Functional consequences of abnormal Cx43 expression in the heart

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes

Volumn 1818, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 2020-2029

  Fontes, Magda S C ^a   Van Veen, Toon A B ^a   De Bakker, Jacques M T ^a,b   Van Rijen, Harold V M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^b ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Arrhythmia; Conduction velocity; Connexin43; Fibrosis; Heterogeneity

Indexed keywords

APOCYNIN; ATORVASTATIN; CONNEXIN 43; DILTIAZEM; ESTROGEN; GAP 26; LOSARTAN; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; OXIDOREDUCTASE; PEPTIDE DERIVATIVE; ROTIGAPTIDE; SOTALOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNSATURATED FATTY ACID;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ARTICLE; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; CELL MEMBRANE TRANSPORT; CHRONIC DISEASE; CONGESTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG MECHANISM; GAP JUNCTION; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART CONDUCTION; HEART ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HEART FAILURE; HEART FUNCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART MUSCLE CONDUCTION DISTURBANCE; HEART MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; HEART MUSCLE FIBROSIS; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART VENTRICLE TACHYCARDIA; HUMAN; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; ION THERAPY; ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REPERFUSION INJURY;

ANIMALS; ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC; CARDIOMYOPATHIES; CARDIOMYOPATHY, DILATED; CARDIOMYOPATHY, HYPERTROPHIC; CONNEXIN 43; FIBROSIS; GAP JUNCTIONS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HEART; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; MYOCARDIUM;

EID: 84861583863     PISSN: 00052736     EISSN: 18792642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.07.039     Document Type: Article

References (136)

1. D. Gros, T. Jarry-Guichard, I. Ten Velde, A. de Mazière, M.J. van Kempen, J. Davoust, J.P. Briand, A.F. Moorman, and H.J. Jongsma Restricted distribution of connexin40, a gap junctional protein, in mammalian heart Circ. Res. 74 1994 839 851
2. B. Delorme, E. Dahl, T. Jarry-Guichard, I. Marics, J.P. Briand, K. Willecke, D. Gros, and M. Theveniau-Ruissy Developmental regulation of connexin 40 gene expression in mouse heart correlates with the differentiation of the conduction system Dev. Dyn. 204 1995 358 371
3. B. Delorme, E. Dahl, T. Jarry-Guichard, J.P. Briand, K. Willecke, D. Gros, and M. Theveniau-Ruissy Expression pattern of connexin gene products at the early developmental stages of the mouse cardiovascular system Circ. Res. 81 1997 423 437
4. L. Miquerol, S. Meysen, M. Mangoni, P. Bois, H.V. van Rijen, P. Abran, H.J. Jongsma, J. Nargeot, and D. Gros Architectural and functional asymmetry of the His-Purkinje system of the murine heart Cardiovasc. Res. 63 2004 77 86
5. T.A. van Veen, H.V. van Rijen, M.J. van Kempen, L. Miquerol, T. Opthof, D. Gros, M.A. Vos, H.J. Jongsma, and J.M. de Bakker Discontinuous conduction in mouse bundle branches is caused by bundle architecture Circulation 112 2005 2235 2244
6. L.M. Davis, M.E. Rodefeld, K. Green, E.C. Beyer, and J.E. Saffitz Gap junction protein phenotypes of the human heart and conduction system J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 6 1995 813 822
7. E.C. Beyer, D.L. Paul, and D.A. Goodenough Connexin43: a protein from rat heart homologous to a gap junction protein from liver J. Cell Biol. 105 1987 2621 2629
8. E.C. Beyer, J. Kistler, D.L. Paul, and D.A. Goodenough Antisera directed against connexin43 peptides react with a 43-kD protein localized to gap junctions in myocardium and other tissues J. Cell Biol. 108 1989 595 605
9. S.B. Yancey, S.A. John, R. Lal, B.J. Austin, and J.P. Revel The 43-kD polypeptide of heart gap junctions: immunolocalization, topology, and functional domains J. Cell Biol. 108 1989 2241 2254
10. H.L. Kanter, J.E. Saffitz, and E.C. Beyer Cardiac myocytes express multiple gap junction proteins Circ. Res. 70 1992 438 444
11. R.G. Gourdie, C.R. Green, and N.J. Severs Gap junction distribution in adult mammalian myocardium revealed by an anti-peptide antibody and laser scanning confocal microscopy J. Cell Sci. 99 Pt 1 1991 41 55
12. M.J. van Kempen, C. Fromaget, D. Gros, A.F. Moorman, and W.H. Lamers Spatial distribution of connexin43, the major cardiac gap junction protein, in the developing and adult rat heart Circ. Res. 68 1991 1638 1651
13. C. Fromaget, A. El Auomari, and D. Gros Distribution pattern of connexin43, a gap junctional protein, during the differentiation of mouse heart myocytes Differentiation 51 1992 9 20
14. C.K. Manjunath, and E. Page Cell biology and protein composition of cardiac gap junctions Am. J. Physiol. 248 1985 H783 H791
15. S.R. Coppen, E. Dupont, S. Rothery, and N.J. Severs Connexin45 expression is preferentially associated with the ventricular conduction system in mouse and rat heart Circ. Res. 82 1998 232 243
16. S.R. Coppen, I. Kodama, M.R. Boyett, H. Dobrzynski, Y. Takagishi, H. Honjo, H.I. Yeh, and N.J. Severs Connexin45, a major connexin of the rabbit sinoatrial node, is co-expressed with connexin43 in a restricted zone at the nodal-crista terminalis border J. Histochem. Cytochem. 47 1999 907 918
17. H. Honjo, M.R. Boyett, S.R. Coppen, Y. Takagishi, T. Opthof, N.J. Severs, and I. Kodama Heterogeneous expression of connexins in rabbit sinoatrial node cells: correlation between connexin isotype and cell size Cardiovasc. Res. 53 2002 89 96
18. E.E. Verheijck, M.J. van Kempen, M. Veereschild, J. Lurvink, H.J. Jongsma, and L.N. Bouman Electrophysiological features of the mouse sinoatrial node in relation to connexin distribution Cardiovasc. Res. 52 2001 40 50
19. N.J. Severs Gap junction shape and orientation at the cardiac intercalated disk Circ. Res. 65 1989 1458 1462
20. R.H. Hoyt, M.L. Cohen, and J.E. Saffitz Distribution and three-dimensional structure of intercellular junctions in canine myocardium Circ. Res. 64 1989 563 574
21. R. Sepp, N.J. Severs, and R.G. Gourdie Altered patterns of intercellular junction distribution in human patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Heart 76 1996 412 417
22. E.A. Luque, R.D. Veenstra, E.C. Beyer, and L.F. Lemanski Localization and distribution of gap junctions in normal and cardiomyopathic hamster heart J. Morphol. 222 1994 203 213
23. M.S. Spach, W.T. Miller III, D.B. Geselowitz, R.C. Barr, J.M. Kootsey, and E.A. Johnson The discontinuous nature of propagation in normal canine cardiac muscle. Evidence for recurrent discontinuities of intracellular resistance that affect the membrane currents Circ. Res. 48 1981 39 54
24. J.E. Saffitz, H.L. Kanter, K.G. Green, T.K. Tolley, and E.C. Beyer Tissue-specific determinants of anisotropic conduction velocity in canine atrial and ventricular myocardium Circ. Res. 74 1994 1065 1070
25. B.H. Lorell, and B.A. Carabello Left ventricular hypertrophy: pathogenesis, detection, and prognosis Circulation 102 2000 470 479
26. W. Grossman, D. Jones, and L.P. McLaurin Wall stress and patterns of hypertrophy in the human left ventricle J. Clin. Invest. 56 1975 56 64
27. D.J. Lips, L.J. deWindt, D.J. van Kraaij, and P.A. Doevendans Molecular determinants of myocardial hypertrophy and failure: alternative pathways for beneficial and maladaptive hypertrophy Eur. Heart J. 24 2003 883 896
28. N. Frey, and E.N. Olson Cardiac hypertrophy: the good, the bad, and the ugly Annu. Rev. Physiol. 65 2003 45 79
29. W.G. Stevenson, and M.O. Sweeney Arrhythmias and sudden death in heart failure Jpn. Circ. J. 61 1997 727 740
30. D.P. Zipes, and H.J. Wellens Sudden cardiac death Circulation 98 1998 2334 2351
31. D. Levy, R.J. Garrison, D.D. Savage, W.B. Kannel, and W.P. Castelli Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study N. Engl. J. Med. 322 1990 1561 1566
32. D. Levy, S. Kenchaiah, M.G. Larson, E.J. Benjamin, M.J. Kupka, K.K. Ho, J.M. Murabito, and R.S. Vasan Long-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure N. Engl. J. Med. 347 2002 1397 1402
33. J.K. Ghali, S. Kadakia, R.S. Cooper, and Y.L. Liao Impact of left ventricular hypertrophy on ventricular arrhythmias in the absence of coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 17 1991 1277 1282
34. H.V. van Rijen, T.A. van Veen, D. Gros, R. Wilders, and J.M. de Bakker Connexins and cardiac arrhythmias Adv. Cardiol. 42 2006 150 160
35. M. Stein, M. Boulaksil, M.A. Engelen, T.A. van Veen, R.N. Hauer, J.M. de Bakker, and H.V. van Rijen Conduction reserve and arrhythmias Neth. Heart J 14 2006 113 116
36. H.V. van Rijen, J.M. de Bakker, and T.A. van Veen Hypoxia, electrical uncoupling, and conduction slowing: role of conduction reserve Cardiovasc. Res. 66 2005 9 11
37. J.A. Jansen, T.A. van Veen, J.M. de Bakker, and H.V. van Rijen Cardiac connexins and impulse propagation J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 48 2010 76 82
38. M. Noorman, M.A. van der Heyden, T.A. van Veen, M.G. Cox, R.N. Hauer, J.M. de Bakker, and H.V. van Rijen Cardiac cell-cell junctions in health and disease: electrical versus mechanical coupling J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 47 2009 23 31
39. A.A. van Veen, H.V. van Rijen, and T. Opthof Cardiac gap junction channels: modulation of expression and channel properties Cardiovasc. Res. 51 2001 217 229
40. G.R. Mines On dynamic equilibrium in the heart J. Physiol. 46 1913 349 383
41. N. Wiener, and A. Rosenblueth The mathematical formulation of the problem of conduction of impulses in a netword of connected excitable elements, specifically in cardiac muscle Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Mex. 16 1946 205 265
42. H.V. van Rijen, D. Eckardt, J. Degen, M. Theis, T. Ott, K. Willecke, H.J. Jongsma, T. Opthof, and J.M. de Bakker Slow conduction and enhanced anisotropy increase the propensity for ventricular tachyarrhythmias in adult mice with induced deletion of connexin43 Circulation 109 2004 1048 1055
43. P.L. Rensma, M.A. Allessie, W.J. Lammers, F.I. Bonke, and M.J. Schalij Length of excitation wave and susceptibility to reentrant atrial arrhythmias in normal conscious dogs Circ. Res. 62 1988 395 410
44. H.J. Jongsma, and R. Wilders Gap junctions in cardiovascular disease Circ. Res. 86 2000 1193 1197
45. B.C. Eloff, D.L. Lerner, K.A. Yamada, R.B. Schuessler, J.E. Saffitz, and D.S. Rosenbaum High resolution optical mapping reveals conduction slowing in connexin43 deficient mice Cardiovasc. Res. 51 2001 681 690
46. P.A. Guerrero, R.B. Schuessler, E.C. Beyer, and J.E. Saffitz Mice heterozygous for a Cx43 null mutation exhibit a cardiac conduction defect Circulation 94 Suppl.1 1996 8
47. P.A. Guerrero, R.B. Schuessler, L.M. Davis, E.C. Beyer, C.M. Johnson, K.A. Yamada, and J.E. Saffitz Slow ventricular conduction in mice heterozygous for a connexin43 null mutation J. Clin. Invest. 99 1997 1991 1998
48. S.A. Thomas, R.B. Schuessler, C.I. Berul, M.A. Beardslee, E.C. Beyer, M.E. Mendelsohn, and J.E. Saffitz Disparate effects of deficient expression of connexin43 on atrial and ventricular conduction: evidence for chamber-specific molecular determinants of conduction Circulation 97 1998 686 691
49. G.E. Morley, D. Vaidya, F.H. Samie, C. Lo, M. Delmar, and J. Jalife Characterization of conduction in the ventricles of normal and heterozygous Cx43 knockout mice using optical mapping J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 10 1999 1361 1375
50. D.E. Gutstein, G.E. Morley, H. Tamaddon, D. Vaidya, M.D. Schneider, J. Chen, K.R. Chien, H. Stuhlmann, and G.I. Fishman Conduction slowing and sudden arrhythmic death in mice with cardiac-restricted inactivation of connexin43 Circ. Res. 88 2001 333 339
51. S. de Jong, T.A. van Veen, H.V. van Rijen, and J.M. de Bakker Fibrosis and cardiac arrhythmias J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 57 2010 630 638
52. S.R. Ommen, and R.A. Nishimura Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Curr. Probl. Cardiol. 29 2004 239 291
53. S. Kostin, S. Dammer, S. Hein, W.P. Klovekorn, E.P. Bauer, and J. Schaper Connexin 43 expression and distribution in compensated and decompensated cardiac hypertrophy in patients with aortic stenosis Cardiovasc. Res. 62 2004 426 436
54. A. Salameh, S. Krautblatter, S. Karl, K. Blanke, D.R. Gomez, S. Dhein, D. Pfeiffer, and J. Janousek The signal transduction cascade regulating the expression of the gap junction protein connexin43 by beta-adrenoceptors Br. J. Pharmacol. 158 2009 198 208
55. N.S. Peters, C.R. Green, P.A. Poole-Wilson, and N.J. Severs Reduced content of connexin43 gap junctions in ventricular myocardium from hypertrophied and ischemic human hearts Circulation 88 1993 864 875
56. A. Sanbe, J. James, V. Tuzcu, S. Nas, L. Martin, J. Gulick, H. Osinska, S. Sakthivel, R. Klevitsky, K.S. Ginsburg, D.M. Bers, B. Zinman, E.G. Lakatta, and J. Robbins Transgenic rabbit model for human troponin I-based hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Circulation 111 2005 2330 2338
57. C.M. Ripplinger, W. Li, J. Hadley, J. Chen, F. Rothenberg, R. Lombardi, S.A. Wickline, A.J. Marian, and I.R. Efimov Enhanced transmural fiber rotation and connexin 43 heterogeneity are associated with an increased upper limit of vulnerability in a transgenic rabbit model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Circ. Res. 101 2007 1049 1057
58. X. Wang, and A.M. Gerdes Chronic pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy and failure in guinea pigs: III. Intercalated disc remodeling J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 31 1999 333 343
59. M. Uzzaman, H. Honjo, Y. Takagishi, L. Emdad, A.I. Magee, N.J. Severs, and I. Kodama Remodeling of gap junctional coupling in hypertrophied right ventricles of rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension Circ. Res. 86 2000 871 878
60. L. Emdad, M. Uzzaman, Y. Takagishi, H. Honjo, T. Uchida, N.J. Severs, I. Kodama, and Y. Murata Gap junction remodeling in hypertrophied left ventricles of aortic-banded rats: prevention by angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 33 2001 219 231
61. C. Sasano, H. Honjo, Y. Takagishi, M. Uzzaman, L. Emdad, A. Shimizu, Y. Murata, K. Kamiya, and I. Kodama Internalization and dephosphorylation of connexin43 in hypertrophied right ventricles of rats with pulmonary hypertension Circ. J. 71 2007 382 389
62. H. Jin, E.R. Chemaly, A. Lee, C. Kho, L. Hadri, R.J. Hajjar, and F.G. Akar Mechanoelectrical remodeling and arrhythmias during progression of hypertrophy FASEB J. 24 2010 451 463
63. A.M. Katz Heart Failure: Pathophysiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Management 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia
64. E. Dupont, T. Matsushita, R.A. Kaba, C. Vozzi, S.R. Coppen, N. Khan, R. Kaprielian, M.H. Yacoub, and N.J. Severs Altered connexin expression in human congestive heart failure J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 33 2001 359 371
65. S. Kostin, M. Rieger, S. Dammer, S. Hein, M. Richter, W.P. Klovekorn, E.P. Bauer, and J. Schaper Gap junction remodeling and altered connexin43 expression in the failing human heart Mol. Cell. Biochem. 242 2003 135 144
66. X. Chen, and Y. Zhang Myocardial Cx43 expression in the cases of sudden death due to dilated cardiomyopathy Forensic Sci. Int. 162 2006 170 173
67. H. Kitamura, Y. Ohnishi, A. Yoshida, K. Okajima, H. Azumi, A. Ishida, E.J. Galeano, S. Kubo, Y. Hayashi, H. Itoh, and M. Yokoyama Heterogeneous loss of connexin43 protein in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy with ventricular tachycardia J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 13 2002 865 870
68. H. Kitamura, A. Yoshida, Y. Ohnishi, K. Okajima, A. Ishida, E.J. Galeano, S. Kubo, K. Fukuzawa, T. Takano, and M. Yokoyama Correlation of connexin43 expression and late ventricular potentials in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy Circ. J. 67 2003 1017 1021
69. F.G. Akar, D.D. Spragg, R.S. Tunin, D.A. Kass, and G.F. Tomaselli Mechanisms underlying conduction slowing and arrhythmogenesis in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy Circ. Res. 95 2004 717 725
70. F.G. Akar, R.C. Wu, G.J. Juang, Y. Tian, M. Burysek, D. Disilvestre, W. Xiong, A.A. Armoundas, and G.F. Tomaselli Molecular mechanisms underlying K+ current downregulation in canine tachycardia-induced heart failure Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 288 2005 H2887 H2896
71. S. Kääb, H.B. Nuss, N. Chiamvimomvat, B. O'Rourke, P.H. Pak, D.A. Kass, E. Marban, and G.F. Tomaselli Ionic mechanism of action potential prolongation in ventricular myocytes from dogs with pacing-induced heart failure Circ. Res. 78 1996 262 273
72. R.F. Wiegerinck, A.O. Verkerk, C.N. Belterman, T.A. van Veen, A. Baartscheer, T. Opthof, R. Wilders, J.M. de Bakker, and R. Coronel Larger cell size in rabbits with heart failure increases myocardial conduction velocity and QRS duration Circulation 113 2006 806 813
73. S. Poelzing, F.G. Akar, E. Baron, and D.S. Rosenbaum Heterogeneous connexin43 expression produces electrophysiological heterogeneities across ventricular wall Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 286 2004 H2001 H2009
74. S. Poelzing, and D.S. Rosenbaum Altered connexin43 expression produces arrhythmia substrate in heart failure Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 287 2004 H1762 H1770
75. F.G. Akar, R.D. Nass, S. Hahn, E. Cingolani, M. Shah, G.G. Hesketh, D. DiSilvestre, R.S. Tunin, D.A. Kass, and G.F. Tomaselli Dynamic changes in conduction velocity and gap junction properties during development of pacing-induced heart failure Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 293 2007 H1223 H1230
76. J.A. Jansen, A.A. van Veen, A.A. Bosch, R. van der Nagel, M.A. Vos, J.M. de Bakker, and H.V. van Rijen Arrhythmia vulnerability of aged haploinsufficient Cx43 mice is determined by heterogeneous downregulation of Cx43 combined with increased fibrosis Circulation 118 2008 S494
77. T.A. van Veen, H.V. van Rijen, R.F. Wiegerinck, T. Opthof, M.C. Colbert, S. Clement, J.M. de Bakker, and H.J. Jongsma Remodeling of gap junctions in mouse hearts hypertrophied by forced retinoic acid signaling J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 34 2002 1411 1423
78. D.G. Hall, G.E. Morley, D. Vaidya, M. Ard, T.R. Kimball, S.A. Witt, and M.C. Colbert Early onset heart failure in transgenic mice with dilated cardiomyopathy Pediatr. Res. 48 2000 36 42
79. M. Boulaksil, M. Noorman, M.A. Engelen, T.A. van Veen, M.A. Vos, J.M. de Bakker, and H.V. van Rijen Longitudinal arrhythmogenic remodelling in a mouse model of longstanding pressure overload Neth. Heart J. 18 2010 509 515
80. L. Formigli, L. Ibba-Manneschi, A.M. Perna, A. Pacini, L. Polidori, C. Nediani, P.A. Modesti, D. Nosi, A. Tani, A. Celli, G.G. Neri-Serneri, F. Quercioli, and S. Zecchi-Orlandini Altered Cx43 expression during myocardial adaptation to acute and chronic volume overloading Histol. Histopathol. 18 2003 359 369
81. S.M. Goldfine, B. Walcott, P.R. Brink, N.M. Magid, and J.S. Borer Myocardial connexin43 expression in left ventricular hypertrophy resulting from aortic regurgitation Cardiovasc. Pathol. 8 1999 1 6
82. A. Salameh, C. Frenzel, A. Boldt, B. Rassler, I. Glawe, J. Schulte, K. Muhlberg, H.G. Zimmer, D. Pfeiffer, and S. Dhein Subchronic alpha- and beta-adrenergic regulation of cardiac gap junction protein expression FASEB J. 20 2006 365 367
83. T.P. de Boer, H.V. van Rijen, M.A. van der Heyden, B. Kok, T. Opthof, M.A. Vos, H.J. Jongsma, J.M. de Bakker, and T.A. van Veen Beta-, not alpha-adrenergic stimulation enhances conduction velocity in cultures of neonatal cardiomyocytes Circ. J. 71 2007 973 981
84. P.C. Ursell, P.I. Gardner, A. Albala, J.J. Fenoglio, and A.L. Wit Structural and electophysiological changes in the epicardial border zone of canine myocardial infarcts during infarct healing Circ. Res. 56 1985 436 451
85. J.H. Smith, C.R. Green, N.S. Peters, S. Rothery, and N.J. Severs Altered patterns of gap junction distribution in ischemic heart disease. An immunohistochemical study of human myocardium using laser scanning confocal microscopy Am. J. Pathol. 139 1991 801 821
86. J.M. de Bakker, F.J. van Capelle, M.J. Janse, S. Tasseron, J.T. Vermeulen, N. de Jonge, and J.R. Lahpor Slow conduction in the infarcted human heart. 'Zigzag' course of activation Circulation 88 1993 915 926
87. X.D. Huang, G.E. Sandusky, and D.P. Zipes Heterogeneous loss of connexin43 protein in ischemic dog hearts J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 10 1999 79 91
88. E.E. Tansey, K.F. Kwaku, P.E. Hammer, D.B. Cowan, M. Federman, S. Levitsky, and J.D. McCully Reduction and redistribution of gap and adherens junction proteins after ischemia and reperfusion Ann. Thorac. Surg. 82 2006 1472 1479
89. A.G. Kleber, C.B. Riegger, and M.J. Janse Electrical uncoupling and increase of extracellular resistance after induction of ischemia in isolated, arterially perfused rabbit papillary muscle Circ. Res. 61 1987 271 279
90. M.A. Beardslee, D.L. Lerner, P.N. Tadros, J.G. Laing, E.C. Beyer, K.A. Yamada, A.G. Kleber, R.B. Schuessler, and J.E. Saffitz Dephosphorylation and intracellular redistribution of ventricular connexin43 during electrical uncoupling induced by ischemia Circ. Res. 87 2000 656 662
91. C. de Diego, R.K. Pai, F. Chen, L.H. Xie, J. De Leeuw, J.N. Weiss, and M. Valderrabano Electrophysiological consequences of acute regional ischemia/reperfusion in neonatal rat ventricular myocyte monolayers Circulation 118 2008 2330 2337
92. L.N. Axelsen, M. Stahlhut, S. Mohammed, B.D. Larsen, M.S. Nielsen, N.H. Holstein-Rathlou, S. Andersen, O.N. Jensen, J.K. Hennan, and A.L. Kjolbye Identification of ischemia-regulated phosphorylation sites in connexin43: a possible target for the antiarrhythmic peptide analogue rotigaptide (ZP123) J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 40 2006 790 798
93. P.D. Lampe, C.D. Cooper, T.J. King, and J.M. Burt Analysis of Connexin43 phosphorylated at S325, S328 and S330 in normoxic and ischemic heart J. Cell Sci. 119 2006 3435 3442
94. J.L. Solan, L. Marquez-Rosado, P.L. Sorgen, P.J. Thornton, P.R. Gafken, and P.D. Lampe Phosphorylation at S365 is a gatekeeper event that changes the structure of Cx43 and prevents down-regulation by PKC J. Cell Biol. 179 2007 1301 1309
95. N.J. Severs Gap junction alterations in the failing heart Eur. Heart J. 15 Suppl D 1994 53 57
96. R.A. Luke, and J.E. Saffitz Remodeling of ventricular conduction pathways in healed canine infarct border zones J. Clin. Invest. 87 1991 1594 1602
97. J. Pu, and P.A. Boyden Alterations of Na+ currents in myocytes from epicardial border zone of the infarcted heart. A possible ionic mechanism for reduced excitability and postrepolarization refractoriness Circ. Res. 81 1997 110 119
98. P. Whittaker, D.R. Boughner, and R.A. Kloner Analysis of healing after myocardial infarction using polarized light microscopy Am. J. Pathol. 134 1989 879 893
99. J.A. Yao, W. Hussain, P. Patel, N.S. Peters, P.A. Boyden, and A.L. Wit Remodeling of gap junctional channel function in epicardial border zone of healing canine infarcts Circ. Res. 92 2003 437 443
100. S.M. Dillon, M.A. Allessie, P.C. Ursell, and A.L. Wit Influences of anisotropic tissue structure on reentrant circuits in the epicardial border zone of subacute canine infarcts Circ. Res. 63 1988 182 206
101. N.S. Peters, J. Coromilas, N.J. Severs, and A.L. Wit Disturbed Connexin43 gap junction distribution correlates with the location of reentrant circuits in the epicardial border zone of healing canine infarcts that cause ventricular tachycardia Circulation 95 1997 988 996
102. C. Cabo, J. Yao, P.A. Boyden, S. Chen, W. Hussain, H.S. Duffy, E.J. Ciaccio, N.S. Peters, and A.L. Wit Heterogeneous gap junction remodeling in reentrant circuits in the epicardial border zone of the healing canine infarct Cardiovasc. Res. 72 2006 241 249
103. S. Baba, W. Dun, C. Cabo, and P.A. Boyden Remodeling in cells from different regions of the reentrant circuit during ventricular tachycardia Circulation 112 2005 2386 2396
104. A.G. Kleber, M.J. Janse, F.J. Wilms-Schopmann, A.A. Wilde, and R. Coronel Changes in conduction velocity during acute ischemia in ventricular myocardium of the isolated porcine heart Circulation 73 1986 189 198
105. T. Matsushita, and T. Takamatsu Ischaemia-induced temporal expression of connexin43 in rat heart Virchows Arch. 431 1997 453 458
106. T. Matsushita, M. Oyamada, K. Fujimoto, Y. Yasuda, S. Masuda, Y. Wada, T. Oka, and T. Takamatsu Remodeling of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions at the border zone of rat myocardial infarcts Circ. Res. 85 1999 1046 1055
107. J. Qu, F.M. Volpicelli, L.I. Garcia, N. Sandeep, J. Zhang, L. Marquez-Rosado, P.D. Lampe, and G.I. Fishman Gap junction remodeling and spironolactone-dependent reverse remodeling in the hypertrophied heart Circ. Res. 104 2009 365 371
108. M. Stein, M. Boulaksil, J.A. Jansen, E. Herold, M. Noorman, J.A. Joles, T.A. van Veen, M.J. Houtman, M.A. Engelen, R.N. Hauer, J.M. de Bakker, and H.V. van Rijen Reduction of fibrosis-related arrhythmias by chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in an aged mouse model Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 299 2010 H310 H321
109. M. Amino, K. Yoshioka, T. Tanabe, E. Tanaka, H. Mori, Y. Furusawa, W. Zareba, M. Yamazaki, H. Nakagawa, H. Honjo, K. Yasui, K. Kamiya, and I. Kodama Heavy ion radiation up-regulates Cx43 and ameliorates arrhythmogenic substrates in hearts after myocardial infarction Cardiovasc. Res. 72 2006 412 421
110. M. Amino, K. Yoshioka, D. Fujibayashi, T. Hashida, Y. Furusawa, W. Zareba, Y. Ikari, E. Tanaka, H. Mori, S. Inokuchi, I. Kodama, and T. Tanabe Year-long upregulation of connexin43 in rabbit hearts by heavy ion irradiation Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 298 2010 H1014 H1021
111. Y. Wang, Q. Wang, Y. Zhao, D. Gong, D. Wang, C. Li, and H. Zhao Protective effects of estrogen against reperfusion arrhythmias following severe myocardial ischemia in rats Circ. J. 74 2010 634 643
112. C.C. Chen, C.C. Lin, and T.M. Lee 17beta-Estradiol decreases vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias by preserving connexin43 protein in infarcted rats Eur. J. Pharmacol. 629 2010 73 81
113. T.M. Lee, M.S. Lin, T.F. Chou, C.H. Tsai, and N.C. Chang Adjunctive 17beta-estradiol administration reduces infarct size by altered expression of canine myocardial connexin43 protein Cardiovasc. Res. 63 2004 109 117
114. S. Matsushita, H. Kurihara, M. Watanabe, T. Okada, T. Sakai, and A. Amano Inhibition of connexin43 dephosphorylation is involved in protective effects of diltiazem on cardiac function during hypoxic injury Histol. Histopathol. 26 2011 315 322
115. Y. Liu, H. Huang, W. Xia, Y. Tang, M. Yuan, Q. Tang, and C. Huang Inhibition of NADPH oxidase up-regulates connexin 43 and ameliorates electrical remodeling in rabbits with heart failure Biomed. Pharmacother. 2010 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.08.007 [Epub ahead of print]
116. Y. Liu, H. Huang, W. Xia, Y. Tang, H. Li, and C. Huang NADPH oxidase inhibition ameliorates cardiac dysfunction in rabbits with heart failure Mol. Cell. Biochem. 343 2010 143 153
117. M. Manoach, N. Tribulova, and I. Imanaga The protective effect of D-sotalol against hypoxia-induced myocardial uncoupling Heart Vessels 11 1996 281 288
118. B.C. Hill, A.J. Hunt, and K.R. Courtney Reentrant tachycardia in a thin layer of ventricular subepicardium: effects of d-sotalol and lidocaine J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 16 1990 871 880
119. M. Mitasikova, S. Smidova, A. Macsaliova, V. Knezl, K. Dlugosova, L. Okruhlicova, P. Weismann, and N. Tribulova Aged male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats benefit from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation Physiol. Res. 57 Suppl 2 2008 S39 S48
120. B. Bacova, J. Radosinska, V. Knezl, L. Kolenova, P. Weismann, J. Navarova, M. Barancik, M. Mitasikova, and N. Tribulova Omega-3 fatty acids and atorvastatin suppress ventricular fibrillation inducibility in hypertriglyceridemic rat hearts: implication of intracellular coupling protein, connexin-43 J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 61 2010 717 723
121. G. Hawat, M. Benderdour, G. Rousseau, and G. Baroudi Connexin 43 mimetic peptide Gap26 confers protection to intact heart against myocardial ischemia injury Pflugers Arch. 460 2010 583 592
122. D. Xing, A.L. Kjolbye, M.S. Nielsen, J.S. Petersen, K.W. Harlow, N.H. Holstein-Rathlou, and J.B. Martins ZP123 increases gap junctional conductance and prevents reentrant ventricular tachycardia during myocardial ischemia in open chest dogs J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 14 2003 510 520
123. J.K. Hennan, R.E. Swillo, G.A. Morgan, J.C. Keith Jr., R.G. Schaub, R.P. Smith, H.S. Feldman, K. Haugan, J. Kantrowitz, P.J. Wang, A. Abu-Qare, J. Butera, B.D. Larsen, and D.L. Crandall Rotigaptide (ZP123) prevents spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias and reduces infarct size during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in open-chest dogs J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 317 2006 236 243
124. E. Macia, E. Dolmatova, C. Cabo, A.Z. Sosinsky, W. Dun, J. Coromilas, E.J. Ciaccio, P.A. Boyden, A.L. Wit, and H.S. Duffy Characterization of gap junction remodeling in epicardial border zone of healing canine infarcts and electrophysiological effects of partial reversal by rotigaptide Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 4 2011 344 351
125. R.F. Wiegerinck, J.M. de Bakker, T. Opthof, N. de Jonge, H. Kirkels, F.J. Wilms-Schopman, and R. Coronel The effect of enhanced gap junctional conductance on ventricular conduction in explanted hearts from patients with heart failure Basic Res. Cardiol. 104 2009 321 332
126. S. Kanno, A. Kovacs, K.A. Yamada, and J.E. Saffitz Connexin43 as a determinant of myocardial infarct size following coronary occlusion in mice J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41 2003 681 686
127. K. Maass, S.E. Chase, X. Lin, and M. Delmar Cx43 CT domain influences infarct size and susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction Cardiovasc. Res. 84 2009 361 367
128. K.A. Prestia, E.A. Sosunov, E.P. Anyukhovsky, E. Dolmatova, C.W. Kelly, P.R. Brink, R.B. Robinson, M.R. Rosen, and H.S. Duffy Increased cell-cell coupling increases infarct size and does not decrease incidence of ventricular tachycardia in mice Front. Physiol. 2 2011 1
129. E.P. Anyukhovsky, E.A. Sosunov, Y.N. Kryukova, K. Prestia, N. Ozgen, M. Rivaud, I.S. Cohen, R.B. Robinson, and M.R. Rosen Expression of skeletal muscle sodium channel (Nav1.4) or connexin32 prevents reperfusion arrhythmias in murine heart Cardiovasc. Res. 89 2011 41 50
130. Y. Zhang, E.M. Kanter, and K.A. Yamada Remodeling of cardiac fibroblasts following myocardial infarction results in increased gap junction intercellular communication Cardiovasc. Pathol. 19 2010 e233 e240
131. C.E. Conrath, R. Wilders, R. Coronel, J.M. de Bakker, P. Taggart, J.R. de Groot, and T. Opthof Intercellular coupling through gap junctions masks M cells in the human heart Cardiovasc. Res. 62 2004 407 414
132. M.J. van Kempen, I. ten Velde, A. Wessels, P.W. Oosthoek, D. Gros, H.J. Jongsma, A.F. Moorman, and W.H. Lamers Differential connexin expression accomodates cardiac function in different species Microsc. Res. Tech. 31 1995 420 436
133. C.M. Ripplinger, W. Li, J. Hadley, J. Chen, F. Rothenberg, R. Lombardi, S.A. Wickline, A.J. Marian, and I.R. Efimov Enhanced transmural fiber rotation and connexin 43 heterogeneity are associated with an increased upper limit of vulnerability in a transgenic rabbit model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Circ. Res. 101 2007 1049 1057
134. N.J. Severs Gap junction alterations in the failing heart Eur. Heart J. 15 Suppl D 1994 53 57
135. E. Macia, E. Dolmatova, C. Cabo, A.Z. Sosinsky, W. Dun, J. Coromilas, E.J. Ciaccio, P.A. Boyden, A.L. Wit, and H.S. Duffy Characterization of gap junction remodeling in epicardial border zone of healing canine infarcts and electrophysiological effects of partial reversal by rotigaptide Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 4 2011 344 351
136. R.F. Wiegerinck, J.M. de Bakker, T. Opthof, N. de Jonge, H. Kirkels, F.J. Wilms-Schopman, and R. Coronel The effect of enhanced gap junctional conductance on ventricular conduction in explanted hearts from patients with heart failure Basic Res. Cardiol. 104 2009 321 332