Cortical representations of symbols, objects, and faces are pruned back during early childhood

Cerebral Cortex

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 191-199

  Cantlon, Jessica F ^a   Pinel, Philippe ^b,c,d   Dehaene, Stanislas ^b,c,d,e   Pelphrey, Kevin A ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

^b Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit ^*  (France)

^c DIF   (France)

^d UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

^e l'alimentation et l'Environnement   (France)

^f YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Development; FMRI; Fusiform gyrus; Pruning

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; CHILD; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FUSIFORM GYRUS; HUMAN; IMAGE PROCESSING; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VISUAL CORTEX; VISUAL MEMORY; VISUAL STIMULATION;

ADULT; AGING; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEURONAL PLASTICITY; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; TEMPORAL LOBE; VISUAL CORTEX;

EID: 78651323501     PISSN: 10473211     EISSN: 14602199     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq078     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Allison T, McCarthy G, Nobre A, Puce A, Belger A. 1994. Human extrastriate visual cortex and the perception of faces, words, numbers, and colors. Cereb Cortex. 4:544-554.
2. Allison T, Puce A, McCarthy G. 2002. Category-sensitive excitatory and inhibitory processes in human extrastriate cortex. J Neurophysiol. 88:2864-2868.
3. Aylward EH, Park JE, Field KM, Parsons AC, Richards TL, Cramer SC, Meltzoff AN. 2005. Brain activation during face perception: evidence of a developmental change. J Cogn Neurosci. 17:308-319.
4. Baker CI, Liu J, Wald LL, Kwong KK, Benner T, Kanwisher N. 2007. Visual word processing and experiential origins of functional selectivity in human extrastriate cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104:9087-9092.
5. Bolger DJ, Perfetti CA, Schneider W. 2005. Cross-cultural effect on the brain revisited: universal structures plus writing system variation. Hum Brain Mapp. 25:92-104.
6. Bourgeois JP, Rakic P. 1993. Changes of synaptic density in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey from fetal to adult stage. J Neurosci. 13:2801-2820.
7. Cantlon JF, Brannon EM, Carter EJ, Pelphrey KA. 2006. Functional imaging of numerical processing in adults and 4-y-old children. PLoS Biol. 4: e125.
8. Carey S, Diamond R. 1994. Are faces perceived as configurations more by adults than by children? Vis Cogn. 1:253-274.
9. Changeux JP. 1985. Neuronal man: the biology of mind. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.
10. Changeux JP, Danchin A. 1976. Selective stabilisation of developing synapses as a mechanism for the specification of neuronal networks. Nature. 264:705-712.
11. Changeux JP, Dehaene S. 1989. Neuronal models of cognitive functions. Cognition. 33:63-109.
12. Chugani HT, Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC. 1987. Positron emission tomography study of human brain functional development. Ann Neurol. 22:487-497.
13. Cohen L, Dehaene S. 2004. Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area. Neuroimage. 22:466-476.
14. Cohen L, Dehaene S, Chochon F, Lehéricy S, Naccache L. 2000. Language and calculation within the parietal lobe: a combined cognitive, anatomical and fMRI study. Neuropsychologia. 38(10):1426-1440.
15. Dehaene S. 2009. Reading in the brain: the science and evolution of a human invention. New York: Penguin Press.
16. Dehaene S, Cohen L. 2007. Cultural recycling of cortical maps. Neuron. 56:384-398.
17. Dehaene S, Le Clec HG, Poline JB, Le Bihan D, Cohen L. 2002. The visual word form area: a prelexical representation of visual words in the fusiform gyrus. Neuroreport. 13:321-325.
18. Dehaene-Lambertz G, Dehaene S. 1997. In defense of learning by selection: neurobiological and behavioral evidence revisited. Behav Brain Sci. 20:560-561.
19. Downing PE, Chan AW, Peelen MV, Dodds CM, Kanwisher N. 2006. Domain specificity in visual cortex. Cereb Cortex. 16:1453-1461.
20. Duvernoy HM, Delon S, Vannson JL. 1981. Cortical blood vessels of the human brain. Brain Res Bull. 7:519-579.
21. Epelbaum S, Pinel P, Gaillard R, Delmaire C, Perrin M, Dupont S, Dehaene S, Cohen L. 2008. Pure alexia as a disconnection syndrome: new diffusion imaging evidence for an old concept. Cortex. 44:962-974.
22. Friston KJ, Rotshtein P, Geng JJ, Sterzer P, Henson RN. 2006. A critique of functional localisers. Neuroimage. 30:1077-1087.
23. Giedd JN, Blumenthal J, Jeffries NO, Castellanos FX, Liu H, Zijdenbos A, Paus T, Evans AC, Rapoport JL. 1999. Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nat Neurosci. 2:861-863.
24. Golarai G, Ghahremani DG, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Reiss A, Eberhardt JL, Gabrieli JD, Grill-Spector K. 2007. Differential development of highlevel visual cortex correlates with category-specific recognition memory. Nat Neurosci. 10:512-522.
25. Grill-Spector K, Golarai G, Gabrieli J. 2008. Developmental neuroimaging of the human ventral visual cortex. Trends Cogn Sci. 12:152-162.
26. Hashimoto R, Sakai KL. 2004. Learning letters in adulthood: direct visualization of cortical plasticity for forming a new link between orthography and phonology. Neuron. 42:311-322.
27. Hasson U, Levy I, Behrmann M, Hendler T, Malach R. 2002. Eccentricity bias as an organizing principle for human high-order object areas. Neuron. 34:479-490.
28. Haxby JV, Gobbini MI, Furey ML, Ishai A, Schouten JL, Pietrini P. 2001. Distributed and overlapping representations of objects in ventral temporal cortex. Science. 293(5539):2425-2430.
29. Huttenlocher PR, Dabholkar AS. 1997. Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol. 387:167-178.
30. Huttenlocher PR, de Courten C, Garey LJ, Van der Loos H. 1982. Synaptogenesis in human visual cortex-evidence for synapse elimination during normal development. Neurosci Lett. 33:247-252.
31. Jobard G, Crivello F, Tzourio-Mazoyer N. 2003. Evaluation of the dual route theory of reading: a metanalysis of 35 neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage. 20:693-712.
32. Johnson MH, Dziurawiec S, Ellis H, Morton J. 1991. Newborns' preferential tracking of face-like stimuli and its subsequent decline. Cognition. 40:1-19.
33. Kanwisher N. 2000. Domain specificity in face perception. Nat Neurosci. 3:759-763.
34. Kanwisher N, McDermott J, Chun MM. 1997. The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. J Neurosci. 17:4302-4311.
35. Kuhl PK, Williams KA, Lacerda F, Stevens KN, Lindblom B. 1992. Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age. Science. 255:606-608.
36. Libertus ME, Brannon EM, Pelphrey KA. 2009. Developmental changes in category-specific brain responses to numbers and letters in a working memory task. Neuroimage. 44:1404-1414.
37. Logothetis NK, Wandell BA. 2004. Interpreting the BOLD signal. Annu Rev Physiol. 66:735-769.
38. Mahon BZ, Anzellotti S, Schwarzbach J, Zampini M, Caramazza A. 2009. Category-specific organization in the human brain does not require visual experience. Neuron. 63:397-405.
39. Martin A. 2007. The representation of object concepts in the brain. Annu Rev Psychol. 58:25-45.
40. Maurer U, Brem S, Bucher K, Brandeis D. 2005. Emerging neurophysiological specialization for letter strings. J Cogn Neurosci. 17:1532-1552.
41. Maurer U, Brem S, Kranz F, Bucher K, Benz R, Halder P, Steinhausen HC, Brandeis D. 2006. Coarse neural tuning for print peaks when children learn to read. Neuroimage. 33:749-758.
42. Nelson CA. 2001. The development and neural bases of face recognition. Infant Child Dev. 10:3-18.
43. Pelphrey K, Mack PB, Song A, Guzeldere G, McCarthy G. 2003. Faces evoke spatially differentiated patterns of BOLD activation and deactivation. Neuroreport. 14(7):955-959.
44. Pernet C, Celsis P, Demonet JF. 2005. Selective response to letter categorization within the left fusiform gyrus. Neuroimage. 28:738-744.
45. Polk TA, Farah MJ. 1998. The neural development and organization of letter recognition: evidence from functional neuroimaging, computational modeling, and behavioral studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95:847-852.
46. Polk TA, Park J, Smith MR, Park DC. 2007. Nature versus nurture in ventral visual cortex: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of twins. J Neurosci. 27:13921-13925.
47. Polk TA, Stallcup M, Aguirre GK, Alsop DC, D'Esposito M, Detre JA, Farah MJ. 2002. Neural specialization for letter recognition. J Cogn Neurosci. 14:145-159.
48. Puce A, Allison T, Asgari M, Gore JC, McCarthy G. 1996. Differential sensitivity of human visual cortex to faces, letterstrings, and textures: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurosci. 16:5205-5215.
49. Purves D, White LE, Riddle DR. 1996. Is neural development Darwinian? Trends Neurosci. 19:460-464.
50. Quartz SR. 1999. The constructivist brain. Trends Cogn Sci. 3:48-57.
51. Quartz SR, Sejnowski TJ. 1997. The neural basis of cognitive development: a constructivist manifesto. Behav Brain Sci. 20:537-556 discussion: 556-596.
52. Scarborough H. 1998. Early identification of children at risk for reading disabilities: phonological awareness and some other promising predictors. In: Shapiro BK, Accardo PJ, Capute AJ, editors. Specific reading disability: a view of the spectrum. Timonium (MD): York Press. p. 75-119.
53. Scherf KS, Behrmann M, Humphreys K, Luna B. 2007. Visual categoryselectivity for faces, places and objects emerges along different developmental trajectories. Dev Sci. 10: F15-F30.
54. Schlaggar BL, McCandliss BD. 2007. Development of neural systems for reading. Annu Rev Neurosci. 30:475-503.
55. Shaw P, Kabani NJ, Lerch JP, Eckstrand K, Lenroot R, Gogtay N, Greenstein D, Clasen L, Evans A, Rapoport JL, et al. 2008. Neurodevelopmental trajectories of the human cerebral cortex. J Neurosci. 28:3586-3594.
56. Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Blachman BA, Pugh KR, Fulbright RK, Skudlarski P, Mencl WE, Constable RT, Holahan JM, Marchione KE, et al. 2004. Development of left occipitotemporal systems for skilled reading in children after a phonologically-based intervention. Biol Psychiatry. 55:926-933.
57. Sirois S, Spratling M, Thomas MS, Westermann G, Mareschal D, Johnson MH. 2008. Precis of neuroconstructivism: how the brain constructs cognition. Behav Brain Sci. 31:321-331 discussion: 331-356.
58. Szwed M, Cohen L, Qiao E, Dehaene S. 2009. The role of invariant line junctions in object and visual word recognition. Vision Res. 49:718-725
59. Tzourio-Mazoyer N, De Schonen S, Crivello F, Reutter B, Aujard Y, Mazoyer B. 2002. Neural correlates of woman face processing by 2-month-old infants. Neuroimage. 15:454-461.
60. Werker JF, Lalonde CE. 1988. Cross-language speech perception: initial capabilities and developmental change. Dev Psychol. 24:672-683.