메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 449-456

Structural changes of the heart during severe sepsis or septic shock

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Edema; Heart failure; Inflammation; Mitochondria; Sepsis

Indexed keywords

CAFFEINE; CASPASE INHIBITOR; CYCLOSPORIN A; GLUTAMINE; SIMVASTATIN; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATING FACTOR;

EID: 84859908124     PISSN: 10732322     EISSN: 15400514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e31824c3238     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (80)

References (135)
  • 1
    • 0026710191 scopus 로고
    • Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine
    • Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 101:1644-1655, 1992.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , pp. 1644-1655
    • Bone, R.C.1    Balk, R.A.2    Cerra, F.B.3    Dellinger, R.P.4    Fein, A.M.5    Knaus, W.A.6    Schein, R.M.7    Sibbald, W.J.8
  • 3
    • 0034958947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care
    • Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, Clermont G, Carcillo J, Pinsky MR: Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 29:1303-1310, 2001. (Pubitemid 32641789)
    • (2001) Critical Care Medicine , vol.29 , Issue.7 , pp. 1303-1310
    • Angus, D.C.1    Linde-Zwirble, W.T.2    Lidicker, J.3    Clermont, G.4    Carcillo, J.5    Pinsky, M.R.6
  • 4
    • 0036892344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review: Myocardial depression in sepsis and septic shock
    • DOI 10.1186/cc1822
    • Court O, Kumar A, Parrillo JE, Kumar A: Clinical review: myocardial depression in sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care 6:500-508, 2002. (Pubitemid 35414581)
    • (2002) Critical Care , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 500-508
    • Court, O.1    Kumar, A.2    Parrillo, J.E.3    Kumar, A.4
  • 5
    • 39149127967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac morphological and functional changes during early septic shock: A transesophageal echocardiographic study
    • Etchecopar-Chevreuil C, Francois B, Clavel M, Pichon N, Gastinne H, Vignon P: Cardiac morphological and functional changes during early septic shock: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. Intensive Care Med 34:250-256, 2008.
    • (2008) Intensive Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 250-256
    • Etchecopar-Chevreuil, C.1    Francois, B.2    Clavel, M.3    Pichon, N.4    Gastinne, H.5    Vignon, P.6
  • 6
    • 0032725134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent preload defect in severe sepsis despite fluid loading: A longitudinal echocardiographic study in patients with septic shock
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.116.5.1354
    • Jardin F, Fourme T, Page B, Loubieres Y, Vieillard-Baron A, Beauchet A, Bourdarias JP: Persistent preload defect in severe sepsis despite fluid loading: a longitudinal echocardiographic study in patients with septic shock. Chest 116:1354-1359, 1999. (Pubitemid 29535992)
    • (1999) Chest , vol.116 , Issue.5 , pp. 1354-1359
    • Jardin, F.1    Fourme, T.2    Page, B.3    Loubieres, Y.4    Vieillard-Baron, A.5    Beauchet, A.6    Bourdarias, J.-P.7
  • 11
    • 0031766341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diastolic filling in human severe sepsis: An echocardiographic study
    • Munt B, Jue J, Gin K, Fenwick J, Tweeddale M: Diastolic filling in human severe sepsis: an echocardiographic study. Crit Care Med 26:1829-1833, 1998. (Pubitemid 28527694)
    • (1998) Critical Care Medicine , vol.26 , Issue.11 , pp. 1829-1833
    • Munt, B.1    Jue, J.2    Gin, K.3    Fenwick, J.4    Tweeddale, M.5
  • 13
    • 0021279377 scopus 로고
    • Profound but reversible myocardial depression in patients with septic shock
    • Parker MM, Shelhamer JH, Bacharach SL, Green MV, Natanson C, Frederick TM, Damske BA, Parrillo JE: Profound but reversible myocardial depression in patients with septic shock. Ann Intern Med 100:483-490, 1984. (Pubitemid 14126735)
    • (1984) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.100 , Issue.4 , pp. 483-490
    • Parker, M.M.1    Shelhamer, J.H.2    Bacharach, S.L.3
  • 14
    • 0022208356 scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular performance in septic shock: Reversible segmental and global abnormalities
    • DOI 10.1016/0002-8703(85)90163-2
    • Ellrodt AG, Riedinger MS, Kimchi A, Berman DS, Maddahi J, Swan HJ, Murata GH: Left ventricular performance in septic shock: reversible segmental and global abnormalities. Am Heart J 110:402-409, 1985. (Pubitemid 16054688)
    • (1985) American Heart Journal , vol.110 , Issue.2 , pp. 402-409
    • Gray Ellrodt, A.1    Riedinger, M.S.2    Kimchi, A.3
  • 15
    • 0025060845 scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular dysfunction and dilatation, similar to left ventricular changes, characterize the cardiac depression of septic shock in humans
    • Parker MM, McCarthy KE, Ognibene FP, Parrillo JE: Right ventricular dysfunction and dilatation, similar to left ventricular changes, characterize the cardiac depression of septic shock in humans. Chest 97:126-131, 1990. (Pubitemid 20023505)
    • (1990) Chest , vol.97 , Issue.1 , pp. 126-131
    • Parker, M.M.1    McCarthy, K.E.2    Ognibene, F.P.3    Parrillo, J.E.4
  • 16
    • 0021747410 scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular performance in septic shock: A combined radionuclide and hemodynamic study
    • Kimchi A, Ellrodt AG, Berman DS, Riedinger MS, Swan HJ, Murata GH: Right ventricular performance in septic shock: a combined radionuclide and hemodynamic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 4:945-951, 1984. (Pubitemid 15206643)
    • (1984) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 945-951
    • Kimchi, A.1    Ellrodt, A.G.2    Berman, D.S.3
  • 17
    • 54049126214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The right ventricle in sepsis
    • ix
    • Chan CM, Klinger JR: The right ventricle in sepsis. Clin Chest Med 29:661-676, ix, 2008.
    • (2008) Clin Chest Med , vol.29 , pp. 661-676
    • Chan, C.M.1    Klinger, J.R.2
  • 18
    • 34249326963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction
    • DOI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000266683.64081.02
    • Rudiger A, Singer M: Mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Crit Care Med 35:1599-1608, 2007. (Pubitemid 46809326)
    • (2007) Critical Care Medicine , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 1599-1608
    • Rudiger, A.1    Singer, M.2
  • 19
    • 34547918870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sepsis and the heart
    • DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678359, PII 0000301720070814000018
    • Merx MW, Weber C: Sepsis and the heart. Circulation 116:793-802, 2007. (Pubitemid 47255997)
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , Issue.7 , pp. 793-802
    • Merx, M.W.1    Weber, C.2
  • 20
    • 34548050165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction
    • DOI 10.1097/01.shk.0000235090.30550.fb, PII 0002438220070900000003
    • Sharma AC: Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. Shock 28:265-269, 2007. (Pubitemid 47282016)
    • (2007) Shock , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 265-269
    • Sharma, A.C.1
  • 21
    • 0034919866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of troponin I in sepsis and septic shock
    • DOI 10.1007/s001340100920
    • Ammann P, Fehr T, Minder EI, Gunter C, Bertel O: Elevation of troponin I in sepsis and septic shock. Intensive Care Med 27:965-969, 2001. (Pubitemid 32662476)
    • (2001) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 965-969
    • Ammann, P.1    Fehr, T.2    Minder, E.3    Gunter, C.4    Bertel, O.5
  • 23
    • 21644464229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increases in serum levels of troponin i are associated with cardiac dysfunction and disease severity in pediatric patients with septic shock
    • Fenton KE, Sable CA, Bell MJ, Patel KM, Berger JT: Increases in serum levels of troponin I are associated with cardiac dysfunction and disease severity in pediatric patients with septic shock. Pediatr Crit Care Med 5:533-538, 2004.
    • (2004) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.5 , pp. 533-538
    • Fenton, K.E.1    Sable, C.A.2    Bell, M.J.3    Patel, K.M.4    Berger, J.T.5
  • 25
    • 33646494316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sepsis-associated myocardial dysfunction: Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides
    • Maeder M, Fehr T, Rickli H, Ammann P: Sepsis-associated myocardial dysfunction: diagnostic and prognostic impact of cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides. Chest 129:1349-1366, 2006.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , pp. 1349-1366
    • Maeder, M.1    Fehr, T.2    Rickli, H.3    Ammann, P.4
  • 26
    • 2442639944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac troponin I predicts myocardial dysfunction and adverse outcome in septic shock
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.02.005, PII S0167527303003413
    • Metha NJ, Khan IA, Gupta V, Jani K, Gowda RM, Smith PR: Cardiac troponin I predicts myocardial dysfunction and adverse outcome in septic shock. Int J Cardiol 95:13-17, 2004. (Pubitemid 38670466)
    • (2004) International Journal of Cardiology , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-17
    • Mehta, N.J.1    Khan, I.A.2    Gupta, V.3    Jani, K.4    Gowda, R.M.5    Smith, P.R.6
  • 27
    • 33845690127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial structural changes in long-term human severe sepsis/septic shock may be responsible for cardiac dysfunction
    • DOI 10.1097/01.shk.0000235141.05528.47, PII 0002438220070100000003
    • Rossi MA, Celes MR, Prado CM, Saggioro FP: Myocardial structural changes in long-term human severe sepsis/septic shock may be responsible for cardiac dysfunction. Shock 27:10-18, 2007. (Pubitemid 44968004)
    • (2007) Shock , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-18
    • Rossi, M.A.1    Celes, M.R.N.2    Prado, C.M.3    Saggioro, F.P.4
  • 28
    • 33645805025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential role of poly(adenosine 5¶-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase activation in the pathogenesis of myocardial contractile dysfunction associated with human septic shock
    • Soriano FG, Nogueira AC, Caldini EG, Lins MH, Teixeira AC, Cappi SB, Lotufo PA, Bernik MM, Zsengeller Z, Chen M, et al.: Potential role of poly(adenosine 5¶-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase activation in the pathogenesis of myocardial contractile dysfunction associated with human septic shock. Crit Care Med 34:1073-1079, 2006.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1073-1079
    • Soriano, F.G.1    Nogueira, A.C.2    Caldini, E.G.3    Lins, M.H.4    Teixeira, A.C.5    Cappi, S.B.6    Lotufo, P.A.7    Bernik, M.M.8    Zsengeller, Z.9    Chen, M.10
  • 30
    • 0032871721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial cell injury in septic shock
    • DOI 10.1097/00003246-199909000-00012
    • Turner A, Tsamitros M, Bellomo R: Myocardial cell injury in septic shock. Crit Care Med 27:1775-1780, 1999. (Pubitemid 29455103)
    • (1999) Critical Care Medicine , vol.27 , Issue.9 , pp. 1775-1780
    • Turner, A.1    Tsamitros, M.2    Bellomo, R.3
  • 31
    • 0034078373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac troponins I and T are biological markers of left ventricular dysfunction in septic shock
    • ver Elst KM, Spapen HD, Nguyen DN, Garbar C, Huyghens LP, Gorus FK: Cardiac troponins I and T are biological markers of left ventricular dysfunction in septic shock. Clin Chem 46:650-657, 2000. (Pubitemid 30318420)
    • (2000) Clinical Chemistry , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 650-657
    • Ver Elst, K.M.1    Spapen, H.D.2    Nguyen, D.N.3    Garbar, C.4    Huyghens, L.P.5    Gorus, F.K.6
  • 32
    • 0034922436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased troponin in patients with sepsis and septic shock: Myocardial necrosis or reversible myocardial depression?
    • DOI 10.1007/s001340100970
    • Wu AH: Increased troponin in patients with sepsis and septic shock: myocardial necrosis or reversible myocardial depression? Intensive Care Med 27:959-961, 2001. (Pubitemid 32662474)
    • (2001) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 959-961
    • Wu, A.H.B.1
  • 33
    • 79251609700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term complications of critical care
    • Desai SV, Law TJ, Needham DM: Long-term complications of critical care. Crit Care Med 39:371-379, 2011.
    • (2011) Crit Care Med , vol.39 , pp. 371-379
    • Desai, S.V.1    Law, T.J.2    Needham, D.M.3
  • 34
    • 76749086132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcomes in patients surviving acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Wilcox ME, Herridge MS: Long-term outcomes in patients surviving acute respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 31:55-65, 2010.
    • (2010) Semin Respir Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 55-65
    • Wilcox, M.E.1    Herridge, M.S.2
  • 37
    • 0006184180 scopus 로고
    • The pathology of secondary shock
    • Moon VH: The pathology of secondary shock. Am J Pathol 24:235-273, 1948.
    • (1948) Am J Pathol , vol.24 , pp. 235-273
    • Moon, V.H.1
  • 38
    • 85047676410 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial metabolic and morphometric changes during canine endotoxin shock before and after glucose-insulin-potassium
    • Bronsveld W, van Lambalgen AA, van Velzen D, van den Bos GC, Koopman PA, Thijs LG: Myocardial metabolic and morphometric changes during canine endotoxin shock before and after glucose-insulin-potassium. Cardiovasc Res 19:455-464, 1985. (Pubitemid 16239455)
    • (1985) Cardiovascular Research , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 455-464
    • Bronsveld, W.1    Van Lambalgen, A.A.2    Van Velzen, D.3
  • 40
    • 0026501540 scopus 로고
    • Loss of microvascular negative charges accompanied by interstitial edema in septic rats' heart
    • Gotloib L, Shostak A, Galdi P, Jaichenko J, Fudin R: Loss of microvascular negative charges accompanied by interstitial edema in septic rats' heart. Circ Shock 36:45-56, 1992.
    • (1992) Circ Shock , vol.36 , pp. 45-56
    • Gotloib, L.1    Shostak, A.2    Galdi, P.3    Jaichenko, J.4    Fudin, R.5
  • 41
    • 0029916978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial morphometric changes related to decreased contractility after endotoxin
    • Goddard CM, Allard MF, Hogg JC, Walley KR: Myocardial morphometric changes related to decreased contractility after endotoxin. Am J Physiol 270:H1446-H1452, 1996.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.270
    • Goddard, C.M.1    Allard, M.F.2    Hogg, J.C.3    Walley, K.R.4
  • 44
    • 0025214103 scopus 로고
    • Histologic and ultrastructural changes in nonpulmonary organs during early hyperdynamic sepsis
    • Hersch M, Gnidec AA, Bersten AD, Troster M, Rutledge FS, Sibbald WJ: Histologic and ultrastructural changes in nonpulmonary organs during early hyperdynamic sepsis. Surgery 107:397-410, 1990. (Pubitemid 20135397)
    • (1990) Surgery , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 397-410
    • Hersch, M.1    Gnidec, A.A.2    Bersten, A.D.3    Troster, M.4    Rutledge, F.S.5    Sibbald, W.J.6
  • 45
    • 0026453362 scopus 로고
    • Hyperdynamic sepsis in baboons: II. Relation of organ damage to severity of sepsis evaluated by a newly developed morphological scoring system
    • Schlag G, Redl H, van Vuuren CJ, Davies J: Hyperdynamic sepsis in baboons: II. Relation of organ damage to severity of sepsis evaluated by a newly developed morphological scoring system. Circ Shock 38:253-263, 1992.
    • (1992) Circ Shock , vol.38 , pp. 253-263
    • Schlag, G.1    Redl, H.2    Van Vuuren, C.J.3    Davies, J.4
  • 46
    • 0016323920 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of cardiac performance, ultrastructural morphology, and mitochondrial function in endotoxemia in the dog
    • Mela L, Hinshaw LB, Coalson JJ: Correlation of cardiac performance, ultrastructural morphology, and mitochondrial function in endotoxemia in the dog. Circ Shock 1:265-272, 1974.
    • (1974) Circ Shock , vol.1 , pp. 265-272
    • Mela, L.1    Hinshaw, L.B.2    Coalson, J.J.3
  • 47
    • 77954343413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial microvascular permeability, interstitial oedema, and compromised cardiac function
    • Dongaonkar RM, Stewart RH, Geissler HJ, Laine GA: Myocardial microvascular permeability, interstitial oedema, and compromised cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res 87:331-339, 2010.
    • (2010) Cardiovasc Res , vol.87 , pp. 331-339
    • Dongaonkar, R.M.1    Stewart, R.H.2    Geissler, H.J.3    Laine, G.A.4
  • 48
    • 1642453774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional cardiac overexpression of endothelin-1 induces inflammation and dilated cardiomyopathy in mice
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000105701.98663.D4
    • Yang LL, Gros R, Kabir MG, Sadi A, Gotlieb AI, Husain M, Stewart DJ: Conditional cardiac overexpression of endothelin-1 induces inflammation and dilated cardiomyopathy in mice. Circulation 109:255-261, 2004. (Pubitemid 38114148)
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , Issue.2 , pp. 255-261
    • Yang, L.L.1    Gros, R.2    Kabir, M.G.3    Sadi, A.4    Gotlieb, A.I.5    Husain, M.6    Stewart, D.J.7
  • 50
    • 4944254828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune cell toll-like receptor 4 is required for cardiac myocyte impairment during endotoxemia
    • DOI 10.1161/01.RES.0000144175.70140.8c
    • Tavener SA, Long EM, Robbins SM, McRae KM, Van Remmen H, Kubes P: Immune cell Toll-like receptor 4 is required for cardiac myocyte impairment during endotoxemia. Circ Res 95:700-707, 2004. (Pubitemid 39331930)
    • (2004) Circulation Research , vol.95 , Issue.7 , pp. 700-707
    • Tavener, S.A.1    Long, E.M.2    Robbins, S.M.3    McRae, K.M.4    Van Remmen, H.5    Kubes, P.6
  • 53
    • 0031629290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of endothelin-1 and adrenomedullin gene expression in the mouse endotoxin shock model
    • Shindo T, Kurihara H, Kurihara Y, Morita H, Yazaki Y: Upregulation of endothelin-1 and adrenomedullin gene expression in the mouse endotoxin shock model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 31(Suppl 1):S541-S544, 1998. (Pubitemid 128710006)
    • (1998) Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology , vol.31 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Shindo, T.1    Kurihara, H.2    Kurihara, Y.3    Morita, H.4    Yazaki, Y.5
  • 57
    • 67649716613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical ventilation during experimental sepsis increases deposition of advanced glycation end products and myocardial inflammation
    • Kneyber MC, Gazendam RP, Niessen HW, Kuiper JW, dos Santos CC, Slutsky AS, Plotz FB: Mechanical ventilation during experimental sepsis increases deposition of advanced glycation end products and myocardial inflammation. Crit Care 13:R87, 2009.
    • (2009) Crit Care , vol.13
    • Kneyber, M.C.1    Gazendam, R.P.2    Niessen, H.W.3    Kuiper, J.W.4    Dos Santos, C.C.5    Slutsky, A.S.6    Plotz, F.B.7
  • 59
    • 0029088742 scopus 로고
    • Advanced glycation endproducts interacting with their endothelial receptor induce expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in cultured human endothelial cells and in mice. A potential mechanism for the accelerated vasculopathy of diabetes
    • Schmidt AM, Hori O, Chen JX, Li JF, Crandall J, Zhang J, Cao R, Yan SD, Brett J, Stern D: Advanced glycation endproducts interacting with their endothelial receptor induce expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in cultured human endothelial cells and in mice. A potential mechanism for the accelerated vasculopathy of diabetes. J Clin Invest 96:1395-1403, 1995.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 1395-1403
    • Schmidt, A.M.1    Hori, O.2    Chen, J.X.3    Li, J.F.4    Crandall, J.5    Zhang, J.6    Cao, R.7    Yan, S.D.8    Brett, J.9    Stern, D.10
  • 60
    • 0034695098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of the receptor for advanced glycation end products and its ligands
    • Schmidt AM, Yan SD, Yan SF, Stern DM: The biology of the receptor for advanced glycation end products and its ligands. Biochim Biophys Acta 1498:99-111, 2000.
    • (2000) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1498 , pp. 99-111
    • Schmidt, A.M.1    Yan, S.D.2    Yan, S.F.3    Stern, D.M.4
  • 61
    • 0030061699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic vasculopathy. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products blocks hyperpermeability in diabetic rats
    • Wautier JL, Zoukourian C, Chappey O, Wautier MP, Guillausseau PJ, Cao R, Hori O, Stern D, Schmidt AM: Receptor-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic vasculopathy. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products blocks hyperpermeability in diabetic rats. J Clin Invest 97:238-243, 1996.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.97 , pp. 238-243
    • Wautier, J.L.1    Zoukourian, C.2    Chappey, O.3    Wautier, M.P.4    Guillausseau, P.J.5    Cao, R.6    Hori, O.7    Stern, D.8    Schmidt, A.M.9
  • 62
    • 0031686952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat on endothelial-derived substances in the critically ill
    • DOI 10.1097/00003246-199810000-00018
    • Boldt J, PapsdorfM, Kumle B, Piper S, Hempelmann G: Influence of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat on endothelial-derived substances in the critically ill. Crit Care Med 26:1663-1670, 1998. (Pubitemid 28467674)
    • (1998) Critical Care Medicine , vol.26 , Issue.10 , pp. 1663-1670
    • Boldt, J.1
  • 63
    • 57349176638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oxidative stress and the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by endotoxemia are prevented by alphalipoic acid
    • Vanasco V, Cimolai MC, Evelson P, Alvarez S: The oxidative stress and the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by endotoxemia are prevented by alphalipoic acid. Free Radic Res 42:815-823, 2008.
    • (2008) Free Radic Res , vol.42 , pp. 815-823
    • Vanasco, V.1    Cimolai, M.C.2    Evelson, P.3    Alvarez, S.4
  • 64
    • 0035008514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of caspase inhibitors on endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction and heart apoptosis
    • Fauvel H, Marchetti P, Chopin C, Formstecher P, Neviere R: Differential effects of caspase inhibitors on endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction and heart apoptosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 280:H1608-H1614, 2001.
    • (2001) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.280
    • Fauvel, H.1    Marchetti, P.2    Chopin, C.3    Formstecher, P.4    Neviere, R.5
  • 66
    • 29744460916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin-induced heart dysfunction in rats: Assessment of myocardial perfusion and permeability and the role of fluid resuscitation
    • DOI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000190622.02222.DF
    • Chagnon F, Bentourkia M, Lecomte R, Lessard M, Lesur O: Endotoxininduced heart dysfunction in rats: assessment of myocardial perfusion and permeability and the role of fluid resuscitation. Crit Care Med 34:127-133, 2006. (Pubitemid 43032389)
    • (2006) Critical Care Medicine , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 127-133
    • Chagnon, F.1    Bentourkia, M.2    Lecomte, R.3    Lessard, M.4    Lesur, O.5
  • 67
    • 0032061232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac contractility and structure are not significantly compromised even during the late, hypodynamic stage of sepsis
    • Zhou M, Wang P, Chaudry IH: Cardiac contractility and structure are not significantly compromised even during the late, hypodynamic stage of sepsis. Shock 9:352-358, 1998. (Pubitemid 128463884)
    • (1998) Shock , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 352-358
    • Zhou, M.1    Wang, P.2    Chaudry, I.H.3
  • 69
    • 0035103292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac functional and structural alterations induced by endotoxin in rats: Importance of platelet-activating factor
    • Iwase M, Yokota M, Kitaichi K, Wang L, Takagi K, Nagasaka T, Izawa H, Hasegawa T: Cardiac functional and structural alterations induced by endotoxin in rats: importance of platelet-activating factor. Crit Care Med 29:609-617, 2001. (Pubitemid 32225305)
    • (2001) Critical Care Medicine , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 609-617
    • Iwase, M.1    Yokota, M.2    Kitaichi, K.3    Wang, L.4    Takagi, K.5    Nagasaka, T.6    Izawa, H.7    Hasegawa, T.8
  • 70
    • 10644281080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction in septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
    • DOI 10.1016/j.mito.2004.07.023, PII S1567724904001618
    • Crouser ED: Mitochondrial dysfunction in septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Mitochondrion 4:729-741, 2004. (Pubitemid 39646818)
    • (2004) Mitochondrion , vol.4 , Issue.SPEC. ISS.5-6 , pp. 729-741
    • Crouser, E.D.1
  • 71
  • 72
    • 42649100331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial mechanisms of sepsis-induced organ failure: Mitochondria in Sepsis
    • Exline MC, Crouser ED: Mitochondrial mechanisms of sepsis-induced organ failure. Front Biosci 13:5030-5041, 2008. (Pubitemid 351599656)
    • (2008) Frontiers in Bioscience , vol.13 , Issue.13 , pp. 5030-5041
    • Exline, M.C.1    Crouser, E.D.2
  • 73
    • 33745212211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with severe sepsis: An EPR interrogation of individual respiratory chain components
    • Svistunenko DA, Davies N, Brealey D, Singer M, Cooper CE: Mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with severe sepsis: an EPR interrogation of individual respiratory chain components. Biochim Biophys Acta 1757:262-272, 2006.
    • (2006) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1757 , pp. 262-272
    • Svistunenko, D.A.1    Davies, N.2    Brealey, D.3    Singer, M.4    Cooper, C.E.5
  • 75
    • 0033126367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired energy metabolism in hearts of septic baboons: Diminished activities of complex i and complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
    • Gellerich FN, Trumbeckaite S, Hertel K, Zierz S, Muller-Werdan U, Werdan K, Redl H, Schlag G: Impaired energy metabolism in hearts of septic baboons: diminished activities of complex I and complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Shock 11:336-341, 1999.
    • (1999) Shock , vol.11 , pp. 336-341
    • Gellerich, F.N.1    Trumbeckaite, S.2    Hertel, K.3    Zierz, S.4    Muller-Werdan, U.5    Werdan, K.6    Redl, H.7    Schlag, G.8
  • 79
    • 4644282833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive and noncompetitive inhibition of myocardial cytochrome c oxidase in sepsis
    • Levy RJ, Vijayasarathy C, Raj NR, Avadhani NG, Deutschman CS: Competitive and noncompetitive inhibition of myocardial cytochrome c oxidase in sepsis. Shock 21:110-114, 2004.
    • (2004) Shock , vol.21 , pp. 110-114
    • Levy, R.J.1    Vijayasarathy, C.2    Raj, N.R.3    Avadhani, N.G.4    Deutschman, C.S.5
  • 81
    • 0014917597 scopus 로고
    • Endotoxemic effect of Escherichia coli on cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria
    • Reed PC, Erve PR, Das Gupta TK, Schumer W: Endotoxemic effect of Escherichia coli on cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria. Surg Forum 21: 13-14, 1970.
    • (1970) Surg Forum , vol.21 , pp. 13-14
    • Reed, P.C.1    Erve, P.R.2    Das Gupta, T.K.3    Schumer, W.4
  • 82
    • 0015121479 scopus 로고
    • Endotoxemic effect on cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria
    • Schumer W, Erve PR, Obernolte RP: Endotoxemic effect on cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria. Surg Gynecol Obstet 133:433-436, 1971.
    • (1971) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.133 , pp. 433-436
    • Schumer, W.1    Erve, P.R.2    Obernolte, R.P.3
  • 83
    • 5444246214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide induces oxidative cardiac mitochondrial damage and biogenesis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.07.005, PII S0008636304003074
    • Suliman HB, Welty-Wolf KE, Carraway M, Tatro L, Piantadosi CA: Lipopolysaccharide induces oxidative cardiac mitochondrial damage and biogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 64:279-288, 2004. (Pubitemid 39361689)
    • (2004) Cardiovascular Research , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 279-288
    • Suliman, H.B.1    Welty-Wolf, K.E.2    Carraway, M.3    Tatro, L.4    Piantadosi, C.A.5
  • 84
    • 0035083570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different sensitivity of rabbit heart and skeletal muscle to endotoxin-induced impairment of mitochondrial function
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02012.x
    • Trumbeckaite S, Opalka JR, Neuhof C, Zierz S, Gellerich FN: Different sensitivity of rabbit heart and skeletal muscle to endotoxin-induced impairment of mitochondrial function. Eur J Biochem 268:1422-1429, 2001. (Pubitemid 32231896)
    • (2001) European Journal of Biochemistry , vol.268 , Issue.5 , pp. 1422-1429
    • Trumbeckaite, S.1    Opalka, J.R.2    Neuhof, C.3    Zierz, S.4    Gellerich, F.N.5
  • 87
    • 33644869495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying LPS-associated myocyte impairment
    • Tavener SA, Kubes P: Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying LPS-associated myocyte impairment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: H800-H806, 2006.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.290
    • Tavener, S.A.1    Kubes, P.2
  • 88
    • 0037350243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukotriene-mediated coronary vasoconstriction and loss of myocardial contractility evoked by low doses of Escherichia coli hemolysin in perfused rat hearts
    • DOI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000050072.69509.06
    • Sibelius U, Grandel U, Buerke M, Kiss L, Klingenberger P, Heep M, Bournelis E, Seeger W, Grimminger F: Leukotriene-mediated coronary vasoconstriction and loss of myocardial contractility evoked by low doses of Escherichia coli hemolysin in perfused rat hearts. Crit Care Med 31:683-688, 2003. (Pubitemid 36379568)
    • (2003) Critical Care Medicine , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 683-688
    • Sibelius, U.1    Grandel, U.2    Buerke, M.3    Kiss, L.4    Klingenberger, P.5    Heep, M.6    Bournelis, E.7    Seeger, W.8    Grimminger, F.9
  • 89
    • 66449110073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin and Escherichia coli hemolysin impair cardiac regional perfusion and contractile function by activating myocardial eicosanoid metabolism in isolated rat hearts
    • Grandel U, Bennemann U, Buerke M, Hattar K, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Sibelius U: Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin and Escherichia coli hemolysin impair cardiac regional perfusion and contractile function by activating myocardial eicosanoid metabolism in isolated rat hearts. Crit Care Med 37:2025-2032, 2009.
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 2025-2032
    • Grandel, U.1    Bennemann, U.2    Buerke, M.3    Hattar, K.4    Seeger, W.5    Grimminger, F.6    Sibelius, U.7
  • 94
    • 68649090703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in heart disease
    • Halestrap AP, Pasdois P: The role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in heart disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1787:1402-1415, 2009.
    • (2009) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1787 , pp. 1402-1415
    • Halestrap, A.P.1    Pasdois, P.2
  • 95
    • 34247115084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac mitochondrial damage and inflammation responses in sepsis
    • DOI 10.1089/sur.2006.033
    • Zang Q, Maass DL, Tsai SJ, Horton JW: Cardiac mitochondrial damage and inflammation responses in sepsis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 8:41-54, 2007. (Pubitemid 46598294)
    • (2007) Surgical Infections , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-54
    • Zang, Q.1    Maass, D.L.2    Tsai, S.J.3    Horton, J.W.4
  • 97
    • 62449251424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death during sepsis: Integration of disintegration in the inflammatory response to overwhelming infection
    • Pinheiro da Silva F, Nizet V: Cell death during sepsis: integration of disintegration in the inflammatory response to overwhelming infection. Apoptosis 14:509-521, 2009.
    • (2009) Apoptosis , vol.14 , pp. 509-521
    • Pinheiro Da Silva, F.1    Nizet, V.2
  • 98
    • 70349787248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is autophagy a double-edged sword for the heart?
    • Gurusamy N, Das DK: Is autophagy a double-edged sword for the heart? Acta Physiol Hung 96:267-276, 2009.
    • (2009) Acta Physiol Hung , vol.96 , pp. 267-276
    • Gurusamy, N.1    Das, D.K.2
  • 99
    • 79957499768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete induction of autophagy is essential for cardioprotection in sepsis
    • Hsieh CH, Pai PY, Hsueh HW, Yuan SS, Hsieh YC: Complete induction of autophagy is essential for cardioprotection in sepsis. Ann Surg 253: 1190-1200, 2011.
    • (2011) Ann Surg , vol.253 , pp. 1190-1200
    • Hsieh, C.H.1    Pai, P.Y.2    Hsueh, H.W.3    Yuan, S.S.4    Hsieh, Y.C.5
  • 100
    • 67650507131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caffeine restores myocardial cytochrome oxidase activity and improves cardiac function during sepsis
    • Verma R, Huang Z, Deutschman CS, Levy RJ: Caffeine restores myocardial cytochrome oxidase activity and improves cardiac function during sepsis. Crit Care Med 37:1397-1402, 2009.
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 1397-1402
    • Verma, R.1    Huang, Z.2    Deutschman, C.S.3    Levy, R.J.4
  • 101
    • 79954624527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine restores myocardial cytochrome c oxidase activity and improves cardiac function during experimental sepsis
    • Groening P, Huang Z, La Gamma EF, Levy RJ: Glutamine restores myocardial cytochrome c oxidase activity and improves cardiac function during experimental sepsis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 35:249-254, 2011.
    • (2011) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.35 , pp. 249-254
    • Groening, P.1    Huang, Z.2    La Gamma, E.F.3    Levy, R.J.4
  • 102
    • 0032528154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin A, but not FK 506, protects mitochondria and neurons against hypoglycemic damage and implicates the mitochondrial permeability transition in cell death
    • Friberg H, Ferrand-Drake M, Bengtsson F, Halestrap AP, Wieloch T: Cyclosporin A, but not FK 506, protects mitochondria and neurons against hypoglycemic damage and implicates the mitochondrial permeability transition in cell death. J Neurosci 18:5151-5159, 1998. (Pubitemid 28311932)
    • (1998) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.18 , Issue.14 , pp. 5151-5159
    • Friberg, H.1    Ferrand-Drake, M.2    Bengtsson, F.3    Halestrap, A.P.4    Wieloch, T.5
  • 104
    • 56049120778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ protects against organ damage in a lipopolysaccharide-peptidoglycan model of sepsis
    • Lowes DA, Thottakam BM, Webster NR, Murphy MP, Galley HF: The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ protects against organ damage in a lipopolysaccharide-peptidoglycan model of sepsis. Free Radic Biol Med 45: 1559-1565, 2008.
    • (2008) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.45 , pp. 1559-1565
    • Lowes, D.A.1    Thottakam, B.M.2    Webster, N.R.3    Murphy, M.P.4    Galley, H.F.5
  • 109
    • 0039486310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sepsis-induced depressed contractile function of isolated ventricular myocytes is due to altered calcium transient properties
    • Ren J, Ren BH, Sharma AC: Sepsis-induced depressed contractile function of isolated ventricular myocytes is due to altered calcium transient properties. Shock 18:285-288, 2002.
    • (2002) Shock , vol.18 , pp. 285-288
    • Ren, J.1    Ren, B.H.2    Sharma, A.C.3
  • 110
    • 0023097510 scopus 로고
    • Coronary hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism of lactate, free fatty acids, glucose, and ketones in patients with septic shock
    • Dhainaut JF, Huyghebaert MF, Monsallier JF, Lefevre G, Dall'Ava-Santucci J, Brunet F, Villemant D, Carli A, Raichvarg D: Coronary hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism of lactate, free fatty acids, glucose, and ketones in patients with septic shock. Circulation 75:533-541, 1987. (Pubitemid 17026042)
    • (1987) Circulation , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 533-541
    • Dhainaut, J.-F.1    Huyghebaert, M.-F.2    Monsallier, J.F.3
  • 112
    • 0027946338 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between red blood cell deformability and changes in hemodynamic function
    • Langenfeld JE, Machiedo GW, Lyons M, Rush BF Jr, Dikdan G, Lysz TW: Correlation between red blood cell deformability and changes in hemodynamic function. Surgery 116:859-867, 1994. (Pubitemid 24347195)
    • (1994) Surgery , vol.116 , Issue.5 , pp. 859-867
    • Langenfeld, J.E.1    Machiedo, G.W.2    Lyons, M.3    Rush Jr., B.F.4    Dikdan, G.5    Lysz, T.W.6
  • 115
    • 18344384146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced caspase activation mediates endotoxin-related cardiac dysfunction
    • DOI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000163398.79679.66
    • Carlson DL, Willis MS, White DJ, Horton JW, Giroir BP: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced caspase activation mediates endotoxin-related cardiac dysfunction. Crit Care Med 33:1021-1028, 2005. (Pubitemid 40638175)
    • (2005) Critical Care Medicine , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 1021-1028
    • Carlson, D.L.1    Willis, M.S.2    White, D.J.3    Norton, J.W.4    Giroir, B.P.5
  • 116
    • 34347234530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic cardiomyocyte hypertrophy during sepsis and septic shock results from prolonged exposure to endothelin precursor
    • Chopra M, Sharma AC: Apoptotic cardiomyocyte hypertrophy during sepsis and septic shock results from prolonged exposure to endothelin precursor. Front Biosci 12:3052-3060, 2007.
    • (2007) Front Biosci , vol.12 , pp. 3052-3060
    • Chopra, M.1    Sharma, A.C.2
  • 117
    • 19644369587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventricular myocyte caspases are directly responsible for endotoxin-induced cardiac dysfunction
    • DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.490979
    • Lancel S, Joulin O, Favory R, Goossens JF, Kluza J, Chopin C, Formstecher P, Marchetti P, Neviere R: Ventricular myocyte caspases are directly responsible for endotoxin-induced cardiac dysfunction. Circulation 111:2596-2604, 2005. (Pubitemid 40740858)
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , Issue.20 , pp. 2596-2604
    • Lancel, S.1    Joulin, O.2    Favory, R.3    Goossens, J.F.4    Kluza, J.5    Chopin, C.6    Formstecher, P.7    Marchetti, P.8    Neviere, R.9
  • 118
    • 0032575714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death receptors: Signaling and modulation
    • Ashkenazi A, Dixit VM: Death receptors: signaling and modulation. Science 281:1305-1308, 1998. (Pubitemid 28406815)
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , Issue.5381 , pp. 1305-1308
    • Ashkenazi, A.1    Dixit, V.M.2
  • 119
    • 0026656340 scopus 로고
    • The tissue distribution of tumor necrosis factor biosynthesis during endotoxemia
    • Giroir BP, Johnson JH, Brown T, Allen GL, Beutler B: The tissue distribution of tumor necrosis factor biosynthesis during endotoxemia. J Clin Invest 90:693-698, 1992.
    • (1992) J Clin Invest , vol.90 , pp. 693-698
    • Giroir, B.P.1    Johnson, J.H.2    Brown, T.3    Allen, G.L.4    Beutler, B.5
  • 122
    • 0037426726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJMra021333
    • Hotchkiss RS, Karl IE: The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N Engl J Med 348:138-150, 2003. (Pubitemid 36056721)
    • (2003) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.348 , Issue.2 , pp. 138-150
    • Hotchkiss, R.S.1    Karl, I.E.2
  • 124
    • 0030739250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in lymphoid and parenchymal cells during sepsis: Findings in normal and T- and B-celldeficient mice
    • DOI 10.1097/00003246-199708000-00015
    • Hotchkiss RS, Swanson PE, Cobb JP, Jacobson A, Buchman TG, Karl IE: Apoptosis in lymphoid and parenchymal cells during sepsis: findings in normal and T-and B-cellYdeficient mice. Crit Care Med 25:1298-1307, 1997. (Pubitemid 27347292)
    • (1997) Critical Care Medicine , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 1298-1307
    • Hotchkiss, R.S.1    Swanson, P.E.2    Cobb, J.P.3    Jacobson, A.4    Buchman, T.G.5    Karl, I.E.6
  • 125
  • 126
    • 0036948953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal and human models for sepsis
    • Schultz MJ, van der Poll T: Animal and human models for sepsis. Ann Med 34:573-581, 2002. (Pubitemid 36113816)
    • (2002) Annals of Medicine , vol.34 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 573-581
    • Schultz, M.J.1    Van Der Poll, T.2
  • 129
  • 130
    • 2642553075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin profoundly improves survival in a murine model of sepsis
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000129774.09737.5B
    • Merx MW, Liehn EA, Janssens U, Lutticken R, Schrader J, Hanrath P, Weber C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin profoundly improves survival in a murine model of sepsis. Circulation 109:2560-2565, 2004. (Pubitemid 38720557)
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , Issue.21 , pp. 2560-2565
    • Merx, M.W.1    Liehn, E.A.2    Janssens, U.3    Lutticken, R.4    Schrader, J.5    Hanrath, P.6    Weber, C.7
  • 132
    • 77957690690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of statins on mortality from severe infections and sepsis: A systematic review and metaanalysis
    • Janda S, Young A, Fitzgerald JM, Etminan M, Swiston J: The effect of statins on mortality from severe infections and sepsis: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Crit Care 25:656.e7-656.e22, 2010.
    • (2010) J Crit Care , vol.25
    • Janda, S.1    Young, A.2    Fitzgerald, J.M.3    Etminan, M.4    Swiston, J.5
  • 135
    • 33846117867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of statins in reducing the rate of severe sepsis: A retrospective evaluation
    • DOI 10.1592/phco.27.1.20
    • Martin CP, Talbert RL, Burgess DS, Peters JI: Effectiveness of statins in reducing the rate of severe sepsis: a retrospective evaluation. Pharmacotherapy 27:20-26, 2007. (Pubitemid 46067959)
    • (2007) Pharmacotherapy , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-26
    • Martin, C.P.1    Talbert, R.L.2    Burgess, D.S.3    Peters, J.I.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.