Model catalysts: Simulating the complexities of heterogeneous catalysts

Annual Review of Physical Chemistry

Volumn 63, Issue , 2012, Pages 265-286

  Gao, Feng ^a   Goodman, D Wayne ^b  

^a PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Heterogeneous catalysis; Model catalyst; Oxide supported nanoparticle; Single crystal; Surface science

Indexed keywords

CATALYST SELECTIVITY; CATALYST SUPPORTS; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; NANOCATALYSTS; PARTICLE SIZE;

FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; METAL CLUSTER; MODEL CATALYSTS; MODELLING SYSTEMS; OXIDE SURFACE; OXIDE-SUPPORTED NANOPARTICLES; REACTIVE SYSTEM; SURFACE SCIENCE; ]+ CATALYST;

SINGLE CRYSTALS;

EID: 84859887603     PISSN: 0066426X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032511-143722     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Bartholomew CH, Farrauto RJ. 2006. Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes. New York:Wiley & Sons. 966 pp. 2nd ed.
2. Hagen J. 2006. Industrial Catalysis: A Practical Approach.Weinheim:Wiley- VCH. 503 pp. 2nd ed.
3. Niemantsverdriet JW. 2007. Spectroscopy in Catalysis.Weinheim:Wiley-VCH. 346 pp.
4. Somorjai GA, Li YM. 2010. Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis. New York: Wiley & Sons. 771 pp.
5. Ertl G. 2009. Reactions at Solid Surfaces. New York:Wiley & Sons. 207 pp.
6. Henry CR. 1998. Surface studies of supported model catalysts. Surf. Sci. Rep. 31:235-325
7. Goodman DW. 1995. Model studies in catalysis using surface science probes. Chem. Rev. 95:523-36
8. Campbell CT. 1997. Ultrathin metal films and particles on oxide surfaces: structural, electronic and chemisorptive properties. Surf. Sci. Rep. 27:1-111 (Pubitemid 127425832)
9. BlakelyDW, Kozak EI, Sexton BA, Somorjai GA. 1976. New instrumentation and techniques tomonitor chemical surface reactions on single crystals over a wide pressure range (10?8-105 Torr) in the same apparatus. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 13:1091
10. Campbell CT, 1989, Studies of model catalysts with well-defined surfaces combining untrahighvacuum surface characterization with medium-pressure and high-pressure kinetics, Adv. Catal 36 pp1-54
11. Szanyi J, Goodman DW. 1993. Combined elevated pressure reactor and ultrahigh vacuum surface analysis system. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64:2350-52
12. Bäumer M, Freund HJ. 1999. Metal deposits on well-ordered oxide films. Prog. Surf. Sci. 61:127-98
13. Freund HJ. 2010. Model studies in heterogeneous catalysis. Chem. Eur. J. 16:9384-97
14. Goodman DW. 1996. Correlations between surface science models and "real-world" catalysts. J. Phys. Chem. 100:13090-102 (Pubitemid 126821048)
15. Kelley RD, Goodman DW. 1982. Catalytic methanation over single crystal nickel and ruthenium: reaction kinetics on different crystal planes and the correlation of surface carbide concentration with reaction rate. Surf. Sci. Lett. 123:L743-49
16. Vannice MA. 1976. The catalytic synthesis of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 14:153-91
17. Goodman DW. 1984. Chemical modification of chemisorptive and catalytic properties of nickel. Appl. Surf. Sci. 19:1-13
18. Shelef M, McCabe RW. 2000. Twenty-five years after introduction of automotive catalysts: what next? Catal. Today 62:35-50 (Pubitemid 32067468)
19. Choudhary TV, Goodman DW. 2002. CO-free fuel processing for fuel cell applications. Catal. Today 77:65-78 (Pubitemid 35412325)
20. Kahlich MJ, Gasteiger HA, Behm RJ. 1997. Kinetics of the selective CO oxidation in H2-rich gas on Pt/Al2O3. J. Catal. 171:93-105
21. 2 and CO-NO reactions over single crystal and supported rhodium catalysts. J. Catal. 100:360-76
22. Goodman DW, Peden CHF. 1986. CO oxidation over Rh and Ru: a comparative study. J. Phys. Chem. 90:4839-43
23. Berlowitz PJ, Peden CHF, Goodman DW. 1988. Kinetics of CO oxidation on single-crystal Pd, Pt, and Ir. J. Phys. Chem. 92:5213-21
24. Xu X, Goodman DW. 1993. An infrared and kinetic study of CO oxidation on model silica-supported palladium catalysts from 10?9 to 15 Torr. J. Phys. Chem. 97:7711-18
25. Gao F, McClure SM, Cai Y, Gath KK, Wang YL, et al. 2009. CO oxidation trends on Pt-group metals from ultrahigh vacuum to near atmospheric pressures: a combined in situ PM-IRAS and reaction kinetics study. Surf. Sci. 603:65-70
26. Gao F, Goodman DW. 2010. Reaction kinetics and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy investigations of CO oxidation over planar Pt-group model catalysts. Langmuir 26:16540-51
27. Davis SM, Zaera F, Somorjai GA. 1982. The reactivity and composition of strongly adsorbed carbonaceous deposits on platinum: model of the working hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. J. Catal. 77:439-59
28. Cremer PS, Su XC, Shen YR, Somorjai GA. 1996. Ethylene hydrogenation on Pt(111) monitored in situ at high pressures using sum frequency generation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:2942-49 (Pubitemid 126661148)
29. McCrea KR, Somorjai GA. 2000. SFG-surface vibrational spectroscopy studies of structure sensitivity and insensitivity in catalytic reactions: cyclohexene dehydrogenation and ethylene hydrogenation on Pt(111) and Pt(100) crystal surfaces. J. Mol. Catal. A 163:43-53
30. Goodman DW. 1982. Ethane hydrogenolysis over single crystals of nickel: direct detection of structure sensitivity. Surf. Sci. Lett. 123:L679-85
31. Engstrom JR, Goodman DW,WeinbergWH. 1988. Hydrogenolysis of ethane, propane, n-butane, and neopentane on the (111) and (110)-(1×2) surfaces of iridium. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110:8305-19
32. Rainer DR, Vesecky SM, Koranne M, Oh WS, Goodman DW. 1997. The CO+NO reaction over Pd: acombined study using single-crystal, planar-model-supported, and high-surface-area Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. J. Catal. 167:234-41
33. Vesecky SM, Xu X, Chen PJ,GoodmanDW.1995. Evidence for structure sensitivity in the high pressure CO + NO reaction over Pd(111) and Pd(100). J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13:1539-42
34. Vesecky SM, Rainer DR, Goodman DW. 1996. Basis for the structure sensitivity of the CO + NO reaction on palladium. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14:1457-63 (Pubitemid 126082060)
35. 2 and CO-NO reactions. J. Catal. 128:526-36
36. Cho BK. 1991. Chemical modification of catalyst support for enhancement of transient catalytic activity: nitric oxide reduction by carbon monoxide over rhodium. J. Catal. 131:74-87
37. Strongin DR,Carrazza J, Bare SR, Somorjai GA. 1987. The importance ofC7 sites and surface roughness in the ammonia synthesis reaction over iron. J. Catal. 103:213-15
38. Strongin DR, Bare SR, Somorjai GA. 1987. The effects of aluminum oxide in restructing iron singlecrystal surfaces for ammonia synthesis. J. Catal. 103:289-301
39. 2(110) surface: structure and the nucleation growth of Pd. Phys. Rev. B 56:13464-82
40. Chen PJ, Goodman DW. 1994. Epitaxial growth of ultrathin Al2O3 films on Ta(110). Surf. Sci. Lett. 312:L767-73
41. Lai X, Chusuei CC, Luo K, Guo Q, Goodman DW. 2000. Imaging ultrathin Al2O3 films with scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Chem. Phys. Lett. 330:226-30
42. Wu MC, Goodman DW. 1994. Particulate Cu on ordered Al2O3: reactions with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. J. Phys. Chem. 98:9874-81
43. He JW, Xu X, Corneille JS, Goodman DW. 1992. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterization of ultra-thin silicon oxide films on a Mo(100) surface. Surf. Sci. 279:119-26 (Pubitemid 23581513)
44. Santra AK, Goodman DW. 2002. Oxide-supported metal clusters: models for heterogeneous catalysts. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14:R31-62
45. 2 on Mo(112). Surf. Rev Lett. 7:7-14
46. Schroeder T, Giorgi JB, Baumer M, Freund HJ. 2002. Morphological and electronic properties of ultrathin crystalline silica epilayers on a Mo(112) substrate. Phys. Rev. B 66:165422
47. Weissenrieder J, Kaya S, Lu JL, Gao HJ, Shaikhutdinov S, et al. 2005. Atomic structure of a thin silica film on a Mo(112) substrate: a two-dimensional network of SiO4 tetrahedra. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95:076103
48. Xu X, Goodman DW. 1992. New approach to the preparation of ultrathin silicon dioxide films at low temperatures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 61:774-76
49. Wu MC, Corneille JS, Estrada CA, He JW, Goodman DW. 1991. Synthesis and characterization of ultra-thin MgO films on Mo(100). Chem. Phys. Lett. 182:472-78
50. WuMC,Goodman DW. 1992. Acid-base properties ofMgO studied by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. Catal. Lett. 15:1-11
51. Wu MC, Truong CM, Coulter K, Goodman DW. 1992. Role of F centers in the oxidative coupling of methane to ethane over Li-promoted MgO catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114:7565-67
52. Wu MC, Corneille JS, He JW, Estrada CA, Goodman DW. 1992. Preparation, characterization and chemical properties of ultrathin MgO films on Mo(100). J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10:1467-71
53. Corneille JS,He JW, Goodman DW. 1994. XPS characterization of ultra-thinMgO films on aMo(100) surface. Surf. Sci. 306:269-78
54. Wu MC, Truong CM, Goodman DW. 1993. Interactions of ammonia with a NiO(100) surface studied by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy. J. Chem. Phys. 97:4182-86
55. Wu MC, Truong CM, Goodman DW. 1993. Interactions of alcohols with a NiO(100) surface studied by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. 97:9425-33
56. Truong CM, Wu MC, Goodman DW. 1992. Adsorption and reaction of formic acid on NiO(100) films on Mo(100): TPD and HREELS studies. J. Chem. Phys. 97:9447-53
57. Truong CM, Wu MC, Goodman DW. 1993. Adsorption of formaldehyde on nickel oxide studied by thermal programmed desorption and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:3647-53
58. Cho B, Choi E, Chung S, Kim K, Kang T, et al. 1999. A novel Cr2O3 thin film on stainless steel with high sorption resistance. Surf. Sci. Lett. 439:L799-802 (Pubitemid 30538253)
59. Dong QZ, Hu JD, Guo ZX, Lian JS, Chen JW, Chen B. 2002. Surface morphology study on chromium oxide growth on Cr films by Nd-YAG laser oxidation process. Appl. Surf. Sci. 202:114-19 (Pubitemid 35282339)
60. Oh WS, Xu C, Kim DY, Goodman DW. 1997. Preparation and characterization of epitaxial titanium oxide films on Mo(100). J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 15:1710-16 (Pubitemid 127082607)
61. Guo Q, OhWS, Goodman DW. 1999. Titanium oxide films grown on Mo(110). Surf. Sci. 437:49-60 (Pubitemid 30500569)
62. Corneille JS, He JW, Goodman DW. 1995. Preparation and characterization of ultra-thin iron oxide films on a Mo(100) surface. Surf. Sci. 338:221-24
63. Lemire C, Meyer R, Henrich VE, Shaikhutdinov SK, Freund HJ. 2004. The surface structure of Fe3O4(111) films as studied by CO adsorption. Surf. Sci. 572:103-14
64. Shaikhutdinov SK,Meyer R, LahavD, BaumerM,KlunerT, FreundHJ. 2003. Determination of atomic structure of the metal-oxide interface: Pd nanodeposits on an FeO(111) film. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91:076102
65. Franchy R. 2000. Growth of thin, crystalline oxide, nitride and oxynitride films on metal and metal alloy surfaces. Surf. Sci. Rep. 39:199-294
66. Chambers SA. 2000. Epitaxial growth and properties of thin film oxides. Surf. Sci. Rep. 39:105-80
67. Street SC, Xu C, Goodman DW. 1997. The physical and chemical properties of ultrathin oxide films. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 48:43-68 (Pubitemid 127443901)
68. 2 films grown on Mo(112). Phys. Rev. B 69:155404
69. 2 on Mo(112): a 2-D [Si-O-Si] network or isolated [SiO4] units? Surf. Sci. Lett. 600:L255-59
70. Wu YT, Garfunkel E, Madey TE. 1996. Growth of ultrathin crystalline Al2O3 films on Ru(0001) and Re(0001) surfaces. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14:2554-63
71. Chen JG, Colaianni ML,WeinbergWH, Yates JT. 1992. The Cu/Al2O3/Al(111) interface: initial film growth and thermally induced diffusion of copper into the bulk. Surf. Sci. 279:223-32 (Pubitemid 23617212)
72. BardiU, Atrei A, Rovida G. 1992. Initial stages of oxidation of the Ni3Al alloy: structure and composition of the aluminum-oxide overlayer studied by XPS, LEIS and LEED. Surf. Sci. 268:87-97
73. Ceballos G, Song Z, Pascual JI, Rust HP, Conrad H, et al. 2002. Structure investigation of the topmost layer of a thin ordered alumina film grown on NiAl(110) by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Chem. Phys. Lett. 359:41-47
74. Park Y, Fullerton EE, Bader SD. 1995. Epitaxial growth of ultrathin MgO films on Fe(001) seed layers. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13:301-4
75. Schintke S, Messerli S, Pivetta M, Patthey F, Libioulle L, et al. 2001. Insulator at the ultrathin limit: MgO on Ag(001). Phys. Rev. Lett. 87:276801
76. Wollschlager J, Erdos D, Goldbach H, Hopken R, Schroder KM. 2001. Growth of NiO and MgO films on Ag(100). Thin Solid Films 400:1-8 (Pubitemid 33112518)
77. LaiX,Guo Q, Min BK, GoodmanDW.2001. Synthesis and characterization of titania films on Mo(110). Surf. Sci. 487:1-8 (Pubitemid 32651140)
78. Kolmakov A, Goodman DW. 2002. In situ scanning tunneling microscopic studies of supported metal clusters: growth and thermal evolution of individual particles. Chem. Rec. 2:446-57 (Pubitemid 44127815)
79. 2(110): morphology and electronic structure. Prog. Surf. Sci. 59:25-52 (Pubitemid 128384216)
80. 2(110). J. Catal. 234:172-81
81. 2(110) model catalyst. Surf. Sci. 497:155-65
82. 2(110): an overview. Surf. Sci. 331:845-54
83. 2/Mo(112) interface. Surf. Sci. 574:259-68
84. Chen MS, Wallace WT, Kumar D, Yan Z, Gath KK, et al. 2005. Synthesis of well-ordered ultra-thin titanium oxide films on Mo(112). Surf. Sci. Lett. 581:L115-21 (Pubitemid 40497303)
85. Chen MS, Goodman DW. 2004. The structure of catalytically active Au on titania. Science 306:252-55
86. SchonG, Simon U. 1995. A fascinating new field in colloid science: small ligand-stabilizedmetal clusters and possible application in microelectronics. 1. State-of-the-art. Colloid Polym. Sci. 273:101-17
87. SchonG, Simon U. 1995. A fascinating new field in colloid science: small ligand-stabilizedmetal clusters and possible application in microelectronics. 2. Future directions. Colloid Polym. Sci. 273:202-18
88. Heiz U, Vanolli F, Trento L, Schneider WD. 1997. Chemical reactivity of size-selected supported clusters: an experimental setup. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68:1986-94 (Pubitemid 127639129)
89. Bromann K, Felix C, Brune H, Harbich W, Monot R, et al. 1996. Controlled deposition of size-selected silver nanoclusters. Science 274:956-58 (Pubitemid 26398411)
90. Kleyn AW. 2003. Molecular beams and chemical dynamics at surfaces. Chem. Soc. Rev. 32:87-95 (Pubitemid 38315538)
91. Avoyan A, Rupprechter G, Eppler AS, Somorjai GA. 2000. Fabrication and characterization of the Agbased high-technology model nanocluster catalyst for ethylene epoxidation manufactured by electron beam lithography. Top. Catal. 10:107-13
92. Jacobs PW, Ribeiro FH, Somorjai GA, Wind SJ. 1996. New model catalysts: uniform platinum cluster arrays produced by electron beam lithography. Catal. Lett. 37:131-36 (Pubitemid 126468173)
93. Schildenberger M, Bonetti Y, Aeschlimann M, Scandella L, Gobrecht J, Prins R. 1998. Preparation of model catalysts by laser interference nanolithography followed by metal cluster deposition. Catal. Lett. 56:1-6 (Pubitemid 128478529)
94. Haruta M. 2001. Catalysis of gold nanoparticles deposited on metal oxides. Cattech 6:102-15
95. Hashmi ASK, Hutchings GJ. 2006. Gold catalysis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 45:7896-936
96. 2 catalysts. Catal. Lett. 56:7-10 (Pubitemid 128478530)
97. 2. Catal. Today 36:115-23 (Pubitemid 127381356)
98. Lai X, Goodman DW. 2000. Structure-reactivity correlations for oxide-supported metal catalysts: new perspectives from STM. J. Mol. Catal. 162:33-50 (Pubitemid 32004144)
99. Valden M, Lai X, Goodman DW. 1998. Onset of catalytic activity of gold clusters on titania with the appearance of nonmetallic properties. Science 281:1647-50. (Pubitemid 28435574)
100. 2(110). Surf. Sci. 441:10-20 (Pubitemid 30501614)
101. 2. Surf. Rev. Lett. 8:73-93 (Pubitemid 32416856)
102. First PN, Stroscio JA, Dragoset RA, PierceDT, Celotta RJ. 1989. Metallicity and gap states in tunneling to Fe clusters on GaAs(110). Phys. Rev. Lett. 63:1416-19
103. 2(110) surface: structure and the nucleation/growth of Pd. Phys. Rev. B 56:13464-82
104. Nilius N, Kulawik M, Rust HP, Freund HJ. 2004. Quantization of electronic states in individual oxidesupported silver particles. Surf. Sci. 572:347-54
105. Hovel H, Grimm B, Bodecker M, Fieger K, Reihl B. 2000. Tunneling spectroscopy on silver clusters at T = 5 K: size dependence and spatial energy shifts. Surf. Sci. Lett. 463:L603-8
106. Chen MS, Cai Y, Yan Z, Goodman DW. 2006. On the origin of the unique properties of suppored Au bilayers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128:6341-46 (Pubitemid 43727271)
107. KamerPCJ,Reek JNH, Van LeeuwenPWNM.2002. Rhodium phosphite catalysts. In RhodiumCatalyzed Hydroformylation, ed. PWNM Van Leeuwen, C Claver, pp. 35-59. New York: Kluwer Acad.
108. 2. J. Catal. 151:253-65
109. Chuang SSC, Stevens RW Jr, Khatri R. 2005. Mechanism of C2+ oxygenate synthesis on Rh catalysts. Top. Catal. 32:225-32
110. 2 catalysts. J. Catal. 135:618-34
111. 2-supported rhodium for ethylene hydroformylation. Catal. Lett. 32:61-81
112. Hanaoka T, Arakawa H, Matsuzaki T, Sugi Y, Kanno K, Abe Y. 2000. Ethylene hydroformylation and carbon monoxide hydrogenation over modified and unmodified silica supported rhodium catalysts. Catal. Today 58:271-80
113. McClure SM, Lunddwall MJ, Goodman DW. 2011. Supported metal clusters as models for catalysis: silica supported Rh nanoparticles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108:931-36
114. 2 supported Pt-group metals. Top. Catal. 54:351-62
115. Solymosi F, Pásztor M. 1986. Infrared study of the effect of hydrogen on carbon monoxide-induced structural changes in supported rhodium. J. Phys. Chem. 90:5312-17
116. Yang AC, Garland CW. 1957. Infrared studies of carbon monoxide chemisorbed on rhodium. J. Phys. Chem. 61:1504-12
117. Henderson MA, Worley SD. 1985. An infrared study of the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide on supported rhodium catalysts. J. Phys. Chem. 89:1417-23
118. Worley SD, Mattson GA, Caudill R. 1983. An infrared study of the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide on supported rhodium catalysts. J. Phys. Chem. 87:1671-73
119. 2 on supported rhodium catalyst. J. Catal. 68:371-82
120. 2 surface interaction over supported rhodium. J. Catal. 104:312-22