Determining quality of life in stroke survivors

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 199-211

  Carod Artal, Francisco Javier ^a  

^a Virgen de la Luz Hospital   (Spain)

Author keywords

caregiver; outcome; post stroke depression; quality of life; stroke; stroke scales

Indexed keywords

ALTEPLASE; XIMELAGATRAN;

APHASIA; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; BURDEN OF STROKE SCALE; CAREGIVER BURDEN; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; COMORBIDITY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DEPRESSION; DISABILITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FOLLOW UP; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; INSTRUMENT VALIDATION; LIFE EXPECTANCY; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POST STROKE DEPRESSION; PSYCHOMETRY; QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR; QUALITY OF LIFE; RATING SCALE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SHORT FORM 36; SOCIAL PARTICIPATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STROKE IMPACT SCALE; SURVIVOR;

APHASIA; CAREGIVERS; CHRONIC DISEASE; COST OF ILLNESS; DEPRESSION; HUMANS; PSYCHOMETRICS; QUALITY OF LIFE; QUALITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS; QUESTIONNAIRES; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; STROKE; SURVIVORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84859473202     PISSN: 14737167     EISSN: 17448379     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/erp.11.104     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Langhorne P, Sandercock P, Prasad K. Evidence-based practice for stroke. Lancet Neurol. 8, 308-309 (2000).
2. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJL. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 367, 1747-1757 (2006). (Pubitemid 43767064)
3. Rosamond W, Flegal K, Furie K et al; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 117, e25-e146 (2008).
4. Langhorne P, Bernhardt J, Kwakkel G. Stroke rehabilitation. Lancet 377, 1693-1702 (2011).
5. Mar J, Sainz-Ezkerra M, Moler-Cuiral JA. Calculation of prevalence estimates through differential equations: application to stroke-related disability. Neuroepidemiology 31(1), 57-66 (2008). (Pubitemid 351957399)
6. Carod-Artal FJ, Medeiros MS, Horan TA, Braga LW. Predictive factors of functional gain in long-term stroke survivors admitted to a rehabilitation programme. Brain Inj. 19, 667-673 (2005). (Pubitemid 40959959)
7. Dhamoon MS, Moon YP, Paik MC et al. Long-term functional recovery after first ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke 40(8), 2805-2811 (2009).
8. Lavados PM, Hennis AJ, Fernandes JG et al. Stroke epidemiology, prevention, and management strategies at a regional level: Latin America and the Caribbean. Lancet Neurol. 6(4), 362-372 (2007). (Pubitemid 46389614)
9. WHOQOL Group. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychol. Med. 28, 551-558 (1998).
10. Carod-Artal J, Egido JA, González JL, Varela De Seijas E. Quality of life among stroke survivors evaluated 1 year after stroke: experience of a stroke unit. Stroke 31(12), 2995-3000 (2000).
11. Carod-Artal FJ, Egido JA. Quality of life after stroke: the importance of a good recovery. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 27(Suppl. 1), 204-214 (2009).
12. Martínez-Martin P, Carod-Artal FJ, da Silveira Ribeiro L et al. Longitudinal psychometric attributes, responsiveness, and importance of change: an approach using the SCOPA-Psychosocial questionnaire. Mov. Disord. 23(11), 1516-1523 (2008).
13. Carod-Artal FJ, Ribeiro Lda S, Kummer W, Martinez-Martin P. Psychometric properties of the SCOPA-AUT Brazilian Portuguese version. Mov. Disord. 25(2), 205-212 (2010).
14. Bach JP, Riedel O, Pieper L, Klotsche J, Dodel R, Wittchen HU. Health-related quality of life in patients with a history of myocardial infarction and stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 31(1), 68-76 (2011).
15. Raju RS, Sarma PS, Pandian JD. Psychosocial problems, quality of life, and functional independence among Indian stroke survivors. Stroke 41(12), 2932-2937 (2010).
16. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). I: conceptual framework and item selection. Med. Care 30, 473-483 (1992).
17. Bergner M, Bobbitt RA, Carter WB, Gilson BS. The sickness impact profile: development and final revision of a health status measure. Med. Care 19, 787-805 (1981). (Pubitemid 11021288)
18. Ebrahim S, Barer D, Nouri F. Use of the Nottingham Health Profile with patients after a stroke. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 40(2), 166-169 (1986). (Pubitemid 16069008)
19. [No authors listed]. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. The WHOQOL Group. Psychol. Med. 28 (3), 551-558 (1998).
20. Van Straten A, de Haan RJ, Limburg M, Schuling J, Bossuyt PM, van den Bos GA. A stroke-adapted 30-item version of the Sickness Impact Profile to assess quality of life (SA-SIP30). Stroke 28, 2155-2161 (1998). (Pubitemid 27497915)
21. Carod-Artal FJ, González-Gutiérrez JL, Egido-Herrero JA, Varela de Seijas E. The psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the stroke-adapted 30-item Sickness Impact Profile (SIP30-AI). Rev. Neurol. 45(11), 647-654 (2007). (Pubitemid 350292862)
22. Lennon OC, Carey A, Creed A, Durcan S, Blake C. Reliability and validity of COOP/WONCA functional health status charts for stroke patients in primary care. J. Stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 31, 20(5), 465-473 (2010).
23. Feeny D, Furlong W, Boyle M, Torrance GW. Multi-attribute health status classification systems. Health Utilities Index. Pharmacoeconomics 7(6), 490-502 (1995).
24. The EQ-5D Group. EQ-5D - a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy 16, 199-208 (1990).
25. Pickard SA, Johnson JA, Feeny DH. Responsiveness of generic health-related quality of life measures in stroke. Qual. Life. Res. 14, 207-219 (2005). (Pubitemid 40249095)
26. Hawthorne G, Osborne R. Population norms and meaningful differences for the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) measure. Aust. NZ J. Public. Health. 29(2), 136-142 (2005). (Pubitemid 40585235)
27. Post PN, Stiggelbout AM, Wakker PP. The utility of health states after stroke: a systematic review of literature. Stroke 32, 1425-1429 (2001). (Pubitemid 32530435)
28. Mar J, Begiristain JM, Arrazola A. Cost-effectiveness analysis of thrombolytic treatment for stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 20(3), 193-200 (2005). (Pubitemid 41254181)
29. Jung KT, Shin DW, Lee KJ, Oh M. Cost-effectiveness of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the management of acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review. J. Clin. Neurol. 6(3), 117-126 (2010).
30. O'Brien CL, Gage BF. Costs and effectiveness of ximelagatran for stroke prophylaxis in chronic atrial fibrillation. JAMA 293(6), 699-706 (2005). (Pubitemid 40216039)
31. Carod-Artal FJ. Specific scales for rating quality of life after stroke. Rev. Neurol. 39, 1052-1062 (2004). (Pubitemid 40568336)
32. Duncan PW, Bode RK, Min Lai S, Perera S; Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection Americans Investigators. Rasch analysis of a new stroke-specific outcome scale: the Stroke Impact Scale. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab. 84, 950-963 (2003). (Pubitemid 36835117)
33. Carod-Artal FJ, Coral LF, Trizotto DS, Moreira CM. The stroke impact scale 3.0: evaluation of acceptability, reliability, and validity of the Brazilian version. Stroke 39(9), 2477-2484 (2008).
34. Duncan PW, Lai SM, Bode RK, Pereira S, DeRosa J. Stroke Impact Scale-16: a brief assessment of physical function. Neurology 60(2), 291-296 (2003). (Pubitemid 36152025)
35. Lin KC, Fu T, Wu CY et al. Minimal detectable change and clinically important difference of the Stroke Impact Scale in stroke patients. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 24(5), 486-492 (2010).
36. Fulk GD, Ludwig M, Dunning K, Golden S, Boyne P, West T. How much change in the stroke impact scale-16 is important to people who have experienced a stroke? Top. Stroke Rehabil. 17(6), 477-483 (2010).
37. Williams LS, Weinberger M, Harris LE, Clark DO, Biller J. Development of a stroke-specific quality of life scale. Stroke 30, 1362-1369 (1999). (Pubitemid 29296062)
38. Ewert T, Stucki G. Validity of the SS-QoL in Germany and in survivors of hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 21, 161-168 (2007).
39. Teixeira-Salmela LF, Neto MG, Magalhães LC, Lima RC, Faria CD. Content comparisons of stroke-specific quality of life based upon the international classification of functioning, disability, and health. Qual. Life. Res. 18(6), 765-773 (2009).
40. Hsueh IP, Jeng JS, Lee Y, Sheu CF, Hsieh CL. Construct validity of the stroke-specific quality of life questionnaire in ischemic stroke patients. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 92(7), 1113-1118 (2011).
41. Lin KC, Fu T, Wu CY, Hsieh CJ. Assessing the stroke-specific quality of life for outcome measurement in stroke rehabilitation: minimal detectable change and clinically important difference. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 9, 5 (2011).
42. Post MW, Boosman H, van Zandvoort MM, Passier PE, Rinkel GJ, Visser-Meily JM. Development and validation of a short version of the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 82(3), 283-286 (2011).
43. Boosman H, Passier PECA, Visser- Meily JAM, Rinkel GAB, Post MWM. Validation of the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale in patients with aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 81, 485-489 (2010).
44. Hilari K, Byng S, Lamping DL, Smith SC. Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 (SAQOL-39): evaluation of acceptability, reliability, and validity. Stroke 34, 1944-1950 (2003). (Pubitemid 36944786)
45. Hilari K, Lamping DL, Smith SC, Northcott S, Lamb A, Marshall J. Psychometric properties of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale (SAQOL-39) in a generic stroke population. Clin. Rehabil. 23(6), 544-557 (2009).
46. Doyle PJ, McNeil MR, Mikolic JM et al. The Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS) provides valid and reliable score estimates of functioning and wellbeing in stroke survivors with and without communication disorders. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 57(10), 997-1007 (2004). (Pubitemid 39446638)
47. Doyle PJ, McNeil MR, Bost JE et al. The Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS) provided valid, reliable, and responsive score estimates of functioning and wellbeing during the first year of recovery from stroke. Qual. Life Res. 16(8), 1389-1398 (2007). (Pubitemid 47459886)
48. Buck D, Jacoby A, Massey A, Steen N, Sharma A, Ford GA. Development and validation of NEWSQOL, the Newcastle Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Measure. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 17(2-3), 143-152 (2004). (Pubitemid 38529190)
49. Hamedani AG, Wells CK, Brass LM et al. A quality-of-life instrument for young hemorrhagic stroke patients. Stroke 32(3), 687-695 (2001).
50. Delcourt C, Hackett M, Wu Y et al. ChinaQUEST Investigators. Determinants of quality of life after stroke in China: the ChinaQUEST (Quality Evaluation of Stroke care and Treatment) study. Stroke 42(2), 433-438 (2011).
51. Ojo Owolabi M. Psychometric properties of the HRQOLISP-40: a novel, shortened multiculturally valid holistic stroke measure. Neurorehabil. Neural. Repair. 24(9), 814-825 (2010).
52. Carod-Artal FJ, Ferreira Coral L, Stieven Trizotto D, Menezes Moreira C. Self- and proxy-report agreement on the Stroke Impact Scale. Stroke 40(10), 3308-3314 (2009).
53. Williams LS, Bakas T, Brizendine E et al. How valid are family proxy assessments of stroke patients' health-related quality of life? Stroke 37, 2081-2085 (2006). (Pubitemid 44309908)
54. Hilari K, Owen S, Farrelly SJ. Proxy and self-report agreement on the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 78, 1072-1075 (2007).
55. Pickard AS, Johnson JA, Feeny DH, Shuaib A, Carriere KC, Nasser AM. Agreement between patient and proxy assessments of health-related quality of life after stroke using the EQ-5D and Health Utilities Index. Stroke 35(2), 607-612 (2004). (Pubitemid 38174458)
56. Carod-Artal FJ, Trizotto DS, Coral LF, Moreira CM. Determinants of quality of life in Brazilian stroke survivors. J. Neurol. Sci. 284, 63-68 (2009).
57. Patel MD, McKevitt C, Lawrence E, Rudd AG, Wolfe CD. Clinical determinants of long-term quality of life after stroke. Age Ageing 36, 316-322 (2007). (Pubitemid 47072326)
58. Naess H, Waje-Andreassen U, Thomassen L, Nyland H, Myhr KM. Health-related quality of life among young adults with ischemic stroke on long-term follow-up. Stroke 37, 1232-1236 (2006). (Pubitemid 43731868)
59. Jönsson AC, Lindgren I, Hallström B, Norrving B, Lindgren A. Determinants of quality of life in stroke survivors and their informal caregivers. Stroke 36, 803-808 (2005).
60. Paul SL, Sturm JW, Dewey HM, Donnan GA, Macdonell RA, Thrift AG. Long-term outcome in the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study: predictors of quality of life at 5 years after stroke. Stroke 36, 2082-2086 (2005). (Pubitemid 41429224)
61. Rønning OM, Stavem K. Determinants of change in quality of life from 1 to 6 months following acute stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 25, 67-73 (2007).
62. White JH, Alston MK, Marquez JL et al. Community-dwelling stroke survivors: function is not the whole story with quality of life. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 88, 1140-1146 (2007). (Pubitemid 47362021)
63. Neuner B, von Mackensen S, Krümpel A et al. Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with stroke, self-reports, and parent/proxies reports: cross-sectional investigation. Ann. Neurol. 70(1), 70-78 (2011).
64. Visser-Meily A, Post M, Meijer AM, van de Port I, Maas C, Lindeman E. When a parent has a stroke: clinical course and prediction of mood, behaviour problems, and health status of their young children. Stroke 36, 2436-2440 (2005). (Pubitemid 41566973)
65. Tang WK, Lu JY, Chen YK, Mok VC, Ungvari GS, Wong KS. Is fatigue associated with short-term health-related quality of life in stroke? Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 91(10), 1511-1515 (2010).
66. Rand D, Eng JJ, Tang PF, Hung C, Jeng JS. Daily physical activity and its contribution to the health-related quality of life of ambulatory individuals with chronic stroke. Health. Qual. Life. Outcomes 8, 80 (2010).
67. Jones F, Riazi A. Self-efficacy and self-management after stroke: a systematic review. Disabil. Rehabil. 33(10), 797-810 (2011).
68. Hilari K, Byng S. Health-related quality of life in people with severe aphasia. Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord. 44(2), 193-205 (2009).
69. Hilari K. The impact of stroke: are people with aphasia different to those without? Disabil. Rehabil. 33(3), 211-218 (2011).
70. Green TL, King KM. Functional and psychosocial outcomes 1 year after mild stroke. J. Stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 19(1), 10-16 (2010).
71. Carod-Artal FJ, Ziomkowski S, Mourao Mesquita H, Martínez Martin P. Anxiety and depression: main determinants of health-related quality of life in Brazilian patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism. Relat. Disord. 14, 102-108 (2008). (Pubitemid 351726306)
72. Carod-Artal FJ, Vargas AP, Martinez-Martin P. Determinants of quality of life in Brazilian patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 22(10), 1408-1415 (2007). (Pubitemid 47280625)
73. Carod-Artal FJ. Post-stroke depression: can prediction help prevention? Future Neurology 5(4), 569-580 (2010).
74. Carod-Artal FJ. Post-stroke depression (I). Epidemiology, diagnostic criteria and risk factors. Rev. Neurol. 42, 169-175 (2006). (Pubitemid 47367306)
75. Carod-Artal FJ, Ferreira Coral L, Trizotto DS, Menezes Moreira C. Post-stroke depression: prevalence and determinants in Brazilian stroke patients. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 28, 157-165 (2009).
76. Donnellan C, Hickey A, Hevey D, O'Neill D. Effect of mood symptoms on recovery one year after stroke. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 25(12), 1288-1295 (2010).
77. Teoh V, Sims J, Milgrom J. Psychosocial predictors of quality of life in a sample of community-dwelling stroke survivors: a longitudinal study. Top. Stroke Rehabil. 16(2), 157-166 (2009).
78. Jette AM, Keysor J, Coster W, Ni P, Haley S. Beyond function: predicting participation in a rehabilitation cohort. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab. 86, 2087-2094 (2005). (Pubitemid 41566202)
79. Haley WE, Roth DL, Kissela B, Perkins M, Howard G. Quality of life after stroke: a prospective longitudinal study. Qual. Life. Res. 20(6), 799-806 (2011).
80. Boosman H, Schepers VP, Post MW, Visser-Meily JM. Social activity contributes independently to life satisfaction three years post stroke. Clin. Rehabil. 25(5), 460-467 (2011).
81. Darlington AS, Dippel DW, Ribbers GM, van Balen R, Passchier J, Busschbach JJ. Coping strategies as determinants of quality of life in stroke patients: a longitudinal study. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 23(5-6), 401-407 (2007). (Pubitemid 46742329)
82. Dalemans R, de Witte LP, Lemmens J, van den Heuvel WJ, Wade DT. Measures for rating social participation in people with aphasia: a systematic review. Clin. Rehabil. 22(6), 542-555 (2008).
83. Dhamoon MS, Moon YP, Paik MC et al. Quality of life declines after first ischemic stroke. The Northern Manhattan Study. Neurology 75(4), 328-334 (2010).
84. Sturm JW, Donnan GA, Dewey HM. Quality of life after stroke: the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Stroke 35, 2340-2345 (2004). (Pubitemid 39311260)
85. Leach MJ, Gall SL, Dewey HM, Macdonell RA, Thrift AG. Factors associated with quality of life in 7-year survivors of stroke. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 82(12), 1365-1371 (2011).
86. Barker-Collo S, Feigin VL, Parag V, Lawes CM, Senior H. Auckland Stroke Outcomes Study. Part 2: Cognition and functional outcomes 5 years poststroke. Neurology 75(18), 1608-1616 (2010).
87. Ilse IB, Feys H, de Wit L, Putman K, de Weerdt W. Stroke caregivers' strain: prevalence and determinants in the first six months after stroke. Disabil. Rehabil. 30(7), 523-530 (2008). (Pubitemid 351455014)
88. Wilz G, Kalytta T. Anxiety symptoms in spouses of stroke patients. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 25, 311-315 (2008). (Pubitemid 351555853)
89. Carlsson GE, Forsberg-Wärleby G, Möller A, Blomstrand C. Comparison of life satisfaction within couples one year after a partner's stroke. J. Rehabil. Med. 39, 219-224 (2007).
90. Carod-Artal FJ, Ferreira Coral L, Trizotto DS, Menezes Moreira C. Burden and perceived health status among caregivers of stroke patients. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 28, 472-480 (2009).
91. Haley WE, Roth DL, Howard G, Safford MM. Caregiving strain and estimated risk for stroke and coronary heart disease among spouse caregivers: differential effects by race and sex. Stroke 41(2), 331-336 (2010).
92. Lui MHL, Ross FM, Thompson DR. Supporting family caregivers in stroke care. A review of the evidence for problem solving. Stroke 36, 2514-2522 (2005). (Pubitemid 41566990)
93. Krevers B, Oberg B. Support/services and family carers of persons with stroke impairment: perceived importance and services received. J. Rehabil. Med. 43(3), 204-209 (2011).
94. Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist 20, 649-655 (1980). (Pubitemid 11170845)
95. Cramm JM, Strating MM, Nieboer AP. Validation of the caregivers' satisfaction with Stroke Care Questionnaire: C-SASC hospital scale. J. Neurol. 258(6), 1008-1012 (2011).
96. Carod-Artal FJ. Neurological rehabilitation and continuity of care after stroke. Neurologia 26(3), 190 (2011).
97. Studenski S, Duncan PW, Perera S et al. Daily functioning and quality of life in a randomized controlled trial of therapeutic exercise for subacute stroke survivors. Stroke 36, 1764-1770 (2005). (Pubitemid 41098776)
98. Fjaertoft H, Indredavik B, Johnsen R, Lydersen S. Acute stroke unit combined with early supported discharge. Long-term effects on quality of life. A randomized controlled trial. Clin. Rehabil. 18, 580-586 (2004). (Pubitemid 39076883)
99. Boter H; HESTIA Study Group. Multicenter randomized controlled trial of an outreach nursing support program for recently discharged stroke patients. Stroke 35, 2867-2872 (2004). (Pubitemid 39565186)
100. Leeds L, Meara J, Hobson P. The impact of discharge to a care home on longer term stroke outcomes. Clin. Rehabil. 18, 924-928 (2004). (Pubitemid 39642272)
101. Lees KR, Zivin JA, Ashwood T et al. Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment (SAINT I) Trial Investigators. NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 588-560 (2006).
102. McCullagh E, Brigstocke G, Donaldson N, Kalra L. Determinants of caregiving burden and quality of life in caregivers of stroke patients. Stroke 36, 2181-2186 (2005). (Pubitemid 41429242)
103. Chen MD, Rimmer JH. Effects of exercise on quality of life in stroke survivors: a meta-analysis. Stroke 42(3), 832-837 (2011).
104. Combs SA, Dugan EL, Passmore M et al. Balance, balance confidence, and health-related quality of life in persons with chronic stroke after body weight-supported treadmill training. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 91(12), 1914-1919 (2010).
105. Holmgren E, Gosman-Hedström G, Lindström B, Wester P. What is the benefit of a high-intensive exercise program on health-related quality of life and depression after stroke? A randomized controlled trial. Adv. Physiother. 12(3), 125-133 (2010).
106. Hohmann C, Radziwill R, Klotz JM, Jacobs AH. Health-related quality of life after ischemic stroke: the impact of pharmaceutical interventions on drug therapy (pharmaceutical care concept). Health. Qual. Life. Outcomes 8, 59 (2010).
107. Lin KC, Chang YF, Wu CY, Chen YA. Effects of constraint-induced therapy versus bilateral arm training on motor performance, daily functions, and quality of life in stroke survivors. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 23(5), 441-448 (2009).
108. Erban P, Woertgen C, Luerding R, Bogdahn U, Schlachetzki F, Horn M. Long-term outcome after hemicraniectomy for space occupying right hemispheric MCA infarction. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 108(4), 384-387 (2006).
109. Mitchell PH, Veith RC, Becker KJ et al. Brief psychosocial-behavioral intervention with antidepressant reduces poststroke depression significantly more than usual care with antidepressant: living well with stroke: randomized, controlled trial. Stroke 40, 3073-3078 (2009).
110. Muren MA, Hütler M, Hooper J. Functional capacity and health-related quality of life in individuals post stroke. Top. Stroke Rehabil. 15(1), 51-58 (2008). (Pubitemid 351160092)
111. Knapp P, Young J, House A, Forster A. Non-drug strategies to resolve psycho-social difficulties after stroke. Age Ageing 29, 23-30 (2000). (Pubitemid 30055059)
112. Bergström AL, Eriksson G, von Koch L, Tham K. Combined life satisfaction of persons with stroke and their caregivers: associations with caregiver burden and the impact of stroke. Health. Qual. Life. Outcomes 9, 1 (2011).
113. Bode RK, Heinemann AW, Butt Z et al. Development and validation of participation and positive psychologic function measures for stroke survivors. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 91(9), 1347-1356 (2010).
114. Lin KC, Fu T, Wu CY, Hsieh YW, Chen CL, Lee PC. Psychometric comparisons of the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 and Stroke- Specific Quality of Life Scale. Qual. Life Res. 19(3), 435-443 (2010).
115. Sprigg N, Gray LJ, Bath PM et al.; TAIST Investigators. Quality of life after ischemic stroke varies in western countries: data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (TAIST). J. Stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. doi:10.1016/j. jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.01.007 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).