Proteomic analysis reveals overexpression of moesin and cytokeratin 17 proteins in colorectal carcinoma

Oncology Reports

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 608-620

  Kim, Chan Yong ^a   Jung, Woon Yong ^a   Lee, Hyun Joo ^a   Kim, Han Kyeom ^a   Kim, Aeree ^a   Shin, Bong Kyung ^a  

^a Korea University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

Author keywords

2 dimensional electrophoresis; Colorectal carcinoma; Cytokeratin 17; Mass spectrometry; Moesin; Proteomics

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CARBONATE DEHYDRATASE; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 1; CYTOKERATIN 17; END BINDING PROTEIN 1; FODRIN; FRUCTOSE BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE; MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; MOESIN; PROTEASOME; PROTEASOME ACTIVATOR 28; PROTEIN; PROTEIN P27BBP; PROTEIN RNA EXPORT 1 HOMOLOG; TROPOMYOSIN; TROPOMYOSIN 4 ISOFORM 2; UBIQUITIN THIOLESTERASE; UBIQUITIN THIOLESTERASE L1; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VOLTAGE DEPENDENT ANION CHANNEL 1;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER INVASION; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER STAGING; CANCER TISSUE; CARCINOGENESIS; COLON MUCOSA; COLORECTAL CANCER; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOWN REGULATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MATRIX ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION IONIZATION TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; METASTASIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEOMICS; TISSUE MICROARRAY; TUMOR CELL; TUMOR VOLUME; TWO DIMENSIONAL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; UPREGULATION; WESTERN BLOTTING;

ADENOCARCINOMA; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; CARBONIC ANHYDRASE I; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; DOWN-REGULATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INTESTINAL MUCOSA; KERATIN-17; MALE; MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS; MIDDLE AGED; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOPLASM STAGING; PROGNOSIS; PROTEOMICS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL; UP-REGULATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84863036601     PISSN: 1021335X     EISSN: 17912431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1545     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Yoon YS, Yu CS, Jung SH, et al: Characteristics of colorectal cancer detected at the Health Promotion Center. J Korean Soc Coloproctol 23: 321-326, 2007.
2. Calistri D, Rengucci C, Bocchini R, Saragoni L, Zoli W and Amadori D: Fecal multiple molecular tests to detect colorectal cancer in stool. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 1: 377-383, 2003. (Pubitemid 37248057)
3. Boynton KA, Summerhayes IC, Ahlquist DA and Shuber AP: DNA integrity as a potential marker for stool-based detection of colorectal cancer. Clin Chem 49: 1058-1065, 2003. (Pubitemid 36751091)
4. Dong SM, Traverso G, Johnson C, et al: Detecting colorectal cancer in stool with the use of multiple genetic targets. J Natl Cancer Inst 93: 858-865, 2001. (Pubitemid 32586613)
5. Ahlquist DA, Skoletsky JE, Boynton KA, et al: Colorectal cancer screening by detection of altered human DNA in stool: feasibility of a multitarget assay panel. Gastroenterology 119: 1219-1227, 2000.
6. Jonker DJ, O'Callaghan CJ, Karapetis CS, et al: Cetuximab for the treatment of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 357: 2040-2048, 2007. (Pubitemid 350106711)
7. Arnold D and Seufferlein T: Targeted treatments in colorectal cancer: state of the art and future perspectives. Gut 59: 838-858, 2010.
8. Ferrara N, Gerber HP and LeCouter J: The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med 9: 669-676, 2003. (Pubitemid 36749215)
9. Ferrara N, Hillan KJ, Gerber HP and Novotny W: Discovery and development of bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody for treating cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 3: 391-400, 2004. (Pubitemid 38618122)
10. Presta LG, Chen H, O'Connor SJ, et al: Humanization of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody for the therapy of solid tumors and other disorders. Cancer Res 57: 4593-4599, 1997. (Pubitemid 27441066)
11. Summy JM and Gallick GE: Src family kinases in tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 22: 337-358, 2003. (Pubitemid 36791891)
12. Talamonti MS, Roh MS, Curley SA and Gallick GE: Increase in activity and level of pp60c-src in progressive stages of human colorectal cancer. J Clin Invest 91: 53-60, 1993. (Pubitemid 23037252)
13. Tabernero J, Cervantes A, Hoekman K, et al: Phase I study of AZD0530, an oral potent inhibitor of Src kinase: first demonstration of inhibition of Src activity in human cancers. J Clin Oncol 25: 3520, 2007.
14. Tice DA, Biscardi JS, Nickles AL and Parsons SJ: Mechanism of biological synergy between cellular Src and epidermal growth factor receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 1415-1420, 1999. (Pubitemid 29098465)
15. Abraham RT and Gibbons JJ: The mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway: twists and turns in the road to cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 13: 3109-3114, 2007. (Pubitemid 46944891)
16. Eichhorn PJ, Gili M, Scaltriti M, et al: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase hyperactivation results in lapatinib resistance that is reversed by the mTOR/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor NVP-BEZ235. Cancer Res 68: 9221-9230, 2008.
17. Serra V, Markman B, Scaltriti M, et al: NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, prevents PI3K signaling and inhibits the growth of cancer cells with activating PI3K mutations. Cancer Res 68: 8022-8030, 2008.
18. Chuthapisith S, Layfield R, Kerr ID and Eremin O: Principles of proteomics and its applications in cancer. Surgeon 5: 14-22, 2007.
19. Lievre A and Laurent-Puig P: Molecular biology in clinical cancer research: the example of digestive cancers. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 53: 267-282, 2005 (In French). (Pubitemid 41044381)
20. Srinivasula SM, Hegde R, Saleh A, et al: A conserved XIAP-interaction motif in caspase-9 and Smac/DIABLO regulates caspase activity and apoptosis. Nature 410: 112-116, 2001. (Pubitemid 32225846)
21. Kuramitsu Y and Nakamura K: Proteomic analysis of cancer tissues: shedding light on carcinogenesis and possible biomarkers. Proteomics 6: 5650-5661, 2006. (Pubitemid 44683228)
22. Moritz RL, Skandarajah AR, Ji H and Simpson RJ: Proteomic analysis of colorectal cancer: prefractionation strategies using two-dimensional free-flow electrophoresis. Comp Funct Genomics 6: 236-243, 2005. (Pubitemid 40797022)
23. Knox SJ, Goris ML, Tempero M, et al: Phase II trial of yttrium-90-DOTA-biotin pretargeted by NR-LU-10 antibody/streptavidin in patients with metastatic colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res 6: 406-414, 2000. (Pubitemid 30111457)
24. Stulík J, Koupilova K, Osterreicher J, et al: Protein abundance alterations in matched sets of macroscopically normal colon mucosa and colorectal carcinoma. Electrophoresis 20: 3638-3646, 1999. (Pubitemid 30007262)
25. Lane CS, Nisar S, Griffiths WJ, et al: Identification of cytochrome P450 enzymes in human colorectal metastases and the surrounding liver: a proteomic approach. Eur J Cancer 40: 2127-2134, 2004. (Pubitemid 39165547)
26. Dundas SR, Lawrie LC, Rooney PH and Murray GI: Mortalin is over-expressed by colorectal adenocarcinomas and correlates with poor survival. J Pathol 205: 74-81, 2005. (Pubitemid 40029095)
27. Friedman DB, Hill S, Keller JW, et al: Proteome analysis of human colon cancer by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Proteomics 4: 793-811, 2004. (Pubitemid 38339157)
28. Alfonso P, Núñez A, Madoz-Gurpide J, Lombardia L, Sánchez L and Casal JI: Proteomic expression analysis of colorectal cancer by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Proteomics 5: 2602-2611, 2005. (Pubitemid 40966487)
29. Sato N, Funayama N, Nagafuchi A, Yonemura S and Tsukita S: A gene family consisting of ezrin, radixin and moesin. Its specific localization at actin filament/plasma membrane association sites. J Cell Sci 103 (Pt 1): 131-143, 1992.
30. Bretscher A, Edwards K and Fehon RG: ERM proteins and merlin: integrators at the cell cortex. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3: 586-599, 2002.
31. Wei YC, Li CF, Yu SC, et al: Ezrin overexpression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an independent adverse prognosticator associated with the non-gastric location. Mod Pathol 22: 1351-1360, 2009.
32. Louvet-Vallee S: ERM proteins: from cellular architecture to cell signaling. Biol Cell 92: 305-316, 2000.
33. Tsukita S and Yonemura S: Cortical actin organization: lessons from ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) proteins. J Biol Chem 274: 34507-34510, 1999. (Pubitemid 129509480)
34. Li Q, Wu M, Wang H, et al: Ezrin silencing by small hairpin RNA reverses metastatic behaviors of human breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 261: 55-63, 2008.
35. Kim MS, Cho WH, Song WS, Lee SY and Jeon DG: Prognostic significance of ezrin expression in pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Anticancer Res 27: 1171-1178, 2007.
36. Weng WH, Ahlen J, Astrom K, Lui WO and Larsson C: Prognostic impact of immunohistochemical expression of ezrin in highly malignant soft tissue sarcomas. Clin Cancer Res 11: 6198-6204, 2005. (Pubitemid 41262948)
37. Yu Y, Khan J, Khanna C, Helman L, Meltzer PS and Merlino G: Expression profiling identifies the cytoskeletal organizer ezrin and the developmental homeoprotein Six-1 as key metastatic regulators. Nat Med 10: 175-181, 2004. (Pubitemid 38524888)
38. Khanna C, Wan X, Bose S, et al: The membrane-cytoskeleton linker ezrin is necessary for osteosarcoma metastasis. Nat Med 10: 182-186, 2004. (Pubitemid 38524889)
39. Hunter KW: Ezrin, a key component in tumor metastasis. Trends Mol Med 10: 201-204, 2004.
40. Martin TA, Harrison G, Mansel RE and Jiang WG: The role of the CD44/ezrin complex in cancer metastasis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 46: 165-186, 2003. (Pubitemid 36452345)
41. Harrison GM, Davies G, Martin TA, Jiang WG and Mason MD: Distribution and expression of CD44 isoforms and Ezrin during prostate cancer-endothelium interaction. Int J Oncol 21: 935-940, 2002.
42. Ohtani K, Sakamoto H, Rutherford T, Chen Z, Satoh K and Naftolin F: Ezrin, a membrane-cytoskeletal linking protein, is involved in the process of invasion of endometrial cancer cells. Cancer Lett 147: 31-38, 1999.
43. Dransfield DT, Bradford AJ, Smith J, et al: Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein. EMBO J 16: 35-43, 1997. (Pubitemid 27032847)
44. Carmeci C, Thompson DA, Kuang WW, Lightdale N, Furthmayr H and Weigel RJ: Moesin expression is associated with the estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer phenotype. Surgery 124: 211-217, 1998. (Pubitemid 28372918)
45. Lyng H, Brovig RS, Svendsrud DH, et al: Gene expressions and copy numbers associated with metastatic phenotypes of uterine cervical cancer. BMC Genomics 7: 268, 2006.
46. He M, Cheng Y, Li W, et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor C promotes cervical cancer metastasis via up-regulation and activation of RhoA/ROCK-2/moesin cascade. BMC Cancer 10: 170, 2010.
47. Cui Y, Wu J, Zong M, et al: Proteomic profiling in pancreatic cancer with and without lymph node metastasis. Int J Cancer 124: 1614-1621, 2009.
48. Estecha A, Sanchez-Martin L, Puig-Kroger A, et al: Moesin orchestrates cortical polarity of melanoma tumour cells to initiate 3D invasion. J Cell Sci 122: 3492-3501, 2009.
49. Solassol J, Burcia V, Costes V, et al: Pemphigus vulgaris antigen mRNA quantification for the staging of sentinel lymph nodes in head and neck cancer. Br J Cancer 102: 181-187, 2010.
50. Toyoshima T, Koch F, Kaemmerer P, Vairaktaris E, Al-Nawas B and Wagner W: Expression of cytokeratin 17 mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells obtained by brush biopsy: preliminary results. J Oral Pathol Med 38: 530-534, 2009.
51. Thike AA, Iqbal J, Cheok PY, et al: Triple negative breast cancer: outcome correlation with immunohistochemical detection of basal markers. Am J Surg Pathol 34: 956-964, 2010.
52. Rakha EA, Elsheikh SE, Aleskandarany MA, et al: Triple-negative breast cancer: distinguishing between basal and non-basal subtypes. Clin Cancer Res 15: 2302-2310, 2009.
53. Liu ZB, Wu J, Ping B, et al: Basal cytokeratin expression in relation to immunohistochemical and clinical characterization in breast cancer patients with triple negative phenotype. Tumori 95: 53-62, 2009.
54. Potemski P, Kusinska R, Watala C, Pluciennik E, Bednarek AK and Kordek R: Prognostic relevance of basal cytokeratin expression in operable breast cancer. Oncology 69: 478-485, 2005.
55. He X, Marchionni L, Hansel DE, et al: Differentiation of a highly tumorigenic basal cell compartment in urothelial carcinoma. Stem Cells 27: 1487-1495, 2009.
56. Ralhan R, Desouza LV, Matta A, et al: Discovery and verification of head-and-neck cancer biomarkers by differential protein expression analysis using iTRAQ labeling, multidimensional liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 7: 1162-1173, 2008. (Pubitemid 351943962)
57. Dapson RW: Macromolecular changes caused by formalin fixation and antigen retrieval. Biotech Histochem 82: 133-140, 2007.
58. Georgescu MM, Morales FC, Molina JR and Hayashi Y: Roles of NHERF1/EBP50 in cancer. Curr Mol Med 8: 459-468, 2008.
59. Voltz JW, Weinman EJ and Shenolikar S: Expanding the role of NHERF, a PDZ-domain containing protein adapter, to growth regulation. Oncogene 20: 6309-6314, 2001. (Pubitemid 32977839)
60. Iwadate Y, Sakaida T, Hiwasa T, et al: Molecular classification and survival prediction in human gliomas based on proteome analysis. Cancer Res 64: 2496-2501, 2004. (Pubitemid 38523905)
61. Moilanen J, Lassus H, Leminen A, Vaheri A, Butzow R and Carpen O: Ezrin immunoreactivity in relation to survival in serous ovarian carcinoma patients. Gynecol Oncol 90: 273-281, 2003. (Pubitemid 36952014)
62. Makitie T, Carpen O, Vaheri A and Kivela T: Ezrin as a prognostic indicator and its relationship to tumor characteristics in uveal malignant melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42: 2442-2449, 2001. (Pubitemid 32954846)
63. Tokunou M, Niki T, Saitoh Y, Imamura H, Sakamoto M and Hirohashi S: Altered expression of the ERM proteins in lung adenocarcinoma. Lab Invest 80: 1643-1650, 2000.
64. Akisawa N, Nishimori I, Iwamura T, Onishi S and Hollingsworth MA: High levels of ezrin expressed by human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines with high metastatic potential. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 258: 395-400, 1999. (Pubitemid 29287062)
65. Kobayashi H, Sagara J, Masumoto J, Kurita H, Kurashina K and Taniguchi S: Shifts in cellular localization of moesin in normal oral epithelium, oral epithelial dysplasia, verrucous carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 32: 344-349, 2003. (Pubitemid 36781533)
66. Sanvito F, Vivoli F, Gambini S, et al: Expression of a highly conserved protein, p27BBP, during the progression of human colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 60: 510-516, 2000. (Pubitemid 30094540)
67. Biffo S, Sanvito F, Costa S, et al: Isolation of a novel beta4 integrin-binding protein (p27(BBP)) highly expressed in epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 272: 30314-30321, 1997. (Pubitemid 27512237)
68. Rosso P, Cortesina G, Sanvito F, et al: Overexpression of p27BBP in head and neck carcinomas and their lymph node metastases. Head Neck 26: 408-417, 2004. (Pubitemid 38569199)
69. Lin JJ, Helfman DM, Hughes SH and Chou CS: Tropomyosin isoforms in chicken embryo fibroblasts: purification, characterization, and changes in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells. J Cell Biol 100: 692-703, 1985. (Pubitemid 15135328)
70. Cote GP: Structural and functional properties of the non-muscle tropomyosins. Mol Cell Biochem 57: 127-146, 1983.
71. Miyado K, Kimura M and Taniguchi S: Decreased expression of a single tropomyosin isoform, TM5/TM30nm, results in reduction in motility of highly metastatic B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 225: 427-435, 1996. (Pubitemid 26355618)
72. Franzen B, Linder S, Uryu K, et al: Expression of tropomyosin isoforms in benign and malignant human breast lesions. Br J Cancer 73: 909-913, 1996. (Pubitemid 26110162)
73. Takenaga K, Nakamura Y and Sakiyama S: Differential expression of a tropomyosin isoform in low- and high-metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Mol Cell Biol 8: 3934-3937, 1988.
74. Qi Y, Chiu JF, Wang L, Kwong DL and He QY: Comparative proteomic analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Proteomics 5: 2960-2971, 2005. (Pubitemid 41059772)
75. Song X, Mott JD, von Kampen J, et al: A model for the quaternary structure of the proteasome activator PA28. J Biol Chem 271: 26410-26417, 1996. (Pubitemid 26347999)
76. Dubiel W, Pratt G, Ferrell K and Rechsteiner M: Purification of an 11 S regulator of the multicatalytic protease. J Biol Chem 267: 22369-22377, 1992.
77. Dubiel W, Ferrell K, Pratt G and Rechsteiner M: Subunit 4 of the 26 S protease is a member of a novel eukaryotic ATPase family. J Biol Chem 267: 22699-22702, 1992.
78. Miyagi T, Tatsumi T, Takehara T, et al: Impaired expression of proteasome subunits and human leukocyte antigens class I in human colon cancer cells. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18: 32-40, 2003. (Pubitemid 36062584)
79. Giusti L, Iacconi P, Ciregia F, et al: Fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules: proteomic analysis to identify cancer biomarkers. J Proteome Res 7: 4079-4088, 2008.
80. Nakano H, Funasaka T, Hashizume C and Wong RW: Nucleoporin translocated promoter region (Tpr) associates with dynein complex, preventing chromosome lagging formation during mitosis. J Biol Chem 285: 10841-10849, 2010.
81. Rao CV, Yamada HY, Yao Y and Dai W: Enhanced genomic instabilities caused by deregulated microtubule dynamics and chromosome segregation: a perspective from genetic studies in mice. Carcinogenesis 30: 1469-1474, 2009.
82. Terrano DT, Upreti M and Chambers TC: Cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 phosphorylation acts as a functional link coupling mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 30: 640-656, 2010.
83. Nakayama S, Torikoshi Y, Takahashi T, et al: Prediction of paclitaxel sensitivity by CDK1 and CDK2 activity in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 11: R12, 2009.
84. Akhmanova A and Steinmetz MO: Tracking the ends: a dynamic protein network controls the fate of microtubule tips. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9: 309-322, 2008. (Pubitemid 351430849)
85. Morrison EE: Action and interactions at microtubule ends. Cell Mol Life Sci 64: 307-317, 2007.
86. Vaughan KT: TIP maker and TIP marker; EB1 as a master controller of microtubule plus ends. J Cell Biol 171: 197-200, 2005.
87. Fujii K, Kondo T, Yokoo H, Yamada T, Iwatsuki K and Hirohashi S: Proteomic study of human hepatocellular carcinoma using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis with saturation cysteine dye. Proteomics 5: 1411-1422, 2005.
88. Nishigaki R, Osaki M, Hiratsuka M, et al: Proteomic identification of differentially-expressed genes in human gastric carcinomas. Proteomics 5: 3205-3213, 2005. (Pubitemid 41176488)
89. Wang Y, Zhou X, Zhu H, et al: Overexpression of EB1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) may promote cellular growth by activating beta-catenin/TCF pathway. Oncogene 24: 6637-6645, 2005.
90. Dong X, Liu F, Sun L, et al: Oncogenic function of microtubule end-binding protein 1 in breast cancer. J Pathol 220: 361-369, 2010.
91. Shimizu S, Narita M and Tsujimoto Y: Bcl-2 family proteins regulate the release of apoptogenic cytochrome c by the mitochondrial channel VDAC. Nature 399: 483-487, 1999. (Pubitemid 29258855)
92. Narita M, Shimizu S, Ito T, et al: Bax interacts with the permeability transition pore to induce permeability transition and cytochrome c release in isolated mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 14681-14686, 1998. (Pubitemid 29003690)
93. Simamura E, Shimada H, Ishigaki Y, Hatta T, Higashi N and Hirai K: Bioreductive activation of quinone antitumor drugs by mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1. Anat Sci Int 83: 261-266, 2008.
94. Simamura E, Hirai K, Shimada H, Koyama J, Niwa Y and Shimizu S: Furanonaphthoquinones cause apoptosis of cancer cells by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species by the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel. Cancer Biol Ther 5: 1523-1529, 2006.
95. Simamura E, Shimada H, Hatta T and Hirai K: Mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) as novel pharmacological targets for anti-cancer agents. J Bioenerg Biomembr 40: 213-217, 2008.
96. Pan S, Cheng L, White JT, et al: Quantitative proteomics analysis integrated with microarray data reveals that extracellular matrix proteins, catenins, and p53 binding protein 1 are important for chemotherapy response in ovarian cancers. OMICS 13: 345-354, 2009.
97. Koren I, Raviv Z and Shoshan-Barmatz V: Downregulation of voltage-dependent anion channel-1 expression by RNA interference prevents cancer cell growth in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 9: 1046-1052, 2010.