Kanungo J., Pratt S.J., Marie H., Longmore G.D. Ajuba, a cytosolic LIM protein, shuttles into the nucleus and affects embryonal cell proliferation and fate decisions. Molecular Biology of the Cell 2000, 11:3299-3313.
46. Das Thakur M., Feng Y., Jagannathan R., Seppa M.J., Skeath J.B., Longmore G.D., Ajuba L.I.M. proteins are negative regulators of the Hippo signaling pathway. Current Biology 2010, 20:657-662.
47. Rauskolb C., Pan G., Reddy B.V., Oh H., Irvine K.D. Zyxin links fat signaling to the hippo pathway. PLoS Biology 2011, 9:e1000624.
48. Xu Y., Stamenkovic I., Yu Q. CD44 attenuates activation of the Hippo signaling pathway and is a prime therapeutic target for glioblastoma. Cancer Research 2010, 70:2455-2464.
49. Baumgartner R., Poernbacher I., Buser N., Hafen E., Stocker H. The WW domain protein Kibra acts upstream of Hippo in Drosophila. Developmental Cell 2010, 18:309-316.
50. Genevet A., Wehr M.C., Brain R., Thompson B.J., Tapon N. Kibra is a regulator of the Salvador/Warts/Hippo signaling network. Developmental Cell 2010, 18:300-308.
51. Yu J., Zheng Y., Dong J., Klusza S., Deng W.M., Pan D. Kibra functions as a tumor suppressor protein that regulates Hippo signaling in conjunction with Merlin and Expanded. Developmental Cell 2010, 18:288-299.
52. Xiao L., Chen Y., Ji M., Dong J. KIBRA regulates Hippo signaling activity via interactions with large tumor suppressor kinases. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286:7788-7796.
53. Guo C., Zhang X., Pfeifer G.P. The tumor suppressor RASSF1A prevents dephosphorylation of the mammalian STE20-like kinases MST1 and MST2. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286:6253-6261.
54. Schlegelmilch K., Mohseni M., Kirak O., Pruszak J., Rodriguez J.R., Zhou D., et al. Yap1 acts downstream of alpha-catenin to control epidermal proliferation. Cell 2011, 144:782-795.
55. Sainio M., Zhao F., Heiska L., Turunen O., den Bakker M., Zwarthoff E., et al. Neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor protein colocalizes with ezrin and CD44 and associates with actin-containing cytoskeleton. Journal of Cell Science 1997, 110(Pt 18):2249-2260.
56. Morrison H., Sherman L.S., Legg J., Banine F., Isacke C., Haipek C.A., et al. The NF2 tumor suppressor gene product, merlin, mediates contact inhibition of growth through interactions with CD44. Genes and Development 2001, 15:968-980.
57. Oh H.J., Lee K.K., Song S.J., Jin M.S., Song M.S., Lee J.H., et al. Role of the tumor suppressor RASSF1A in Mst1-mediated apoptosis. Cancer Research 2006, 66:2562-2569.
58. Ikeda M., Kawata A., Nishikawa M., Tateishi Y., Yamaguchi M., Nakagawa K., et al. Hippo pathway-dependent and -independent roles of RASSF6. Science Signalling 2009, 2:ra59.
59. Gilbert M.M., Tipping M., Veraksa A., Moberg K.H. A screen for conditional growth suppressor genes identifies the Drosophila homolog of HD-PTP as a regulator of the oncoprotein Yorkie. Developmental Cell 2011, 20:700-712.
60. Miura G.I., Roignant J.Y., Wassef M., Treisman J.E. Myopic acts in the endocytic pathway to enhance signaling by the Drosophila EGF receptor. Development 2008, 135:1913-1922.
61. Gingras M.C., Zhang Y.L., Kharitidi D., Barr A.J., Knapp S., Tremblay M.L., et al. HD-PTP is a catalytically inactive tyrosine phosphatase due to a conserved divergence in its phosphatase domain. PLoS One 2009, 4:e5105.
62. Poon C.L., Lin J.I., Zhang X., Harvey K.F. The sterile 20-like kinase Tao-1 controls tissue growth by regulating the Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway. Developmental Cell 2011, 21:896-906.
63. Boggiano J.C., Vanderzalm P.J., Fehon R.G. Tao-1 phosphorylates Hippo/MST kinases to regulate the Hippo-Salvador-Warts tumor suppressor pathway. Developmental Cell 2011, 21:888-895.
64. Yue T., Tian A., Jiang J. The cell adhesion molecule echinoid functions as a tumor suppressor and upstream regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway. Developmental Cell 2012, 22:255-267.
65. Kaneko K.J., DePamphilis M.L. Regulation of gene expression at the beginning of mammalian development and the TEAD family of transcription factors. Developmental Genetics 1998, 22:43-55.
66. Jacquemin P., Sapin V., Alsat E., Evain-Brion D., Dolle P., Davidson I. Differential expression of the TEF family of transcription factors in the murine placenta and during differentiation of primary human trophoblasts in vitro. Developmental Dynamics 1998, 212:423-436.
67. Salah Z., Aqeilan R.I. WW domain interactions regulate the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Cell Death & Disease 2011, 2:e172.
68. Sudol M., Harvey K.F. Modularity in the Hippo signaling pathway. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 2010, 35:627-633.
69. Varelas X., Miller B.W., Sopko R., Song S., Gregorieff A., Fellouse F.A., et al. The Hippo pathway regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Developmental Cell 2010, 18:579-591.
70. Imajo M., Miyatake K., Iimura A., Miyamoto A., Nishida E. A molecular mechanism that links Hippo signalling to the inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling. EMBO Journal 2012, 31:1109-1122.
71. Konsavage W.M., Kyler S.L., Rennoll S.A., Jin G., Yochum G.S. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates Yes-associated protein (YAP) gene expression in colorectal carcinoma cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2012, 287:11730-11739.
72. Xin M., Kim Y., Sutherland L.B., Qi X., McAnally J., Schwartz R.J., et al. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling by Yap governs cardiomyocyte proliferation and embryonic heart size. Science Signalling 2011, 4:ra70.
73. Heallen T., Zhang M., Wang J., Bonilla-Claudio M., Klysik E., Johnson R.L., et al. Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size. Science 2011, 332:458-461.
74. Alarcon C., Zaromytidou A.I., Xi Q., Gao S., Yu J., Fujisawa S., et al. Nuclear CDKs drive Smad transcriptional activation and turnover in BMP and TGF-beta pathways. Cell 2009, 139:757-769.
75. Lee J.H., Kim T.S., Yang T.H., Koo B.K., Oh S.P., Lee K.P., et al. A crucial role of WW45 in developing epithelial tissues in the mouse. EMBO Journal 2008, 27:1231-1242.
76. McClatchey A.I., Saotome I., Ramesh V., Gusella J.F., Jacks T. The Nf2 tumor suppressor gene product is essential for extraembryonic development immediately prior to gastrulation. Genes and Development 1997, 11:1253-1265.
77. McPherson J.P., Tamblyn L., Elia A., Migon E., Shehabeldin A., Matysiak-Zablocki E., et al. Lats2/Kpm is required for embryonic development, proliferation control and genomic integrity. EMBO Journal 2004, 23:3677-3688.
78. Oh S., Lee D., Kim T., Kim T.S., Oh H.J., Hwang C.Y., et al. Crucial role for Mst1 and Mst2 kinases in early embryonic development of the mouse. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2009, 29:6309-6320.
79. St John M.A., Tao W., Fei X., Fukumoto R., Carcangiu M.L., Brownstein D.G., et al. Mice deficient of Lats1 develop soft-tissue sarcomas, ovarian tumours and pituitary dysfunction. Nature Genetics 1999, 21:182-186.
80. Morin-Kensicki E.M., Boone B.N., Howell M., Stonebraker J.R., Teed J., Alb J.G., et al. Defects in yolk sac vasculogenesis, chorioallantoic fusion, and embryonic axis elongation in mice with targeted disruption of Yap65. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2006, 26:77-87.
81. Makita R., Uchijima Y., Nishiyama K., Amano T., Chen Q., Takeuchi T., et al. Multiple renal cysts, urinary concentration defects, and pulmonary emphysematous changes in mice lacking TAZ. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology 2008, 294:F542-F553.
82. Hossain Z., Ali S.M., Ko H.L., Xu J., Ng C.P., Guo K., et al. Glomerulocystic kidney disease in mice with a targeted inactivation of Wwtr1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104:1631-1636.
83. Nishioka N., Inoue K., Adachi K., Kiyonari H., Ota M., Ralston A., et al. The Hippo signaling pathway components Lats and Yap pattern Tead4 activity to distinguish mouse trophectoderm from inner cell mass. Developmental Cell 2009, 16:398-410.
84. Ramalho-Santos M., Yoon S., Matsuzaki Y., Mulligan R.C., Melton D.A. Stemness: transcriptional profiling of embryonic and adult stem cells. Science 2002, 298:597-600.
85. Lian I., Kim J., Okazawa H., Zhao J., Zhao B., Yu J., et al. The role of YAP transcription coactivator in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Genes and Development 2010, 24:1106-1118.
86. Tamm C., Bower N., Anneren C. Regulation of mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal by a Yes-YAP-TEAD2 signaling pathway downstream of LIF. Journal of Cell Science 2011, 124:1136-1144.
87. Song H., Mak K.K., Topol L., Yun K., Hu J., Garrett L., et al. Mammalian Mst1 and Mst2 kinases play essential roles in organ size control and tumor suppression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010, 107:1431-1436.
88. Lu L., Li Y., Kim S.M., Bossuyt W., Liu P., Qiu Q., et al. Hippo signaling is a potent in vivo growth and tumor suppressor pathway in the mammalian liver. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010, 107:1437-1442.
89. Zhou D., Conrad C., Xia F., Park J.S., Payer B., Yin Y., et al. Mst1 and Mst2 maintain hepatocyte quiescence and suppress hepatocellular carcinoma development through inactivation of the Yap1 oncogene. Cancer Cell 2009, 16:425-438.
90. Lee K.P., Lee J.H., Kim T.S., Kim T.H., Park H.D., Byun J.S., et al. The Hippo-Salvador pathway restrains hepatic oval cell proliferation, liver size, and liver tumorigenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010, 107:8248-8253.
91. Benhamouche S., Curto M., Saotome I., Gladden A.B., Liu C.H., Giovannini M., et al. Nf2/Merlin controls progenitor homeostasis and tumorigenesis in the liver. Genes and Development 2010, 24:1718-1730.
92. Zhang N., Bai H., David K.K., Dong J., Zheng Y., Cai J., et al. The Merlin/NF2 tumor suppressor functions through the YAP oncoprotein to regulate tissue homeostasis in mammals. Developmental Cell 2010, 19:27-38.
93. Maudsley S., Zamah A.M., Rahman N., Blitzer J.T., Luttrell L.M., Lefkowitz R.J., et al. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor association with Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor potentiates receptor activity. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2000, 20:8352-8363.
94. Voltz J.W., Weinman E.J., Shenolikar S. Expanding the role of NHERF, a PDZ-domain containing protein adapter, to growth regulation. Oncogene 2001, 20:6309-6314.
95. Dong A., Gupta A., Pai R.K., Tun M., Lowe A.W. The human adenocarcinoma-associated gene AGR2, induces expression of amphiregulin through Hippo pathway co-activator YAP1 activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286:18301-18310.
96. Zhang J., Ji J.Y., Yu M., Overholtzer M., Smolen G.A., Wang R., et al. YAP-dependent induction of amphiregulin identifies a non-cell-autonomous component of the Hippo pathway. Nature Cell Biology 2009, 11:1444-1450.
97. Bai J., Chiu W., Wang J., Tzeng T., Perrimon N., Hsu J. The cell adhesion molecule Echinoid defines a new pathway that antagonizes the Drosophila EGF receptor signaling pathway. Development 2001, 128:591-601.
98. Cai J., Zhang N., Zheng Y., de Wilde R.F., Maitra A., Pan D. The Hippo signaling pathway restricts the oncogenic potential of an intestinal regeneration program. Genes and Development 2010, 24:2383-2388.
99. Zhou D., Zhang Y., Wu H., Barry E., Yin Y., Lawrence E., et al. Mst1 and Mst2 protein kinases restrain intestinal stem cell proliferation and colonic tumorigenesis by inhibition of Yes-associated protein (Yap) overabundance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011, 108:E1312-E1320.
100. Zhang H., Pasolli H.A., Fuchs E. Yes-associated protein (YAP) transcriptional coactivator functions in balancing growth and differentiation in skin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011, 108:2270-2275.
101. Flores E.R., Halder G. Stem cell proliferation in the skin: alpha-catenin takes over the hippo pathway. Science Signalling 2011, 4:pe34.
102. Silvis M.R., Kreger B.T., Lien W.H., Klezovitch O., Rudakova G.M., Camargo F.D., et al. Alpha-catenin is a tumor suppressor that controls cell accumulation by regulating the localization and activity of the transcriptional coactivator Yap1. Science Signalling 2011, 4:ra33.
103. Cao X., Pfaff S.L., Gage F.H. YAP regulates neural progenitor cell number via the TEA domain transcription factor. Genes and Development 2008, 22:3320-3334.
104. Gee S.T., Milgram S.L., Kramer K.L., Conlon F.L., Moody S.A. Yes-associated protein 65 (YAP) expands neural progenitors and regulates Pax3 expression in the neural plate border zone. PLoS One 2011, 6:e20309.
105. Fernandez L.A., Northcott P.A., Dalton J., Fraga C., Ellison D., Angers S., et al. YAP1 is amplified and up-regulated in hedgehog-associated medulloblastomas and mediates Sonic hedgehog-driven neural precursor proliferation. Genes and Development 2009, 23:2729-2741.
106. von Gise A., Lin Z., Schlegelmilch K., Honor L.B., Pan G.M., Buck J.N., et al. YAP1, the nuclear target of Hippo signaling, stimulates heart growth through cardiomyocyte proliferation but not hypertrophy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012, 109:2394-2399.
107. Shiojima I., Walsh K. Regulation of cardiac growth and coronary angiogenesis by the Akt/PKB signaling pathway. Genes and Development 2006, 20:3347-3365.
108. Tseng A.S., Engel F.B., Keating M.T. The GSK-3 inhibitor BIO promotes proliferation in mammalian cardiomyocytes. Chemistry and Biology 2006, 13:957-963.
109. Matsui Y., Nakano N., Shao D., Gao S., Luo W., Hong C., et al. Lats2 is a negative regulator of myocyte size in the heart. Circulation Research 2008, 103:1309-1318.
110. Cordenonsi M., Zanconato F., Azzolin L., Forcato M., Rosato A., Frasson C., et al. The Hippo transducer TAZ confers cancer stem cell-related traits on breast cancer cells. Cell 2011, 147:759-772.