메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue , 2012, Pages

Effects of adenosine A 2A receptor activation and alanyl-glutamine in Clostridium difficile toxin-induced ileitis in rabbits and cecitis in mice

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

5 AMINO 2 (2 FURYL) 7 (2 PHENYLETHYL)PYRAZOLO[4,3 E][1,2,4]TRIAZOLO[1,5 C]PYRIMIDINE; ADENOSINE A2A RECEPTOR; ADENOSINE A2A RECEPTOR AGONIST; ALANYLGLUTAMINE; ATL 370; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN A; CXCL1 CHEMOKINE; INTERLEUKIN 10; PHOSPHATE BUFFERED SALINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BACTERIAL TOXIN; DIPEPTIDE; ENTEROTOXIN; TCDA PROTEIN, CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE;

EID: 84862826280     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-13     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 20144386999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated disease with an unexpected proportion of deaths and colectomies at a teaching hospital following increased fluoroquinolone use
    • 10.1086/502539, 15796280
    • Muto CA, Pokrywka M, Shutt K, Mendelsohn AB, Nouri K, Posey K, Roberts T, Croyle K, Krystofiak S, Patel-Brown S, et al. A large outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated disease with an unexpected proportion of deaths and colectomies at a teaching hospital following increased fluoroquinolone use. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005, 26:273-280. 10.1086/502539, 15796280.
    • (2005) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 273-280
    • Muto, C.A.1    Pokrywka, M.2    Shutt, K.3    Mendelsohn, A.B.4    Nouri, K.5    Posey, K.6    Roberts, T.7    Croyle, K.8    Krystofiak, S.9    Patel-Brown, S.10
  • 2
    • 4444382260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a region of Quebec from 1991 to 2003: a changing pattern of disease severity
    • 10.1503/cmaj.1041104, 514643, 15337727
    • Pepin J, Valiquette L, Alary ME, Villemure P, Pelletier A, Forget K, Pepin K, Chouinard D. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a region of Quebec from 1991 to 2003: a changing pattern of disease severity. CMAJ 2004, 171:466-472. 10.1503/cmaj.1041104, 514643, 15337727.
    • (2004) CMAJ , vol.171 , pp. 466-472
    • Pepin, J.1    Valiquette, L.2    Alary, M.E.3    Villemure, P.4    Pelletier, A.5    Forget, K.6    Pepin, K.7    Chouinard, D.8
  • 4
    • 0026663447 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of asymptomatic Clostridium difficile carriers (fecal excretors) with vancomycin or metronidazole. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Johnson S, Homann SR, Bettin KM, Quick JN, Clabots CR, Peterson LR, Gerding DN. Treatment of asymptomatic Clostridium difficile carriers (fecal excretors) with vancomycin or metronidazole. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1992, 117:297-302.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 297-302
    • Johnson, S.1    Homann, S.R.2    Bettin, K.M.3    Quick, J.N.4    Clabots, C.R.5    Peterson, L.R.6    Gerding, D.N.7
  • 5
    • 38049084783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on the changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease
    • 10.1038/ncpgasthep1029, 18174906
    • McFarland LV. Update on the changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008, 5:40-48. 10.1038/ncpgasthep1029, 18174906.
    • (2008) Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.5 , pp. 40-48
    • McFarland, L.V.1
  • 6
    • 0042384847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine Analogues As Adjunctive Therapy for Infectious Diarrhea
    • 10.1007/s11908-003-0046-2, 12641996
    • Carneiro-Filho BA, Bushen OY, Brito GA, Lima AA, Guerrant RL. Glutamine Analogues As Adjunctive Therapy for Infectious Diarrhea. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2003, 5:114-119. 10.1007/s11908-003-0046-2, 12641996.
    • (2003) Curr Infect Dis Rep , vol.5 , pp. 114-119
    • Carneiro-Filho, B.A.1    Bushen, O.Y.2    Brito, G.A.3    Lima, A.A.4    Guerrant, R.L.5
  • 9
    • 0036051315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine protects activated human T cells from apoptosis by up-regulating glutathione and Bcl-2 levels
    • 10.1006/clim.2002.5257, 12165276
    • Chang WK, Yang KD, Chuang H, Jan JT, Shaio MF. Glutamine protects activated human T cells from apoptosis by up-regulating glutathione and Bcl-2 levels. Clin Immunol 2002, 104:151-160. 10.1006/clim.2002.5257, 12165276.
    • (2002) Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 151-160
    • Chang, W.K.1    Yang, K.D.2    Chuang, H.3    Jan, J.T.4    Shaio, M.F.5
  • 11
    • 0037111088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced apoptosis in T84 cells
    • 10.1086/344729, 12404159
    • Brito GA, Fujji J, Carneiro-Filho BA, Lima AA, Obrig T, Guerrant RL. Mechanism of Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced apoptosis in T84 cells. J Infect Dis 2002, 186:1438-1447. 10.1086/344729, 12404159.
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.186 , pp. 1438-1447
    • Brito, G.A.1    Fujji, J.2    Carneiro-Filho, B.A.3    Lima, A.A.4    Obrig, T.5    Guerrant, R.L.6
  • 12
    • 29644438766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspase and bid involvement in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced apoptosis and modulation of toxin A effects by glutamine and alanyl-glutamine in vivo and in vitro
    • 10.1128/IAI.74.1.81-87.2006, 1346681, 16368960
    • Carneiro BA, Fujii J, Brito GA, Alcantara C, Oria RB, Lima AA, Obrig T, Guerrant RL. Caspase and bid involvement in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced apoptosis and modulation of toxin A effects by glutamine and alanyl-glutamine in vivo and in vitro. Infect Immun 2006, 74:81-87. 10.1128/IAI.74.1.81-87.2006, 1346681, 16368960.
    • (2006) Infect Immun , vol.74 , pp. 81-87
    • Carneiro, B.A.1    Fujii, J.2    Brito, G.A.3    Alcantara, C.4    Oria, R.B.5    Lima, A.A.6    Obrig, T.7    Guerrant, R.L.8
  • 13
    • 0027983055 scopus 로고
    • Adenosine, an endogenous anti-inflammatory agent
    • Cronstein BN. Adenosine, an endogenous anti-inflammatory agent. J Appl Physiol 1994, 76:5-13.
    • (1994) J Appl Physiol , vol.76 , pp. 5-13
    • Cronstein, B.N.1
  • 14
    • 0035076437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic AMP-dependent inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative activity by substituted 2-propynylcyclohexyl adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists
    • 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703893, 1572638, 11226132
    • Sullivan GW, Rieger JM, Scheld WM, Macdonald TL, Linden J. Cyclic AMP-dependent inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative activity by substituted 2-propynylcyclohexyl adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists. Br J Pharmacol 2001, 132:1017-1026. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703893, 1572638, 11226132.
    • (2001) Br J Pharmacol , vol.132 , pp. 1017-1026
    • Sullivan, G.W.1    Rieger, J.M.2    Scheld, W.M.3    Macdonald, T.L.4    Linden, J.5
  • 15
    • 33646356197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of novel A2A adenosine receptor agonist ATL 313 on Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced murine ileal enteritis
    • 10.1128/IAI.74.5.2606-2612.2006, 1459724, 16622196
    • Cavalcante IC, Castro MV, Barreto AR, Sullivan GW, Vale M, Almeida PR, Linden J, Rieger JM, Cunha FQ, Guerrant RL, et al. Effect of novel A2A adenosine receptor agonist ATL 313 on Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced murine ileal enteritis. Infect Immun 2006, 74:2606-2612. 10.1128/IAI.74.5.2606-2612.2006, 1459724, 16622196.
    • (2006) Infect Immun , vol.74 , pp. 2606-2612
    • Cavalcante, I.C.1    Castro, M.V.2    Barreto, A.R.3    Sullivan, G.W.4    Vale, M.5    Almeida, P.R.6    Linden, J.7    Rieger, J.M.8    Cunha, F.Q.9    Guerrant, R.L.10
  • 16
    • 0035450380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of inducible cyclooxygenase and prostaglandins in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced secretion and inflammation in an animal model
    • 10.1086/322799, 11474431
    • Alcantara C, Stenson WF, Steiner TS, Guerrant RL. Role of inducible cyclooxygenase and prostaglandins in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced secretion and inflammation in an animal model. J Infect Dis 2001, 184:648-652. 10.1086/322799, 11474431.
    • (2001) J Infect Dis , vol.184 , pp. 648-652
    • Alcantara, C.1    Stenson, W.F.2    Steiner, T.S.3    Guerrant, R.L.4
  • 17
    • 20444407608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blockade inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced intestinal secretion in a rabbit model
    • 10.1086/430316, 15897995
    • Alcantara CS, Jin XH, Brito GA, Carneiro-Filho BA, Barrett LJ, Carey RM, Guerrant RL. Angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blockade inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced intestinal secretion in a rabbit model. J Infect Dis 2005, 191:2090-2096. 10.1086/430316, 15897995.
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.191 , pp. 2090-2096
    • Alcantara, C.S.1    Jin, X.H.2    Brito, G.A.3    Carneiro-Filho, B.A.4    Barrett, L.J.5    Carey, R.M.6    Guerrant, R.L.7
  • 18
    • 78649537405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murine model of Clostridium difficile infection using gnotobiotic aged C57Bl/6 mice and a BI strain
    • 10.1086/657086, 3057484, 20977342
    • Pawlowski SW, Calabrese G, Kolling GL, Freire R, Alcantara Warren C, Liu B, Sartor B, Guerrant RL. Murine model of Clostridium difficile infection using gnotobiotic aged C57Bl/6 mice and a BI strain. J Infect Dis 2010, 202:1708-1712. 10.1086/657086, 3057484, 20977342.
    • (2010) J Infect Dis , vol.202 , pp. 1708-1712
    • Pawlowski, S.W.1    Calabrese, G.2    Kolling, G.L.3    Freire, R.4    Alcantara Warren, C.5    Liu, B.6    Sartor, B.7    Guerrant, R.L.8
  • 19
    • 84872519417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit
    • Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit. , http://www.piercenet.com/instructions/2161296.pdf
  • 20
    • 84862782752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantikine® Mouse CXCL1/KC Immunoassay
    • Quantikine® Mouse CXCL1/KC Immunoassay. , http://www.rndsystems.com/pdf/mkc00b.pdf
  • 21
    • 84862827765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantikine® Mouse IL-10 Immunoassay
    • Quantikine® Mouse IL-10 Immunoassay. , http://www.rndsystems.com/pdf/m1000.pdf
  • 22
    • 0035710746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method
    • 10.1006/meth.2001.1262, 11846609
    • Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 2001, 25:402-8. 10.1006/meth.2001.1262, 11846609.
    • (2001) Methods , vol.25 , pp. 402-408
    • Livak, K.J.1    Schmittgen, T.D.2
  • 23
    • 0023852615 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in rabbit small and large intestine in vivo and on cultured cells in vitro
    • 259330, 3343050
    • Lima AA, Lyerly DM, Wilkins TD, Innes DJ, Guerrant RL. Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in rabbit small and large intestine in vivo and on cultured cells in vitro. Infect Immun 1988, 56:582-588. 259330, 3343050.
    • (1988) Infect Immun , vol.56 , pp. 582-588
    • Lima, A.A.1    Lyerly, D.M.2    Wilkins, T.D.3    Innes, D.J.4    Guerrant, R.L.5
  • 24
    • 0034999642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbes and microbial toxins: paradigms for microbial-mucosal interactions II. The integrated response of the intestine to Clostridium difficile toxins
    • Pothoulakis C, Lamont JT. Microbes and microbial toxins: paradigms for microbial-mucosal interactions II. The integrated response of the intestine to Clostridium difficile toxins. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001, 280:G178-G183.
    • (2001) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.280
    • Pothoulakis, C.1    Lamont, J.T.2
  • 25
    • 17444366186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile toxins: mechanism of action and role in disease
    • 10.1128/CMR.18.2.247-263.2005, 1082799, 15831824
    • Voth DE, Ballard JD. Clostridium difficile toxins: mechanism of action and role in disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005, 18:247-263. 10.1128/CMR.18.2.247-263.2005, 1082799, 15831824.
    • (2005) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.18 , pp. 247-263
    • Voth, D.E.1    Ballard, J.D.2
  • 26
    • 77957988127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile infection
    • 10.1038/nature09397, 20844489
    • Kuehne SA, Cartman ST, Heap JT, Kelly ML, Cockayne A, Minton NP. The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile infection. Nature 2010, 467:711-3. 10.1038/nature09397, 20844489.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.467 , pp. 711-713
    • Kuehne, S.A.1    Cartman, S.T.2    Heap, J.T.3    Kelly, M.L.4    Cockayne, A.5    Minton, N.P.6
  • 28
    • 0021995801 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins given intragastrically to animals
    • 263173, 3917975
    • Lyerly DM, Saum KE, MacDonald DK, Wilkins TD. Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins given intragastrically to animals. Infect Immun 1985, 47:349-52. 263173, 3917975.
    • (1985) Infect Immun , vol.47 , pp. 349-352
    • Lyerly, D.M.1    Saum, K.E.2    MacDonald, D.K.3    Wilkins, T.D.4
  • 29
    • 0035209620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Union of Pharmacology. XXV. Nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors
    • Fredholm BB, IJzerman AP, Jacobson KA, Klotz KN, Linden J. International Union of Pharmacology. XXV. Nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2001, 53:527-552.
    • (2001) Pharmacol Rev , vol.53 , pp. 527-552
    • Fredholm, B.B.1    IJzerman, A.P.2    Jacobson, K.A.3    Klotz, K.N.4    Linden, J.5
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0029968687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine inhibits cytokine release and expression of adhesion molecules by activated human endothelial cells
    • Bouma MG, van den Wildenberg FA, Buurman WA. Adenosine inhibits cytokine release and expression of adhesion molecules by activated human endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 1996, 270:C522-C529.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.270
    • Bouma, M.G.1    van den Wildenberg, F.A.2    Buurman, W.A.3
  • 32
    • 70349578566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and functions of L-glutamate in the epithelial cells of the small and large intestines
    • 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27462S, 19571215
    • Blachier F, Boutry C, Bos C, Tome D. Metabolism and functions of L-glutamate in the epithelial cells of the small and large intestines. Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 90:814S-821S. 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27462S, 19571215.
    • (2009) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.90
    • Blachier, F.1    Boutry, C.2    Bos, C.3    Tome, D.4
  • 33
    • 0025475371 scopus 로고
    • Is glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid?
    • Lacey JM, Wilmore DW. Is glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid?. Nutr Rev 1990, 48:297-309.
    • (1990) Nutr Rev , vol.48 , pp. 297-309
    • Lacey, J.M.1    Wilmore, D.W.2
  • 34
    • 0031875470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine deprivation induces apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells
    • 10.1016/S0039-6060(98)70115-1, 9706133
    • Papaconstantinou HT, Hwang KO, Rajaraman S, Hellmich MR, Townsend CM, Ko TC. Glutamine deprivation induces apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. Surgery 1998, 124:152-159. 10.1016/S0039-6060(98)70115-1, 9706133.
    • (1998) Surgery , vol.124 , pp. 152-159
    • Papaconstantinou, H.T.1    Hwang, K.O.2    Rajaraman, S.3    Hellmich, M.R.4    Townsend, C.M.5    Ko, T.C.6
  • 35
    • 0035513751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine reduces cytokine release, organ damage, and mortality in a rat model of endotoxemia
    • 10.1097/00024382-200116050-00014, 11699081
    • Wischmeyer PE, Kahana M, Wolfson R, Ren H, Musch MM, Chang EB. Glutamine reduces cytokine release, organ damage, and mortality in a rat model of endotoxemia. Shock 2001, 16:398-402. 10.1097/00024382-200116050-00014, 11699081.
    • (2001) Shock , vol.16 , pp. 398-402
    • Wischmeyer, P.E.1    Kahana, M.2    Wolfson, R.3    Ren, H.4    Musch, M.M.5    Chang, E.B.6
  • 36
    • 50849136855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral glutamine: a novel mediator of PPARgamma in the postischemic gut
    • 10.1189/jlb.1107764, 2516899, 18390929
    • Ban K, Kozar RA. Enteral glutamine: a novel mediator of PPARgamma in the postischemic gut. J Leukoc Biol 2008, 84:595-599. 10.1189/jlb.1107764, 2516899, 18390929.
    • (2008) J Leukoc Biol , vol.84 , pp. 595-599
    • Ban, K.1    Kozar, R.A.2
  • 38
    • 0028985715 scopus 로고
    • The A2b adenosine receptor mediates cAMP responses to adenosine receptor agonists in human intestinal epithelia
    • 10.1074/jbc.270.5.2387, 7836474
    • Strohmeier GR, Reppert SM, Lencer WI, Madara JL. The A2b adenosine receptor mediates cAMP responses to adenosine receptor agonists in human intestinal epithelia. J Biol Chem 1995, 270:2387-2394. 10.1074/jbc.270.5.2387, 7836474.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 2387-2394
    • Strohmeier, G.R.1    Reppert, S.M.2    Lencer, W.I.3    Madara, J.L.4
  • 39
    • 43349085701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A2A receptors in inflammation and injury: lessons learned from transgenic animals
    • 2268631, 18160539
    • Hasko G, Pacher P. A2A receptors in inflammation and injury: lessons learned from transgenic animals. J Leukoc Biol 2008, 83:447-455. 2268631, 18160539.
    • (2008) J Leukoc Biol , vol.83 , pp. 447-455
    • Hasko, G.1    Pacher, P.2
  • 40
    • 57249084649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An A2A adenosine receptor agonist, ATL313, reduces inflammation and improves survival in murine sepsis models
    • 10.1186/1471-2334-8-141, 2588444, 18937852
    • Moore CC, Martin EN, Lee GH, Obrig T, Linden J, Scheld WM. An A2A adenosine receptor agonist, ATL313, reduces inflammation and improves survival in murine sepsis models. BMC Infect Dis 2008, 8:141. 10.1186/1471-2334-8-141, 2588444, 18937852.
    • (2008) BMC Infect Dis , vol.8 , pp. 141
    • Moore, C.C.1    Martin, E.N.2    Lee, G.H.3    Obrig, T.4    Linden, J.5    Scheld, W.M.6
  • 41
    • 2442720039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A2A adenosine receptor activation improves survival in mouse models of endotoxemia and sepsis
    • 10.1086/386311, 15122527
    • Sullivan GW, Fang G, Linden J, Scheld WM. A2A adenosine receptor activation improves survival in mouse models of endotoxemia and sepsis. J Infect Dis 2004, 189:1897-1904. 10.1086/386311, 15122527.
    • (2004) J Infect Dis , vol.189 , pp. 1897-1904
    • Sullivan, G.W.1    Fang, G.2    Linden, J.3    Scheld, W.M.4
  • 42
    • 0030294914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of alanyl-glutamine on gut barrier function
    • 10.1016/S0899-9007(96)00217-1, 8974106
    • Bai MX, Jiang ZM, Liu YW, Wang WT, Li DM, Wilmore DW. Effects of alanyl-glutamine on gut barrier function. Nutrition 1996, 12:793-796. 10.1016/S0899-9007(96)00217-1, 8974106.
    • (1996) Nutrition , vol.12 , pp. 793-796
    • Bai, M.X.1    Jiang, Z.M.2    Liu, Y.W.3    Wang, W.T.4    Li, D.M.5    Wilmore, D.W.6
  • 43
    • 50949104496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alanyl-glutamine and glutamine supplementation improves 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal epithelium damage in vitro
    • 10.1007/s10620-008-0215-0, 18320312
    • Braga-Neto MB, Warren CA, Oria RB, Monteiro MS, Maciel AA, Brito GA, Lima AA, Guerrant RL. Alanyl-glutamine and glutamine supplementation improves 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal epithelium damage in vitro. Dig Dis Sci 2008, 53:2687-2696. 10.1007/s10620-008-0215-0, 18320312.
    • (2008) Dig Dis Sci , vol.53 , pp. 2687-2696
    • Braga-Neto, M.B.1    Warren, C.A.2    Oria, R.B.3    Monteiro, M.S.4    Maciel, A.A.5    Brito, G.A.6    Lima, A.A.7    Guerrant, R.L.8
  • 44
    • 0036268043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an alanyl-glutamine-based oral rehydration and nutrition therapy solution on electrolyte and water absorption in a rat model of secretory diarrhea induced by cholera toxin
    • 10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00775-X, 12044816
    • Lima AA, Carvalho GH, Figueiredo AA, Gifoni AR, Soares AM, Silva EA, Guerrant RL. Effects of an alanyl-glutamine-based oral rehydration and nutrition therapy solution on electrolyte and water absorption in a rat model of secretory diarrhea induced by cholera toxin. Nutrition 2002, 18:458-462. 10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00775-X, 12044816.
    • (2002) Nutrition , vol.18 , pp. 458-462
    • Lima, A.A.1    Carvalho, G.H.2    Figueiredo, A.A.3    Gifoni, A.R.4    Soares, A.M.5    Silva, E.A.6    Guerrant, R.L.7
  • 46
    • 4944247349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alanyl-glutamine hastens morphologic recovery from 5-fluorouracil-induced mucositis in mice
    • 10.1016/j.nut.2004.06.016, 15474885
    • Carneiro-Filho BA, Oria RB, Wood RK, Brito GA, Fujii J, Obrig T, Lima AA, Guerrant RL. Alanyl-glutamine hastens morphologic recovery from 5-fluorouracil-induced mucositis in mice. Nutrition 2004, 20:934-941. 10.1016/j.nut.2004.06.016, 15474885.
    • (2004) Nutrition , vol.20 , pp. 934-941
    • Carneiro-Filho, B.A.1    Oria, R.B.2    Wood, R.K.3    Brito, G.A.4    Fujii, J.5    Obrig, T.6    Lima, A.A.7    Guerrant, R.L.8
  • 47
    • 52449116546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory mechanism governing the diurnal rhythm of intestinal H+/peptide cotransporter 1 (PEPT1)
    • 10.1152/ajpgi.90317.2008, 18583459
    • Saito H, Terada T, Shimakura J, Katsura T, Inui K. Regulatory mechanism governing the diurnal rhythm of intestinal H+/peptide cotransporter 1 (PEPT1). Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008, 295:G395-G402. 10.1152/ajpgi.90317.2008, 18583459.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.295
    • Saito, H.1    Terada, T.2    Shimakura, J.3    Katsura, T.4    Inui, K.5
  • 48
    • 0017344666 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of four peptide hydrolases from the cytosol of rat intestinal mucosa
    • Schiller CM, Huang TI, Heizer WD. Isolation and characterization of four peptide hydrolases from the cytosol of rat intestinal mucosa. Gastroenterology 1977, 72:93-100.
    • (1977) Gastroenterology , vol.72 , pp. 93-100
    • Schiller, C.M.1    Huang, T.I.2    Heizer, W.D.3
  • 49
    • 0029931758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal immune responses to intestinal bacterial pathogens
    • Bloom PD, Boedeker EC. Mucosal immune responses to intestinal bacterial pathogens. Semin Gastrointest Dis 1996, 7:151-166.
    • (1996) Semin Gastrointest Dis , vol.7 , pp. 151-166
    • Bloom, P.D.1    Boedeker, E.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.