Crustal thickness controlled by plate tectonics: A review of crust-mantle interaction processes illustrated by European examples

Tectonophysics

Volumn 530-531, Issue , 2012, Pages 18-49

  Artemieva, Irina M ^a   Meissner, Rolf ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Delamination; Eclogitization; Extension; Magmatism; Seismic reflectivity; Variscides

Indexed keywords

ECLOGITIZATION; EXTENSION; MAGMATISM; SEISMIC REFLECTIVITY; VARISCIDES;

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; DELAMINATION; MATERIALS; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; RECYCLING; SEISMOLOGY; TECTONICS;

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

BASALT; CONTINENTAL CRUST; CRUST-MANTLE BOUNDARY; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; DELAMINATION; ECLOGITE; GABBRO; HERCYNIAN OROGENY; MAGMATISM; PLATE TECTONICS; SEISMIC REFLECTION; SEISMIC VELOCITY;

EID: 84858289459     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.037     Document Type: Review

References (382)

1. Abbott D.H., Hoffman S.E. Archean plate tectonics revisited 1: Heat flow, spreading rate, and the age of subducting oceanic lithosphere, and their effects on the origin and evolution of continents. Tectonics 1984, 3:429-448.
2. Abbott D., Menke W. Length of the global plate boundary at 2.4Ga. Geology 1990, 18:58-61.
3. Abbott D., Burgess L., Longhi J., Smith W. An empirical thermal history of the Earth's upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99(B7):13835-13850.
4. Abramovitz T., Berthelsen A., Thybo H. Proterozoic sutures and terranes in the southeastern Baltic Shield interpreted from BABEL deep seismic data. Tectonophysics 1997, 270:259-277.
5. Abramovitz T., Thybo H., MONA LISA Working Group Seismic structure across the Caledonian Deformation Front along MONA LISA profile 1 in the southeastern North Sea. Tectonophysics 1998, 288:153-176.
6. Ahrens T.J., Schubert G. Gabbro-eclogite reaction-rate and its geophysical significance. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics 1975, 13:383-400.
7. Aichroth B., Prodehl C., Thybo H. Crustal structure along the central segment of the EGT from seismic-refraction studies. Tectonophysics 1992, 207:43-64.
8. Allègre C.J. Chemical geodynamics. Tectonophysics 1982, 81:109-132.
9. Allmendinger R.W., Sharp J.W., Vontish D., Serpa L., Brown L., Kaufman S., Oliver J., Smith R.B. Cenozoic and Mesozoic structure of the eastern Basin and Range province from COCORP seismic reflection data. Geology 1983, 11:532-536.
10. Allmendinger R.W., Hauge T.A., Hauser E.C., Potter C.J., Oliver J. Tectonic heredity and the layered lower crust in the Basin and Range Province. Geological Society Special Publication 1987, 28:223-246.
11. Anderson D.L. New Theory of the Earth 2007, Cambridge University Press, 379 pp.
12. Anderson F.S., Smrekar S.E. Global mapping of crustal and lithospheric thickness on Venus. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:E08006. 10.1029/2004JE002395.
13. Anell I., Thybo H., Artemieva I.M. Cenozoic uplift and subsidence in the North Atlantic region: geological evidence revisited. Tectonophysics 2009, 474:78-105.
14. Armstrong R.L. Radiogenic isotopes: the case for crustal recycling on a near-steady-state no-continental growth Earth. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 1981, 301:443-472.
15. Artemieva I.M. Lithospheric structure, composition, and thermal regime of the East European craton: implications for the subsidence of the Russian Platform. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 213:429-444.
16. Artemieva I.M. Global 1°×1° thermal model TC1 for the continental lithosphere: implications for lithosphere secular evolution. Tectonophysics 2006, 416:245-277.
17. Artemieva I.M. Dynamic topography of the East European Craton: shedding light upon the lithospheric structure, composition and mantle dynamics. Global Planetary Change 2007, 58:411-434.
18. Artemieva I.M. The continental lithosphere: reconciling thermal, seismic, and petrologic data. Lithos 2009, 109:23-46.
19. Artemieva I.M. The lithosphere: An Interdisciplinary Approach 2011, Cambridge University Press, 794 pp.
20. Artemieva I.M., Mooney W.D. Thermal structure and evolution of Precambrian lithosphere: a global study. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:16387-16414.
21. Artemieva I.M., Mooney W.D. On the relation between cratonic lithosphere thickness, plate motions, and basal drag. Tectonophysics 2002, 358:211-231.
22. Artemieva I.M., Thybo H. Deep Norden: Highlights of the lithospheric structure of Northern Europe, Iceland, and Greenland. Episodes 2008, 31(1):98-106.
23. Artemieva I.M., Thybo H., 2012. Crustal structure of Europe, Greenland, and the North Atlantic region: Synthesis and analysis. In: Artemieva I.M., L. Brown, B. Kennett, H. Thybo (Eds.), Moho: 100 years after Andrija Mohorovičić. Tectonophysics Special Issue (in submission).
24. Artemieva I.M., Thybo H., Kaban M.K. Deep Europe today: geophysical synthesis of the upper mantle structure and lithospheric processes over 3.5Ga. Geological Society of London, Memoirs 2006, 32:11-41.
25. Artyushkov E.V. Physical Geotectonics 1993, Nauka, Moscow, 455 pp.
26. Asencio E., Knapp J.H., Owens T.J., Helfrich G. Mapping fine-scale heterogeneities with the continental mantle lithosphere beneath Scotland: combining active-and passive-source seismology. Geology 2003, 6:477-480.
27. Ashwal L.D. The temporality of anorthosites. The Canadian Mineralogist 2010, 48:711-728.
28. Atwater T., Stokes J. Pacific North America plate tectonics of the Neogene southwestern United States: an update. International Geology Review 1998, 40:375-402.
29. Austrheim H., Erambert M., Engvik A.K. Processing of crust in the root of the Caledonian continental collision zone: the role of eclogitization. Tectonophysics 1997, 273:129-153.
30. BABEL Working Group Evidence for early Proterozoic plate tectonics from seismic reflection profiles in the Baltic Shield. Nature 1990, 348:34-38.
31. BABEL Working Group Deep seismic reflection/refraction interpretation of crustal structure along BABEL profiles A and B in the southern Baltic Sea. Geophysical Journal International 1993, 112:243-325.
32. Babuška V., Plomerová J. The lithosphere in central Europe-seismological and petrological aspects. Tectonophysics 1992, 207:141-163.
33. Babuška V., Plomerová J., Vecsey L., Granet M., Achauer U. Seismic anisotropy of the French Massif Central and predisposition of Cenozoic rifting and volcanism by Variscan suture hidden in the mantle lithosphere. Tectonics 2002, 21(4):11-1-11-20.
34. Balling N. Deep seismic reflection evidence for ancient subduction and collision zones within the continental lithosphere of northwestern Europe. Tectonophysics 2000, 329:269-300.
35. Barth M., McDonough W.F., Rudnick R.L. Tracking the budget of Nb and Ta in the continental crust. Chemical Geology 2000, 165:197-213.
36. Bauer K., Trumbull R.B., Victor T. Geophysical images and a crustal model of intrusive structures beneath the Messum ring complex in Nabimia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 216:65-80.
37. Bayer U., Scheck M., Hauf Y. Structural evolution of the Northeast German Basin during Early Permian to Keuper-volumetric analysis of sediment accumulation. Terra Nostra 1995, 95:80-89.
38. Bayer U., Scheck M., Rabbel W., Krawczyk C.M., Götze H.-J., Stiller M., Beilecke Th., Marotta A.-M., Barrio-Alvers L., Kuder J. An integrated study of the NE German Basin. Tectonophysics 1999, 314:285-307.
39. Beck S.L. The nature of orogenic crust in the central Andes. Journal of Geophysical Research 2002, 107. art. No. 2230.
40. Behm M., Bruckl E., Chwatal W., Thybo H. Application of stacking and inversion techniques to three-dimensional wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic data of the Eastern Alps. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 170:275-298.
41. Behr H.J., Heinrichs T. Geological interpretation of DEKORP 2-S: a deep seismic reflection profile across the Saxothuringian and possible implications for the Late Variscan structural evolution of Central Europe. Tectonophysics 1987, 142:173-202.
42. Belousova E.A., Kostitsyn Y.A., Griffin W.L., Begg G.C., O'Reilly S.Y., Pearson N.J. The growth of the continental crust: constraints from zircon Hf-isotope data. Lithos 2010, 119:457-466.
43. Bercovici D., Ricard Y., Richards M.A. The relation between mantle dynamics and plate tectonics: a primer. Geophys. Monogr. 2000, 121:5-46. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. M.A. Richards, R. Gordon, R. van der Hilst (Eds.).
44. Berthelsen A. The Tornquist Zone northwest of the Carpathians: an intraplate pseudosuture. GFF 1998, 120:223-230.
45. Berzin R., Oncken O., Knapp J.H., Perez-Estaun J.H., Hismatulin A., Yunusov N., Lipilin A. Orogenic evolution of the Ural Mountains: results from an integrated experiment. Science 1996, 274:220-221.
46. Bijwaard H., Spakman W. Non-linear global P-wave tomography by iterated linearized inversion. Geophysical Journal International 2000, 141:71-82.
47. Bilgili F., Götze H.J., Pasteka R., Schmict S., Hackney R. Intrusion versus Inversion-a 3D density model of the southern rim of the Northwest German Basin. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau) 2007, 10.1007/s00631-007-0257-y.
48. Bird P. Continental delamination and the Colorado Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research 1979, 84:7561-7571.
49. Bird P., Liu Z., Rucker W.K. Stresses that drive the plates from below: definitions, computational path, model optimization, and error analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research B 2008, 113:11406. 10.1029/2007JB005460.
50. Blanco M.J., Spakman W. The P-wave velocity structure of the mantle below the Iberian Peninsula: evidence for subducted lithosphere below southern Spain. Tectonophysics 1993, 221:13-34.
51. Block L., Royden L. Core complex geometries and regional scale flow in the lower crust. Tectonics 1990, 9:557-567.
52. A Continent Revealed. The European Geotraverse 1992, Cambridge University Press, 275 pp. D. Blundell, R. Freeman, S. Mueller (Eds.).
53. Bourdon B., Touboul M., Caro G., et al. Early differentiation of the Earth and the 2228 Moon. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 2008, 366(1883):4105-4128.
54. Boutelier D.A., Cruden A. Impact of regional mantle flow on subducting plate geometry and interplate stress: insights from physical modelling. Geophysical Journal International 2008, 174:719-732.
55. Boutelier D., Chemenda A., Jorand C. Continental subduction and exhumation of high-pressure rocks: insight from thermo-mechanical laboratory modeling. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 222:209-216.
56. 142Nd evidence for early (4.53Ga) global differentiation of the silicate Earth. Science 2005, 309:576-581.
57. Breitsprecher K., Thorkelson D.J., Groome W.G., et al. Geochemical confirmation of the Kula-Farallon slab window beneath the Pacific Northwest in Eocene time. Geology 2003, 31:351-354.
58. Brink H.-J. The evolution of the North German Basin and the metamorphism of the lower crust. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau) 2005, 94:1103-1116.
59. Bromley A.V., Holl C.J. Mineral Processing at a Crossroads 1986, Kluwer Acad. Publ.
60. Burov E.B., Watts A.B. The long-term strength of continental lithosphere: "jelly sandwich" or "crème brÛlée"?. GSA Today 2006, 16:1. 10.1130/1052-5173(2006) 016.
61. Calvert A.J., Sawyer E.W., Davis W.J., Ludden J.N. Archean subduction inferred from seismic images of a mantle suture in the Superior province. Nature 1995, 375:670-674.
62. Calvert A., Sandvol E., Seber D., et al. Geodynamic evolution of the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the Alboran region of the western Mediterranean: constraints from travel time tomography. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:10871-10898.
63. Campbell I.H., Griffiths R.W. The changing nature of mantle hotspots through time: implications for the chemical evolution of the mantle. Journal of Geology 1992, 92:497-523.
64. Canales J.P., Nedinovi M.R., Kent G.M., Carbotte S.M., Detrik R.S. Seismic reflection images of a near-axis melt sill within the lower crust at the Juan de Fuca ridge. Nature 2009, 460:89-93.
65. Canup R. Simulation of a late lunar-forming impact. Icarus 2004, 168:433-456.
66. Carbonell R., Perez-Estaun A., Gallart J., Diaz J., Kashubin S., Mechie J., Stadtlander R., Schulze A., Knapp J.H., Morozov A. A crustal root beneath the Urals: wide-angle seismic evidence. Science 1996, 274:222-224.
67. Carlson R. Geodynamic Controls on the Chemical Structure of the Mantle. IUGG Prog. and Abstr., Melbourne, Abstract # 2776 2011.
68. Carlson R.W., Lugmair G.W. The age of ferroan anorthosite 60025: oldest crust on a young Moon. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1988, 90:119-130.
69. Caro G., Bourdon B. Non-chondritic Sm/Nd ratio in the terrestrial planets: consequences for the geochemical evolution of the mantle-crust system. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2010, 74:3333-3349.
70. Castellarin A., Cantelli L. Neo-Alpine evolution of the Southern Eastern Alps. Journal of Geodynamics 2000, 30:251-274.
71. Catling D.C. On Earth, as it is on Mars?. Nature 2004, 429:707-708.
72. The TRANSMED Atlas-The Mediterranean Region from Crust to Mantle 2004, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 141 pp. and CD-ROM. W. Cavazza, F. Roure, W. Spakman, G.M. Stampfli, P.A. Ziegler (Eds.).
73. Cawood P.A., Kröner A., Pisarevsky S. Precambrian plate tectonics: criteria and evidence. GSA Today 2006, 16(7):4-11.
74. Chian D., Marillier F., Hall J., Quinlan G. An improved velocity model for the crust and upper mantle along the central mobile belt of the Newfoundland Appalachian orogen and its offshore extension. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1998, 35:1238-1251.
75. Choukroune P. The ECORS Pyrenean deep seismic profile reflection data and the overall structure of an orogenic belt. Tectonics 1989, 8:23-39.
76. Christensen N.I., Mooney W.D. Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust: a global view. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100:9761-9788.
77. Christensen N.I., Medaris L.G., Wang H.F., Jelinek E. Depth variation of seismic anisotropy and petrology in central European lithosphere: a tectonothermal synthesis from spinel lherzolite. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:645-664.
78. Ciulavu M., Mählmann R.F., Schmid S.M., Hofmann H., Seghedi A., Frey M. Metamorphic evolution of a very low- to low-grade metamorphic core complex (Danubian window) in the South Carpathians. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 2008, 298:281-315. 10.1144/SP298.14.
79. Clark P.E. Dynamic Planet: Mercury in the Context of its Environment 2007, Springer, New York, 219 pp.
80. Clegg B., England R. Velocity structure of the UK continental shelf from a compilation of wide-angle and refraction data. Geological Magazine 2003, 140(4):453-467.
81. Clemens J.D. Melting of the continental crust: fluid regimes, melting reactions, and source-rock fertility. Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust 2006, 296-330. Cambridge Univ. Press. M. Brown, T. Rushmer (Eds.).
82. Cloetingh S.A.P.L., Burov E., Matenco L. Thermo-mechanical controls on the mode of continental collision in the SE Carpathians (Romania). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 218:57-76.
83. Clowes R.M., White D.J., Hajnal Z. Mantle heterogeneities and their significance: results from Lithoprobe seismic reflection and refraction-wide-angle reflection studies. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2010, 47:409-443.
84. Cocks L.R.M., McKerrow W.S., van Staal C.R. The margins of Avalonia. Geological Magazine 1997, 134:627-636.
85. Coldwell B., Clemens J., Petford N. Deep crustal melting in the Peruvian Andes: felsic magma generation during delamination and uplift. Lithos 2011, 125:272-286.
86. Coltice N., Albarede F., Gillet P. K-40-Ar-40 constraints on recycling continental crust into the mantle. Science 2000, 288:845-847.
87. Condie K.C. Greenstones through time. Archean Crustal Evolution 1994, 85-120. Elsevier, Netherlands. K.C. Condie (Ed.).
88. Condie K.C. Episodic continental growth and supercontinents: a mantle avalanche connection?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1998, 163:97-108.
89. Condie K.C. Supercontinents and superplume events: distinguishing signals in the geologic record. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2004, 146:319-332.
90. When did plate tectonics begin on planet Earth?. Geological Society of America Memoirs, Sp. Paper 2008, 440. 313 pp. K.C. Condie, V. Pease (Eds.).
91. Connerney J.E.P., Acuña M.H., Wasilewski P.J., Ness N.F., Rème H., Mazelle C., Vignes D., Lin R.P., Mitchell D.L., Cloutier P.A. Magnetic lineation in the ancient crust of Mars. Science 1999, 284:794-798.
92. Cook F.A., Matthews D.H., Jacob A.W.B. Geophysics of the Caledonian-Appalachian Orogen. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 1988, 38:21-33.
93. Cruden A.R., McCaffrey K.J.W. Growth of plutons by floor subsidence: implications for rates of emplacement, intrusion spacing and melt-extraction mechanisms. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A 2001, 26:303-315.
94. Dahl-Jensen T., Larsen T.B., Woelbern I., et al. Depth to Moho in Greenland: receiver-function analysis suggests two Proterozoic blocks in Greenland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 205:379-393.
95. Dando B.D.E., Stuart G.W., Houseman G.A., et al. Teleseismic tomography of the mantle in the Carpathian-Pannonian region of central Europe. Geophysical Journal International 2011, 186:11-31.
96. Dauphas N., Cates N.L., Mojzsis S.J., et al. Identification of chemical sedimentary protoliths using iron isotopes in the >3750Ma Nuvvuagittuq supracrustal belt, Canada. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 254:358-376.
97. Davies G.F. Dynamic Earth 1999, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 458 pp.
98. Davies G. Dynamical Geochemistry of the Mantle. IUGG Prog. and Abstr., Melbourne, Abstract # 3020 2011.
99. de Saint Blanquat M., Horsman E., Habert G., et al. Multiscale magmatic cyclicity, duration of pluton construction, and the paradoxical relationship between tectonism and plutonism in continental arcs. Tectonophysics 2011, 500:20-33.
100. De Wit M.J. On Archean granites, greenstones, cratons and tectonics: does the evidence demand a verdict?. Precambrian Research 1998, 91:181-226.
101. DEKORP-BASIN Research Group, et al. The deep crustal structure of the Northeast German basin: new DEKORP-Basin'96 deep-profiling results. Geology 1999, 27:55-58.
102. Dewey J.F. The secular evolution of plate tectonics and the continental crust: an outline. GSA Mem. 2007, 200:1-7. R.D. Hatcher (Ed.).
103. Dewey J.F., Windley B.F. Growth and differentiation of the continental crust. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London-Series A 1981, 301:189-206.
104. Di Luzio E., Mele G., Tiberti M.M., Cavinato G.P., Parotto M. Moho deepening and shallow upper crustal delamination beneath the central Apennines. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2009, 280:1-12.
105. Doin M.-P., Fleitout L., Christensen U. Mantle convection and stability of depleted and undepleted continental lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:2771-2787.
106. Douce A.E.P. What do experiments tell us about the relative contributions of crust and mantle to the origin of granitic magmas?. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 1999, 168:55-75.
107. Downes H. The nature of the lower continental crust of Europe: petrological and geochemical evidence from xenoliths. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 1993, 79:195-218.
108. Druzhinin V.S., Egorkin A.V., Kashubin S.N. New data on the deep structure of the Urals and adjacent regions from DSS studies. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 1990, 315(5):1086-1090. (in Russian).
109. Dyment J., Sibuet J.C., Pinet B. Deep structure of the Celtic Sea : a discussion on the formation of basins. Tectonophysics 1990, 173:435-444.
110. Ebinger C.J., Sleep N.H. Cenozoic magmatism throughout east Africa resulting from impact of a single plume. Nature 1998, 395:788-791.
111. Echtler H., Malavieille J. Extensional tectonics, basement uplift and Stephano-Permian collapse basin in a late Variscan metamorphic core complex (Montagne Noire, Southern Massif Central). Tectonophysics 1990, 177:125-138.
112. Echtler H.P., Stiller M., Steinhoff F., Krawczyk C., Suleimanov A., Spiridonov V., Knapp J.H., Menshikov Y., Alvarez-Marrón J., Yunusov N. Preserved collisional crustal structure of the southern Urals revealed by Vibroseis profiling. Science 1996, 274:224-226.
113. Eggler D.H., Meen J.K., Welt F., Dudas F.O., Furlong K.P., McCallum M.E., Carlson R.W. Tectonomagmatism of the Wyomimg Province. Colorado School of Mines Quarterly 1988, vol. 83:25-40. No. 2.
114. England P.C., Houseman G.A. Extension during continental convergence with application to the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research 1989, 94:17561-17579.
115. EUROBRIDGE Seismic Working Group Seismic velocity structure across Fennoscandia-Sarmatia suture of the East European craton beneath the EUROBRIDGE profile through Lithuania and Belarus. Tectonophysics 1999, 134:193-217.
116. Faber S., Bamford D. Lithospheric structural contrasts across the Caledonides of Northern Britain. Tectonophysics 1979, 56:17-30.
117. Fan W.M., Zhang H.F., Baker J., et al. On and off the North China Craton: where is the Archaean keel?. Journal of Petrology 2000, 41:933-950.
118. Ferré E.C., Bordaries C., Marsh J.S. Magma flow inferred from AMS fabrics in a layered mafic sill, Insizwa, South Africa. Tectonophysics 2002, 354:1-23.
119. Fillerup M.A., Knapp J.H., Knapp C.C., et al. Mantle earthquakes in the absence of subduction? Continental delamination in the Romanian Carpathians. Lithosphere 2010, 2:333-340.
120. Fischer K.M. Flow and fabric deep down. Nature 2002, 415:745-749.
121. Foster A., Nimmo F. Comparisons betweeen the rift systems of East Africa, Earth and Beta Regio, Venus. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1996, 143:183-195.
122. Fountain D.M., Boundy T.M., Austrheim H., Rey P. Eclogite-facies shear zones-deep-crustal reflectors. Tectonophysics 1994, 232:411-424.
123. Franke W. Phanerozoic structures and events in Central Europe. A Continent Revealed: The European Geotraverse 1992, vol. 1:164-180. Cambridge University Press, Reading, MA. D. Blundell (Ed.).
124. Franke W. Exhumierung von Eklogiten im Saxothuringikum. Orogene Prozesse (Terra Nostra) 1994, 3/94:38.
125. Franke W. The Variscan orogen in Central Europe: construction and collapse. Geological Society of London, Memoirs 2006, 32:333-343.
126. Franke W., Doublier M.P., Klama K., Potel S., Wemmer K. Hot metamorphic core complex in a cold foreland. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau) 2011, 100:753-785.
127. Frankel C. Volcanoes of the Solar System 1996, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
128. Fuchs K., Wedepohl K.H. Relation of geophysical and petrological models of upper mantle structure of the Rhenish massif. Plateau uplift-the Rhenish Shield-A Case History 1983, 352-363. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg. K. fuchs, K. von Gehlen, H. Mälzer, H. Murawski, A. Semmel (Eds.).
129. Gans P.B. An open-system, 2-layer crustal stretching model for the eastern Great Basin. Tectonics 1987, 6:1-12.
130. Gao S., Rudnick R.L., Yuan H.-L., Liu X.-M., Liu Y.-S., Xu W.-L., Ling W.-L., Ayers J., Wang X.-C., Wang Q.-H. Recycling lower continental crust in the North China craton. Nature 2004, 432:892-897.
131. Gashawbeza E.M., Klemperer S.L., Wilson C.K., et al. Nature of the crust beneath northwest Basin and Range province from teleseismic receiver function data. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113:B10. Article Number: B10308.
132. Gebrande, H., Castellarin, A., Lüschen, E., Millahn, K., Neubauer, F., Nicolich, R. (Eds.), 2006. TRANSALP - a transect through a young collisional orogen. Tectonophysics Special Issue, 414. 282 pp.
133. Gerya T.V., Burg J.P. Intrusion of ultramafic magmatic bodies into the continental crust: numerical simulation. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2007, 160:124-142.
134. Given I., Helmberger D. Upper mantle structure of northwestern Eurasia. Journal of Geophysical Research 1981, 85:7183-7194.
135. Gögüs H.O., Pysklywec R.N. Near-surface diagnostic of dripping or delaminating lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113:B11404. 10.1029/2007JB005123.
136. Green D.H., Ringwood A.E. An experimental investigation of the gabbro to eclogite transformation and its petrological applications. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1967, 31:767-833.
137. Greenhagen B.T., Lucey P.G., Wyatt M.B., et al. Global silicate mineralogy of the moon from the diviner lunar radiometer. Science 2010, 329:1507-1509.
138. Griffin W.L., Zhang A., O'Reilly S.Y., Ryan C.G. Phanerozoic evolution of the lithosphere beneath the Sino-Korean craton. AGU Geodynam. Ser. 1998, 27:107-126. M.F.J. Flower, S.L. Chung, C.H. Lo, T.Y. Lee (Eds.).
139. Grove T.L., Parman S.W. Thermal evolution of the Earth as recorded by komatiites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 219:173-187.
140. Gudkova T.V., Zharkov V.N. Mars: interior structure and excitation of free oscillations. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2004, 142:1-22.
141. Guo Z., Wilson M., Liu J. Post-collisional adakites in south Tibet: products of partial melting of subduction-modified lower crust. Lithos 2007, 96:205-224.
142. Handy M.R., Brun J.P. Seismicity, structure and strength of the lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 223:427-441.
143. Harig C., Molnar P., Houseman G.A. Rayleigh-Taylor instability under a shear stress free top boundary condition and its relevance to removal of mantle lithosphere from beneath the Sierra Nevada. Tectonics 2008, 27:TC6019. 10.1029/2007TC002241.
144. 144Nd in SNC meteorites. Science 1995, 267:213-217.
145. Harrison T.M., Blichert-Toft J., Muller W., Albarede F., Holden P., Mojzsis S.J. Heterogeneous Hadean hafnium: evidence of continental crust at 4.4 to 4.5Ga. Science 2005, 310:1947-1950.
146. Hart S.R., Zindler A. In search of a bulk-Earth composition. Chemical Geology 1986, 57:247-267.
147. Hatcher, R.D., Carlson, M.P., McBride, J.H., et al. (Eds.), 4-D framework of continental crust. Geological Society of America Memoirs 200, 653 pp.
148. Hawkesworth C.J., Kemp A.I.S. Evolution of the continental crust. Nature 2006, 443:811-817.
149. Hawkesworth C.J., Kemp A.I.S. The differentiation and rates of generation of the continental crust. Chemical Geology 2006, 226:134-143.
150. Hawman R.B. Crustal thickness variations across the Blue Ridge mountains, southern Appalachians: An alternative procedure for migrating wide-angle reflection data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2008, 98:469-475. 10.1785/0120070027.
151. He Y., Li S., Hoefs J., et al. Post-collisional granitoids from the Dabie orogen: new evidence for partial melting of a thickened continental crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2011, 75:3815-3838.
152. Heermans M., Faleide J.I., Larsen B.T. Late Carboniferous-Permian of NW Europe: an introduction to a new regional map. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2004, 223:75-88. M. Wilson, E.-R. Neumann, G.R. Davies, M.J. Timmerman, M. Heeremans, B.T. Larsen (Eds.).
153. Herrick R. Resurfacing history of Venus. Geology 1994, 22:703-706.
154. Hoernle K., Abt D.L., Fischer K.M., et al. Arc-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Nature 2008, 451:1094-1097.
155. Hoffman P.F. Speculations on Laurentia's first gigayear (2.0 to 1.0Ga). Geology 1989, 17:135-138.
156. Hofmann A.W., Jochum K.P., Seufert M., White W.M. Nb and Pb in oceanic basalts: new constraints on mantle evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1986, 79:33-45.
157. Holbrook W.S. The crustal structure of the northwestern Basin and Range Province, Nevada, from wide-angle seismic data. Journal of Geophysical Research 1990, 95:21 843-21 869.
158. Holliger K., Levander A. Lower crustal reflectivity modeled by rheological controls on mafic intrusions. Geology 1994, 22(4):367-370.
159. Houseman G.A., Molnar P. Gravitational (Rayleigh-Taylor) instability of a layer with non-linear viscosity and convective thinning of continental lithosphere. Geophysical Journal International 1997, 128:125-150.
160. Huang Z., Su W., Peng Y., Zheng Y., Li H. Rayleigh wave tomography of China and adjacent regions. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108(B2):2073.
161. Hughes S., Luetgert J.H. Crustal structure of the western New-England Appalachians and the Adirondack Mountains. Journal of Geophysical Research 1991, 96:16471-16494.
162. Huppert H.E., Sparks R.S.J. The generation of granitic magmas by intrusion of basalt into continental crust. Journal of Petrology 1988, 29:599-624.
163. Iizuka T., Nakai S., Sahoo Y.V., et al. The tungsten isotopic composition of Eoarchean rocks: implications for early silicate differentiation and core-mantle interaction on Earth. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 291:189-200.
164. Iliha, DSS Group A deep seismic sounding investigation of lithospheric heterogeneity and anisotropy beneath the Iberian Peninsula. Tectonophysics 1993, 221:35-51.
165. Ito K., Kennedy G.C. An experimental study of the basalt-garnet granulite-eclogite transformation. AGU Geophysical Monograph 1971, 14:303-314.
166. Jackson M.J., Carlson R.W., Kurz M.D., Kempton P.D., Francis D., Blusztajn J. Evidence for the survival of the oldest terrestrial mantle reservoir. Nature 2010, 466:853-858.
167. Janák M., Plašienka D., Frey M., Cosca M., Schmidt S.Th., Lupták B., Méres Š. Cretaceous evolution of a metamorphic core complex, the Veporic unit, Western Carpathians (Slovakia): P-T conditions and in situ 40Ar/39Ar UV laser probe dating of metapelites. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 2001, 19:197-216.
168. Japsen P., Chalmers J.A. Neogene uplift and tectonics around the North Atlantic: overview. Global and Planetary Change 2000, 24:165-173.
169. Jeanloz R., Mitchell D.L., Sprague A.L., de Pater I. Evidence for a basalt-free surface on mercury and implications for internal heat. Science 1995, 268:1455-1457.
170. Johnston S.M., Hacker B.R., Anderson T.B. Exhuming Norwegian ultrahigh-pressure rocks: overprinting extensional structures and the role of the Nordfjord-Sogn detachment zone. Tectonics 2007, 26:TC5001. 10.1029/2005TC001933.
171. Judenherc S., Granet M., Brun J.-P., Poupinet G., Plomerová J., Mocquet A., Achauer U. Images of lithospheric heterogeneities in the Armorican segment of the Hercynian Range in France. Tectonophysics 2002, 358:121-134.
172. Juhlin C., Friberg M., Echtler H., Hismatulin T., Rybalka A., Green A., Ansorge J. Crustal structure of the middle Urals: results from the ESRU experiments. Tectonics 1998, 17:710-725.
173. Juhojuntti N., Juhlin C., Dyrelius D. Crustal reflectivity underneath the Central Scandinavian Caledonides. Tectonophysics 2001, 334:191-210.
174. Kaban M.K., Schwintzer P., Artemieva I.M., Mooney W.D. Density of continental roots: compositional and thermal effects. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 209:53-69.
175. Kaneko Y., Maruyama S., Terabayashi M., et al. Geology of the Kokchetav UHP-HP metamorphic belt, Northern Kazakhstan. Island Arc 2000, 9:264-283.
176. Kay R.W., Kay S.M. Creation and destruction of lower continental crust. Geologische Rundschau 1991, 80:259-278.
177. Kay R.W., Kay M.S. Delamination and delamination magmatism. Tectonophysics 1993, 218:177-189.
178. Kay R.W., Kay M.S., Arculus R.J. Magma genesis and crustal processing. Dev. in Geotecton. 1992, 23:423-447. Elsevier. D.M. Fountain, R. Arculus, R.W. Kay (Eds.).
179. Kelly A., England R.W., Maguire P.K.H. A crustal seismic velocity model for the UK, Ireland and surrounding seas. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 171:1172-1184.
180. Kemp A.I.S., Hawkesworth C.J. Granitic perspectives on the generation and secular evolution of the continental crust. The Crust 2003, vol. 3:349-410. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford. R.L. Rudnick (Ed.).
181. Kind R., Yuan X., Saul J., et al. Seismic images of crust and upper mantle beneath Tibet: evidence for Eurasian plate subduction. Science 2002, 298:1219-1221.
182. King S.D., Anderson D.L. An alternative mechanism of flood basalt formation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1995, 136:269-279.
183. Kleine T., Münker C., Mezger K., Palme H. Rapid accretion and early core formation on asteroids and the terrestrial planets from Hf-W chronometry. Nature 2002, 418:952-955.
184. Kleine T., Palme H., Mezger K., Halliday A.N. Hf-W chronometry of Lunar metals and the age and early differentiation of the Moon. Science 2005, 310(5754):1671-1674.
185. Klemperer S., Hobbs R. The BIRPS Atlas: Deep Seismic Reflection Profiles around the British Isles 1991, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
186. Knapp J.H., Steer D.N., Brown L.D., Berzin R., Suleimanov A., Stiller M., Luschen E., Brown D.L., Bulgakov N., Kashubin S.N., Rybalka A.V. Lithosphere-scale seismic image of the Southern Urals from explosion-source reflection profiling. Science 1996, 274:226-228.
187. Korenaga J., Jordan T. On the state of sublithospheric upper mantle beneath a supercontinent. Geophysical Journal International 2002, 149:179-189.
188. Korenaga J., Kelemen P.B. Origin of gabbro sills in the Moho transition zone of the Oman ophiolite: implication for magma transport in the oceanic lower crust. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:27729-27749.
189. Korja A., Heikkinen P. The accretionary Svecofennian orogen-insight from the BABEL profiles. Precambrian Research 2005, 136:241-268.
190. Korja A., Hyönen T., Tira T., Heikkinen P. Examining three-dimensional crustal heterogeneity in Finland. EOS. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 2009, 90(15):129-130.
191. Kostyuchenko S.L., Egorkin A.V., Solodilov L.N. Structure and genetic mechanisms of the Precambrian rifts of the East-European Platform in Russia by integrated study of seismic, gravity, and magnetic data. Tectonophysics 1999, 313:9-28.
192. Koulakov I., Zaharia B., Enescu B., et al. Delamination or slab detachment beneath Vrancea? New arguments from local earthquake tomography. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2010, 11. Article Number: Q03002.
193. Finish reflection experiment FIRE 2001-2005. Geol. Survey of Finland, Sp. Paper 2006, 43. Espoo, 247 pp. I.T. Kukkonen, R. Lahtinen (Eds.).
194. Kukkonen I.T., Golovanova I.V., Khachay Yu.V., Druzhinin V.S., Kasarev A.M., Schapov V.A. Low geothermal heat flow of the Urals fold belt-implications of low heat production, fluid circulation or paleoclimate?. Tectonophysics 1997, 276:63-85.
195. Kumar P., Kind R., Priestley K., Dahl-Jensen T. Crustal structure of Iceland and Greenland from receiver function studies. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:B03301. 10.1029/2005JB003991.
196. Kustowski B., Ekstrom G., Dziewonski A.M. The shear-wave velocity structure in the upper mantle beneath Eurasia. Geophysical Journal International 2008, 174:978-992.
197. Le Bas M.J. Ultra-alkaline magmatism with or without rifting. Tectonophysics 1987, 143:75-84.
198. Le Pichon X., Henry P., Goffe B. Uplift of Tibet: From eclogites to granulites-implications for the Andean Plateau and the Variscan belt. Tectonophysics 1997, 273:57-76.
199. Lee D.-C., Halliday A.N. Hafnium-tungsten chronometry and the timing of terrestrial core formation. Nature 1995, 378:771-774.
200. Lenardic A., Moresi L.N. Some thoughts on the stability of cratonic lithosphere: effects of buoyancy and viscosity. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104:12747-12759.
201. Lenardic A., Nimmo F., Moresi L. Growth of the hemispheric dichotomy and the cessation of plate tectonics on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109. 10.1029/2003JE002172.
202. Lerch D.W., Glen J.M.G., Ponce D.A., et al. Crustal structure of the northwestern Basin and Range Province and its transition to unextended volcanic plateaus. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2007, 8. Article Number: Q02011.
203. Levander A., Schmandt B., Miller M.S., Liu K., Karlstrom K.E., Crow R.S., Lee C.-T.A., Humphreys E.D. Continuing Colorado plateau uplift by delamination-style convective lithospheric downwelling. Nature 2011, 472:461-465.
204. Lévy F., Jaupart C., Mareschal J.-C., Bienfait G., Limare A. Low heat flux and large variations of lithospheric thickness in the Canadian Shield. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:B06404. 10.1029/2009JB006470.
205. Lewis J.S. Origin and composition of Mercury. Mercury 1988, 651-666. Univ. Ariz. Press, Tuscon, Az. F. Vilas (Ed.).
206. Lippitsch R., Kissling E., Ansorge J. Upper mantle structure beneath the Alpine orogen from high-resolution teleseismic tomography. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108(B8):2376. 10.1029/ 2002JB002016.
207. Lissauer J.J. It's not easy to make the Moon. Nature 1997, 389:327-328.
208. Lliboutry L. Quantitative Geophysics and Geology 1999, Springer-Praxis Books, Springer, Heidelberg, 480 pp.
209. Lorinczi P., Houseman G.A. Lithospheric gravitational instability beneath the Southeast Carpathians. Tectonophysics 2009, 474:322-336.
210. Lucey P., Korotev R.L., Gillis J.J., et al. Understanding the lunar surface and space-Moon interactions. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2006, 60:83-219.
211. Lustrino M., Wilson M. The circum-Mediterranean anorogenic Cenozoic igneous province. Earth Science Reviews 2007, 81:1-65.
212. Lyngsie S.B., Thybo H., Lang R. Rifting and lower crustal reflectivity: a case study of the intracratonic Dnieper-Donets rift zone, Ukraine. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:B12402. 10.1029/2006JB004795.
213. Mackwell S.J., Zimmerman M.E., Kohlstedt D.L. High-temperature deformation of dry diabase with application to tectonics on Venus. Journal of Geophysical Research 1998, 103:975-984.
214. Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Flood Volcanism. American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph Series 1987, 100. 438 pp. J.J. Mahoney, M.F. Coffin (Eds.).
215. Mann P., Taira A. Global tectonic significance of the Solomon Islands and the Ontong Java Plateau convergent zone. Tectonophysics 2004, 389:137-190.
216. Marotta A.M., Bayer U., Scheck-Wenderoth M., Thybo H. The stress filed below the NE German Basin: effects induced by the Alpine collision. Geophysical Journal International 2001, 144:F8-F12.
217. Martin M., Wenzel F., the CALIXTO working group Geophysical and petrological modelling of the structure and composition of the crust and upper mantle in complex geodynamic settings: the Tyrrhenian Sea and surroundings. Earth Science Reviews 2006, 80.265:1-46.
218. Martinez Catalan J.R. A non-cylindrical model for the northwest Iberian allochthonous terranes and their equivalents in the Hercynian belt of Western Europe. Tectonophysics 1990, 179:253-272.
219. Matte P. Tectonics and plate tectonics model for the Variscan Belt of Europe. Tectonophysics 1986, 126:329-374.
220. Matte P. Accretionary history and crustal evolution of the Variscan belt in Western Europe. Tectonophysics 1991, 196:309-337.
221. Maystrenko Y., Stovba S., Stephenson R., Bayer U., Menyoli E., Gajewski D., Huebscher C., Rabbel W., Saintot A., Starostenko V., Thybo H., Tolkunov A. Crustal-scale pop-up structure in cratonic lithosphere: DOBRE deep seismic reflection study of the Donbas fold belt, Ukraine. Geology 2003, 31:U732-U733.
222. McBride J.M., White R.S., Smallwood J.R., England R.W. Must magmatic intrusion in the lower crust produce reflectivity?. Tectonophysics 2004, 388:271-297.
223. McCarthy J., Thompson G.A. Seismic imaging of extended crust with emphasis on the western United States. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1988, 100:1361-1374.
224. McCulloch M.T., Bennett V.C. Progressive growth of the Earth's continental crust and depleted mantle: geochemical constraints. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1994, 58(21):4717-4738.
225. McCulloch M.T., Bennett V.C. Early differentiation of the Earth: an isotopic perspective. The Earth's Mantle: Composition, Structure, and Evolution 1998, 127-158. Cambridge Univ. Press. I. Jackson (Ed.).
226. McDonough W.F., Sun S.S. The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology 1995, 120:223-253.
227. McGlashan N., Brown L., Kay S. Crustal thickness in the central Andes from teleseismically recorded depth phase precursors. Geophysical Journal International 2008, 175:1013-1022.
228. McGreggor I.D., Manton W.I. Roberts Victor Eclogites: ancient oceanic crust. Journal of Geophysical Research 1986, 91:14063-14079.
229. McKenzie D. A possible mechanism for epeirogenic uplift. Nature 1984, 307:616-618.
230. McKenzie D., Bickle M.J. The volume of and composition of melt generated by extension of the lithosphere. Journal of Petrology 1988, 29:625-679.
231. McKenzie D., Nimmo F., Jackson J.A., Gans P.B., Miller E.L. Characteristics and consequences of flow in the lower crust. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:11029-11046.
232. McKenzie D., Jackson J., Priestley K. Thermal structure of oceanic and continental lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 233:337-349.
233. McKerrow W.S., Dewey J.F., Scotese C.R. The Ordovician and Silurian development of the Iapetus Ocean. Spec. Papers in Palaeontology, No. 44 1991, 165-178.
234. McLennan S.M., Taylor S.R. Geochemical constraints on the growth of the continental crust. Journal of Geology 1982, 90:347-361.
235. McNamara A.K., Niocaill C.M., van der Pluijm B.A., Van der Voo R. West African proximity of the Avalon terrane in the latest Precambrian. GSA Bulletin 2001, 113:1161-1170.
236. Meissner R. The continental crust. Int. Geophys. Series 1986, vol. 34. Academic Press, INC, Orlando, 425 pp.
237. Meissner R., Bortfeld R.K. DEKORP Atlas 1990, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 80 pp.
238. Meissner R., Kern H. Earthquakes and strength in the laminated lower crust-can they be explained by the "Corset model" ?. Tectonophysics 2008, 448:49-59.
239. Meissner R., Rabbel W. Nature of crustal reflectivity along the DEKORP profiles in Germany in comparison with reflection patterns from different tectonic units worldwide: A review. Pure and Applied Geophysics 1999, 156:7-28.
240. Meissner R., Strehlau J. Limits of stresses in continental crusts and their relation to the depth-frequency distribution of shallow earthquakes. Tectonics 1982, 1:73-89.
241. Meissner R., Wever Th., Durbaum H.J. The Variscan crust from a geophysical point of view: reflection seismics. Proc. 3rd EGT Workshop: The Central Segment 1986, 93-98. ESF, Strasbourg. R. Freeman, S. Mueller, P. Giese (Eds.).
242. Continental lithosphere: deep seismic reflections. AGU, Geodynam. Ser. 1991, 22. 450 pp. R. Meissner, L. Brown, H.-J. Durbaum, W. Franke, K. Fuchs, F. Seifert (Eds.).
243. Meissner R., Rabbel W., Kern H. Seismic lamination and anisotropy of the lower continental crust. Tectonophysics 2006, 416:81-99.
244. Menard G., Molnar P. Collapse of a Hercynian Tibetan plateau into a late Paleozoic European Basin and range province. Nature 1988, 334:235-237.
245. Mengel K., Kern H. Evolution of the petrological and seismic Moho implications for the continental crust-mantle boundary. Terra Nova 1992, 4:109-116.
246. Mengel K., Sachs P.M., Stosch H.G., Woeruer G., Look G. Crustal xenoliths from Cenozoic volcanic fields of West Germany: implications for structure and composition of the continental crust. Tectonophysics 1991, 195:271-289.
247. Michaut C., Jaupart C. Nonequilibrium temperatures and cooling rates in thick continental lithosphere. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31:L24602.
248. Mo X.X., Hou Z.Q., Niu Y.L., et al. Mantle contributions to crustal thickening during continental collision: evidence from Cenozoic igneous rocks in southern Tibet. Lithos 2007, 96:225-242.
249. Molnar P.H., Tapponier P. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of continental collision. Science 1975, 189:144-154.
250. MONA LISA Working Group MONA LISA: Deep seismic investigations of the lithosphere in the southeastern North Sea. Tectonophysics 1997, 269:1-19.
251. Mooney W.D., Meissner R. Multigenetic origin of crustal reflectivity: a review of seismic reflection profiling. Dev. in Geotecton. 1992, 23:201-268. Elsevier. D.M. Fountain, R. Arculus, R.W. Kay (Eds.).
252. Moresi L., Solomatov V. Mantle convection with a brittle lithosphere: thoughts on the global tectonic styles of the Earth and Venus. Geophysical Journal International 1998, 133:669-682.
253. Deep structure and geodynamics of the southern Urals (the URALSEIS project) 2001, Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, Tver, 286 pp. A.F. Morozov (Ed.).
254. Murphy M.A., Yin A., Harrison T.M., Durr S.B., Chen Z., Ryerson F.J., Kidd W.S.F., Wang X., Zhou X. Significant crustal shorting in south-central Tibet prior to the Indo-Asian collision. Geology 1997, 25:719-722.
255. Nelson K.D. Are crustal thickness variations in old mountain belts like the Appalachians a consequence of lithospheric delamination?. Geology 1992, 20:498-502.
256. Neumann G.A., Zuber M.T., Wieczorek M.A., et al. Crustal structure of Mars from gravity and topography. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109(E8). Article Number: E08002. 10.1029/2004JE002262.
257. Nikulin A., Levin V., Park J. Receiver function study of the Cascadia megathrust: evidence for localized serpentinization. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2009, 10. Article Number: Q07004.
258. Nilsson M.K.M., Soderlund U., Ernst R.E., et al. Precise U-Pb baddeleyite ages of mafic dykes and intrusions in southern West Greenland and implications for a possible reconstruction with the Superior craton. Precambrian Research 2010, 183:399-415.
259. Nimmo F., McKenzie D. Volcanism and tectonics on Venus. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1998, 26:23-51.
260. Nimmo F., Stevenson D.J. Influence of early plate tectonics on the thermal evolution and magnetic field of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:11969-11980.
261. Nisbet E.G., Fowler C.M.R. Model for Archean plate tectonics. Geology 1983, 11:376-379.
262. Nolet G., Zielhuis A. Low S velocities under the Tornquist-Teisseyre zone: evidence from water injection into the transition zone by subduction. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:15813-15820.
263. O'Neill H.S.C., Palme H. Composition of the Silicate Earth: implications for accretion and core formation. The Earth's Mantle: Composition, Structure, and Evolution 1998, 3-125. Cambridge Univ. Press. I. Jackson (Ed.).
264. Olsson J.R., Soderlund U., Klausen M.B., Ernst R.E. U-Pb baddeleyite ages linking major Archean dyke swarms to volcanic-rift forming events in the Kaapvaal craton (South Africa), and a precise age for the Bushveld Complex. Precambrian Research 2010, 183:490-500.
265. Oncken O. The rise and fall of an orogen-fundamental aspects of the European Variscides and constraints. Terra Nostra: Orogene Prozesse 1994, 128. DFG-Schwerpunkt.
266. Oncken O. Orogenic mass transfer and reflection seismic patterns-evidence from DEKORP sections across the European Variscides (central Germany). Tectonophysics 1998, 286:47-61.
267. O'Neill C., Jellinek A.M., Lenardic A. Conditions for the onset of plate tectonics on terrestrial planets and moons. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 261:20-32.
268. O'Neill C., Lenardic A., Moresi L., Torsvik T.H., Lee C.-T.A. Episodic Precambrian subduction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 262:552-562.
269. Ottemoeller L., Michs V. The crustal structure of Norway from inversion of teleseismic receiver studies. Journal of Seismology 2004, 7(1):35-48.
270. Pavlenkova N.I. Crust and upper mantle structure in northern Eurasia from seismic data. Advances in Geophysics 1996, 37:1-133.
271. Peacock S.M. Are the lower planes of double seismic zones caused by serpentine dehydration in subducting oceanic mantle?. Geology 2001, 29:299-302.
272. Petford N., Cruden A.R., McCaffrey K.J.W., et al. Granite magma formation, transport and emplacement in the Earth's crust. Nature 2000, 408:669-673.
273. Pfiffner O.A. Crustal shortening of the Alps along the EGT profile. The European Geotraverse: Integrative Studies 1990, 255-262. ESF, Strasbourg. R. Freemann (Ed.).
274. Pfiffner O.A., Schlunegger F., Buiter S.J.H. The Swiss Alps and their peripheral foreland basin: stratigraphic response to deep crustal processes. Tectonics 2001, 21. Article Number: 1054. 10.1029/2002TC001465.
275. Piromallo C., Morelli A. P-wave tomography of the mantle under the Alpine-Mediterranean area. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108(B2). art. no. 2065.
276. Plenefisch T., Klinge K., Kind R. Upper mantle anisotropy at the transition zone of the Saxothuringicum and Moldanubicum in southeast Germany revealed by shear wave splitting. Geophysical Journal International 2000, 144:309-319.
277. Plomerova J., Babushka V., Sileny J., Horalek J. Seismic anisotropy and velocity variations in the mantle beneath the Saxothuringicum-Moldanubicum contact in central Europe. Pure and Applied Geophysics 1998, 151:365-394.
278. Pollack H.K.N. Cratonization and the thermal evolution of the mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1986, 80:175-182.
279. Pollack H.N., Chapman D.S. On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms and lithospheric thickness. Tectonophysics 1977, 38:279-296.
280. Poppeliers C. Estimating vertical stochastic scale parameters from seismic reflection data: deconvolution with non-white reflectivity. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 168:769-778.
281. Praus O., Pecová J., Petr V., Babuška V., Plomerová J. Magnetotelluric and seismological determination of lithosphere-asthenosphere transition in Central Europe. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 1990, 60:212-228.
282. Pritchard M.E., Stevenson D.J. Thermal aspects of a lunar origin by giant impact. Origin of the Earth and Moon 2000, 179-196. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson. R. Canup, K. Righter (Eds.).
283. Prussen E. The reflection Moho along the COCORP Northwest US-Transect: continental lithosphere: deep seismic reflections. AGU Geodynamics Series 1991, 22:315-322.
284. Rabbel W., Forste K., Schulze A., et al. A high-velocity layer in the lower crust of the North German Basin. Terra Nova 1995, 7:327-337.
285. Reymer A.P.S., Schubert G. Phanerozoic addition rates to the continental crust. Tectonics 1984, 3:63-77.
286. Ringwood A.E., Green D.H. An experimental investigation of the gabbro-eclogite transformation and some geophysical implications. Tectonophysics 1966, 3:383-427.
287. Mantle Plumes-A multidisciplinary Approach 2007, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 502 pp. J.R.R. Ritter, U.R. Christensen (Eds.).
288. Roberts A.W., White R.S., Christie P.A.F. Imaging igneous rocks on the North Atlantic rifted continental margin. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 179:1024-1038.
289. Robinson M.S., Murchie S.L., Blewett D.T., Domingue D.L., Hawkins S.E., Head J.W., Holsclaw G.M., McClintock W.E., McCoy T.J., McNutt R.L., Prockter L.M., Solomon S.C., Watters T.R. Reflectance and color variations on Mercury: regolith processes and compositional heterogeneity. Science 2008, 321:66-69.
290. Rollinson H. Eclogite xenoliths in west African kimberlites as residues from Archaean granitoid crust formation. Nature 1997, 389:173-177.
291. Ross A.R., Brown L.D., Pannonont P., Nelson K.D., Haines S., Wenjin C., Jingru G. Deep reflection surveying in Central Tibet: lower crustal layering and crustal flow. Geophysical Journal International 2004, 156:115-128.
292. Rothery D., Marinangeli L., Anand M., et al. Mercury's surface and composition to be studied by BepiColombo. Planetary and Space Science 2010, 58:21-39.
293. Rubie D.C. Role of kinetics in the formation and preservation of eclogites. Eclogite Facies Rocks 1990, 111-140. Blackie, Glasgow. D.A. Carswell (Ed.).
294. Rudnick R.L. Making continental crust. Nature 1995, 378:571-578.
295. The Crust Treatise on Geochemistry 2003, vol. 3. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford. R.L. Rudnick (Ed.).
296. Ryder G. Bombardment of the Hadean Earth: wholesome or deleterious?. Astrobiology 2003, 3:3-6.
297. Salters V.J.M., Stracke A. Composition of the depleted mantle. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2004, 5. Article Number: Q05004. 10.1029/2003GC000597.
298. Sandrin A., Thybo H. Deep seismic investigation of crustal extensional structures in the Danish Basin. Geophysical Journal International 2008, 173:623-641.
299. Schmid S.M., Pfiffner O.A., Froitzheim N., Schoenborn G., Kissling E. Geophysical-geological transect and tectonic evolution of the Swiss-Italian Alps. Tectonics 1996, 15:1036-1064.
300. Scholl D.W., von Huene R. Crustal recycling at modern subduction zones applied to the past-issues of growth and preservation of continental basement crust, mantle geochemistry, and supercontinent reconstruction. Geological Society of America Memoirs 2007, 200:9-32. R.D. Hatcher, M.P. Carlson, J.H. McBride (Eds.).
301. Schott B., Schmeling H. Delamination and detachment of a lithospheric root. Tectonophysics 1998, 296:225-247.
302. Sengör A.M.C., Natal'in B.A., Burtman V.S. Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Palaeozoic crustal growth in Eurasia. Nature 1993, 364:299-307.
303. Shapiro N., Hager B.H., Jordan T.H. Stability and dynamics of the continental tectosphere. Lithos 1999, 48:135-152.
304. Sharkov E.V., Bogatikov O.A. Do terrestrial planets evolve according to the same scenario? Geological and petrological evidence. Petrology 2009, 17:629-652. 10.1134/S0869591109070017.
305. Sibuet J.C., Srivastava S.P., Spakman W. Pyrenean orogeny and plate kinematics. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109(B8). Article Number: B08104.
306. Simancas J.F., Carbonell R., Lodeiro F.G., et al. Crustal structure of the transpressional Variscan orogen of SW Iberia: SW Iberia deep seismic reflection profile (IBERSEIS). Tectonics 2003, 22. Article Number: 1062.
307. Simons M., Solomon S.C., Hager B.H. Localization of gravity and topography: constraints on the tectonics and mantle dynamics of Venus. Geophysical Journal International 1997, 131:24-44.
308. Singh S.C., Crawford W.C., Carton H., et al. Seismic reflection images of the Moho underlying melt sills at the East Pacific Rise. Nature 2006, 442:287-290.
309. Sinigoi S., Antonini P., Demarchi G., Longinelli A., Mazzucchelli M. Interaction of mantle and crustal magmas in the southern part of the Ivrea Zone (Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1991, 108:385-395.
310. Sizova E., Gerya T., Brown M., Perchuk L.L. Subduction styles in the Precambrian: insight from numerical experiments. Lithos 2010, 116:209-229.
311. Sleep N.H. Martian plate tectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:5639-5655.
312. Sleep N.H. Survival of Archean cratonic lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108. 10.1029/2001JB000169.
313. Sohl F., Schubert G. Interior structure, composition, and mineralogy of the terrestrial planets. Treatise on Geophysics 2007, 10:27-68. Elsevier.
314. Sohl F., Schubert G., Spohn T. Geophysical constraints on the composition and structure of the Martian interior. Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110:E12008. 10.1029/2005JE002520.
315. Solomatov V.S., Moresi L. Three regimes of mantle convection with non-Newtonian viscosity and stagnant lid convection on the terrestrial planets. Geophysical Research Letters 1997, 24:1907-1910.
316. Solomon S.C. Differentiation of crusts and cores of the terrestrial planets: lessons for the early Earth?. Precambrian Research 1980, 10:177-194.
317. Solomon S. Mercury: the enigmatic innermost planet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 216:441-455.
318. Solomon S.C., Smrekar S.E., Bindschadler D., et al. Venus tectonics-an overview of Magellan observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, Planets 1992, 97(E8):13199-13255.
319. Solomon S.C., Aharonson O., Aurnou J.M., et al. New perspectives on ancient Mars. Science 2005, 307:1214-1220.
320. Souriau A., Granet M. A tomographic study of the lithosphere beneath the Pyrenees from local and teleseismic data. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100:18117-18134.
321. Souriau A., Pauchet H. A new synthesis of Pyrenean seismicity and its tectonic implication. Tectonophysics 1998, 290:221-244.
322. Spear F.S. Metamorphic Phase Equilirbia and Pressure-Temperature-Time Paths 1993, Mineral. Soc. America, 799 pp.
323. Spohn T., Sohl F., Wieczerkowski K., Conzelmann V. The interior structure of Mercury: what we know, what we expect from BepiColombo. Planetary and Space Science 2001, 49:1561-1570.
324. Sroda P., Czuba W., Grad M., et al. Crustal and upper mantle structure of the Western Carpathians from CELEBRATION 2000 profiles CEL01 and CEL04: seismic models and geological implications. Geophysical Journal International 2006, 167:737-760.
325. Steer D.N., Knapp J.H., Brown L.D., Echtler H.P., Brown D.L., Berzin R. Deep structure of the continental lithosphere in an unextended orogen (URSEIS 1995). Tectonics 1998, 17:143-157.
326. Stratford W.R., Stern T.A. Strong seismic reflections from the mantle represent relict subduction zones with the continental lithosphere. Geology 2004, 24(1):39-42.
327. Stratford W., Thybo H., Faleide J.-I., Olesen O., Tryggvason A. New Moho Map for onshore southern Norway. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 178:1755-1765.
328. Sun S., McDonough W.F. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Special Publication-Geological Society of London 1989, 42:313-345.
329. Surkov Y.A., Moskalyeva L.P., Kharyukova V., et al. Venus rock composition at the Vega 2 landing site. Journal of Geophysical Research 1986, 91:E215-E218.
330. Tackley P.J. Mantle convection and plate tectonics: toward an integrated physical and chemical theory. Science 2000, 288:2002-2007.
331. Tanner B., Meissner R. Caledonian deformation upon southwest Baltica and its tectonic implications: alternatives and consequences. Tectonics 1996, 13(4):803-812.
332. Taylor S.R. Growth of planetary crusts. Tectonophysics 1989, 161:147-156.
333. Taylor S.R. Geophysical framework of the Appalachians and adjacent Grenville Province. GSA Mem. 1989, 172:317-348. L.C. Pakiser, W.D. Mooney (Eds.).
334. Taylor S.R., McLennan S.M. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution 1985, Blackwell, Oxford, 312 pp.
335. Taylor S.R., McLennan S.M. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Reviews of Geophysics 1995, 33:241-265.
336. Taylor G.J., Scott E.R.D. Mercury. Meteorites, Comets, and Planets 2004, 1:477-485. Elsevier, Oxford and San Diego. A.M. Davis (Ed.).
337. Tesauro M., Kaban M.K., Cloetingh S.A.P.L. EuCRUST-07: a new reference model for the European crust. Geophysical Research Letters 2008, 35:L05313. 10.1029/2007GL32244.
338. Thybo H. Geophysical characteristics of the Tornquist Fan area, northwest TESZ: indication of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian dextral transtension. Geological Magazine 1997, 134:597-606.
339. Thybo H., Nielsen C.A. Magma-compensated crustal thinning in continental rift zones. Nature 2009, 457:873-876.
340. Thybo H., Perchuc E., Gregersen S. Interpretation in statu nascendi of seismic wide-angle reflections based on EUGENO-S data. Tectonophysics 1998, 289:281-294.
341. The Trans European Suture Zone II. Tectonophysics 2002, 360. 314 pp. H. Thybo, T. Pharaoh, A. Guterch (Eds.).
342. Tondi R., Achauer U., Landes M., et al. Unveiling seismic and density structure beneath the Vrancea seismogenic zone, Romania. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114. Article Number: B11307.
343. Torsvik T.H., Smethurst M.A., Meert J.G., Van der Voo R., McKerrow W.S., Brasier M.D., Sturt B.A., Walderhaug H.J. Continental break-up and collision in the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic-a tale of Baltica and Laurentia. Earth Science Reviews 1996, 40:229-258.
344. TRANSALP Working Group First deep reflection images of the Eastern Alps reveal giant crustal wedges and transcurrent ramps. Geophysical Research Letters 2002, 29(10). 10.1092/2002GRL014911.
345. Trofimov V.A. Structural features of the earth's crust and petroleum potential: first results of CMP Deep Seismic Survey along the geotraverse across the Volga-Urals petroliferous province. Doklady Earth Sciences 2006, 411(8):1178-1183.
346. Tryggvason A., Lund C.-E., Friberg M. A two-dimensional seismic velocity model across the transition zone between the Baltic Shield and the North German Basin-the EUGENO-S profile 1 revisited. Tectonophysics 1998, 290:47-58.
347. Turcotte D.L. An episodic hypothesis for Venusian tectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research 1993, 98:17061-17068.
348. Turcotte D.L., Shcherbakov B.D., Malamud B.D., Kucinskas A.B. Is the Martian crust also the Martian elastic lithosphere?. Journal of Geophysical Research 2002, 107. 10.1029/2001JE001594.
349. Turner S., et al. Post-collision, shoshonitic volcanism on the Tibetan Plateau: implications for convective thinning of the lithosphere and the source of ocean island basalts. Journal of Petrology 1996, 37:45-71.
350. Vacher P., Souriau A. A three-dimensional model of the Pyrenean deep structure based on gravity modelling, seismic images and petrological constraints. Geophysical Journal International 2001, 145:460-470.
351. van der Hilst R.D., Widiyantoro S., Engdahl E.R. Evidence for deep mantle circulation from global tomography. Nature 1997, 386:578-584.
352. van der Lee S., Nolet G. Seismic image of the subducted trailing fragments of the Farallon plate. Nature 1997, 386:266-269.
353. Van Kranendonk M.J., Smithies R.H., Hickman A.H., et al. Evidence for Mesoarchean (similar to 3.2Ga) rifting of the Pilbara Craton: the missing link in an early Precambrian Wilson cycle. Precambrian Research 2010, 177:145-161.
354. Van Thienen P., Vlaar N.J., Van den Berg A.P. Plate tectonics on the terrestrial planets. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2004, 142:61-74.
355. Veizer J., Jansen S.L. Basement and sedimentary recycling-2. Time dimension to global tectonics. Journal of Geology 1985, 93:625-643.
356. Vejbaek O.V. The Horn Graben, and its relationship to the Oslo Graben and the Danish Basin. Tectonophysics 1990, 178:29-49.
357. Voshage H., Hofmann A.W., Mazzucchelli M., Rivalenti S., Raczek I., Demarchi G. Isotopic evidence from the Ivrea Zone for a hybrid lower crust formed by hybrid underplating. Nature 1990, 347:731-736.
358. Warner M., Morgan J., Barton P., Morgan P., Price C., Jones K. Seismic reflections from the mantle present relict subduction zones within the continental lithosphere. Geology 1996, 24:39-42.
359. Wedepohl K.H. The composition of the continental crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1995, 59:1217-1232.
360. Wenzel F., Sandmeier K.J., Walde W. Properties of the lower crust from modeling refraction and reflection data. Journal of Geophysical Research 1987, 92:11575-11583.
361. Wieczorek M., Jolliff B.L., Khan A., et al. The constitution and structure of the lunar interior. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2006, 60:221-364.
362. Willingshofer F., Cloetingh S. Present-day lithospheric strength of the eastern Alps and its relationship to neotectonics. Tectonics 2003, 22(6):14/1-14/15. 10.1029/2002.
363. Wilson M. Igneous petrogenesis 1995, Chapman & Hall, London, New York, Tokyo, 475 pp.
364. Wilson M., Neumann E.-R., Davies G.R., Timmerman M.J., Heeremans M., Larsen B.T. Permo-Carboniferous magmatism and rifting in Europe. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 2004, 223:1-10.
365. Wittlinger G., Vergne J., Tapponnier P., Farra V., Poupinet G., Jiang M., Su H., Herquel G., Paul A. Teleseismic imaging of subducting lithosphere and Moho offsets beneath western Tibet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 221:117-130.
366. Wortel R., Spakman W. Subduction and slab detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian region. Science 2000, 290:1910-1917.
367. Wu J., Mereu R.F. Seismic reflectivity patterns of the Kapuskasing structural zone. AGU Geodyn. Ser. 1991, 22:47-52. R. Meissner (Ed.).
368. Xu Y.G., Huang X.L., Ma J.L., et al. Crust-mantle interaction during the tectono-thermal reactivation of the North China Craton: constraints from SHRIMP zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry of Mesozoic plutons from western Shandong. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2004, 147:750-767.
369. Yale B.L., Carpenter S.J. Large igneous provinces and giant dyke swarms: proxies for supercontinent cyclicity and mantle convection. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1998, 163:109-122.
370. Yang W.C. Flat mantle reflectors in Eastern China: possible evidence of lithospheric thinning. Tectonophysics 2003, 369:219-230.
371. Ye K., Cong B.L., Ye D.I. The possible subduction of continental material to depths greater than 200km. Nature 2000, 407:734-736.
372. Zagorevski A., Rogers N., van Staal C.R., McNicoll V., Lissenberg C.J., Valverde-Vaquero P. Lower to Middle Ordovician evolution of peri-Laurentian arc and backarc complexes in Iapetus: constraints from the Annieopsquotch accretionary tract, central Newfoundland. GSA Bulletin 2006, 118:324-342.
373. Zandt G., Gilbert H., Owens T.J., Ducea M., Saleeby J., Jones C.H. Active foundering of a continental arc root beneath the southern Sierra Nevada in California. Nature 2004, 431:41-46.
374. Zegers T.E., van Keken P.E. Middle Archean continent formation by crustal delamination. Geology 2001, 29:1083-1086.
375. Zhao W., Nelson K.D., Project INDEPTH Team Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet. Nature 1993, 366:557-559.
376. Zhong S., Gurnis M. Interaction of weak faults and non-Newtonian rheology produces plate tectonics in a 3D model of mantle flow. Nature 1996, 383:245-247.
377. Ziegler P.A. European Cenozoic rift system. Tectonophysics 1992, 208:91-111.
378. Ziegler P., Cloetingh S. Dynamic processes controlling evolution of rifted basins. Earth Science Reviews 2004, 64:1-50.
379. Ziegler P.A., Dèzes P. Crustal evolution of Western and Central Europe. Geological Society of London, Memoirs 2006, 32:43-56.
380. Zielhuis A., Nolet G. Deep seismic expression of an ancient plate boundary in Europe. Science 1994, 265:79-81.
381. Geology of the USSR; a plate-tectonic synthesis. American Geophysical Union, Geodynamics Series 1990, 21. L.P. Zonenshain, M.I. Kuzmin, L.M. Natapov (Eds.).
382. Zuber M.T. The crust and mantle of Mars. Nature 2001, 412:220-227.