메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 109, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 23-46

The continental lithosphere: Reconciling thermal, seismic, and petrologic data

Author keywords

Cratons; Heterogeneity; Kimberlites; Lithosphere thickness; Lithosphere asthenosphere boundary; Lithospheric mantle; Metasomatism

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; CRATON; DATA INVERSION; KIMBERLITE; MANTLE STRUCTURE; METASOMATISM; MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS; NUMERICAL MODEL; PETROLOGY; S-WAVE; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; SEISMIC VELOCITY; SUBDUCTION ZONE; THERMAL EVOLUTION; THERMAL STRUCTURE;

EID: 62049083421     PISSN: 00244937     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2008.09.015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (257)

References (160)
  • 1
    • 0028813014 scopus 로고
    • Lithosphere, asthenosphere, and perisphere
    • Anderson D.L. Lithosphere, asthenosphere, and perisphere. Reviews of Geophysics 33 (1995) 125-149
    • (1995) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.33 , pp. 125-149
    • Anderson, D.L.1
  • 2
    • 0002822985 scopus 로고
    • Elastic constants of mantle minerals at high temperature. In: a handbook of physical constants
    • Anderson O.L., and Isaak D.G. Elastic constants of mantle minerals at high temperature. In: a handbook of physical constants. American Geophysical Union Reference Shelf 2 (1995) 64-97
    • (1995) American Geophysical Union Reference Shelf , vol.2 , pp. 64-97
    • Anderson, O.L.1    Isaak, D.G.2
  • 4
    • 33645848138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global 1° × 1° thermal model TC1 for the continental lithosphere: implications for lithosphere secular evolution
    • Artemieva I.M. Global 1° × 1° thermal model TC1 for the continental lithosphere: implications for lithosphere secular evolution. Tectonophysics 416 (2006) 245-277
    • (2006) Tectonophysics , vol.416 , pp. 245-277
    • Artemieva, I.M.1
  • 5
    • 34250365824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic topography of the East European Craton: shedding light upon the lithospheric structure, composition and mantle dynamics
    • 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.02.013
    • Artemieva I.M. Dynamic topography of the East European Craton: shedding light upon the lithospheric structure, composition and mantle dynamics. Global and Planetary Change 58 (2007) 411-434 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.02.013
    • (2007) Global and Planetary Change , vol.58 , pp. 411-434
    • Artemieva, I.M.1
  • 6
    • 0034801185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal structure and evolution of Precambrian lithosphere: a global study
    • Artemieva I.M., and Mooney W.D. Thermal structure and evolution of Precambrian lithosphere: a global study. Journal of Geophysical Research 106 (2001) 16387-16414
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.106 , pp. 16387-16414
    • Artemieva, I.M.1    Mooney, W.D.2
  • 7
    • 0037078928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relation between cratonic lithosphere thickness, plate motions, and basal drag
    • Artemieva I.M., and Mooney W.D. On the relation between cratonic lithosphere thickness, plate motions, and basal drag. Tectonophysics 358 (2002) 211-231
    • (2002) Tectonophysics , vol.358 , pp. 211-231
    • Artemieva, I.M.1    Mooney, W.D.2
  • 8
    • 2542543533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear-wave velocity, seismic attenuation, and thermal structure of the continental upper mantle
    • Artemieva I.M., Billien M., Lévêque J.-J., and Mooney W.D. Shear-wave velocity, seismic attenuation, and thermal structure of the continental upper mantle. Geophysical Journal International 157 (2004) 607-628
    • (2004) Geophysical Journal International , vol.157 , pp. 607-628
    • Artemieva, I.M.1    Billien, M.2    Lévêque, J.-J.3    Mooney, W.D.4
  • 9
    • 33846070676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep Europe today: geophysical synthesis of the upper mantle structure and lithospheric processes over 3.5 Ga
    • Artemieva I.M., Thybo H., and Kaban M.K. Deep Europe today: geophysical synthesis of the upper mantle structure and lithospheric processes over 3.5 Ga. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 32 (2006) 11-41
    • (2006) Geological Society, London, Memoirs , vol.32 , pp. 11-41
    • Artemieva, I.M.1    Thybo, H.2    Kaban, M.K.3
  • 10
    • 0033428807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and origin of the Jan Lake Complex: a glimpse at the buried Archean craton of the Trans-Hudson Orogen
    • 10.1139/cjes-36-2-185
    • Ashton K.E., Heaman L.M., Lewry J.F., Hartlaub R.P., and Shi R. Age and origin of the Jan Lake Complex: a glimpse at the buried Archean craton of the Trans-Hudson Orogen. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36 2 (1999) 185-208 10.1139/cjes-36-2-185
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-208
    • Ashton, K.E.1    Heaman, L.M.2    Lewry, J.F.3    Hartlaub, R.P.4    Shi, R.5
  • 11
    • 0005809165 scopus 로고
    • Diversion of heat by Archean cratons: a model for southern Africa
    • Ballard S., and Pollack H.N. Diversion of heat by Archean cratons: a model for southern Africa. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 85 (1987) 253-264
    • (1987) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.85 , pp. 253-264
    • Ballard, S.1    Pollack, H.N.2
  • 12
    • 0043178234 scopus 로고
    • The strength of the Earth's crust
    • Barrel J. The strength of the Earth's crust. Journal of Geology 22 (1914) 87
    • (1914) Journal of Geology , vol.22 , pp. 87
    • Barrel, J.1
  • 14
    • 0025198317 scopus 로고
    • Variations in effective elastic thickness of the North American lithosphere
    • Bechtel T.D., Forsyth D.W., Sharpton V.L., and Grieve R.A.F. Variations in effective elastic thickness of the North American lithosphere. Nature 343 (1990) 636-638
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 636-638
    • Bechtel, T.D.1    Forsyth, D.W.2    Sharpton, V.L.3    Grieve, R.A.F.4
  • 16
    • 0032582894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An olivine fabric database: an overview of upper mantle fabrics and seismic anisotropy
    • Ben Ismail W., and Mainprice D. An olivine fabric database: an overview of upper mantle fabrics and seismic anisotropy. Tectonophysics 296 (1998) 145-157
    • (1998) Tectonophysics , vol.296 , pp. 145-157
    • Ben Ismail, W.1    Mainprice, D.2
  • 17
    • 0034010081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-linear global P-wave tomography by iterated linearized inversion
    • Bijwaard H., and Spakman W. Non-linear global P-wave tomography by iterated linearized inversion. Geophysical Journal International 141 (2000) 71-82
    • (2000) Geophysical Journal International , vol.141 , pp. 71-82
    • Bijwaard, H.1    Spakman, W.2
  • 18
    • 0001772614 scopus 로고
    • Heat flow and thermal history and New England and New York
    • An-Zen E. (Ed), Wiley, Interscience, New York
    • Birch F., Roy E.R., and Decker E.R. Heat flow and thermal history and New England and New York. In: An-Zen E. (Ed). Studies of Appalachian geology (1968), Wiley, Interscience, New York 437-451
    • (1968) Studies of Appalachian geology , pp. 437-451
    • Birch, F.1    Roy, E.R.2    Decker, E.R.3
  • 19
    • 0019353339 scopus 로고
    • Observations of flexure and the rheology of the oceanic lithosphere
    • Bodine J.H., Steckler M.S., and Watts A.B. Observations of flexure and the rheology of the oceanic lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 86 (1981) 3695-3707
    • (1981) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.86 , pp. 3695-3707
    • Bodine, J.H.1    Steckler, M.S.2    Watts, A.B.3
  • 21
    • 0023509224 scopus 로고
    • High- and low-temperature garnet peridotite xenoliths and their possible relation to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath southern Africa
    • Nixon P.H. (Ed), Wiley, Chichester
    • Boyd F.R. High- and low-temperature garnet peridotite xenoliths and their possible relation to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath southern Africa. In: Nixon P.H. (Ed). Mantle xenoliths (1987), Wiley, Chichester 403-412
    • (1987) Mantle xenoliths , pp. 403-412
    • Boyd, F.R.1
  • 22
    • 0024915493 scopus 로고
    • Compositional distinction between oceanic and cratonic lithosphere
    • Boyd F.R. Compositional distinction between oceanic and cratonic lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 96 (1989) 15-26
    • (1989) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.96 , pp. 15-26
    • Boyd, F.R.1
  • 23
    • 84945104597 scopus 로고
    • Densities of fertile and sterile garnet peridotites
    • Boyd F.R., and McCallister R.H. Densities of fertile and sterile garnet peridotites. Geophysical Research Letters 3 (1976) 509-512
    • (1976) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.3 , pp. 509-512
    • Boyd, F.R.1    McCallister, R.H.2
  • 24
    • 0002229262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinet-facies peridotites from the Kaapvaal root
    • Gurney J.J., Gurney J.L., Pascoe M.D., and Richardson S.H. (Eds)
    • Boyd F.R., Pearson D.G., and Mertzman S.A. Spinet-facies peridotites from the Kaapvaal root. In: Gurney J.J., Gurney J.L., Pascoe M.D., and Richardson S.H. (Eds). Proceedings of 7th International Kimberlite Conference vol. 1 (1999) 40-48
    • (1999) Proceedings of 7th International Kimberlite Conference , vol.1 , pp. 40-48
    • Boyd, F.R.1    Pearson, D.G.2    Mertzman, S.A.3
  • 27
    • 0032464955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A close look at dihedral angles and melt geometry in olivine-basalt aggregates: a TEM study
    • 10.1007/s004100050369
    • Cmíral M., Fitz Gerald J.D., Faul U.F., and Green D.H. A close look at dihedral angles and melt geometry in olivine-basalt aggregates: a TEM study. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 130 (1998) 336-345 10.1007/s004100050369
    • (1998) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.130 , pp. 336-345
    • Cmíral, M.1    Fitz Gerald, J.D.2    Faul, U.F.3    Green, D.H.4
  • 29
    • 0000210487 scopus 로고
    • A forward approach to the problem of nonlinear viscoelasticity and the thickness of the mechanical lithosphere
    • De Rito R., Gozzarelli F., and Hodge D. A forward approach to the problem of nonlinear viscoelasticity and the thickness of the mechanical lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 91 (1986) 8295-8313
    • (1986) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.91 , pp. 8295-8313
    • De Rito, R.1    Gozzarelli, F.2    Hodge, D.3
  • 30
    • 0036120267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anomalies of temperature and iron in the uppermost mantle inferred from gravity data and tomographic models
    • Deschamps F., Trampert J., and Snieder R. Anomalies of temperature and iron in the uppermost mantle inferred from gravity data and tomographic models. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interior 129 (2002) 245-264
    • (2002) Physics of Earth and Planetary Interior , vol.129 , pp. 245-264
    • Deschamps, F.1    Trampert, J.2    Snieder, R.3
  • 32
    • 0024526105 scopus 로고
    • Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper mantle
    • Duffy T.S., and Anderson D.L. Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 (1989) 1895-1912
    • (1989) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.94 , pp. 1895-1912
    • Duffy, T.S.1    Anderson, D.L.2
  • 34
    • 0034234862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On and off the North China Craton: where is the Archaean keel?
    • Fan W.M., Zhang H.F., and Baker J. On and off the North China Craton: where is the Archaean keel?. Journal of Petrology 41 (2000) 933-950
    • (2000) Journal of Petrology , vol.41 , pp. 933-950
    • Fan, W.M.1    Zhang, H.F.2    Baker, J.3
  • 35
    • 0031449716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permeability of partially molten upper mantle rocks from experiments and percolation theory
    • Faul U.H. Permeability of partially molten upper mantle rocks from experiments and percolation theory. Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (1997) 10299-10311
    • (1997) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.102 , pp. 10299-10311
    • Faul, U.H.1
  • 36
    • 18444385672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seismological signature of temperature and grain size variations in the upper mantle
    • Faul U.H., and Jackson I. The seismological signature of temperature and grain size variations in the upper mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 234 (2005) 119-134
    • (2005) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.234 , pp. 119-134
    • Faul, U.H.1    Jackson, I.2
  • 38
    • 0023490303 scopus 로고
    • Thermobarometry for garnet peridotites: basis for the determination of thermal and compositional structure of the upper mantle
    • Nixon P.H. (Ed), Wiley and Sons
    • Finnerty A.A., and Boyd F.R. Thermobarometry for garnet peridotites: basis for the determination of thermal and compositional structure of the upper mantle. In: Nixon P.H. (Ed). Mantle Xenoliths (1987), Wiley and Sons 381-402
    • (1987) Mantle Xenoliths , pp. 381-402
    • Finnerty, A.A.1    Boyd, F.R.2
  • 39
    • 0034623788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geodynamic evidence for a chemically depleted continental tectonosphere
    • Forte A.M., and Perry H.K.C. Geodynamic evidence for a chemically depleted continental tectonosphere. Science 290 (2000) 1940-1944
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 1940-1944
    • Forte, A.M.1    Perry, H.K.C.2
  • 40
    • 0028583558 scopus 로고
    • Joint inversions of seismic and geodynamic data for models of three-dimensional mantle heterogeneity
    • Forte A.M., Woodward R.L., and Dziewonski A.M. Joint inversions of seismic and geodynamic data for models of three-dimensional mantle heterogeneity. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 (1994) 21857-21887
    • (1994) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.99 , pp. 21857-21887
    • Forte, A.M.1    Woodward, R.L.2    Dziewonski, A.M.3
  • 41
    • 34548543937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric variations across the Superior Province, Ontario, Canada: Evidence from tomography and shear wave splitting
    • 10.1029/2006JB004861
    • Frederiksen A.W., Miong S.-K., Darbyshire F.A., Eaton D.W., Rondenay S., and Sol S. Lithospheric variations across the Superior Province, Ontario, Canada: Evidence from tomography and shear wave splitting. Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007) B07318 10.1029/2006JB004861
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.112
    • Frederiksen, A.W.1    Miong, S.-K.2    Darbyshire, F.A.3    Eaton, D.W.4    Rondenay, S.5    Sol, S.6
  • 43
    • 0028793024 scopus 로고
    • Thermal structure of the continental lithosphere: constraints from seismic tomography
    • Furlong F.P., Spakman W., and Wortel R. Thermal structure of the continental lithosphere: constraints from seismic tomography. Tectonophysics 244 (1995) 107-117
    • (1995) Tectonophysics , vol.244 , pp. 107-117
    • Furlong, F.P.1    Spakman, W.2    Wortel, R.3
  • 45
    • 34248334671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls of stable continental lithospheric thickness: the role of basal drag
    • Garfunkel Z. Controls of stable continental lithospheric thickness: the role of basal drag. Lithos 96 (2007) 299-314
    • (2007) Lithos , vol.96 , pp. 299-314
    • Garfunkel, Z.1
  • 46
    • 2542494945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal and compositional anomalies beneath the North American continent
    • 10.1029/2002JB002263
    • Godey S., Deschamps F., Trampert J., and Snieder R. Thermal and compositional anomalies beneath the North American continent. Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004) B01308 10.1029/2002JB002263
    • (2004) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.109
    • Godey, S.1    Deschamps, F.2    Trampert, J.3    Snieder, R.4
  • 47
    • 0037051482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal structure of the North American uppermost mantle inferred from seismic tomography
    • Goes S., and van der Lee S. Thermal structure of the North American uppermost mantle inferred from seismic tomography. Journal Geophysical Research, 107 (2002) 5276-5289
    • (2002) Journal Geophysical Research , vol.107 , pp. 5276-5289
    • Goes, S.1    van der Lee, S.2
  • 48
    • 0034630690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shallow upper mantle temperatures under Europe from P and S wave tomography
    • Goes S., Govers R., and Vacher P. Shallow upper mantle temperatures under Europe from P and S wave tomography. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (2000) 11153-11169
    • (2000) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.105 , pp. 11153-11169
    • Goes, S.1    Govers, R.2    Vacher, P.3
  • 49
    • 22144449933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic constraints on temperature of the Australian uppermost mantle
    • Goes S., Simons F.J., and Yoshizawa K. Seismic constraints on temperature of the Australian uppermost mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236 (2005) 227-237
    • (2005) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.236 , pp. 227-237
    • Goes, S.1    Simons, F.J.2    Yoshizawa, K.3
  • 51
    • 0032463313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency shear attenuation in polycrystalline olivine: grain boundary diffusion and the physical significance of the Andrade model for viscoelastic rheology
    • Gribb T.T., and Cooper R.F. Low-frequency shear attenuation in polycrystalline olivine: grain boundary diffusion and the physical significance of the Andrade model for viscoelastic rheology. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 (1998) 27267-27279
    • (1998) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.103 , pp. 27267-27279
    • Gribb, T.T.1    Cooper, R.F.2
  • 52
    • 0028975777 scopus 로고
    • Trace elements in indicator minerals: area selection and target evaluation in diamond exploration
    • Griffin W.L., and Ryan C.G. Trace elements in indicator minerals: area selection and target evaluation in diamond exploration. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 53 (1995) 311-337
    • (1995) Journal of Geochemical Exploration , vol.53 , pp. 311-337
    • Griffin, W.L.1    Ryan, C.G.2
  • 53
    • 0002723847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular variation in the composition of continental lithospheric mantle
    • Structure and evolution of the Australian continent. Braun J. (Ed)
    • Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., Ryan C.G., Gaul O., and Ionov D. Secular variation in the composition of continental lithospheric mantle. In: Braun J. (Ed). Structure and evolution of the Australian continent. American Geophysical Union Geodynamics Series vol. 26 (1998) 1-25
    • (1998) American Geophysical Union Geodynamics Series , vol.26 , pp. 1-25
    • Griffin, W.L.1    O'Reilly, S.Y.2    Ryan, C.G.3    Gaul, O.4    Ionov, D.5
  • 55
    • 0001033994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The composition and origin of continental lithospheric mantle
    • Mantle petrology: Field observations and high pressure experimentation: A tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd. Fei Y., Berthca C.M., and Mysen B.O. (Eds)
    • Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., and Ryan C.G. The composition and origin of continental lithospheric mantle. In: Fei Y., Berthca C.M., and Mysen B.O. (Eds). Mantle petrology: Field observations and high pressure experimentation: A tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd. Geochemical Society Special Publication vol. 6 (1999) 13-45
    • (1999) Geochemical Society Special Publication , vol.6 , pp. 13-45
    • Griffin, W.L.1    O'Reilly, S.Y.2    Ryan, C.G.3
  • 58
    • 0001990531 scopus 로고
    • Inclusions in diamond
    • Field J.E. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Harris J.W., and Gurney J.J. Inclusions in diamond. In: Field J.E. (Ed). The Properties of Diamond (1979), Academic Press, New York 555-591
    • (1979) The Properties of Diamond , pp. 555-591
    • Harris, J.W.1    Gurney, J.J.2
  • 60
    • 0034045507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of eastern North American kimberlite magmatism: Continental extension of the Great Meteor hotspot track?
    • Heaman L.M., and Kjarsgaard B.A. Timing of eastern North American kimberlite magmatism: Continental extension of the Great Meteor hotspot track?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 178 (2000) 253-268
    • (2000) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.178 , pp. 253-268
    • Heaman, L.M.1    Kjarsgaard, B.A.2
  • 61
    • 79955865392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of continental and oceanic mantle electrical conductivity: is the Archean lithosphere dry?
    • doi 2000GC000048
    • Hirth G., Evans R.L., and Chave A.D. Comparison of continental and oceanic mantle electrical conductivity: is the Archean lithosphere dry?. Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geosystems 1 (2000) doi 2000GC000048
    • (2000) Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geosystems , vol.1
    • Hirth, G.1    Evans, R.L.2    Chave, A.D.3
  • 62
    • 0000983868 scopus 로고
    • Melting and phase relations in a natural peridotite to 40 kilobars
    • Ito K., and Kennedy G.C. Melting and phase relations in a natural peridotite to 40 kilobars. American Journal of Sciences 265 (1967) 519-538
    • (1967) American Journal of Sciences , vol.265 , pp. 519-538
    • Ito, K.1    Kennedy, G.C.2
  • 63
    • 85013119414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory measurement of seismic wave dispersion and attenuation: recent progress
    • Jackson I. Laboratory measurement of seismic wave dispersion and attenuation: recent progress. Geophysical Monograph 117 (2000) 265-289
    • (2000) Geophysical Monograph , vol.117 , pp. 265-289
    • Jackson, I.1
  • 64
    • 1542339942 scopus 로고
    • Measured and calculated elastic wave velocities for xenoliths from the lower crust and upper mantle
    • Jackson I., Rudnick R.L., O'Reilly S.Y., and Bezant C. Measured and calculated elastic wave velocities for xenoliths from the lower crust and upper mantle. Tectonophysics 173 (1990) 207-210
    • (1990) Tectonophysics , vol.173 , pp. 207-210
    • Jackson, I.1    Rudnick, R.L.2    O'Reilly, S.Y.3    Bezant, C.4
  • 65
    • 0026464619 scopus 로고
    • Seismic wave dispersion and attenuation in Ǻheim dunite: an experimental study
    • Jackson I., Paterson M.S., and Fitz Gerald J.D. Seismic wave dispersion and attenuation in Ǻheim dunite: an experimental study. Geophysical Journal International 108 (1992) 517-534
    • (1992) Geophysical Journal International , vol.108 , pp. 517-534
    • Jackson, I.1    Paterson, M.S.2    Fitz Gerald, J.D.3
  • 66
    • 0008219623 scopus 로고
    • Application of the theory of heat conduction to geothermal measurements
    • Jaeger J.C. Application of the theory of heat conduction to geothermal measurements. American Geophysical Union Monograph vol. 8 (1965)
    • (1965) American Geophysical Union Monograph , vol.8
    • Jaeger, J.C.1
  • 67
  • 69
    • 0033398447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal structure and thickness of continental roots
    • Jaupart C., and Mareschal J.-C. Thermal structure and thickness of continental roots. Lithos 48 (1999) 93-114
    • (1999) Lithos , vol.48 , pp. 93-114
    • Jaupart, C.1    Mareschal, J.-C.2
  • 70
    • 0023685368 scopus 로고
    • Heat flow in the Witwatersrand Basin and environs and its significance for the South African Shield geotherm and lithosphere thickness
    • Jones M.Q.W. Heat flow in the Witwatersrand Basin and environs and its significance for the South African Shield geotherm and lithosphere thickness. Journal of Geophysical Research 93 (1988) 3243-3260
    • (1988) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.93 , pp. 3243-3260
    • Jones, M.Q.W.1
  • 72
    • 0000316330 scopus 로고
    • Composition and development of the continental tectosphere
    • Jordan T.H. Composition and development of the continental tectosphere. Nature 274 (1978) 544-548
    • (1978) Nature , vol.274 , pp. 544-548
    • Jordan, T.H.1
  • 73
    • 0001818055 scopus 로고
    • Mineralogies, densities and seismic velocities of garnet lherzolites and their geophysical implications
    • Boyd F.R., and Meyer H.O.A. (Eds), American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.
    • Jordan T.H. Mineralogies, densities and seismic velocities of garnet lherzolites and their geophysical implications. In: Boyd F.R., and Meyer H.O.A. (Eds). The mantle sample: Inclusions in kimberlite and other volcanics (1979), American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C. 1-14
    • (1979) The mantle sample: Inclusions in kimberlite and other volcanics , pp. 1-14
    • Jordan, T.H.1
  • 74
    • 84882874406 scopus 로고
    • Structure and formation of the continental tectosphere
    • Jordan T.H. Structure and formation of the continental tectosphere. Journal of Petrology 29 (1988) 11-37
    • (1988) Journal of Petrology , vol.29 , pp. 11-37
    • Jordan, T.H.1
  • 75
    • 34250372505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petrologic controls on the density and seismic velocities of the cratonic upper mantle
    • Jordan T.H. Petrologic controls on the density and seismic velocities of the cratonic upper mantle. Eos, Transactions of American Geophysical Union 78 46 (1997) F746
    • (1997) Eos, Transactions of American Geophysical Union , vol.78 , Issue.46
    • Jordan, T.H.1
  • 77
    • 10444241106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new isostatic model of the lithosphere and gravity field
    • Kaban M.K., Schwintzer P., and Reigber C. A new isostatic model of the lithosphere and gravity field. Journal of Geodesy 78 (2004) 368-385
    • (2004) Journal of Geodesy , vol.78 , pp. 368-385
    • Kaban, M.K.1    Schwintzer, P.2    Reigber, C.3
  • 78
    • 0022235885 scopus 로고
    • High temperature experiments on the elastic and anelastic behavior of magmatic rocks
    • Kampfmann W., and Berckhemer H. High temperature experiments on the elastic and anelastic behavior of magmatic rocks. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interior 40 (1985) 223-247
    • (1985) Physics of Earth and Planetary Interior , vol.40 , pp. 223-247
    • Kampfmann, W.1    Berckhemer, H.2
  • 79
    • 0027871018 scopus 로고
    • Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography
    • Karato S.-I. Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography. Geophysical Research Letters 20 (1993) 1623-1626
    • (1993) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.20 , pp. 1623-1626
    • Karato, S.-I.1
  • 80
    • 0025664943 scopus 로고
    • Defect microdynamics in minerals and solid state mechanisms of seismic wave attenuation and velocity dispersion in the mantle
    • Karato S., and Spetzler H.A. Defect microdynamics in minerals and solid state mechanisms of seismic wave attenuation and velocity dispersion in the mantle. Reviews of Geophysics 28 4 (1990) 399-421
    • (1990) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 399-421
    • Karato, S.1    Spetzler, H.A.2
  • 81
    • 0027387454 scopus 로고
    • Rheology of the upper mantle: a synthesis
    • Karato S., and Wu P. Rheology of the upper mantle: a synthesis. Science 260 (1993) 771-777
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 771-777
    • Karato, S.1    Wu, P.2
  • 82
    • 2542471434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olivine-wadsleyite transition in the system (Mg,Fe)(2)SiO4
    • Article Number: B02209
    • Katsura T., Yamada H., and Nishikawa O. Olivine-wadsleyite transition in the system (Mg,Fe)(2)SiO4. Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004) Article Number: B02209
    • (2004) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.109
    • Katsura, T.1    Yamada, H.2    Nishikawa, O.3
  • 83
    • 33750517760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On seismological reference models and the perceived nature of heterogeneity
    • Kennett B.L.N. On seismological reference models and the perceived nature of heterogeneity. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior 159 (2006) 129-139
    • (2006) Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior , vol.159 , pp. 129-139
    • Kennett, B.L.N.1
  • 84
    • 0026054159 scopus 로고
    • Travel times for global earthquake location and phase identification
    • Kennett B.L.N., and Engdahl E.R. Travel times for global earthquake location and phase identification. Geophysical Journal International 105 (1991) 429-465
    • (1991) Geophysical Journal International , vol.105 , pp. 429-465
    • Kennett, B.L.N.1    Engdahl, E.R.2
  • 86
    • 0033810538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical stratification of cratonic lithosphere: constraints from the Northern Slave craton, Canada
    • Kopylova M.G., and Russell J.K. Chemical stratification of cratonic lithosphere: constraints from the Northern Slave craton, Canada. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 181 (2000) 71-87
    • (2000) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.181 , pp. 71-87
    • Kopylova, M.G.1    Russell, J.K.2
  • 87
    • 0346121630 scopus 로고
    • Borehole temperatures in Transvaal and Orange Free State
    • Krige L.J. Borehole temperatures in Transvaal and Orange Free State. Proceedings of the Royal Society 173 (1939) 450-474
    • (1939) Proceedings of the Royal Society , vol.173 , pp. 450-474
    • Krige, L.J.1
  • 88
    • 0033617094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xenolith-controlled geotherm for the central Fennoscandian Shield: implications for lithosphere-asthenosphere relations
    • Kukkonen I.T., and Peltonen P. Xenolith-controlled geotherm for the central Fennoscandian Shield: implications for lithosphere-asthenosphere relations. Tectonophysics 304 (1999) 301-315
    • (1999) Tectonophysics , vol.304 , pp. 301-315
    • Kukkonen, I.T.1    Peltonen, P.2
  • 89
    • 0014329869 scopus 로고
    • Melting of a peridotite nodule at high pressures and high water pressures
    • Kushiro I., Syono Y., and Akimoto S. Melting of a peridotite nodule at high pressures and high water pressures. Journal of Geophysical Research 73 (1968) 6023-6029
    • (1968) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.73 , pp. 6023-6029
    • Kushiro, I.1    Syono, Y.2    Akimoto, S.3
  • 90
    • 33645500638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferring upper-mantle temperatures from seismic and geochemical constraints: implications for Kaapvaal craton
    • Kuskov O.L., Kronrod V.A., and Annersten H. Inferring upper-mantle temperatures from seismic and geochemical constraints: implications for Kaapvaal craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 244 (2006) 133-154
    • (2006) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.244 , pp. 133-154
    • Kuskov, O.L.1    Kronrod, V.A.2    Annersten, H.3
  • 91
    • 0022266116 scopus 로고
    • Dependence of the flexural rigidity of the continental lithosphere on rheology and temperature
    • Kusznir N., and Karner G. Dependence of the flexural rigidity of the continental lithosphere on rheology and temperature. Nature 316 (1985) 138-142
    • (1985) Nature , vol.316 , pp. 138-142
    • Kusznir, N.1    Karner, G.2
  • 92
    • 0014794090 scopus 로고
    • Crustal temperature and heat production: implications of the linear heat-flow relation
    • Lachenbruch A.H. Crustal temperature and heat production: implications of the linear heat-flow relation. Journal of Geophysical Research 75 (1970) 3291-3300
    • (1970) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.75 , pp. 3291-3300
    • Lachenbruch, A.H.1
  • 94
    • 22144431506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle temperature determined from combining mineral composition, electrical conductivity laboratory studies and magnetotelluric field observations: application to the intermontane belt, Northern Canadian Cordillera
    • Ledo J., and Jones A.G. Upper mantle temperature determined from combining mineral composition, electrical conductivity laboratory studies and magnetotelluric field observations: application to the intermontane belt, Northern Canadian Cordillera. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236 (2005) 258-268
    • (2005) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.236 , pp. 258-268
    • Ledo, J.1    Jones, A.G.2
  • 95
    • 0348159751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compositional variation of density and seismic velocities in natural peridotites at STP conditions: implications for seismic imaging of compositional heterogeneities in the upper mantle
    • 10.1029/2003JB002413
    • Lee C.-T.A. Compositional variation of density and seismic velocities in natural peridotites at STP conditions: implications for seismic imaging of compositional heterogeneities in the upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (2003) 2441 10.1029/2003JB002413
    • (2003) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.108 , pp. 2441
    • Lee, C.-T.A.1
  • 96
    • 0001723698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compositionally stratified cratonic lithosphere: petrology and geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths
    • Gurney J.J., Gurney J.L., Pascoe M.D., and Richardson S.H. (Eds)
    • Lee C.T., and Rudnick R.L. Compositionally stratified cratonic lithosphere: petrology and geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths. In: Gurney J.J., Gurney J.L., Pascoe M.D., and Richardson S.H. (Eds). Proceedings of 7th International Kimberlite Conference vol. 2 (1999) 503-521
    • (1999) Proceedings of 7th International Kimberlite Conference , vol.2 , pp. 503-521
    • Lee, C.T.1    Rudnick, R.L.2
  • 98
    • 0011113246 scopus 로고
    • The travel times of the longitudinal waves of the Logan and Blanca atomic explosions and their velocities in the upper mantle
    • Lehmann I. The travel times of the longitudinal waves of the Logan and Blanca atomic explosions and their velocities in the upper mantle. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 52 (1962) 519-526
    • (1962) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America , vol.52 , pp. 519-526
    • Lehmann, I.1
  • 99
    • 17744379983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Layered mantle at the Karelian Craton margin: P-T of mantle xenocrysts and xenoliths from the Kaavi-Kuopio kimberlites, Finland
    • Lehtonen M.L., O'Brien H.E., Peltonen P., Johanson B.S., and Pakkanen L.K. Layered mantle at the Karelian Craton margin: P-T of mantle xenocrysts and xenoliths from the Kaavi-Kuopio kimberlites, Finland. Lithos 77 (2004) 593-608
    • (2004) Lithos , vol.77 , pp. 593-608
    • Lehtonen, M.L.1    O'Brien, H.E.2    Peltonen, P.3    Johanson, B.S.4    Pakkanen, L.K.5
  • 100
    • 0035302693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat flow scaling for mantle convection below a conducting lid: resolving seemingly inconsistent modeling results regarding continental heat flow
    • Lenardic A., and Moresi L. Heat flow scaling for mantle convection below a conducting lid: resolving seemingly inconsistent modeling results regarding continental heat flow. Geophysical Research Letters 28 (2001) 1311-1314
    • (2001) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.28 , pp. 1311-1314
    • Lenardic, A.1    Moresi, L.2
  • 101
    • 34547162818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in styles of rifting in the Gulf of California
    • 10.1038/nature06035
    • Lizarralde D., Axen G.J., Brown H.E., and Fletcher J.M. Variation in styles of rifting in the Gulf of California. Nature 448 (2007) 466-469 10.1038/nature06035
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 466-469
    • Lizarralde, D.1    Axen, G.J.2    Brown, H.E.3    Fletcher, J.M.4
  • 102
    • 0033861220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Abitibi-Grenville Lithoprobe transect part III: introduction
    • Ludden J., and Hynes A. The Abitibi-Grenville Lithoprobe transect part III: introduction. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37 (2000) 115-116
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.37 , pp. 115-116
    • Ludden, J.1    Hynes, A.2
  • 103
    • 0000888639 scopus 로고
    • 3 in enstatite for spinel and garnet peridotite compositions
    • 3 in enstatite for spinel and garnet peridotite compositions. American Mineralogist 59 (1974) 110-119
    • (1974) American Mineralogist , vol.59 , pp. 110-119
    • MacGregor, I.D.1
  • 104
    • 31544447454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismological signature of chemical differentiation of Earth's upper mantle
    • 10.1029/2004JB003504
    • Matsukage K.N., Nishihara Y., and Karato S.-I. Seismological signature of chemical differentiation of Earth's upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (2005) B12305 10.1029/2004JB003504
    • (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.110
    • Matsukage, K.N.1    Nishihara, Y.2    Karato, S.-I.3
  • 105
    • 0001342856 scopus 로고
    • Some remarks on heat flow and gravity anomalies
    • McKenzie D.P. Some remarks on heat flow and gravity anomalies. Journal of Geophysical Research 72 (1967) 6261-6273
    • (1967) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.72 , pp. 6261-6273
    • McKenzie, D.P.1
  • 106
    • 0022229912 scopus 로고
    • The extraction of magma from the crust and mantle
    • McKenzie D.P. The extraction of magma from the crust and mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 74 (1985) 81-91
    • (1985) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.74 , pp. 81-91
    • McKenzie, D.P.1
  • 107
    • 0024909646 scopus 로고
    • Some remarks on the movement of small melt fractions in the mantle
    • McKenzie D.P. Some remarks on the movement of small melt fractions in the mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 95 (1989) 53-72
    • (1989) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.95 , pp. 53-72
    • McKenzie, D.P.1
  • 109
    • 0027880389 scopus 로고
    • Paleozoic and Cenozoic lithoprobes and the loss of > 120 km of Archean lithosphere, Sino-Korean craton, China
    • Menzies M.A., Weiming F., and Zhang M. Paleozoic and Cenozoic lithoprobes and the loss of > 120 km of Archean lithosphere, Sino-Korean craton, China. Geological Society London, Special Publication 76 (1993) 71-81
    • (1993) Geological Society London, Special Publication , vol.76 , pp. 71-81
    • Menzies, M.A.1    Weiming, F.2    Zhang, M.3
  • 110
    • 34247108204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular cooling and thermal structure of continental lithosphere
    • Michaut C., and Jaupart C. Secular cooling and thermal structure of continental lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 257 (2007) 83-96
    • (2007) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.257 , pp. 83-96
    • Michaut, C.1    Jaupart, C.2
  • 112
    • 0029729262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to reconcile body-wave and normal-mode reference Earth models?
    • Montagner J.-P., and Kennett B.L.N. How to reconcile body-wave and normal-mode reference Earth models?. Geophysical Journal International 125 (1996) 229-248
    • (1996) Geophysical Journal International , vol.125 , pp. 229-248
    • Montagner, J.-P.1    Kennett, B.L.N.2
  • 113
    • 62049084605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • compilation
    • Mooney W.D., 2005. Global crustal database. USGS compilation. http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/ structure/CrustalStructure/index.html.
    • (2005) Global crustal database
    • Mooney, W.D.1
  • 114
    • 0001329478 scopus 로고
    • Shear wave velocity in partially molten peridotite at high pressures
    • Murase T., and Fukuyama H. Shear wave velocity in partially molten peridotite at high pressures. Year Book Carnegie Institute, Washington, D.C. vol. 79 (1980) 307-310
    • (1980) Year Book Carnegie Institute, Washington, D.C. , vol.79 , pp. 307-310
    • Murase, T.1    Fukuyama, H.2
  • 115
    • 0001666813 scopus 로고
    • Compressional wave velocity in partially molten peridotite at high pressures
    • Murase T., and Kushiro I. Compressional wave velocity in partially molten peridotite at high pressures. Year Book Carnegie Institute, Washington, D.C. vol. 78 (1979) 559-562
    • (1979) Year Book Carnegie Institute, Washington, D.C. , vol.78 , pp. 559-562
    • Murase, T.1    Kushiro, I.2
  • 116
    • 0033813433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single clinopyroxene thermobarometry for garnet peridotites. Part 1. Calibration and testing of a Cr-in-Cpx barometer and an enstatite-in-Cpx thermometer
    • Nimis P., and Taylor W.R. Single clinopyroxene thermobarometry for garnet peridotites. Part 1. Calibration and testing of a Cr-in-Cpx barometer and an enstatite-in-Cpx thermometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 139 (2000) 541-554
    • (2000) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.139 , pp. 541-554
    • Nimis, P.1    Taylor, W.R.2
  • 118
  • 119
    • 0028574902 scopus 로고
    • Low S velocities under the Tornquist-Teisseyre zone: evidence from water injection into the transition zone by subduction
    • Nolet G., and Zielhuis A. Low S velocities under the Tornquist-Teisseyre zone: evidence from water injection into the transition zone by subduction. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 (1994) 15813-15820
    • (1994) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.99 , pp. 15813-15820
    • Nolet, G.1    Zielhuis, A.2
  • 120
    • 0007302941 scopus 로고
    • A global analysis of heat flow from Precambrian terrains: implications for the thermal structure of Archean and Proterozoic lithosphere
    • Nyblade A.A., and Pollack H.N. A global analysis of heat flow from Precambrian terrains: implications for the thermal structure of Archean and Proterozoic lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (1993) 12207-12218
    • (1993) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.98 , pp. 12207-12218
    • Nyblade, A.A.1    Pollack, H.N.2
  • 121
    • 34250270869 scopus 로고
    • An empirical study of Fe-Mg partitioning between garnet and olivine and its calibration as a geothermometer
    • O'Neill H.S.C., and Wood B.J. An empirical study of Fe-Mg partitioning between garnet and olivine and its calibration as a geothermometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 70 (1979) 59-70
    • (1979) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.70 , pp. 59-70
    • O'Neill, H.S.C.1    Wood, B.J.2
  • 122
    • 0029501780 scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of Archaean lithospheric mantle; a Re-Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from the Kaapvaal Craton
    • Pearson D.G., Carlson R.W., Shirey S.B., Boyd F.R., and Nixon P.H. Stabilization of Archaean lithospheric mantle; a Re-Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from the Kaapvaal Craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 134 (1995) 341-357
    • (1995) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.134 , pp. 341-357
    • Pearson, D.G.1    Carlson, R.W.2    Shirey, S.B.3    Boyd, F.R.4    Nixon, P.H.5
  • 123
    • 0041622801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle thermochemical structure beneath North America from seismic-geodynamic flow models
    • Perry H.K.C., Forte A.M., and Eaton D.W.S. Upper mantle thermochemical structure beneath North America from seismic-geodynamic flow models. Geophysical Journal International 154 (2003) 279-299
    • (2003) Geophysical Journal International , vol.154 , pp. 279-299
    • Perry, H.K.C.1    Forte, A.M.2    Eaton, D.W.S.3
  • 124
    • 33744901737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crustal heat production in the Superior Province, Canadian Shield, and in North America inferred from heat flow data
    • 10.1029/2005JB003893
    • Perry H.K.C., Jaupart C., Mareschal J.-C., and Bienfait G. Crustal heat production in the Superior Province, Canadian Shield, and in North America inferred from heat flow data. Journal of Geophysical Research 111 (2006) B04401 10.1029/2005JB003893
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.111
    • Perry, H.K.C.1    Jaupart, C.2    Mareschal, J.-C.3    Bienfait, G.4
  • 125
    • 0032582895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Velocity structure around the Baikal rift zone from teleseismic and local earthquake traveltimes and geodynamic implications
    • Petit C., Koulakov I., and Deverchere J. Velocity structure around the Baikal rift zone from teleseismic and local earthquake traveltimes and geodynamic implications. Tectonophysics 296 (1998) 125-144
    • (1998) Tectonophysics , vol.296 , pp. 125-144
    • Petit, C.1    Koulakov, I.2    Deverchere, J.3
  • 126
    • 0023468836 scopus 로고
    • The vertical distribution of radiogenic heat production in the Precambrian crust of Norway and Sweden; geothermal implications
    • Pinet C., and Jaupart C. The vertical distribution of radiogenic heat production in the Precambrian crust of Norway and Sweden; geothermal implications. Geophysical Research Letters 14 (1987) 260-263
    • (1987) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.14 , pp. 260-263
    • Pinet, C.1    Jaupart, C.2
  • 127
    • 0037078931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) through changes in seismic anisotropy
    • Plomerová J., Kouba D., and Babuška V. Mapping the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) through changes in seismic anisotropy. Tectonophysics 358 (2002) 175-186
    • (2002) Tectonophysics , vol.358 , pp. 175-186
    • Plomerová, J.1    Kouba, D.2    Babuška, V.3
  • 128
    • 49349138460 scopus 로고
    • On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms, and lithospheric thickness
    • Pollack H.N., and Chapman D.S. On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms, and lithospheric thickness. Tectonophysics 38 (1977) 279-296
    • (1977) Tectonophysics , vol.38 , pp. 279-296
    • Pollack, H.N.1    Chapman, D.S.2
  • 129
    • 0027883230 scopus 로고
    • Heat flow from the Earth's interior: analysis of the global data set
    • Pollack H.N., Hurter S.J., and Johnson J.R. Heat flow from the Earth's interior: analysis of the global data set. Reviews of Geophysics 31 (1993) 267-280
    • (1993) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.31 , pp. 267-280
    • Pollack, H.N.1    Hurter, S.J.2    Johnson, J.R.3
  • 130
    • 0027838318 scopus 로고
    • Thermal dehydration reactions characterized by combined measurements of electrical conductivity and elastic wave velocities
    • Popp T., and Kern H. Thermal dehydration reactions characterized by combined measurements of electrical conductivity and elastic wave velocities. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 120 (1993) 43-57
    • (1993) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.120 , pp. 43-57
    • Popp, T.1    Kern, H.2
  • 131
    • 0037998578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic evidence for a moderately thick lithosphere beneath the Siberian platform
    • 10.1029/2002GL015931
    • Priestley K., and Debayle E. Seismic evidence for a moderately thick lithosphere beneath the Siberian platform. Geophysical Research Letters 30 3 (2003) 1118 10.1029/2002GL015931
    • (2003) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 1118
    • Priestley, K.1    Debayle, E.2
  • 132
    • 33645885310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The state of the upper mantle beneath southern Africa
    • Priestley K., McKenzie D., and Debayle E. The state of the upper mantle beneath southern Africa. Tectonophysics 416 (2006) 101-112
    • (2006) Tectonophysics , vol.416 , pp. 101-112
    • Priestley, K.1    McKenzie, D.2    Debayle, E.3
  • 133
    • 0346454157 scopus 로고
    • Heat flow through the floor of the eastern North Pacific Ocean
    • Revelle R., and Maxwell A.E. Heat flow through the floor of the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Nature 170 (1952) 199-200
    • (1952) Nature , vol.170 , pp. 199-200
    • Revelle, R.1    Maxwell, A.E.2
  • 134
    • 84879883348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New seismic model of the upper mantle beneath Africa
    • Ritsema J., and van Heijst H. New seismic model of the upper mantle beneath Africa. Geology 28 (2000) 63-66
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 63-66
    • Ritsema, J.1    van Heijst, H.2
  • 135
    • 0028870882 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional seismic models of the Earth's mantle
    • Ritzwoller M.H., and Lavely E.M. Three-dimensional seismic models of the Earth's mantle. Reviews of Geophysics 33 (1995) 1-66
    • (1995) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.33 , pp. 1-66
    • Ritzwoller, M.H.1    Lavely, E.M.2
  • 136
    • 0033810981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal structure of continental upper mantle inferred from S-wave velocity and surface heat flow
    • Röhm A.H.E., Snieder R., Goes S., and Trampert J. Thermal structure of continental upper mantle inferred from S-wave velocity and surface heat flow. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 181 (2000) 395-407
    • (2000) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.181 , pp. 395-407
    • Röhm, A.H.E.1    Snieder, R.2    Goes, S.3    Trampert, J.4
  • 138
    • 0002317266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thickness and heat production of Archean lithosphere: constraints from xenolith thermobarometry and surface heat flow
    • Mantle petrology: Field observations and high pressure experimentation: A tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd. Fei Y., Bertka C.M., and Mysen B.O. (Eds)
    • Rudnick L.R., and Nyblade A.A. The thickness and heat production of Archean lithosphere: constraints from xenolith thermobarometry and surface heat flow. In: Fei Y., Bertka C.M., and Mysen B.O. (Eds). Mantle petrology: Field observations and high pressure experimentation: A tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd. Chemical Society Special Publication vol. 6 (1999) 3-12
    • (1999) Chemical Society Special Publication , vol.6 , pp. 3-12
    • Rudnick, L.R.1    Nyblade, A.A.2
  • 139
    • 0024528276 scopus 로고
    • Anelasticity and thermal structure of the oceanic mantle: temperature calibration with heat flow data
    • Sato H., and Sacks I.S. Anelasticity and thermal structure of the oceanic mantle: temperature calibration with heat flow data. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 (1989) 5705-5715
    • (1989) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.94 , pp. 5705-5715
    • Sato, H.1    Sacks, I.S.2
  • 140
    • 0024531484 scopus 로고
    • The use of laboratory velocity data for estimating temperature and partial melt fraction in the low-velocity zone: comparison with heat flow and electrical studies
    • Sato H., Sacks I.S., and Murase T. The use of laboratory velocity data for estimating temperature and partial melt fraction in the low-velocity zone: comparison with heat flow and electrical studies. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 (1989) 5689-5704
    • (1989) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.94 , pp. 5689-5704
    • Sato, H.1    Sacks, I.S.2    Murase, T.3
  • 141
    • 0018911572 scopus 로고
    • The heat flow through oceanic and continental crust and the heat loss of the Earth
    • Sclater J.G., Jaupart C., and Galson D. The heat flow through oceanic and continental crust and the heat loss of the Earth. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics 18 (1980) 269-311
    • (1980) Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics , vol.18 , pp. 269-311
    • Sclater, J.G.1    Jaupart, C.2    Galson, D.3
  • 142
    • 0036788845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte-Carlo inversion for a global shear velocity model of the crust and upper mantle
    • Shapiro N.M., and Ritzwoller M.H. Monte-Carlo inversion for a global shear velocity model of the crust and upper mantle. Geophysical Journal International 151 (2002) 1-18
    • (2002) Geophysical Journal International , vol.151 , pp. 1-18
    • Shapiro, N.M.1    Ritzwoller, M.H.2
  • 143
    • 84999274236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional patterns in the paragenesis and age of inclusions in diamond, diamond composition, and the lithospheric seismic structure of Southern Africa
    • Shirey S.B., Harris J.W., Richardson S.H., Fouch M.J., James D.E., Cartigny P., Deines P., and Viljoen F. Regional patterns in the paragenesis and age of inclusions in diamond, diamond composition, and the lithospheric seismic structure of Southern Africa. Lithos 71 (2003) 243-258
    • (2003) Lithos , vol.71 , pp. 243-258
    • Shirey, S.B.1    Harris, J.W.2    Richardson, S.H.3    Fouch, M.J.4    James, D.E.5    Cartigny, P.6    Deines, P.7    Viljoen, F.8
  • 144
    • 0033378615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The deep structure of the Australian continent from surface wave tomography
    • Simons F.J., Zielhuis A., and van der Hilst R.D. The deep structure of the Australian continent from surface wave tomography. Lithos 48 (1999) 17-43
    • (1999) Lithos , vol.48 , pp. 17-43
    • Simons, F.J.1    Zielhuis, A.2    van der Hilst, R.D.3
  • 145
    • 20544460113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geodynamic implications of xenolith geotherms
    • 10.1029/2003GC000511
    • Sleep N.H. Geodynamic implications of xenolith geotherms. Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geosystems 4 9 (2003) 1079 10.1029/2003GC000511
    • (2003) Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geosystems , vol.4 , Issue.9 , pp. 1079
    • Sleep, N.H.1
  • 146
    • 0029730728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle temperatures from teleseismic tomography of French Massif Central including effects of composition, mineral reactions, anharmonicity, anelasticity and partial melt
    • Sobolev S.V., Zeyen H., Stoll G., Werling F., Altherr R., and Fuchs K. Upper mantle temperatures from teleseismic tomography of French Massif Central including effects of composition, mineral reactions, anharmonicity, anelasticity and partial melt. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 139 (1996) 147-163
    • (1996) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.139 , pp. 147-163
    • Sobolev, S.V.1    Zeyen, H.2    Stoll, G.3    Werling, F.4    Altherr, R.5    Fuchs, K.6
  • 147
    • 0000729996 scopus 로고
    • Elastic constants in minerals
    • Carmichel R.S. (Ed), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
    • Sumino Y., and Anderson O.L. Elastic constants in minerals. In: Carmichel R.S. (Ed). CRC Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks (1982), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. 39-138
    • (1982) CRC Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks , pp. 39-138
    • Sumino, Y.1    Anderson, O.L.2
  • 148
    • 0019676543 scopus 로고
    • The mechanical and electrical properties of earth's asthenosphere
    • Tozer D.C. The mechanical and electrical properties of earth's asthenosphere. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior 25 (1981) 280-296
    • (1981) Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior , vol.25 , pp. 280-296
    • Tozer, D.C.1
  • 149
    • 0029504449 scopus 로고
    • Global phase velocity maps of Love and Rayleigh waves between 40 and 150 s
    • Trampert J., and Woodhouse J.H. Global phase velocity maps of Love and Rayleigh waves between 40 and 150 s. Geophysical Journal International 122 (1995) 675-690
    • (1995) Geophysical Journal International , vol.122 , pp. 675-690
    • Trampert, J.1    Woodhouse, J.H.2
  • 150
    • 2142738041 scopus 로고
    • A method of estimating the melting-point gradient in the earth's mantle
    • Uffen R.J. A method of estimating the melting-point gradient in the earth's mantle. Transactions of American Geophysical Union 33 (1952) 893-896
    • (1952) Transactions of American Geophysical Union , vol.33 , pp. 893-896
    • Uffen, R.J.1
  • 151
    • 0037107924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution estimates of lithospheric thickness from Missouri to Massachusetts, USA
    • van der Lee S. High-resolution estimates of lithospheric thickness from Missouri to Massachusetts, USA. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 203 (2002) 15-23
    • (2002) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.203 , pp. 15-23
    • van der Lee, S.1
  • 152
    • 9744246739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geophysical evidence for chemical variations in the Australian Continental Mantle
    • Article Number: L17607
    • van Gerven L., Deschamps F., and van der Hilst R.D. Geophysical evidence for chemical variations in the Australian Continental Mantle. Geophysical Research Letters 31 (2004) Article Number: L17607
    • (2004) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.31
    • van Gerven, L.1    Deschamps, F.2    van der Hilst, R.D.3
  • 153
    • 0033208550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elastic thickness of the lithosphere in the central Canadian Shield
    • Wang Y., and Mareschal J.-C. Elastic thickness of the lithosphere in the central Canadian Shield. Geophysical Research Letters 26 (1999) 3033-3036
    • (1999) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.26 , pp. 3033-3036
    • Wang, Y.1    Mareschal, J.-C.2
  • 154
    • 0001689554 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of isostasy in the world's oceans, 1. Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain
    • Watts A.B. An analysis of isostasy in the world's oceans, 1. Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain. Journal of Geophysical Research 83 (1978) 5989-6004
    • (1978) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.83 , pp. 5989-6004
    • Watts, A.B.1
  • 158
    • 0141683982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in oxygen fugacity with depth in the upper mantle beneath the Kaapvaal craton, Southern Africa
    • Woodland A.B., and Koch M. Variation in oxygen fugacity with depth in the upper mantle beneath the Kaapvaal craton, Southern Africa. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 214 (2003) 295-310
    • (2003) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.214 , pp. 295-310
    • Woodland, A.B.1    Koch, M.2
  • 159
    • 0033541048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle velocity structure beneath southern Africa from modeling regional seismic data
    • Zhao M., Langston C.A., Nyblade A.A., and Owens T.J. Upper mantle velocity structure beneath southern Africa from modeling regional seismic data. Journal Geophysical Research 104 (1999) 4783-4794
    • (1999) Journal Geophysical Research , vol.104 , pp. 4783-4794
    • Zhao, M.1    Langston, C.A.2    Nyblade, A.A.3    Owens, T.J.4
  • 160
    • 0027803640 scopus 로고
    • High-resolution global upper mantle structure and plate tectonics
    • Zhang Y.-S., and Tanimoto T. High-resolution global upper mantle structure and plate tectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (1993) 9793-9823
    • (1993) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.98 , pp. 9793-9823
    • Zhang, Y.-S.1    Tanimoto, T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.