Functional characteristics of developmental dyslexia in left-hemispheric posterior brain regions predate reading onset

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 109, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 2156-2161

  Raschle, Nora Maria ^a,b   Zuk, Jennifer ^a   Gaab, Nadine ^a,b,c  

^a BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Developmental disorder; Functional MRI; Learning disability; Pediatric neuroimaging; Reading disability

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN REGION; CEREBELLUM; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA; DYSLEXIA; FAMILY HISTORY; FRONTAL CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; FUSIFORM GYRUS; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LEFT HEMISPHERE; LINGUAL GYRUS; MIDDLE TEMPORAL GYRUS; NEUROIMAGING; PHONETICS; POSTCENTRAL GYRUS; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; READING; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS;

ADULT; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN MAPPING; CEREBRUM; CHILD; DEMOGRAPHY; DYSLEXIA; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; READING;

EID: 84857126289     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1107721109     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. World Health Organization (1992) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (WHO, Geneva).
2. Lyon GR, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA (2003) Defining dyslexia, comorbidity, teachers' knowledge of language and reading. A definition of dyslexia. Ann Dyslexia 53(1):1-14.
3. Childs B, Finucci JM (1983) Genetics, Epidemiology, and Specific Reading Disability (Guilford, New York).
4. Pennington BF (1991) Annotation: The genetics of dyslexia. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 31:193-201.
5. Hannula-Jouppi K, et al. (2005) The axon guidance receptor gene ROBO1 is a candidate gene for developmental dyslexia. PLoS Genet 1:e50.
6. Meng H, et al. (2005) DCDC2 is associated with reading disability and modulates neuronal development in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:17053-17058. (Pubitemid 41692682)
7. Paracchini S, et al. (2006) The chromosome 6p22 haplotype associated with dyslexia reduces the expression of KIAA0319, a novel gene involved in neuronal migration. Hum Mol Genet 15:1659-1666. (Pubitemid 43904832)
8. Galaburda AM, LoTurco J, Ramus F, Fitch RH, Rosen GD (2006) From genes to behavior in developmental dyslexia. Nat Neurosci 9:1213-1217. (Pubitemid 44462637)
9. Humphrey N, Mullins PM (2004) Self-concept and self-esteem in developmental dyslexia. J Res Spec Educ Needs 2:1-13.
10. Saracoglu B, Minden H, Wilchesky M (1989) The adjustment of students with learning disabilities to university and its relationship to self-esteem and self-efficacy. J Learn Disabil 22:590-592.
11. Valas H (1999) Students with learning disabilities and low-achieving students: Peer acceptance, loneliness, self-esteem, and depression. Soc Psychol Educ 3(3):173-192.
12. Marder C, D'Amico R (1992) How well are youth with disabilities really doing? A comparison of youth with disabilities and youth in general. in US Department of Education, ed Programs OoSE (SRI International, Menlo Park, CA).
13. Wagner M, Blackorby J, Cameto R, Hebbeler K, Newman L (1993) The Transition Experiences of Young People with Disabilities. A Summary of Findings from the National Longitudinal Transition Study of Special Education Students (SRI International, Menlo Park, CA).
14. Reason R (2001) Educational practice and dyslexia. Psychologist 4:298-301.
15. Liberman IY, Shankweiler D, Liberman AM (1989) The alphabetic principle and learning to read. Phonology and Reading Disability: Solving the Reading Puzzle, eds Shankweiler D, Liberman IY (University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI), pp 1-33.
16. Stein J (2001) The magnocellular theory of developmental dyslexia. Dyslexia 7:12-36.
17. Wagner RK, Torgesen JK (1987) The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the aquisition of reading skills. Psychol Bull 101:192-212.
18. Ramus F (2003) Developmental dyslexia: Specific phonological deficit or general sensorimotor dysfunction? Curr Opin Neurobiol 13:212-218.
19. Juel C (1988) Learning to read and write: A longitudinal study of 54 children from first through fourth grades. J Educ Psychol 80:437-447.
20. Vaessen A, Gerretsen P, Blomert L (2009) Naming problems do not reflect a second independent core deficit in dyslexia: Double deficits explored. J Exp Child Psychol 103:202-221.
21. Scarborough H (1998) Predicting the future achievement of second graders with reading disabilities: Contributions of phonemic awareness, verbal memory, rapid naming, and IQ. Ann Dyslexia 48(1):115-136.
22. Stanovich KE, Seigel LS (1994) Phenotypic performance profile of children with reading disabilities: A regression-based test of the phonological-core variable-difference model. J Educ Psychol 86(1):24-53.
23. Pennington BF, Lefly DL (2001) Early reading development in children at family risk for dyslexia. Child Dev 72:816-833. (Pubitemid 33597405)
24. Snowling MJ, Gallagher A, Frith U (2003) Family risk of dyslexia is continuous: Individual differences in the precursors of reading skill. Child Dev 74:358-373. (Pubitemid 37244654)
25. Burgess SR, Lonigan CJ (1998) Bidirectional relations of phonological sensitivity and prereading abilities: Evidence from a preschool sample. J Exp Child Psychol 70:117-141. (Pubitemid 128428606)
26. Flax JF, Realpe-Bonilla T, Roesler C, Choudhury N, Benasich A (2009) Using early standardized language measures to predict later language and early reading outcomes in children at high risk for language-learning impairments. J Learn Disabil 42:61-75.
27. Lundberg I, Olofsson A, Wall S (1980) Reading and spelling skills in the first school years predicted from phonemic awareness skills in the kindergarten. Scand J Psychol 21(1):159-173.
28. Mann V, Ditunno P (1990) Phonological deficiencies: Effective predictors of future reading. Perspectives on Dyslexia, ed Pavlides G (Wiley, Chichester, UK), Vol 2, pp 105-131.
29. Mann VA, Liberman IY (1984) Phonological awareness and verbal short-term memory. J Learn Disabil 17:592-599.
30. Nation K, Hulme C (1997) Phonemic segmentation, not onset-rime segmentation, predicts early reading and spelling skills. Read Res Q 32(2):154-167. (Pubitemid 127459461)
31. Stuart M, Coltheart M (1988) Does reading develop in a sequence of stages? Cognition 30(2):139-181.
32. Tunmer WE (1989) The role of language related factors in reading disability. Phonology and reading disability: Solving the reading puzzle, eds Shankweiler D, Liberman IY (University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI), pp 91-131.
33. Butler PD, et al. (2001) Dysfunction of early-stage visual processing in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 158:1126-1133. (Pubitemid 32623117)
34. Share DL, McGee R, Silva PA (1989) IQ and reading progress: A test of the capacity notion of IQ. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 28:97-100. (Pubitemid 19037887)
35. Silva PA, McGee R, Williams S (1985) Some characteristics of 9-year-old boys with general reading backwardness or specific reading retardation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 26:407-421. (Pubitemid 15063289)
36. Wolf M, Goodglass H (1986) Dyslexia, dysnomia, and lexical retrieval: A longitudinal investigation. Brain Lang 28:154-168. (Pubitemid 16022675)
37. Badian NA (1992) Nonverbal learning disability, school behavior, and dyslexia. Ann Dyslexia 42(1):159-178.
38. Gallagher A, Frith U, Snowling MJ (2000) Precursors of literacy delay among children at genetic risk of dyslexia. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 41:203-213. (Pubitemid 30150710)
39. McCandliss BD, Noble KG (2003) The development of reading impairment: A cognitive neuroscience model. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 9:196-204. (Pubitemid 37128494)
40. Pugh KR, et al. (2001) Neurobiological studies of reading and reading disability. J Commun Disord 34:479-492. (Pubitemid 33065668)
41. Sandak R, et al. (2004) The neurobiology of adaptive learning in reading: A contrast of different training conditions. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 4:67-88. (Pubitemid 38787910)
42. Schlaggar BL, McCandliss BD (2007) Development of neural systems for reading. Annu Rev Neurosci 30:475-503. (Pubitemid 47218765)
43. Temple E (2002) Brain mechanisms in normal and dyslexic readers. Curr Opin Neurobiol 12:178-183.
44. Hoeft F, et al. (2007) Functional and morphometric brain dissociation between dyslexia and reading ability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:4234-4239. (Pubitemid 47181608)
45. Turkeltaub PE, Gareau L, Flowers DL, Zeffiro TA, Eden GF (2003) Development of neural mechanisms for reading. Nat Neurosci 6:767-773. (Pubitemid 36792893)
46. Gaillard WD, Balsamo LM, Ibrahim Z, Sachs BC, Xu B (2003) fMRI identifies regional specialization of neural networks for reading in young children. Neurology 60:94-100. (Pubitemid 36070651)
47. McCrory EJ, Mechelli A, Frith U, Price CJ (2005) More than words: A common neural basis for reading and naming deficits in developmental dyslexia? Brain 128:261-267. (Pubitemid 40222595)
48. Paulesu E, et al. (2001) Dyslexia: Cultural diversity and biological unity. Science 291:2165-2167. (Pubitemid 32224450)
49. Shaywitz BA, et al. (2002) Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia. Biol Psychiatry 52:101-110. (Pubitemid 34756555)
50. Shaywitz SE, et al. (1998) Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:2636-2641. (Pubitemid 28145995)
51. Temple E, et al. (2001) Disrupted neural responses to phonological and orthographic processing in dyslexic children: An fMRI study. Neuroreport 12:299-307. (Pubitemid 32114369)
52. Houdé O, Rossi S, Lubin A, Joliot M (2010) Mapping numerical processing, reading, and executive functions in the developing brain: An fMRI meta-analysis of 52 studies including 842 children. Dev Sci 13:876-885.
53. Jobard G, Crivello F, Tzourio-Mazoyer N (2003) Evaluation of the dual route theory of reading: A metanalysis of 35 neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage 20:693-712. (Pubitemid 37268098)
54. Richlan F, Kronbichler M, Wimmer H (2009) Functional abnormalities in the dyslexic brain: A quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp 30:3299-3308.
55. Richlan F, Kronbichler M, Wimmer H (2011) Meta-analyzing brain dysfunctions in dyslexic children and adults. Neuroimage 56:1735-1742.
56. Brambati SM, et al. (2004) Regional reductions of gray matter volume in familial dyslexia. Neurology 63:742-745. (Pubitemid 39100842)
57. Brown WE, et al. (2001) Preliminary evidence of widespread morphological variations of the brain in dyslexia. Neurology 56:781-783. (Pubitemid 32240101)
58. Eckert MA, et al. (2005) Anatomical signatures of dyslexia in children: Unique information from manual and voxel based morphometry brain measures. Cortex 41:304-315. (Pubitemid 40561454)
59. Kronbichler M, et al. (2008) Developmental dyslexia: Gray matter abnormalities in the occipitotemporal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 29:613-625. (Pubitemid 351706809)
60. Pernet C, Andersson J, Paulesu E, Demonet JF (2009) When all hypotheses are right: A multifocal account of dyslexia. Hum Brain Mapp 30:2278-2292.
61. Silani G, et al. (2005) Brain abnormalities underlying altered activation in dyslexia: A voxel based morphometry study. Brain 128:2453-2461. (Pubitemid 41407983)
62. Raschle NM, Chang M, Gaab N (2010) Structural brain alterations associated with dyslexia predate reading onset. Neuroimage 57:742-749.
63. Georgiewa P, et al. (2002) Phonological processing in dyslexic children: A study combining functional imaging and event related potentials. Neurosci Lett 318:5-8. (Pubitemid 34084952)
64. Hoeft F, et al. (2011) Neural systems predicting long-term outcome in dyslexia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:361-366.
65. Maurer U, et al. (2009) Neurophysiology in preschool improves behavioral prediction of reading ability throughout primary school. Biol Psychiatry 66:341-348.
66. Guttorm TK, Leppänen PH, Richardson U, Lyytinen H (2001) Event-related potentials and consonant differentiation in newborns with familial risk for dyslexia. J Learn Disabil 34:534-544.
67. Maassen B, Pasman J, Nijland L, Rotteveel J (2006) Clinical use of AEVP- and AERP-measures in childhood speech disorders. Clin Linguist Phon 20:125-134. (Pubitemid 43167880)
68. van Atteveldt N, Formisano E, Goebel R, Blomert L (2004) Integration of letters and speech sounds in the human brain. Neuron 43:271-282. (Pubitemid 38942966)
69. Cohen L, et al. (2002) Language-specific tuning of visual cortex? Functional properties of the Visual Word Form Area. Brain 125:1054-1069. (Pubitemid 34464617)
70. Riesenhuber M, Poggio T (1999) Hierarchical models of object recognition in cortex. Nat Neurosci 2:1019-1025. (Pubitemid 30599567)
71. Cantlon JF, Pinel P, Dehaene S, Pelphrey KA (2011) Cortical representations of symbols, objects, and faces are pruned back during early childhood. Cereb Cortex 21:191-199.
72. Maurer U, et al. (2007) Impaired tuning of a fast occipito-temporal response for print in dyslexic children learning to read. Brain 130:3200-3210. (Pubitemid 350209065)
73. Sandak R, Mencl WE, Frost SJ, Pugh KR (2004) The neurobiological basis of skilled and impaired reading: Recent findings and new directions. Sci Stud Read 8:273-292. (Pubitemid 39056870)
74. Baker SF, Ireland JL (2007) The link between dyslexic traits, executive functioning, impulsivity and social self-esteem among an offender and non-offender sample. Int J Law Psychiatry 30:492-503. (Pubitemid 350016319)
75. Cunningham AE, Stanovich KE (1991) Tracking the unique effects of print exposure in children: Association with vocabulary, general knowledge, and spelling. J Educ Psychol 83:264-274.
76. Oka E, Paris S (1986) Patterns of motivation and reading skills in underachieving children. Handbook of Cognitive, Social, and Neuropsychological Aspects of Learning Disabilities, ed Ceci S (Lawrence-Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ), Vol 2, pp 220-237.
77. Kaufman AS, Kaufman NL (1997) KBIT-2: Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test. 2nd ed. (NCS Pearson, Inc., Minneapolis, MN).
78. Katzir T, Lesaux NK, Kim Y-S (2009) The role of reading self-concept and home literacy practices in fourth grade reading comprehension. Read Writ 22:261-276.
79. Simos PG, et al. (2002) Dyslexia-specific brain activation profile becomes normal following successful remedial training. Neurology 58:1203-1213. (Pubitemid 34411864)
80. SPSS Inc. (1999) SPSS Base 10.0 for Windows User's Guide. (SPSS Inc., Chicago IL).
81. Raschle NM, et al. (2009) Making MR imaging child's play - Pediatric neuroimaging protocol, guidelines and procedure. J Vis Exp 29:p11, 1309.