-
1
-
-
0037204196
-
Clinical practice: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
-
Bartlell, J. G. 2002. Clinical practice: antibiotic-associated diarrhea. N. Engl. J. Med. 346:334-339.
-
(2002)
N. Engl. J. Med.
, vol.346
, pp. 334-339
-
-
Bartlell, J.G.1
-
2
-
-
0018882953
-
The use of the avidin-biotin complex as a tool in molecular biology
-
Bayer, E. A., and M. Wilchek. 1980. The use of the avidin-biotin complex as a tool in molecular biology. Methods Biochem. Anal. 26:1-45.
-
(1980)
Methods Biochem. Anal.
, vol.26
, pp. 1-45
-
-
Bayer, E.A.1
Wilchek, M.2
-
3
-
-
0029968687
-
Adenosine inhibits cytokine release and expression of adhesion molecules by activated human endothelial cells
-
Bouma, M. G., F. A. van den Wildenberg, and W. A. Buurman. 1996. Adenosine inhibits cytokine release and expression of adhesion molecules by activated human endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 270:C522-C529.
-
(1996)
Am. J. Physiol.
, vol.270
-
-
Bouma, M.G.1
Van Den Wildenberg, F.A.2
Buurman, W.A.3
-
4
-
-
23044437662
-
Clostridium difficile toxin A induces intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and damage: Role of Gln and Ala-Gln in toxin A effects
-
Brito, G. A., B. A. Carneiro-Filho, R. B. Oriá, R. V. Destora, A. A. Lima, and R. L. Guerrant. 2005. Clostridium difficile toxin A induces intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and damage: role of Gln and Ala-Gln in toxin A effects. Dig. Dis. Sci. 50:1271-1278.
-
(2005)
Dig. Dis. Sci.
, vol.50
, pp. 1271-1278
-
-
Brito, G.A.1
Carneiro-Filho, B.A.2
Oriá, R.B.3
Destora, R.V.4
Lima, A.A.5
Guerrant, R.L.6
-
5
-
-
0037111088
-
Mechanism of Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced apoptosis in T84 cells
-
Brito, G. A., J. Fajji, B. A. Carneiro-Filho, A. A. Lima, T. Obrig, and R. L. Guerrant. 2002. Mechanism of Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced apoptosis in T84 cells. J. Infect. Dis. 186:1438-1447.
-
(2002)
J. Infect. Dis.
, vol.186
, pp. 1438-1447
-
-
Brito, G.A.1
Fajji, J.2
Carneiro-Filho, B.A.3
Lima, A.A.4
Obrig, T.5
Guerrant, R.L.6
-
6
-
-
0036569122
-
Clostridium difficile toxin A alters in vitro-adherent neutrophil morphology and function
-
Brito, G. A., G. W. Sullivan, W. P. Ciesla, Jr., H. T. Carper, G. L. Mandell, and R. L. Guerrant. 2002. Clostridium difficile toxin A alters in vitro-adherent neutrophil morphology and function. J. Infect. Dis. 185:1297-1306.
-
(2002)
J. Infect. Dis.
, vol.185
, pp. 1297-1306
-
-
Brito, G.A.1
Sullivan, G.W.2
Ciesla Jr., W.P.3
Carper, H.T.4
Mandell, G.L.5
Guerrant, R.L.6
-
7
-
-
2642648643
-
Effects of toxin A from Clostridium difficile on mast cell activation and survival
-
Calderou, G. M., J. Torres-Lopez, T. J. Lin, B. Chavez, M. Hernandez, O. Munoz, A. D. Befus, and J. A. Enciso. 1998. Effects of toxin A from Clostridium difficile on mast cell activation and survival. Infect. Immun. 66:2755-2761.
-
(1998)
Infect. Immun.
, vol.66
, pp. 2755-2761
-
-
Calderou, G.M.1
Torres-Lopez, J.2
Lin, T.J.3
Chavez, B.4
Hernandez, M.5
Munoz, O.6
Befus, A.D.7
Enciso, J.A.8
-
8
-
-
0032523213
-
Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor is required in Clostridium difficile-induced entiritis
-
Castaglinolo, I., M. Riegler, A. Pasha, S. Nikulasson, B. La, C. Gerard, N. P. Gerard, and C. Pathoulakis. 1998. Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor is required in Clostridium difficile-induced entiritis. J. Clin. Investig. 101:1547-1550.
-
(1998)
J. Clin. Investig.
, vol.101
, pp. 1547-1550
-
-
Castaglinolo, I.1
Riegler, M.2
Pasha, A.3
Nikulasson, S.4
La, B.5
Gerard, C.6
Gerard, N.P.7
Pathoulakis, C.8
-
9
-
-
0035120798
-
Adenosine deaminase: Functional implications and different classes of inhibitors
-
Cristalli, G., S. Constanzi, C. Lambertucci, G. Lupidi, S. Vittori, R. Volpini, and K. Camaioni. 2001. Adenosine deaminase: functional implications and different classes of inhibitors. Med. Res. Rev. 21:105-128.
-
(2001)
Med. Res. Rev.
, vol.21
, pp. 105-128
-
-
Cristalli, G.1
Constanzi, S.2
Lambertucci, C.3
Lupidi, G.4
Vittori, S.5
Volpini, R.6
Camaioni, K.7
-
10
-
-
0027983055
-
Adenosine, an endogenous anti-inflammatory agent
-
Cronstein, B. N. 1994. Adenosine, an endogenous anti-inflammatory agent. J. Appl. Physiol. 76:5-13.
-
(1994)
J. Appl. Physiol.
, vol.76
, pp. 5-13
-
-
Cronstein, B.N.1
-
11
-
-
0026047280
-
Cytokine response by human monocytes to Clostridium difficile toxin A and toxin B
-
Flegel, W. A., F. Muller, W. Daubener, H. G. Fischer, U. Hadding, and H. Northoff. 1991. Cytokine response by human monocytes to Clostridium difficile toxin A and toxin B. Infect. Immun. 59:3659-3666.
-
(1991)
Infect. Immun.
, vol.59
, pp. 3659-3666
-
-
Flegel, W.A.1
Muller, F.2
Daubener, W.3
Fischer, H.G.4
Hadding, U.5
Northoff, H.6
-
12
-
-
0035209620
-
International Union of Pharmacology. XXV. Nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors
-
Fredholm, B. B., A. P. IJzerman, K. A. Jacobson, K. N. Klotz, and J. Linden. 2001. International Union of Pharmacology. XXV. Nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors. Pharmacol. Rev. 53:527-552.
-
(2001)
Pharmacol. Rev.
, vol.53
, pp. 527-552
-
-
Fredholm, B.B.1
Ijzerman, A.P.2
Jacobson, K.A.3
Klotz, K.N.4
Linden, J.5
-
13
-
-
0034843489
-
Myeloperoxidase and adenosine-deaminase levels in the pleural fluid leakage influenced by carrageenan in the mouse model of pleurisy
-
Frode, T. S., and Y. S. Medeiros. 2001. Myeloperoxidase and adenosine-deaminase levels in the pleural fluid leakage influenced by carrageenan in the mouse model of pleurisy. Mediators Inflamm. 10:223-227.
-
(2001)
Mediators Inflamm.
, vol.10
, pp. 223-227
-
-
Frode, T.S.1
Medeiros, Y.S.2
-
14
-
-
0000900192
-
Adenosine deaminase
-
H. U. Bergmeyer (ed.). Academic Press, Inc., New York, N.Y.
-
Giusti, G. 1974. Adenosine deaminase, p. 1092-1099. In H. U. Bergmeyer (ed.), Methods of enzymatic analysis, vol. 2. Academic Press, Inc., New York, N.Y.
-
(1974)
Methods of Enzymatic Analysis
, vol.2
, pp. 1092-1099
-
-
Giusti, G.1
-
15
-
-
15744362777
-
2A receptor agonist in reperfused canine myocardium
-
2A receptor agonist in reperfused canine myocardium. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 288:111851-111858.
-
(2005)
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
, vol.288
, pp. 111851-111858
-
-
Glover, D.K.1
Riou, L.M.2
Ruiz, M.3
Sullivan, G.W.4
Linden, J.5
Rieger, J.M.6
Macdonald, T.L.7
Watson, D.D.8
Beller, G.A.9
-
16
-
-
0348222661
-
Adenosine: An endogenous regulator of innate immunity
-
Haskó, G., and B. N. Cronstein. 2004. Adenosine: an endogenous regulator of innate immunity. Trends Immunol. 25:33-39.
-
(2004)
Trends Immunol.
, vol.25
, pp. 33-39
-
-
Haskó, G.1
Cronstein, B.N.2
-
17
-
-
0018409825
-
Partial purification of a toxin found in hamsters with antibiotic-associated colitis: Reversible binding of the toxin by cholestyramine
-
Humphrey, C. D., C. W. Condon, J. R. Canley, and F. E. Pittman. 1979. Partial purification of a toxin found in hamsters with antibiotic-associated colitis: reversible binding of the toxin by cholestyramine. Gastroenterology 76:468-476.
-
(1979)
Gastroenterology
, vol.76
, pp. 468-476
-
-
Humphrey, C.D.1
Condon, C.W.2
Canley, J.R.3
Pittman, F.E.4
-
18
-
-
0028316383
-
Neutrophil recruitement in Clostridium difficile toxin A enteritis in the rabbit
-
Kelly, C. P., S. Becker, J. K. Linevsky, M. A. Joshi, J. C. O'Keane, B. F. Dickey, J. T. LaMont, and C. Pothoulakis. 1994. Neutrophil recruitement in Clostridium difficile toxin A enteritis in the rabbit. J. Clin. Investig. 93:1257-1265.
-
(1994)
J. Clin. Investig.
, vol.93
, pp. 1257-1265
-
-
Kelly, C.P.1
Becker, S.2
Linevsky, J.K.3
Joshi, M.A.4
O'Keane, J.C.5
Dickey, B.F.6
Lamont, J.T.7
Pothoulakis, C.8
-
20
-
-
18244390487
-
Myeloperoxidase: Friend and foe
-
Klebanoff, S. J. 2005. Myeloperoxidase: friend and foe. J. Leukoc. Biol. 77:598-625.
-
(2005)
J. Leukoc. Biol.
, vol.77
, pp. 598-625
-
-
Klebanoff, S.J.1
-
21
-
-
0027943207
-
Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced microvascular dysfunction: Role of histamine
-
Kurose, I., C. Pothoulakis, J. T. LaMont, D. C. Anderson, J. C. Paulson, M. Miyasaka, R. Wolf, and D. N. Grangner. 1994. Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced microvascular dysfunction: role of histamine. J. Clin. Investig. 94:1919-1926.
-
(1994)
J. Clin. Investig.
, vol.94
, pp. 1919-1926
-
-
Kurose, I.1
Pothoulakis, C.2
Lamont, J.T.3
Anderson, D.C.4
Paulson, J.C.5
Miyasaka, M.6
Wolf, R.7
Grangner, D.N.8
-
22
-
-
0034628426
-
Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile and serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A
-
Kyne, L., M. Warny, A. Qamar, and C. P. Kelly. 2000. Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile and serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A. N. Engl. J. Med. 342:390-397.
-
(2000)
N. Engl. J. Med.
, vol.342
, pp. 390-397
-
-
Kyne, L.1
Warny, M.2
Qamar, A.3
Kelly, C.P.4
-
24
-
-
0024427674
-
Clostridium difficile toxin A. Interactions with mucus and early sequential histopathologic effects in rabbit small intestine
-
Lima, A. A., D. J. Innes, Jr., K. Chadec, D. M. Lyerly, T. D. Wilkins, and K. L. Guerrant. 1989. Clostridium difficile toxin A. Interactions with mucus and early sequential histopathologic effects in rabbit small intestine. Lab. Investig. 61:419-425.
-
(1989)
Lab. Investig.
, vol.61
, pp. 419-425
-
-
Lima, A.A.1
Innes Jr., D.J.2
Chadec, K.3
Lyerly, D.M.4
Wilkins, T.D.5
Guerrant, K.L.6
-
25
-
-
0023852615
-
Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in rabbit small and large intestine in vivo and on cultured cells in vitro
-
Lima, A. A., D. M. Lyerly, T. D. Wilkins, D. J. Innes, and R. L. Guerrant. 1988. Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in rabbit small and large intestine in vivo and on cultured cells in vitro. Infect. Immun. 56:582-588.
-
(1988)
Infect. Immun.
, vol.56
, pp. 582-588
-
-
Lima, A.A.1
Lyerly, D.M.2
Wilkins, T.D.3
Innes, D.J.4
Guerrant, R.L.5
-
26
-
-
71849104860
-
Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent
-
Lowry, O. H., N. J. Rosenborough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randal. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193:265-275.
-
(1951)
J. Biol. Chem.
, vol.193
, pp. 265-275
-
-
Lowry, O.H.1
Rosenborough, N.J.2
Farr, A.L.3
Randal, R.J.4
-
28
-
-
0020003663
-
Biological activities of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile
-
Lyerly, D. M., D. E. Lockwood, S. H. Richardson, and T. D. Wilkins. 1982. Biological activities of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile. Infect. Immun. 35:1147-1150.
-
(1982)
Infect. Immun.
, vol.35
, pp. 1147-1150
-
-
Lyerly, D.M.1
Lockwood, D.E.2
Richardson, S.H.3
Wilkins, T.D.4
-
29
-
-
0032425435
-
Effect of Clostridium difficile toxin A on human colonic lamina propria cells: Early loss of macrophages followed by T-cell apoptosis
-
Mahida, Y. R., A. Galvin, S. Makh, S. Hyde, L. Sanfilippo, S. P. Borriello, and H. F. Sewell. 1998. Effect of Clostridium difficile toxin A on human colonic lamina propria cells: early loss of macrophages followed by T-cell apoptosis. Infect. Immun. 66:5462-5469.
-
(1998)
Infect. Immun.
, vol.66
, pp. 5462-5469
-
-
Mahida, Y.R.1
Galvin, A.2
Makh, S.3
Hyde, S.4
Sanfilippo, L.5
Borriello, S.P.6
Sewell, H.F.7
-
30
-
-
0029868433
-
Effect of Clostridium difficile toxin A on human intestinal epithelial cells: Induction of interleukin 8 production and apoptosis after cell detachment
-
Mahida, Y. R., S. Makh, S. Hyde, T. Gray, and S. P. Borriello. 1996. Effect of Clostridium difficile toxin A on human intestinal epithelial cells: induction of interleukin 8 production and apoptosis after cell detachment. Gut 38:337-347.
-
(1996)
Gut
, vol.38
, pp. 337-347
-
-
Mahida, Y.R.1
Makh, S.2
Hyde, S.3
Gray, T.4
Borriello, S.P.5
-
31
-
-
12144284570
-
A hospital outbreak of Clostridium difficile disease associated with isolated carrying binary toxin genes
-
McEllistrem, M. C., R. J. Carman, D. N. Gerding, C. W. Genheimer, and L. Zheng. 2005. A hospital outbreak of Clostridium difficile disease associated with isolated carrying binary toxin genes. Clin. Infect. Dis. 40:265-272.
-
(2005)
Clin. Infect. Dis.
, vol.40
, pp. 265-272
-
-
McEllistrem, M.C.1
Carman, R.J.2
Gerding, D.N.3
Genheimer, C.W.4
Zheng, L.5
-
32
-
-
0028122043
-
Properties and functions of interleukin-10
-
Mosmann, T. R. 1994. Properties and functions of interleukin-10. Adv. Immunol. 56:1-26.
-
(1994)
Adv. Immunol.
, vol.56
, pp. 1-26
-
-
Mosmann, T.R.1
-
33
-
-
0041932220
-
DNA microarray analysis reveals a nuclear factor-κB-independent regulation of macrophage function by adenosine
-
Nemeth, Z. H., S. J. Leibovich, E. A. Deitch, E. S. Vizi, C. Szabo, and G. Haskó. 2003. cDNA microarray analysis reveals a nuclear factor-κB-independent regulation of macrophage function by adenosine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 306:1042-1049.
-
(2003)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
, vol.306
, pp. 1042-1049
-
-
Nemeth, Z.H.1
Leibovich, S.J.2
Deitch, E.A.3
Vizi, E.S.4
Szabo, C.5
Haskó, G.6
-
34
-
-
0018250506
-
Adenosine deaminase activity in pleural effusions: An aid to differential diagnosis
-
Piras, M. A., C. Gakis, M. Budroni, and G. Andreoni. 1978. Adenosine deaminase activity in pleural effusions: an aid to differential diagnosis. BMJ 2:1751-1752.
-
(1978)
BMJ
, vol.2
, pp. 1751-1752
-
-
Piras, M.A.1
Gakis, C.2
Budroni, M.3
Andreoni, G.4
-
35
-
-
0023747353
-
Actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase produced by a Clostridium difficile strain
-
Popoff, M. R., E. J. Rubin, D. M. Gill, and P. Boquet. 1988. Actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase produced by a Clostridium difficile strain. Infect. Immun. 56:2299-2306.
-
(1988)
Infect. Immun.
, vol.56
, pp. 2299-2306
-
-
Popoff, M.R.1
Rubin, E.J.2
Gill, D.M.3
Boquet, P.4
-
36
-
-
0028013431
-
CP-96,345, a substance P antagonist, inhibits rat intestinal responses to Clostridium difficile toxin A but not cholera toxin
-
Pothoulakis, C., I. Castagliuolo, J. T. LaMont, A. Jaffer, J. C. O'Keane, R. M. Snider, and S. E. Leeman. 1994. CP-96,345, a substance P antagonist, inhibits rat intestinal responses to Clostridium difficile toxin A but not cholera toxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:947-951.
-
(1994)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
, vol.91
, pp. 947-951
-
-
Pothoulakis, C.1
Castagliuolo, I.2
LaMont, J.T.3
Jaffer, A.4
O'Keane, J.C.5
Snider, R.M.6
Leeman, S.E.7
-
37
-
-
0032390474
-
Nerves and intestinal mast cells modulate responses to enterotoxins
-
Pothoulakis, C., I. Castagliuolo, and J. T. LaMont. 1998. Nerves and intestinal mast cells modulate responses to enterotoxins. News Physiol. Sci. 13:58-63.
-
(1998)
News Physiol. Sci.
, vol.13
, pp. 58-63
-
-
Pothoulakis, C.1
Castagliuolo, I.2
Lamont, J.T.3
-
39
-
-
0031754497
-
Receptors for purines and pyrimidines
-
Ralevic, V., and G. Burnstock. 1998. Receptors for purines and pyrimidines. Pharmacol. Rev. 50:413-492.
-
(1998)
Pharmacol. Rev.
, vol.50
, pp. 413-492
-
-
Ralevic, V.1
Burnstock, G.2
-
40
-
-
0018874613
-
Cecal toxin(s) from guinea pigs with clindamycin-associated colitis, neutralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin
-
Rehg, J. E. 1980. Cecal toxin(s) from guinea pigs with clindamycin-associated colitis, neutralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin. Infect. Immun. 27:387-390.
-
(1980)
Infect. Immun.
, vol.27
, pp. 387-390
-
-
Rehg, J.E.1
-
41
-
-
0030987740
-
Clostridium difficile toxin A induces the release of neutrophil chemotactic factors from rat peritoneal macrophages: Role of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and leukotrienes
-
Rocha, M. F., M. E. Maia, L. R. Bezerra, D. M. Lyerly, R. L. Guerrant, R. A. Ribeiro, and A. A. Lima. 1997. Clostridium difficile toxin A induces the release of neutrophil chemotactic factors from rat peritoneal macrophages: role of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and leukotrienes. Infect. Immun. 65:2740-2746.
-
(1997)
Infect. Immun.
, vol.65
, pp. 2740-2746
-
-
Rocha, M.F.1
Maia, M.E.2
Bezerra, L.R.3
Lyerly, D.M.4
Guerrant, R.L.5
Ribeiro, R.A.6
Lima, A.A.7
-
42
-
-
0037288107
-
Correlation of serum levels of adenosine deaminase activity and its isoenzymes with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis
-
Sari, R. A., S. Taysi, O. Yilmaz, and N. Bakan. 2003. Correlation of serum levels of adenosine deaminase activity and its isoenzymes with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 21:87-90.
-
(2003)
Clin. Exp. Rheumatol.
, vol.21
, pp. 87-90
-
-
Sari, R.A.1
Taysi, S.2
Yilmaz, O.3
Bakan, N.4
-
43
-
-
15544364759
-
Monocytes are highly sensitive to Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death
-
Solomon, K., J. Webb, N. Ali, R. A. Robins, and Y. R. Mahida. 2005. Monocytes are highly sensitive to Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death. Infect. Immun. 73:1625-1634.
-
(2005)
Infect. Immun.
, vol.73
, pp. 1625-1634
-
-
Solomon, K.1
Webb, J.2
Ali, N.3
Robins, R.A.4
Mahida, Y.R.5
-
44
-
-
0142179300
-
Decreased gastric tone and delayed gastric emptying precede neutrophil infiltration and mucosal lesion formation in indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats
-
Souza, M. H., L. E. Troncon, F. Q. Cunha, and R. B. Oliveira. 2003. Decreased gastric tone and delayed gastric emptying precede neutrophil infiltration and mucosal lesion formation in indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 36:1383-1390.
-
(2003)
Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res.
, vol.36
, pp. 1383-1390
-
-
Souza, M.H.1
Troncon, L.E.2
Cunha, F.Q.3
Oliveira, R.B.4
|