메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 14, 1998, Pages 5151-5159

Cyclosporin A, but not FK 506, protects mitochondria and neurons against hypoglycemic damage and implicates the mitochondrial permeability transition in cell death

Author keywords

Brain damage; Cell death; Cyclosporin A; Hippocampal mitochondria; Hypoglycemia; Mitochondrial permeability transition

Indexed keywords

CYCLOSPORIN A; TACROLIMUS;

EID: 0032528154     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-14-05151.1998     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (327)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0026519441 scopus 로고
    • The influence of hypothermia on hypoglycemia-induced brain damage in the rat
    • Agardh CD, Smith ML, Siesjö BK (1992) The influence of hypothermia on hypoglycemia-induced brain damage in the rat. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 83:379-385.
    • (1992) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.83 , pp. 379-385
    • Agardh, C.D.1    Smith, M.L.2    Siesjö, B.K.3
  • 2
    • 0030021473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of the mitochondnal permeability transition by protease activity in rats: A mechanism of hepatocyte necrosis
    • Aguilar HI, Botla R, Arora AS, Bronk SF, Gores GJ (1996) Induction of the mitochondnal permeability transition by protease activity in rats: a mechanism of hepatocyte necrosis. Gastroenterology 110:558-566.
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.110 , pp. 558-566
    • Aguilar, H.I.1    Botla, R.2    Arora, A.S.3    Bronk, S.F.4    Gores, G.J.5
  • 3
    • 0021878540 scopus 로고
    • The dentate gyrus in hypoglycemia: Pathology implicating excitotoxin-mediated neuronal necrosis
    • Auer R, Kalimo H, Olsson Y, Wieloch T (1985) The dentate gyrus in hypoglycemia: pathology implicating excitotoxin-mediated neuronal necrosis. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 67:279-288.
    • (1985) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.67 , pp. 279-288
    • Auer, R.1    Kalimo, H.2    Olsson, Y.3    Wieloch, T.4
  • 4
    • 0027312603 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycaemia: Brain neurochemistry and neuropathology
    • Auer RN, Siesjo BK (1993) Hypoglycaemia: brain neurochemistry and neuropathology. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 7:611-625.
    • (1993) Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.7 , pp. 611-625
    • Auer, R.N.1    Siesjo, B.K.2
  • 6
    • 0026687312 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Effect of protons and divalent cations
    • Bernardi P, Vassanelli S, Veronese P, Colonna R, Szabo I, Zoratti M (1992) Modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Effect of protons and divalent cations. J Biol Chem 267:2934-2939.
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , pp. 2934-2939
    • Bernardi, P.1    Vassanelli, S.2    Veronese, P.3    Colonna, R.4    Szabo, I.5    Zoratti, M.6
  • 7
    • 0028053663 scopus 로고
    • Recent progress on regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: A cyclosporin-sensitive pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane
    • Bernardi P, Broekemeier KM, Pfeiffer DR (1994) Recent progress on regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a cyclosporin-sensitive pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane. J Bioenerg Biomembr 26:509-517.
    • (1994) J Bioenerg Biomembr , vol.26 , pp. 509-517
    • Bernardi, P.1    Broekemeier, K.M.2    Pfeiffer, D.R.3
  • 8
    • 0026015774 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic modeling of cyclosporin kinetics in rat and man
    • Bernareggi A, Rowland M (1991) Physiologic modeling of cyclosporin kinetics in rat and man. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 19:21-50.
    • (1991) J Pharmacokinet Biopharm , vol.19 , pp. 21-50
    • Bernareggi, A.1    Rowland, M.2
  • 10
    • 0025012714 scopus 로고
    • Hypothermia but not the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, MK-801, attenuates neuronal damage in gerbils subjected to transient global ischemia
    • Buchan A, Pulsinelli WA (1990) Hypothermia but not the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, MK-801, attenuates neuronal damage in gerbils subjected to transient global ischemia. J Neurosci 10:311-316.
    • (1990) J Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 311-316
    • Buchan, A.1    Pulsinelli, W.A.2
  • 11
    • 0030850505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective actions of FK506 in experimental stroke: In vivo evidence against an antiexcitotoxic mechanism
    • Butcher SP, Henshall DC, Teramura Y, Iwasaki K, Sharkey J (1997) Neuroprotective actions of FK506 in experimental stroke: in vivo evidence against an antiexcitotoxic mechanism. J Neurosci 17:6939-6946.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 6939-6946
    • Butcher, S.P.1    Henshall, D.C.2    Teramura, Y.3    Iwasaki, K.4    Sharkey, J.5
  • 13
    • 0026643141 scopus 로고
    • Identification of calcineurin as a key signalling enzyme in T-lymphocyte activation
    • Clipstone NA, Crabtree GR (1992) Identification of calcineurin as a key signalling enzyme in T-lymphocyte activation. Nature 357:695-697.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 695-697
    • Clipstone, N.A.1    Crabtree, G.R.2
  • 14
    • 0026696585 scopus 로고
    • Purification and N-terminal sequencing of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerase from rat liver mitochondrial matrix reveals the existence of a distinct mitochondrial cyclophilin
    • Connern CP, Halestrap AP (1992) Purification and N-terminal sequencing of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerase from rat liver mitochondrial matrix reveals the existence of a distinct mitochondrial cyclophilin. Biochem J 284:381-385.
    • (1992) Biochem J , vol.284 , pp. 381-385
    • Connern, C.P.1    Halestrap, A.P.2
  • 15
    • 0028075423 scopus 로고
    • Recruitment of mitochondrial cyrlophilin to the mitochondrial inner membrane under conditions of oxidative stress that enhance the opening of a calcium-sensitive non-specific channel
    • Connern CP, Halestrap AP (1994) Recruitment of mitochondrial cyrlophilin to the mitochondrial inner membrane under conditions of oxidative stress that enhance the opening of a calcium-sensitive non-specific channel. Biochem J 302:321-324.
    • (1994) Biochem J , vol.302 , pp. 321-324
    • Connern, C.P.1    Halestrap, A.P.2
  • 16
    • 0023391047 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the presence of a reversible Ca2+-dependent pore activated by oxidative stress in heart mitochondria
    • Crompton M, Costi A, Hayat L (1987) Evidence for the presence of a reversible Ca2+-dependent pore activated by oxidative stress in heart mitochondria. Biochem J 245:915-918.
    • (1987) Biochem J , vol.245 , pp. 915-918
    • Crompton, M.1    Costi, A.2    Hayat, L.3
  • 17
    • 0023821864 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition by cyclosporin A of a Ca2+-dependent pore in heart mitochondria activated by inorganic phosphate and oxidative stress
    • Crompton M, Ellinger H, Costi A (1988) Inhibition by cyclosporin A of a Ca2+-dependent pore in heart mitochondria activated by inorganic phosphate and oxidative stress. Biochem J 255:357-360.
    • (1988) Biochem J , vol.255 , pp. 357-360
    • Crompton, M.1    Ellinger, H.2    Costi, A.3
  • 18
    • 0027453536 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressant FK506 enhances phosphorylation of nitric oxide synthase and protects against glutamate neurotoxicity
    • Dawson TM, Steiner JP, Dawson VL, Dinerman JL, Uhl GR, Snyder SH (1993) Immunosuppressant FK506 enhances phosphorylation of nitric oxide synthase and protects against glutamate neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:9808-9812.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 9808-9812
    • Dawson, T.M.1    Steiner, J.P.2    Dawson, V.L.3    Dinerman, J.L.4    Uhl, G.R.5    Snyder, S.H.6
  • 21
    • 0000497275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothermic neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia
    • Welch KMA, Reis DJ, Siesjo BK, Weir B, eds, Los Angeles: Academic Press
    • Ginsberg MD (1997) Hypothermic neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. In: Primer on cerebrovascular disease (Welch KMA, Reis DJ, Siesjo BK, Weir B, eds), pp 272-275. Los Angeles: Academic Press.
    • (1997) Primer on Cerebrovascular Disease , pp. 272-275
    • Ginsberg, M.D.1
  • 22
    • 0026132165 scopus 로고
    • Further evidence that cyclosporin A . protects mitochondria from calcium overload by inhibiting a matrix peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. Implications for the immunosuppressive and toxic effects of cyclosporin
    • Griffiths EJ, Halestrap AP (1991) Further evidence that cyclosporin A . protects mitochondria from calcium overload by inhibiting a matrix peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. Implications for the immunosuppressive and toxic effects of cyclosporin. Biochem J 274:611-614.
    • (1991) Biochem J , vol.274 , pp. 611-614
    • Griffiths, E.J.1    Halestrap, A.P.2
  • 23
    • 0027761474 scopus 로고
    • Protection by cyclosporin A of ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage in isolated rat hearts
    • Griffiths EJ, Halestrap AP (1993a) Protection by cyclosporin A of ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage in isolated rat hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 25:1461-1469.
    • (1993) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.25 , pp. 1461-1469
    • Griffiths, E.J.1    Halestrap, A.P.2
  • 24
    • 0027394486 scopus 로고
    • Pyrophosphate metabolism in the perfused heart and isolated heart mitochondria and its role in regulation of mitochondrial function by calcium
    • Griffiths EJ, Halestrap AP (1993b) Pyrophosphate metabolism in the perfused heart and isolated heart mitochondria and its role in regulation of mitochondrial function by calcium. Biochem J 290:489-495.
    • (1993) Biochem J , vol.290 , pp. 489-495
    • Griffiths, E.J.1    Halestrap, A.P.2
  • 25
    • 0025292743 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms by which mitochondria transport calcium
    • Gunter TE, Pfeiffer DR (1990) Mechanisms by which mitochondria transport calcium. Am J Physiol 258:C755-786.
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.258
    • Gunter, T.E.1    Pfeiffer, D.R.2
  • 26
    • 0025769501 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-dependent opening of a non-specific pore in the mitochondrial inner membrane is inhibited at pH values below 7. Implications for the protective effect of low pH against chemical and hypoxic cell damage
    • Halestrap AP (1991) Calcium-dependent opening of a non-specific pore in the mitochondrial inner membrane is inhibited at pH values below 7. Implications for the protective effect of low pH against chemical and hypoxic cell damage. Biochem J 278:715-719.
    • (1991) Biochem J , vol.278 , pp. 715-719
    • Halestrap, A.P.1
  • 27
    • 0002290149 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between oxidative stress and calcium overload on mitochondrial function
    • Darley-Usmar V, Schapira AHV, eds, London: Portland
    • Halestrap AP (1994) Interaction between oxidative stress and calcium overload on mitochondrial function. In: Mitochondria: DNA, proteins and disease (Darley-Usmar V, Schapira AHV, eds), pp 113-142, London: Portland.
    • (1994) Mitochondria: DNA, Proteins and Disease , pp. 113-142
    • Halestrap, A.P.1
  • 28
    • 0025193488 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Ca2(+)-induced large-amplitude swelling of liver and heart mitochondria by cyclosporin is probably caused by the inhibitor binding to mitochondrial-matrix peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and preventing it interacting with the adenine nucleotide translocase
    • Halestrap AP, Davidson AM (1990) Inhibition of Ca2(+)-induced large-amplitude swelling of liver and heart mitochondria by cyclosporin is probably caused by the inhibitor binding to mitochondrial-matrix peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and preventing it interacting with the adenine nucleotide translocase. Biochem J 268:153-160.
    • (1990) Biochem J , vol.268 , pp. 153-160
    • Halestrap, A.P.1    Davidson, A.M.2
  • 29
    • 0021166411 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral extracellular calcium activity in severe hypoglycemia; relation to extracellular potassium and energy state
    • Harris RJ, Wieloch T, Symon L, Siesjo BK (1984) Cerebral extracellular calcium activity in severe hypoglycemia; relation to extracellular potassium and energy state. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 4:187-193.
    • (1984) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.4 , pp. 187-193
    • Harris, R.J.1    Wieloch, T.2    Symon, L.3    Siesjo, B.K.4
  • 30
    • 0018332597 scopus 로고
    • The Ca2+-induced membrane transition in mitochondria. II. Nature of the Ca2+ trigger site
    • Haworth RA, Hunter DR (1979) The Ca2+-induced membrane transition in mitochondria. II. Nature of the Ca2+ trigger site. Arch Biochem Biophys 195:460-467.
    • (1979) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.195 , pp. 460-467
    • Haworth, R.A.1    Hunter, D.R.2
  • 31
    • 0030019624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An immunosuppressant, FK506, protects hippocampal neurons from forebrain ischemia in the mongolian gerbil
    • Ide T, Morikawa E, Kirino T (1996) An immunosuppressant, FK506, protects hippocampal neurons from forebrain ischemia in the mongolian gerbil. Neurosci Lett 204:157-160.
    • (1996) Neurosci Lett , vol.204 , pp. 157-160
    • Ide, T.1    Morikawa, E.2    Kirino, T.3
  • 32
    • 0020400077 scopus 로고
    • H+-dependent efflux of Ca2+ from heart mitochondria
    • Jurkowitz MS, Brierley GP (1982) H+-dependent efflux of Ca2+ from heart mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 14:435-449.
    • (1982) J Bioenerg Biomembr , vol.14 , pp. 435-449
    • Jurkowitz, M.S.1    Brierley, G.P.2
  • 33
    • 0031037897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: A primary site for Bcl-2 regulation of apoptosis
    • Kluck RM, Bossy-Wetzel E, Green DR, Newmeyer DD (1997) The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: a primary site for Bcl-2 regulation of apoptosis. Science 275:1132-1136.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1132-1136
    • Kluck, R.M.1    Bossy-Wetzel, E.2    Green, D.R.3    Newmeyer, D.D.4
  • 34
    • 0030800033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial permeability transition in the central nervous system: Induction by calcium cyclin-dependent and -independent pathways
    • Kristal BS, Dubinsky JM (1997) Mitochondrial permeability transition in the central nervous system: induction by calcium cyclin-dependent and -independent pathways, J Neurochem 69:524-538.
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.69 , pp. 524-538
    • Kristal, B.S.1    Dubinsky, J.M.2
  • 35
    • 0030916669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proto-oncogene Bcl-2 and its role in regulating apoptosis
    • Kroemer G (1997) The proto-oncogene Bcl-2 and its role in regulating apoptosis. Nat Med 3:614-620.
    • (1997) Nat Med , vol.3 , pp. 614-620
    • Kroemer, G.1
  • 36
    • 0025893168 scopus 로고
    • Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes
    • Liu J, Farmer Jr JD, Lane WS, Friedman J, Weissman I, Schreiber SL (1991) Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes. Cell 66:807-815.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.66 , pp. 807-815
    • Liu, J.1    Farmer Jr., J.D.2    Lane, W.S.3    Friedman, J.4    Weissman, I.5    Schreiber, S.L.6
  • 40
    • 0030298459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin A delays mitochondrial depolarization induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate in cortical neurons: Evidence of the mitochondrial permeability transition
    • Nieminen AL, Petrie TG, Lemasters JJ, Selman WR (1996) Cyclosporin A delays mitochondrial depolarization induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate in cortical neurons: evidence of the mitochondrial permeability transition, Neuroscience 75:993-997.
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.75 , pp. 993-997
    • Nieminen, A.L.1    Petrie, T.G.2    Lemasters, J.J.3    Selman, W.R.4
  • 41
    • 0026632557 scopus 로고
    • FK-506- and CsA-sensitive activation of the interleukin-2 promoter by calcineurin
    • O'Keefe SJ, Tamura J, Kincaid RL, Tocci MJ, O'Neill EA (1992) FK-506- and CsA-sensitive activation of the interleukin-2 promoter by calcineurin. Nature 357:692-694.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 692-694
    • O'Keefe, S.J.1    Tamura, J.2    Kincaid, R.L.3    Tocci, M.J.4    O'Neill, E.A.5
  • 42
    • 0027998226 scopus 로고
    • In vivo evidence for ATP-dependent and P-glycoproteinmediated transport of cyclosporin A at the blood-brain barrier
    • Sakata A, Tamai I, Kawazu K, Deguchi Y, Ohnishi T, Saheki A, Tsuji A (1994) In vivo evidence for ATP-dependent and P-glycoproteinmediated transport of cyclosporin A at the blood-brain barrier. Biochem Pharmacol 48:1989-1992.
    • (1994) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 1989-1992
    • Sakata, A.1    Tamai, I.2    Kawazu, K.3    Deguchi, Y.4    Ohnishi, T.5    Saheki, A.6    Tsuji, A.7
  • 43
    • 0022485129 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular overflow of neuroactive amino acids during severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia: In vivo dialysis of the rat hippocampus
    • Sandberg M, Butcher SP, Hagberg H (1986) Extracellular overflow of neuroactive amino acids during severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia: in vivo dialysis of the rat hippocampus. J Neurochem 47:178-184.
    • (1986) J Neurochem , vol.47 , pp. 178-184
    • Sandberg, M.1    Butcher, S.P.2    Hagberg, H.3
  • 44
    • 0029810095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary event in glutamate neurotoxicity
    • Schinder AF, Oison EC, Spitzer NC, Montai M (1996) Mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary event in glutamate neurotoxicity. J Neurosci 16:6125-6133.
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 6125-6133
    • Schinder, A.F.1    Oison, E.C.2    Spitzer, N.C.3    Montai, M.4
  • 45
    • 0027937489 scopus 로고
    • Immunophilins mediate the neuroprotective effects of FK506 in focal cerebral ischaemia
    • Sharkey J, Butcher SP (1994) Immunophilins mediate the neuroprotective effects of FK506 in focal cerebral ischaemia. Nature 371:336-339.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 336-339
    • Sharkey, J.1    Butcher, S.P.2
  • 46
    • 0030901628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of signalling through transcription factor NF-AT by interactions between calcineurin and Bcl-2
    • Shibasaki F, Kondo E, Akagi T, McKeon F (1997) Suppression of signalling through transcription factor NF-AT by interactions between calcineurin and Bcl-2. Nature 386:728-731.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 728-731
    • Shibasaki, F.1    Kondo, E.2    Akagi, T.3    McKeon, F.4
  • 47
    • 0026446691 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin A protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain
    • Shiga Y, Onodera H, Matsuo Y, Kogure K (1992) Cyclosporin A protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain. Brain Res 595:145-148.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.595 , pp. 145-148
    • Shiga, Y.1    Onodera, H.2    Matsuo, Y.3    Kogure, K.4
  • 48
    • 0024556434 scopus 로고
    • Calcium fluxes, calcium antagonists, and calcium-related pathology in brain ischemia, hypoglycemia, and spreading depression: A unifying hypothesis
    • Siesjo BK, Bengtsson F (1989) Calcium fluxes, calcium antagonists, and calcium-related pathology in brain ischemia, hypoglycemia, and spreading depression: a unifying hypothesis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 9:127-140.
    • (1989) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.9 , pp. 127-140
    • Siesjo, B.K.1    Bengtsson, F.2
  • 49
    • 0025471534 scopus 로고
    • Rapid isolation of metabolically active mitochondria from rat brain and subregions using Percoll density gradient centrifugation
    • Sims NR (1990) Rapid isolation of metabolically active mitochondria from rat brain and subregions using Percoll density gradient centrifugation. J Neurochem 55:698-707.
    • (1990) J Neurochem , vol.55 , pp. 698-707
    • Sims, N.R.1
  • 50
    • 0030975605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic actions of nonimmunosuppressive analogues of immunosuppressive drugs FK506, rapamycin and cyclosporin A
    • Steiner JP, Connolly MA, Valentine HL, Hamilton GS, Dawson TM, Hester L, Snyder SH (1997) Neurotrophic actions of nonimmunosuppressive analogues of immunosuppressive drugs FK506, rapamycin and cyclosporin A. Nat Med 3:421-428.
    • (1997) Nat Med , vol.3 , pp. 421-428
    • Steiner, J.P.1    Connolly, M.A.2    Valentine, H.L.3    Hamilton, G.S.4    Dawson, T.M.5    Hester, L.6    Snyder, S.H.7
  • 52
    • 0030785790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The central executioner of apoptosis: Multiple connections between protease activation and mitochondria in Fas/APO-l/CD95- And ceramide-induced apoptosis
    • Susin SA, Zamzami N, Castedo M, Daugas E, Wang HG, Geley S, Fassy F, Reed JC, Kroemer G (1997) The central executioner of apoptosis: multiple connections between protease activation and mitochondria in Fas/APO-l/CD95- and ceramide-induced apoptosis. J Exp Med 186:25-37.
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.186 , pp. 25-37
    • Susin, S.A.1    Zamzami, N.2    Castedo, M.3    Daugas, E.4    Wang, H.G.5    Geley, S.6    Fassy, F.7    Reed, J.C.8    Kroemer, G.9
  • 53
    • 0029590050 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin A dramatically ameliorates CA1 hippocampal damage following transient forebrain ischaemia in the rat
    • Uchino H, Elmer E, Uchino K, Lindvall O, Siesjo BK (1995) Cyclosporin A dramatically ameliorates CA1 hippocampal damage following transient forebrain ischaemia in the rat. Acta Physiol Scand 155:469-471.
    • (1995) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.155 , pp. 469-471
    • Uchino, H.1    Elmer, E.2    Uchino, K.3    Lindvall, O.4    Siesjo, B.K.5
  • 54
    • 0029788243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial depolarization in glutamate-stimulated neurons: An early signal specific to excitotoxin exposure
    • White RJ, Reynolds IJ (1996) Mitochondrial depolarization in glutamate-stimulated neurons: an early signal specific to excitotoxin exposure. J Neurosci 16:5688-5697.
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 5688-5697
    • White, R.J.1    Reynolds, I.J.2
  • 55
    • 0021273322 scopus 로고
    • Influence of severe hypoglycemia on brain extracellular calcium and potassium activities, energy, and phospholipid metabolism
    • Wieloch T, Harris RJ, Symon L, Siesjo BK (1984) Influence of severe hypoglycemia on brain extracellular calcium and potassium activities, energy, and phospholipid metabolism. J Neurochem 43:160-168.
    • (1984) J Neurochem , vol.43 , pp. 160-168
    • Wieloch, T.1    Harris, R.J.2    Symon, L.3    Siesjo, B.K.4
  • 59
    • 0029116916 scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial permeability transition
    • Zoratti M, Szabo I (1995) The mitochondrial permeability transition. Biochim Biophys Acta 1241:139-176.
    • (1995) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1241 , pp. 139-176
    • Zoratti, M.1    Szabo, I.2
  • 60
    • 0030745646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apaf-1, a human protein homologous to C. elegans CED-4: Participates in cytochrome c-dependent activation of caspase-3
    • Zou H, Henzel WJ, Liu X, Lutschg A, Wang X (1997) Apaf-1, a human protein homologous to C. elegans CED-4: participates in cytochrome c-dependent activation of caspase-3. Cell 90:405-413.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.90 , pp. 405-413
    • Zou, H.1    Henzel, W.J.2    Liu, X.3    Lutschg, A.4    Wang, X.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.