메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 1-2, 2011, Pages 19-24

Role of adenosine in diabetic retinopathy

Author keywords

Adenosine; Adenosine receptors; Cannabinoids; Diabetic retinopathy; Microglia

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ADENOSINE; ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTOR; ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTOR AGONIST; ADENOSINE RECEPTOR; ADENOSINE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CANNABIDIOL; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID 2 RECEPTOR; CYCLIC AMP; DIPYRIDAMOLE; DRONABINOL; EQUILIBRATIVE NUCLEOSIDE TRANSPORTER; EQUILIBRATIVE NUCLEOSIDE TRANSPORTER 1; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

EID: 84863984005     PISSN: 19368437     EISSN: 19368445     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12177-011-9067-5     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (17)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0021136256 scopus 로고
    • The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years
    • Klein R, et al. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102 (4):520-6. (Pubitemid 14127838)
    • (1984) Archives of Ophthalmology , vol.102 , Issue.4 , pp. 520-526
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Moss, S.E.3
  • 3
    • 0033921527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal and microglial response in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    • Zeng XX, Ng YK, Ling EA. Neuronal and microglial response in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Vis Neurosci. 2000;17(3):463-71.
    • (2000) Vis Neurosci , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 463-471
    • Zeng, X.X.1    Ng, Y.K.2    Ling, E.A.3
  • 4
    • 79956155949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The primary care physician's role in preventing vision loss and blindness in patients with diabetes
    • Ammary-Risch NJ, Huang SS. The primary care physician's role in preventing vision loss and blindness in patients with diabetes. J Natl Med Assoc. 2011;103(3):281-3.
    • (2011) J Natl Med Assoc , vol.103 , Issue.3 , pp. 281-283
    • Ammary-Risch, N.J.1    Huang, S.S.2
  • 5
    • 33750809382 scopus 로고
    • Retinal vascular patterns. IV. Diabetic retinopathy
    • Cogan DG, Toussaint D, Kuwabara T. Retinal vascular patterns. IV. Diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1961;66:366-78.
    • (1961) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.66 , pp. 366-378
    • Cogan, D.G.1    Toussaint, D.2    Kuwabara, T.3
  • 6
    • 0030010417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal blood flow changes in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and no diabetic retinopathy
    • Bursell SE, et al. Retinal blood flow changes in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and no diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996;37(5):886-97.
    • (1996) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 886-897
    • Bursell, S.E.1
  • 8
    • 0017409201 scopus 로고
    • Diabetic retinopathy
    • Palmberg PF. Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes. 1977;26(7):703-9. (Pubitemid 8149659)
    • (1977) Diabetes , vol.26 , Issue.7 , pp. 703-709
    • Palmberg, P.F.1
  • 11
    • 0038243821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental diabetes causes breakdown of the blood-retina barrier by a mechanism involving tyrosine nitration and increases in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
    • El-Remessy AB, et al. Experimental diabetes causes breakdown of the blood-retina barrier by a mechanism involving tyrosine nitration and increases in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor. Am J Pathol. 2003;162(6):1995-2004. (Pubitemid 36613056)
    • (2003) American Journal of Pathology , vol.162 , Issue.6 , pp. 1995-2004
    • El-Remessy, A.B.1    Ali Behzadian, M.2    Abou-Mohamed, G.3    Franklin, T.4    Caldwell, R.W.5    Caldwell, R.B.6
  • 13
    • 41149099068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of inflammatory processes to the development of the early stages of diabetic retinopathy
    • Kern TS. Contributions of inflammatory processes to the development of the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Exp Diabetes Res. 2007;2007:95103.
    • (2007) Exp Diabetes Res , vol.2007 , pp. 95103
    • Kern, T.S.1
  • 14
    • 42449100783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxynitrite mediates retinal neurodegeneration by inhibiting nerve growth factor survival signaling in experimental and human diabetes
    • Ali TK, et al. Peroxynitrite mediates retinal neurodegeneration by inhibiting nerve growth factor survival signaling in experimental and human diabetes. Diabetes. 2008;57(4):889-98.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 889-898
    • Ali, T.K.1
  • 15
    • 34249744612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia activation in retinal degeneration
    • DOI 10.1189/jlb.0207114
    • Langmann T. Microglia activation in retinal degeneration. J Leukoc Biol. 2007;81(6):1345-51. (Pubitemid 46827958)
    • (2007) Journal of Leukocyte Biology , vol.81 , Issue.6 , pp. 1345-1351
    • Langmann, T.1
  • 16
    • 0033843835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes reduces glutamate oxidation and glutamine synthesis in the retina. The Penn state retina research group
    • Lieth E, et al. Diabetes reduces glutamate oxidation and glutamine synthesis in the retina. The Penn State Retina Research Group. Exp Eye Res. 2000;70(6):723-30.
    • (2000) Exp Eye Res , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 723-730
    • Lieth, E.1
  • 17
    • 77955611143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol protects retinal neurons by preserving glutamine synthetase activity in diabetes
    • El-Remessy AB, et al. Cannabidiol protects retinal neurons by preserving glutamine synthetase activity in diabetes. Mol Vis. 2010;16:1487-95.
    • (2010) Mol Vis , vol.16 , pp. 1487-1495
    • El-Remessy, A.B.1
  • 19
    • 0031919598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial reactivity and impaired glutamate metabolism in short-term experimental diabetic retinopathy
    • DOI 10.2337/diabetes.47.5.815
    • Lieth E, et al. Glial reactivity and impaired glutamate metabolism in short-term experimental diabetic retinopathy. Penn State Retina Research Group. Diabetes. 1998;47(5):815-20. (Pubitemid 28201813)
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , Issue.5 , pp. 815-820
    • Lieth, E.1    Barber, A.J.2    Xu, B.3    Dice, C.4    Ratz, M.J.5    Tanase, D.6    Strother, J.M.7
  • 20
  • 21
    • 0027686249 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders
    • Coyle JT, Puttfarcken P. Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders. Science. 1993;262(5134):689-95. (Pubitemid 23350687)
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , Issue.5134 , pp. 689-695
    • Coyle, J.T.1    Puttfarcken, P.2
  • 22
    • 0030222037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: A sensor for pathological events in the CNS
    • DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(96)10049-7
    • Kreutzberg GW. Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS. Trends Neurosci. 1996;19(8):312-8. (Pubitemid 26349059)
    • (1996) Trends in Neurosciences , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 312-318
    • Kreutzberg, G.W.1
  • 23
    • 54949157448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: Pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment perspectives
    • Madsen-Bouterse SA, Kowluru RA. Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment perspectives. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2008;9(4):315-27.
    • (2008) Rev Endocr Metab Disord , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 315-327
    • Madsen-Bouterse, S.A.1    Kowluru, R.A.2
  • 24
    • 0035152836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune function of microglia
    • DOI 10.1002/glia.1106
    • Aloisi F. Immune function of microglia. Glia. 2001;36(2):165-79. (Pubitemid 33055905)
    • (2001) GLIA , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-179
    • Aloisi, F.1
  • 26
    • 39049127031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial activation in human diabetic retinopathy
    • DOI 10.1001/archophthalmol.2007.65
    • Zeng HY, Green WR, Tso MO. Microglial activation in human diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126(2):227-32. (Pubitemid 351240852)
    • (2008) Archives of Ophthalmology , vol.126 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-232
    • Zeng, H.-Y.1    Green, W.R.2    Tso, M.O.M.3
  • 27
    • 65549086169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baicalein reduces inflammatory process in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy
    • Yang LP, et al. Baicalein reduces inflammatory process in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50 (5):2319-27.
    • (2009) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 2319-2327
    • Yang, L.P.1
  • 28
    • 60749136088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and its receptor in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    • Liu W, et al. Expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and its receptor in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Curr Eye Res. 2009;34(2):123-33.
    • (2009) Curr Eye Res , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-133
    • Liu, W.1
  • 29
    • 78149472989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genistein attenuates retinal inflammation associated with diabetes by targeting of microglial activation
    • Ibrahim AS, et al. Genistein attenuates retinal inflammation associated with diabetes by targeting of microglial activation. Mol Vis. 2010;16:2033-42.
    • (2010) Mol Vis , vol.16 , pp. 2033-2042
    • Ibrahim, A.S.1
  • 30
    • 68149131912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-alpha mediated apoptosis plays an important role in the development of early diabetic retinopathy and longterm histopathological alterations
    • Joussen AM, et al. TNF-alpha mediated apoptosis plays an important role in the development of early diabetic retinopathy and longterm histopathological alterations. Mol Vis. 2009;15:1418-28.
    • (2009) Mol Vis , vol.15 , pp. 1418-1428
    • Joussen, A.M.1
  • 31
    • 0036517850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prevent early diabetic retinopathy via TNF-alpha suppression
    • Joussen AM, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prevent early diabetic retinopathy via TNF-alpha suppression. FASEB J. 2002;16(3):438-40.
    • (2002) FASEB J , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 438-440
    • Joussen, A.M.1
  • 32
    • 17844392902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline reduces proinflammatory cytokine expression,microglial activation, and caspase-3 activation in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy
    • doi:10.2337/db54.5.1559
    • Krady JK, et al. Minocycline reduces proinflammatory cytokine expression,microglial activation, and caspase-3 activation in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes. 2005. doi:10.2337/db54.5.1559.
    • (2005) Diabetes
    • Krady, J.K.1
  • 33
    • 79953188707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal microglial activation and inflammation induced by amadori-glycated albumin in a rat model of diabetes
    • Ibrahim AS, et al. Retinal microglial activation and inflammation induced by amadori-glycated albumin in a rat model of diabetes. Diabetes. 2011;60(4):1122-33.
    • (2011) Diabetes , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 1122-1133
    • Ibrahim, A.S.1
  • 34
    • 0033030238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein is increased in Type I diabetic patients without clinical macroangiopathy and correlates with markers of endothelial dysfunction: Evidence for chronic inflammation
    • DOI 10.1007/s001250051162
    • Schalkwijk CG, et al. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein is increased in type I diabetic patients without clinical macroangiopathy and correlates with markers of endothelial dysfunction: evidence for chronic inflammation. Diabetologia. 1999;42(3):351-7. (Pubitemid 29111443)
    • (1999) Diabetologia , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 351-357
    • Schalkwijk, C.G.1    Poland, D.C.W.2    Van Dijk, W.3    Kok, A.4    Emeis, J.J.5    Drager, A.M.6    Doni, A.7    Van Hinsbergh, V.W.M.8    Stehouwer, C.D.A.9
  • 35
    • 0033736057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retina accumulates more glucose than does the embryologically similar cerebral cortex in diabetic rats
    • Tang J, et al. Retina accumulates more glucose than does the embryologically similar cerebral cortex in diabetic rats. Diabetologia. 2000;43(11):1417-23.
    • (2000) Diabetologia , vol.43 , Issue.11 , pp. 1417-1423
    • Tang, J.1
  • 36
    • 34247198895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AGEs mediated expression and secretion of TNF alpha in rat retinal microglia
    • DOI 10.1016/j.exer.2007.01.011, PII S0014483507000346
    • Wang AL, et al. AGEs mediated expression and secretion of TNF alpha in rat retinal microglia. Exp Eye Res. 2007;84(5):905-13. (Pubitemid 46613882)
    • (2007) Experimental Eye Research , vol.84 , Issue.5 , pp. 905-913
    • Wang, A.L.1    Yu, A.C.H.2    He, Q.H.3    Zhu, X.4    Tso, M.O.M.5
  • 37
    • 35148887143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on AGEs mediated expression and secretion of TNF alpha in rat retinal microglia by Dr Wang et al
    • DOI 10.1016/j.exer.2007.07.007, PII S0014483507001960
    • Schalkwijk CG. Comment on "AGEs mediated expression and secretion of TNF alpha in rat retinal microglia" by Dr Wang et al. Exp Eye Res. 2007;85:572-3. doi:4. author reply 574. (Pubitemid 47534205)
    • (2007) Experimental Eye Research , vol.85 , Issue.4 , pp. 572-573
    • Schalkwijk, C.G.1
  • 38
    • 35848968007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5 PKC, and NF-κB pathways
    • DOI 10.1002/jnr.21421
    • Quan Y, Du J, Wang X. High glucose stimulates GRO secretion from rat microglia via ROS, PKC, and NF-kappaB pathways. J Neurosci Res. 2007;85(14):3150-9. (Pubitemid 350057371)
    • (2007) Journal of Neuroscience Research , vol.85 , Issue.14 , pp. 3150-3159
    • Quan, Y.1    Du, J.2    Wang, X.3
  • 41
    • 0032950479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal- regulated protein kinase kinase in adenosine A(2B) receptor-mediated interleukin-8 production in human mast cells
    • Feoktistov I, Goldstein AE, Biaggioni I. Role of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase in adenosine A2B receptor-mediated interleukin-8 production in human mast cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1999;55(4):726-34. (Pubitemid 29165438)
    • (1999) Molecular Pharmacology , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 726-734
    • Feoktistov, I.1    Goldstein, A.E.2    Biaggioni, I.3
  • 42
    • 0030478842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord adenosine receptor stimulation in rats inhibits peripheral neutrophil accumulation. The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors
    • Bong GW, Rosengren S, Firestein GS. Spinal cord adenosine receptor stimulation in rats inhibits peripheral neutrophil accumulation. The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. J Clin Invest. 1996;98(12):2779-85.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , Issue.12 , pp. 2779-2785
    • Bong, G.W.1    Rosengren, S.2    Firestein, G.S.3
  • 43
    • 0031754497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptors for purines and pyrimidines
    • Ralevic V, Burnstock G. Receptors for purines and pyrimidines. Pharmacol Rev. 1998;50(3):413-92. (Pubitemid 28477681)
    • (1998) Pharmacological Reviews , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 413-492
    • Ralevic, V.1    Burnstock, G.2
  • 44
    • 0035924320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors in downregulation of inflammation and protection from tissue damage
    • DOI 10.1038/414916a
    • Ohta A, Sitkovsky M. Role of G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors in downregulation of inflammation and protection from tissue damage. Nature. 2001;414(6866):916-20. (Pubitemid 34024743)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , Issue.6866 , pp. 916-920
    • Ohta, A.1    Sitkovsky, M.2
  • 46
    • 58149269741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediation of cannabidiol anti-inflammation in the retina by equilibrative nucleoside transporter and A2A adenosine receptor
    • Liou GI, et al. Mediation of cannabidiol anti-inflammation in the retina by equilibrative nucleoside transporter and A2A adenosine receptor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(12):5526-31.
    • (2008) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.49 , Issue.12 , pp. 5526-5531
    • Liou, G.I.1
  • 47
    • 79955919145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)AR) as a therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy
    • Ibrahim AS, et al. A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)AR) as a therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy. Am J Pathol. 2011;178 (5):2136-45.
    • (2011) Am J Pathol , vol.178 , Issue.5 , pp. 2136-2145
    • Ibrahim, A.S.1
  • 48
    • 0030346281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges in developing P2 purinoceptor-based therapeutics
    • Williams M. Challenges in developing P2 purinoceptor-based therapeutics. CIBA Found Symp. 1996;198:309-21. (Pubitemid 126793195)
    • (1996) CIBA Foundation Symposia , Issue.198 , pp. 309-321
    • Williams, M.1
  • 49
    • 0024512294 scopus 로고
    • Turnover of adenosine in plasma of human and dog blood
    • Moser GH, Schrader J, Deussen A. Turnover of adenosine in plasma of human and dog blood. Am J Physiol. 1989;256(4 Pt 1):C799-806.
    • (1989) Am J Physiol , vol.256 , Issue.4 PART 1
    • Moser, G.H.1    Schrader, J.2    Deussen, A.3
  • 50
    • 33646734889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of an equilibrative nucleoside transporter by cannabidiol: A mechanism of cannabinoid immunosuppression
    • Carrier EJ, Auchampach JA, Hillard CJ. Inhibition of an equilibrative nucleoside transporter by cannabidiol: a mechanism of cannabinoid immunosuppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103(20):7895-900.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , Issue.20 , pp. 7895-7900
    • Carrier, E.J.1    Auchampach, J.A.2    Hillard, C.J.3
  • 51
    • 0032729939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of extracellular adenosine in rat hippocampal slices is temperature dependent: Role of adenosine transporters
    • Dunwiddie TV, Diao L. Regulation of extracellular adenosine in rat hippocampal slices is temperature dependent: role of adenosine transporters. Neuroscience. 2000;95(1):81-8.
    • (2000) Neuroscience , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-88
    • Dunwiddie, T.V.1    Diao, L.2
  • 52
    • 0031043210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic oral dipyridamole as a 'novel' antianginal drug: The collateral hypothesis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0008-6363(96)00262-3, PII S0008636396002623
    • Picano E, Michelassi C. Chronic oral dipyridamole as a 'novel' antianginal drug: the collateral hypothesis. Cardiovasc Res. 1997;33(3):666-70. (Pubitemid 27092868)
    • (1997) Cardiovascular Research , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 666-670
    • Picano, E.1    Michelassi, C.2
  • 53
    • 0141865615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dipyridamole in stroke prevention: Effect of dipyridamole on blood pressure
    • DOI 10.1161/01.STR.0000090346.45784.C3
    • De Schryver EL. Dipyridamole in stroke prevention: effect of dipyridamole on blood pressure. Stroke. 2003;34(10):2339-42. (Pubitemid 37221937)
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , Issue.10 , pp. 2339-2342
    • De Schryver, E.L.L.M.1
  • 56
    • 0037220312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of insulin on expression level of nucleoside transporters in diabetic rats
    • DOI 10.1124/mol.63.1.81
    • Pawelczyk T, Podgorska M, Sakowicz M. The effect of insulin on expression level of nucleoside transporters in diabetic rats. Mol Pharmacol. 2003;63(1):81-8. (Pubitemid 36043811)
    • (2003) Molecular Pharmacology , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-88
    • Pawelczyk, T.1    Podgorska, M.2    Sakowicz, M.3
  • 62
    • 57349100410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol in endotoxin-induced uveitis: Critical role of p38 MAPK activation
    • El-Remessy AB, et al. Neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol in endotoxin-induced uveitis: critical role of p38 MAPK activation. Mol Vis. 2008;14:2190-203.
    • (2008) Mol Vis , vol.14 , pp. 2190-2203
    • El-Remessy, A.B.1
  • 63
    • 0037707636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-ischemic treatment with cannabidiol prevents electroencephalographic flattening, hyperlocomotion and neuronal injury in gerbils
    • DOI 10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00569-X
    • Braida D, et al. Post-ischemic treatment with cannabidiol prevents electroencephalographic flattening, hyperlocomotion and neuronal injury in gerbils. Neurosci Lett. 2003;346(1-2):61-4. (Pubitemid 36792194)
    • (2003) Neuroscience Letters , vol.346 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 61-64
    • Braida, D.1    Pegorini, S.2    Arcidiacono, M.V.3    Consalez, G.G.4    Croci, L.5    Sala, M.6
  • 64
    • 18244396915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol prevents cerebral infarction via a serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor-dependent mechanism
    • Mishima K, et al. Cannabidiol prevents cerebral infarction via a serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor-dependent mechanism. Stroke. 2005;36(5):1077-82.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 1077-1082
    • Mishima, K.1
  • 67
    • 33645816506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sativex: Clinical efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of symptoms of multiple sclerosis and neuropathic pain
    • Barnes MP. Sativex: clinical efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of symptoms of multiple sclerosis and neuropathic pain. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006;7(5):607-15.
    • (2006) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 607-615
    • Barnes, M.P.1
  • 68
    • 72449163526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol as a putative novel therapy for diabetic retinopathy: A postulated mechanism of action as an entry point for biomarker-guided clinical development
    • Liou G, et al. Cannabidiol as a putative novel therapy for diabetic retinopathy: a postulated mechanism of action as an entry point for biomarker-guided clinical development. Curr Pharmacogenomics Person Med. 2009;7(3):215-22.
    • (2009) Curr Pharmacogenomics Person Med , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-222
    • Liou, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.