Imaging tumor vascularization for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer

Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 607-623

  Heijblom, M ^a,b   Klaase, J M ^b   van den Engh, F M ^b   van Leeuwen, T G ^a,c   Steenbergen, W ^a   Manohar, S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE   (Netherlands)

^b MEDISCH SPECTRUM TWENTE   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Breast cancer; Imaging; Mammography; MRI; Optical imaging; Photoacoustic imaging; Ultrasonography; Vasculature

Indexed keywords

CONTRAST MEDIUM; HEMOGLOBIN;

BLOOD VOLUME; BREAST CANCER; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER SCREENING; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY; HUMAN; IONIZING RADIATION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION;

EID: 82755173855     PISSN: 15330346     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500227     Document Type: Review

References (126)

1. UK, C. R. CancerStats report - Breast Cancer UK. (2009).1.
2. Tirona, M. T., Sehgal, R., Ballester, O. Prevention of breast cancer (part I): epidemiology, risk factors, and risk assessment tools. Cancer Invest 28, 743-750 (2010).
3. Heywang-Kobrunner, S. H., Schreer, I., Heindel, W., Katalinic, A. Imaging Studies for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer. Deutsches Arzteblatt International 105, 541-547 (2008).
4. Bonneux, L. Advantages and disadvantages of breast cancer screening: time for evidence-based information. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 153, A887 (2009).
5. Nothacker, M., Duda, V., Hahn, M., Warm, M., Degenhardt, F., Madjar, H., Weinbrenner, S., Albert, U. S. Early detection of breast cancer: benefits and risks of supplemental breast ultrasound in asymptomatic women with mammographically dense breast tissue. A systematic review. Bmc Cancer 9, (2009).
6. Vainio, H., Bianchini, F. in IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention 7, (IARC Press, Lyon, 2002).
7. Pediconi, F., Catalano, C., Roselli, A., Dominelli, V., Cagioli, S., Karatasiou, A., Pronio, A., Kirchin, M. A., Passariello, R. The challenge of imaging dense breast parenchyma: is magnetic resonance mammography the technique of choice? A comparative study with x-ray mammography and whole-breast ultrasound. Invest Radiol 44, 412-421 (2009).
8. Ribatti, D., Nico, B., Crivellato, E., Roccaro, A. M., Vacca, A. The history of the angiogenic switch concept. Leukemia 21, 44-52 (2007).
9. Bluff, J. E., Menakuru, S. R., Cross, S. S., Higham, S. E., Balasubra manian, S. P., Brown, N. J., Reed, M. W., Staton, C. A. Angiogenesis is associated with the onset of hyperplasia in human ductal breast disease. British Journal of Cancer 101, 666-672 (2009).
10. Daldrup-Link, H. E., Simon, G. H., Brasch, R. C. Imaging of tumor angiogenesis: Current approaches and future prospects. Current Pharmaceutical Design 12, 2661-2672 (2006).
11. Hagen, A. I., Kvistad, K. A., Maehle, L., Holmen, M. M., Aase, H., Styr, B., Vabo, A., Apold, J., Skaane, P., Moller, P. Sensitivity of MRI versus conventional screening in the diagnosis of BRCA-associated breast cancer in a national prospective series. Breast 16, 367-374 (2007).
12. Uematsu, T., Yuen, S., Kasami, M., Uchida, Y. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging, multidetector row computed tomography, ultrasonography, and mammography for tumor extension of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 112, 461-474 (2008).
13. Vassiou, K., Kanavou, T., Vlychou, M., Poultsidi, A., Athanasiou, E., Arvanitis, D. L., Fezoulidis, I. V. Characterization of breast lesions with CE-MR multimodal morphological and kinetic analysis: Comparison with conventional mammography and high-resolution ultrasound. Eur J Radiol 70, 69-76 (2009).
14. Cuenod, C. A., Fournier, L., Balvay, D., Guinebretiere, J. M. Tumor angiogenesis: pathophysiology and implications for contrast-enhanced MRI and CT assessment. Abdominal Imaging 31, 188-193 (2006).
15. Oostendorp, M., Post, M. J., Backes, W. H. Vessel Growth and Function: Depiction with Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging. Radiology 251, 317-335 (2009).
16. Carmeliet, P., Jain, R. K. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 407, 249-257 (2000).
17. Bergers, G., Benjamin, L. E. Tumorigenesis and the angiogenic switch. Nature Reviews Cancer 3, 401-410 (2003).
18. Naumov, G. N., Folkman, J., Straume, O., Akslen, L. A. Tumor-vascular interactions and tumor dormancy. Apmis 116, 569-585 (2008).
19. Furuya, M., Yonemitsu, Y., Aoki, I. III. Angiogenesis: Complexity of Tumor Vasculature and Microenvironment. Current Pharmaceutical Design 15, 1854-1867 (2009).
20. Peirce, S. M. Computational and mathematical modeling of angiogenesis. Microcirculation 15, 739-751 (2008).
21. Josephs, D., Spicer, J., O'Doherty, M. Molecular imaging in clinicaltrials. Target Oncol 4, 151-168 (2009).
22. Barrett, T., Brechbiel, M., Bernardo, M., Choyke, P. L. MRI of tumorangiogenesis. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 26, 235-249 (2007).
23. Marcus, C. D., Ladam-Marcus, V., Cucu, C., Bouche, O., Lucas, L., Hoeffel, C. Imaging techniques to evaluate the response to treatment in oncology: Current standards and perspectives. Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology 72, 217-238 (2009).
24. Rakow-Penner, R., Daniel, B., Glover, G. H. Detecting blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast in the breast. J Magn Reson Imaging 32, 120-129 (2010).
25. Jin, N., Deng, J., Chadashvili, T., Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., Zhang, Z. L., Yang, G. Y., Omary, R. A., Larson, A. C. Carbogen Gas-Challenge BOLD MR Imaging in a Rat Model of Diethylnitrosamine-induced Liver Fibrosis. Radiology 254, 129-137 (2010).
26. Howe, F. A., Robinson, S. P., McIntyre, D. J. O., Stubbs, M., Griffiths, J. R. Issues in flow and oxygenation dependent contrast (FLOOD) imaging of tumours. NMR in Biomedicine 14, 497-506 (2001).
27. Kuhl, C. The current status of breast MR imaging - Part I. Choice of technique, image interpretation, diagnostic accuracy, and transfer to clinical practice. Radiology 244, 356-378 (2007).
28. El Khouli, R. H., Jacobs, M. A., Bluemke, D. A. Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast. Seminars in Roentgenology 43, 265-281 (2008).
29. Fass, L. Imaging and cancer: A review Molecular Oncology 2, 115-152 (2008).
30. Hirose, M., Hashizume, T., Seino, N., Kubota, H., Nobusawa, H., Gokan, T. Atlas of breast magnetic resonance imaging. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 36, 51-65 (2007).
31. Warren, R., Ciatto, S., Macaskill, P., Black, R., Houssami, N. Technical aspects of breast MRI-do they affect outcomes? European Radiology 19, 1629-1638 (2009).
32. Kuhl, C. K., Schrading, S., Bieling, H. B., Wardelmann, E., Leutner, C. C., Koenig, R., Kuhn, W., Schild, H. H. MRI for diagnosis of pure ductal carcinoma in situ: a prospective observational study. Lancet 370, 485-492 (2007).
33. Choe, R., Konecky, S. D., Corlu, A., Lee, K., Durduran, T., Busch, D. R., Pathak, S., Czerniecki, B. J., Tchou, J., Fraker, D. L., DeMichele, A., Chance, B., Arridge, S. R., Schweiger, M., Culver, J. P., Schnall, M. D., Putt, M. E., Rosen, M. A., Yodh, A. G. Differentiation of benign and malignant breast tumors by in-vivo three-dimensional parallel-plate diffuse optical tomography.J Biomed Opt 14, 024020 (2009).
34. Hunt, C. H., Hartman, R. P., Hesley, G. K. Frequency and severity of adverse effects of iodinated and gadolinium contrast materials: retrospective review of 456,930 doses. AJR Am J Roentgenol 193, 1124-1127 (2009).
35. Goto, M., Ito, H., Akazawa, K., Kubota, T., Kizu, O., Yamada, K., Nishimura, T. Diagnosis of breast tumors by contrast-enhanced MR imaging: Comparison between the diagnostic performance of dynamic enhancement patterns and morphologic features. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 25, 104-112 (2007).
36. Pinker, K., Grabner, G., Bogner, W., Gruber, S., Szomolanyi, P., Trattnig, S., Heinz-Peer, G., Weber, M., Fitzal, F., Pluschnig, U., Rudas, M., Helbich, T. A Combined High Temporal and High Spatial Resolution 3 Tesla MR Imaging Protocol for the Assessment of Breast Lesions Initial Results. Investigative Radiology 44, 553-558 (2009).
37. Onesti, J. K., Mangus, B. E., Helmer, S. D., Osland, J. S. Breast cancer tumor size: correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and pathology measurements. American Journal of Surgery 196, 844-848 (2008).
38. Silverstein, M. J., Recht, A., Lagios, M. D., Bleiweiss, I. J., Blumencranz, P. W., Gizienski, T., Harms, S. E., Harness, J., Jackman, R. J., Klimberg, V. S., Kuske, R., Levine, G. M., Linver, M. N., Rafferty, E. A., Rugo, H., Schilling, K., Tripathy, D., Whitworth, P. W., Willey, S. C. Image-Detected Breast Cancer: State-of-the-Art Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 209, 504-520 (2009).
39. Kuhl, C. K. MRI of breast tumors. Eur Radiol 10, 46-58 (2000).
40. Weind, K. L., Maier, C. F., Rutt, B. K., Moussa, M. Invasive carcinomas and fibroadenomas of the breast: comparison of microvessel distributions-implications for imaging modalities. Radiology 208, 477-483 (1998).
41. Padhani, A. R. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in clinical oncoogy: current status and future directions. J Magn Reson Imaging 16, 407-422 (2002).
42. Lewin, J. M., Niklason, L. Advanced applications of digital mammography: tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Semin Roentgenol 42, 243-252 (2007).
43. Lewin, J. M., Isaacs, P. K., Vance, V., Larke, F. J. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital subtraction mammography: feasibility. Radiology 229, 261-268 (2003).
44. Jong, R. A., Yaffe, M. J., Skarpathiotakis, M., Shumak, R. S., Danjoux, N. M., Gunesekara, A., Plewes, D. B. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical experience. Radiology 228, 842-850 (2003).
45. Ackerman, L. V., Watt, A. C., Shetty, P., Flynn, M. J., Burke, M., Kambouris, A., Fine, G., Wilderman, S. Breast lesions examined by digital angiography. Work in progress. Radiology 155, 65-68 (1985).
46. Watt, A. C., Ackerman, L. V., Windham, J. P., Shetty, P. C., Burke, M. W., Flynn, M. J., Grodinsky, C., Fine, G., Wilderman, S. J. Breast lesions: differential diagnosis using digital subtraction angiography. Radiology 159, 39-42 (1986).
47. Chen, S. C., Carton, A. K., Albert, M., Conant, E. F., Schnall, M. D., Maidment, A. D. Initial clinical experience with contrast-enhanced digital breast tomosynthesis. Acad Radiol 14, 229-238 (2007).
48. Skarpathiotakis, M., Yaffe, M. J., Bloomquist, A. K., Rico, D., Muller, S., Rick, A., Jeunehomme, F. Development of contrast digital mammography. Med Phys 29, 2419-2426 (2002).
49. Diekmann, F., Bick, U. Tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced digital mammography: recent advances in digital mammography. Eur Radiol 17, 3086-3092 (2007).
50. Dromain, C., Balleyguier, C., Adler, G., Garbay, J. R., Delaloge, S. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Eur J Radiol 69, 34-42 (2009).
51. Diekmann, F., Meyer, H., Diekmann, S., Puong, S., Muller, S., Bick, U., Rogalla, P. Thick slices from tomosynthesis data sets: phantom study for the evaluation of different algorithms. J Digit Imaging 22, 519-526 (2009).
52. Chen, L. D., Xu, H. X., Xie, X. Y., Lu, M. D., Xu, Z. F., Liu, G. J., Liang, J. Y., Lin, M. X. Enhancement patterns of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: comparison between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT. Brit J Radiol 81, 881-889 (2008).
53. Forsberg, F., Kuruvilla, B., Pascua, M. B., Chaudhari, M. H., Merton, D. A., Palazzo, J. P., Goldberg, B. B. Comparing contrast-enhanced color flow imaging and pathological measures of breast lesion vascularity. Ultrasound Med Biol 34, 1365-1372 (2008).
54. Zhao, H., Xu, R., Ouyang, Q., Chen, L., Dong, B., Huihua, Y. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is helpful in the differentiation of malignant and benign breast lesions. Eur J Radiol 73, 288-293 (2010).
55. Kettenbach, J., Helbich, T. H., Huber, S., Zuna, I., Dock, W. Computer-assisted quantitative assessment of power Doppler US: effects of microbubble contrast agent in the differentiation of breast tumors. Eur J Radiol 53, 238-244 (2005).
56. Schroeder, R. J., Bostanjoglo, M., Rademaker, J., Maeurer, J., Felix, R. Role of power Doppler techniques and ultrasound contrast enhancement in the differential diagnosis of focal breast lesions. Eur Radiol 13, 68-79 (2003).
57. Rubin, J. M., Bude, R. O., Carson, P. L., Bree, R. L., Adler, R. S. Power Doppler US: a potentially useful alternative to mean frequency-based color Doppler US. Radiology 190, 853-856 (1994).
58. Liu, H., Jiang, Y. X., Liu, J. B., Zhu, Q. L., Sun, Q. Evaluation of breast lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasound using the microvascular imaging technique: Initial observations. Breast 17, 532-539 (2008).
59. Ferrara, K. W., Merritt, C. R., Burns, P. N., Foster, F. S., Mattrey, R. F., Wickline, S. A. Evaluation of tumor angiogenesis with US: imaging, Doppler, and contrast agents. Acad Radiol 7, 824-839 (2000).
60. Balleyguier, C., Opolon, P., Mathieu, M. C., Athanasiou, A., Garbay, J. R., Delaloge, S., Dromain, C. New potential and applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the breast: Own investigations and review of the literature. Eur J Radiol 69, 14-23 (2009).
61. Wright, I. A., Pugh, N. D., Lyons, K., Webster, D. J., Mansel, R. E. Power Doppler in breast tumours: a comparison with conventional colour Doppler imaging. Eur J Ultrasound 7, 175-181 (1998).
62. Sehgal, C. M., Weinstein, S. P., Arger, P. H., Conant, E. F. A review of breast ultrasound. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 11, 113-123 (2006).
63. Weskott, H. P. Emerging roles for contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Clin Hemorheol Micro 40, 51-71 (2008).
64. Cassano, E., Rizzo, S., Bozzini, A., Menna, S., Bellomi, M. Contrast enhanced ultrasound of breast cacner. Cancer Imaging 6, 4-6 (2005).
65. Leff, D. R., Warren, O. J., Enfield, L. C., Gibson, A., Athanasiou, T., Patten, D. K., Hebden, J., Yang, G. Z., Darzi, A. Diffuse optical imaging of the healthy and diseased breast: A systematic review. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 108, 9-22 (2008).
66. Rinneberg, H., Grosenick, D., Moesta, K. T., Wabnitz, H., Mucke, J., Wubbeler, G., Macdonald, R., Schlag, P. Detection and characterization of breast tumours by time-domain scanning optical mammography. Opto-Electron Rev 16, 147-162 (2008).
67. Yu, Y., Liu, N., Sassaroli, A., Fantini, S. Near-infrared spectral imaging of the female breast for quantitative oximetry in optical mammography. Appl Opt 48, D225-D235 (2009).
68. Fournier, L. S., Vanel, D., Athanasiou, A., Gatzemeier, W., Masuykov, I. V., Padhani, A. R., Dromain, C., Galetti, K., Sigal, R., Costa, A., Balleyguier, C. Dynamic optical breast imaging: A novel technique to detect and characterize tumor vessels. Eur J Radiol 69, 43-49 (2009).
69. van de Ven, S., Elias, S. G., Wiethoff, A. J., van der Voort, M., Nielsen, T., Brendel, B., Bontus, C., Uhlemann, F., Nachabe, R., Harbers, R., van Beek, M., Bakker, L., van der Mark, M. B., Luijten, P., Mali, W. Diffuse optical tomography of the breast: preliminary findings of a new prototype and comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. European Radiology 19, 1108-1113 (2009).
70. Gibson, A. P., Hebden, J. C., Arridge, S. R. Recent advances in diffuse optical imaging. Phys Med Biol 50, R1-43 (2005).
71. Colak, S. B., van der Mark, M. B., Hooft, G. W., Hoogenraad, J. H., van der Linden, E. S., Kuijpers, F. A. Clinical optical tomography and NIR spectroscopy for breast cancer detection. IEEE J Sel Top Quant 5, 1143-1158 (1999).
72. Taroni, P., Pifferi, A., Salvagnini, E., Spinelli, L., Torricelli, A., Cubeddu, R. Seven-wavelength time-resolved optical mammography extending beyond 1000 nm for breast collagen quantification. Opt Express 17, 15932-15946 (2009).
73. Wang, J., Pogue, B. W., Jiang, S., Paulsen, K. D. Near-infrared tomography of breast cancer hemoglobin, water, lipid, and scattering using combined frequency domain and cw measurement. Opt Lett 35, 82-84 (2010).
74. Gibson, A., Dehghani, H. Diffuse optical imaging. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society a-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, 3055-3072 (2009).
75. Enfield, L. C., Gibson, A. P., Everdell, N. L., Delpy, D. T., Schweiger, M., Arridge, S. R., Richardson, C., Keshtgar, M., Douek, M., Hebden, J. C. Three-dimensional time-resolved optical mammography of the uncompressed breast. Appl Optics 46, 3628-3638 (2007).
76. Tromberg, B. J., Pogue, B. W., Paulsen, K. D., Yodh, A. G., Boas, D. A., Cerussi, A. E. Assessing the future of diffuse optical imaging technologies for breast cancer management. Medical Physics 35, 2443-2451 (2008).
77. Poellinger, A., Martin, J. C., Ponder, S. L., Freund, T., Hamm, B., Bick, U., Diekmann, F. Near-infrared Laser Computed Tomography of the Breast: First Clinical Experience. Academic Radiology 15, 1545-1553 (2008).
78. Pogue, B. W., Jiang, S. D., Dehghani, H., Kogel, C., Soho, S., Srinivasan, S., Song, X. M., Tosteson, T. D., Poplack, S. P., Paulsen, K. D. Characterization of hemoglobin, water, and NIR scattering in breast tissue: Analysis of intersubject variability and menstrual cycle changes. J Biomed Opt 9, 541-552 (2004).
79. Wang, B., Povoski, S. P., Cao, X. H., Sun, D. X., Xu, R. X. Dynamic schema for near infrared detection of pressure-induced changes in solid tumors. Appl Optics 47, 3053-3063 (2008).
80. Xu, R. X., Young, D. C., Mao, J. J., Povoski, S. P. A prospective pilotclinical trial evaluating the utility of a dynamic near-infrared imaging device for characterizing suspicious breast lesions. Breast Cancer Research 9 (2007).
81. Carp, S. A., Selb, J., Fang, Q., Moore, R., Kopans, D. B., Rafferty, E., Boas, D. A. Dynamic functional and mechanical response of breast tissue to compression. Optics Express 16, 16064-16078 (2008).
82. Intes, X., Ripoll, J., Chen, Y., Nioka, S., Yodh, A. G., Chance, B. In vivo continuous-wave optical breast imaging enhanced with Indocyanine Green. Med Phys 30, 1039-1047 (2003).
83. van de Ven, S., Wiethoff, A., Nielsen, T., Brendel, B., van der Voort, M., Nachabe, R., Van der Mark, M., Van Beek, M., Bakker, L., Fels, L., Elias, S., Luijten, P., Mali, W. A novel fluorescent imaging agent for diffuse optical tomography of the breast: first clinical experience in patients. Mol Imaging Biol 12, 343-348 (2010).
84. Xu, M. H., Wang, L. H. V. Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine. Review of Scientific Instruments 77 (2006).
85. Wang, L. V. Multiscale photoacoustic microscopy and computed tomography. Nature Photonics 3, 503-509 (2009).
86. Lao, Y. Q., Xing, D., Yang, S. H., Xiang, L. Z. Noninvasive photoacoustic imaging of the developing vasculature during early tumor growth. Physics in Medicine and Biology 53, 4203-4212 (2008).
87. Li, V., Wang, L. H. V. Photoacoustic tomography and sensing in biomedicine. Physics in Medicine and Biology 54, R59-R97 (2009).
88. Manohar, S., Kharine, A., van Hespen, J. C. G., Steenbergen, W., van Leeuwen, T. G. Photoacoustic mammography laboratory prototype: imaging of breast tissue phantoms. Journal of Biomedical Optics 9, 1172-1181 (2004).
89. Oraevsky, A. A., Wang, L. H. V. Photoacoustic Imaging and Spectroscopy (Chapter 33). 1 edn, 411-429 (CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2009).
90. Jose, J., Manohar, S., Kolkman, R. G. M., Steenbergen, W., van Leeuwen, T. G. Imaging of tumor vasculature using Twente photoacoustic systems. J Biophotonics 2, 701-717 (2009).
91. Kolkman, R. G. M., Brands, P. J., Steenbergen, W., van Leeuwen, T. G. Real-time in vivo photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging. J Biomed Opt 13, 050510 (2008).
92. Erpelding, T. N., Kim, C., Pramanik, M., Jankovic, L., Maslov, K., Guo, Z., Margenthaler, J. A., Pashley, M. D., Wang, L. V. Sentinel lymph nodes in the rat: noninvasive photoacoustic and US imaging with a clinical US system. Radiology 256, 102-110 (2010).
93. Laufer, J. G., Elwell, C. E., Delpy, D. T., Beard, C. C. Spatially resolved blood oxygenation measurements using time-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy. Adv Exp Med Biol 578, 155-160 (2006).
94. Zhang, H. F., Maslov, K., Sivaramakrishnan, M., Stoica, G., Wang, L. H. V. Imaging of hemoglobin oxygen saturation variations in single vessels in vivo using photoacoustic microscopy. Appl Phys Lett 90, (2007).
95. Yao, J., Maslov, K., Hu, S., Wang, L. V. Evans blue dye-enhanced capillary-resolution photoacoustic microscopy in vivo. J Biomed Opt 14, 054049 (2009).
96. Eghtedari, M., Oraevsky, A., Copland, J. A., Kotov, N. A., Conjusteau, A., Motamedi, M. High sensitivity of in vivo detection of gold nanorods using a laser optoacoustic imaging system. Nano Lett 7, 1914-1918 (2007).
97. Taruttis, A., Herzog, E., Razansky, D., Ntziachristos, V. Real-timeimaging of cardiovascular dynamics and circulating gold nanorods with multispectral optoacoustic tomography. Optics Express 18, 19592-19602 (2010).
98. Pan, D., Pramanik, M., Senpan, A., Allen, J. S., Zhang, H., Wickline, S. A., Wang, L. V., Lanza, G. M. Molecular photoacoustic imaging of angiogenesis with integrin-targeted gold nanobeacons. FASEB J 25, 875-882 (2011).
99. De La Zerda, A., Zavaleta, C., Keren, S., Vaithilingam, S., Bodapati, S., Liu, Z., Levi, J., Smith, B. R., Ma, T. J., Oralkan, O., Cheng, Z., Chen, X. Y., Dai, H. J., Khuri-Yakub, B. T., Gambhir, S. S. Carbon nanotubes as photoacoustic molecular imaging agents in living mice. Nat Nanotechnol 3, 557-562 (2008).
100. Telenkov, S. A., Mandelis, A. Photothermoacoustic imaging of biological tissues: maximum depth characterization comparison of time and frequency-domain measurements. J Biomed Opt 14, 044025 (2009).
101. Wang, L. V. Tutorial on photoacoustic microscopy and computed tomography. Ieee Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 14, 171-179 (2008).
102. Ermilov, S. A., Khamapirad, T., Conjusteau, A., Leonard, M. H., Lacewell, R., Mehta, K., Miller, T., Oraevsky, A. A. Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer. Journal of Biomedical Optics 14, 024007 (2009).
103. Khokhlova, T. D., Pelivanov, I. M., Kozhushko, V. V., Zharinov, A. N., Solomatin, V. S., Karabutov, A. A. Optoacoustic imaging of absorbing objects in a turbid medium: ultimate sensitivity and application to breast cancer diagnostics. Applied Optics 46, 262-272 (2007).
104. Manohar, S., Kharine, A., van Hespen, J. C. G., Steenbergen, W., van Leeuwen, T. G. The Twente Photoacoustic Mammoscope: system overview and performance. Physics in Medicine and Biology 50, 2543-2557 (2005).
105. Pramanik, M., Ku, G., Li, C. H., Wang, L. V. Design and evaluation of a novel breast cancer detection system combining both thermoacoustic (TA) and photoacoustic (PA) tomography. Medical Physics 35, 2218-2223 (2008).
106. Jose, J., Manohar, S., Kolkman, R. G., Steenbergen, W., van Leeuwen, T. G. Imaging of tumor vasculature using Twente photoacoustic systems. J Biophotonics 2, 701-717 (2009).
107. Manohar, S., Vaartjes, S. E., van Hespen, J. C. G., Klaase, J. M., van den Engh, F. M., Steenbergen, W., van Leeuwen, T. G. Initial results of in vivo non-invasive cancer imaging in the human breast using near-infrared photoacoustics. Optics Express 15, 12277-12285 (2007).
108. Manohar, S., Wang, L. H. V. Photoacoustic Imaging and Spectroscopy (Chapter 34). 1 edn, 431-441 (CRC Press Taylor&Francis Group, 2009).
109. Piras, D., Xia, W. F., Steenbergen, W., van Leeuwen, T. G., Manohar, S. Photoacoustic Imaging of the Breast Using the Twente Photoacoustic Mammoscope: Present Status and Future Perspectives. IEEE J Sel Top Quant 16, 730-739 (2010).
110. Sorelli, P. G., Cosgrove, D. O., Svensson, W. E., Zaman, N., Satchithananda, K., Barrett, N. K., Lim, A. K. P. Can Contrast-Enhanced Sonography Distinguish Benign From Malignant Breast Masses? Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 38, 177-181 (2010).
111. Banks, E., Reeves, G., Beral, V., Bull, D., Crossley, B., Simmonds, M., Hilton, E., Bailey, S., Barrett, N., Briers, P., English, R., Jackson, A., Kutt, E., Lavelle, J., Rockall, L., Wallis, M. G., Wilson, M., Patnick, J. Influence of personal characteristics of individual women on sensitivity and specificity of mammography in the Million Women Study: cohort study. BMJ 329, 477 (2004).
112. Jensen, A., Geller, B. M., Gard, C. C., Miglioretti, D. L., Yankaskas, B., Carney, P. A., Rosenberg, R. D., Vejborg, I., Lynge, E. Performance of diagnostic mammography differs in the United States and Denmark. Int J Cancer 127, 1905-1912 (2010).
113. Houssami, N., Irwig, L., Simpson, J. M., McKessar, M., Blome, S., Noakes, J. The influence of knowledge of mammography findings on the accuracy of breast ultrasound in symptomatic women. Breast J 11, 167-172 (2005).
114. Benndorf, M., Baltzer, P. A., Vag, T., Gajda, M., Runnebaum, I. B., Kaiser, W. A. Breast MRI as an adjunct to mammography: Does it really suffer from low specificity? A retrospective analysis stratified by mammographic BI-RADS classes. Acta Radiol 51, 715-721 (2010).
115. Balas, C. Review of biomedical optical imaging-a powerful, non-invasive, non-ionizing technology for improving in vivo diagnosis. Meas Sci Technol 20 (2009).
116. Fracheboud, J., de Gelder, R., Otto, S. J., van Ineveld, B. M., Otten, J. D. M., Broeders, M. J. M., Verbeek, A. L. M., den Heeten, G., Holland, R., de Bruijn, A. E., De Koning, H. J. National evaluation of breast cancer screening in the Netherlands 1990-2007 (XII) Twelfth evaluation report. (Landelijk Evaluatie Team voor bevolkingsonderzoek naar Borstkanker (LETB), (2009).
117. Houssami, N., Lord, S. J., Ciatto, S. Breast cancer screening: emerging role of new imaging techniques as adjuncts to mammography. Med J Aust 190, 493-497 (2009).
118. Sardanelli, F., Boetes, C., Borisch, B., Decker, T., Federico, M., Gilbert, F. J., Helbich, T., Heywang-Kobrunner, S. H., Kaiser, W. A., Kerin, M. J., Mansel, R. E., Marotti, L., Martincich, L., Mauriac, L., Meijers-Heijboer, H., Orecchia, R., Panizza, P., Ponti, A., Purushotham, A. D., Regitnig, P., Del Turco, M. R., Thibault, F., Wilson, R. Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast: Recommendations from the EUSOMA working group. European Journal of Cancer 46, 1296-1316 (2010).
119. Manohar, S., Willemink, R. G. H., van der Heijden, F., Slump, C. H., van Leeuwen, T. G. Concomitant speed-of-sound tomography in photoacoustic imaging. Appl Phys Lett 91, (2007).
120. Bluemke, D. A., Gatsonis, C. A., Chen, M. H., DeAngelis, G. A., DeBruhl, N., Harms, S., Heywang-Kobrunner, S. H., Hylton, N., Kuhl, C. K., Lehman, C., Pisano, E. D., Causer, P., Schnitt, S. J., Smazal, S. F., Stelling, C. B., Weatherall, P. T., Schnall, M. D. Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast prior to biopsy. JAMA 292, 2735-2742 (2004).
121. Diekmann, F., Freyer, M., Diekmann, S., Fallenberg, E. M., Fischer, T., Bick, U., Pollinger, A. Evaluation of contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Eur J Radiol 78, 112-121 (2009).
122. Caproni, N., Marchisio, F., Pecchi, A., Canossi, B., Battista, R., D'Alimonte, P., Torricelli, P. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the characterisation of breast masses: utility of quantitative analysis in comparison with MRI. Eur Radiol 20, 1384-1395 (2010).
123. Sardanelli, F., Podo, F. Breast MR imaging in women at high-risk of breast cancer. Is something changing in early breast cancer detection? European Radiology 17, 873-887 (2007).
124. Kuhl, C. K., Schrading, S., Leutner, C. C., Morakkabati-Spitz, N., Wardelmann, E., Fimmers, R., Kuhn, W., Schild, H. H. Mammography, breast ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging for surveillance of women at high familial risk for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 23, 8469-8476 (2005).
125. Kriege, M., Brekelmans, C. T. M., Boetes, C., Besnard, P. E., Zonderland, H. M., Obdeijn, I. M., Manoliu, R. A., Kok, T., Peterse, H., Tilanus-Linthorst, M. M. A., Muller, S. H., Meijer, S., Oosterwijk, J. C., Beex, L. V. A. M., Tollenaar, R. A. E. M., de Koning, H. J., Rutgers, E. J. T., Klijn, J. G. M., Screeni, M. R. I. Efficacy of MRI and mammography for breast-cancer screening in women with a familial or genetic predisposition. New Engl J Med 351, 427-437 (2004).
126. Kruger, R. A., Lam, R. B., Reinecke, D. R., Del Rio, S. P., Doyle, R. P. Photoacoustic angiography of the breast. Med Phys 37, 6096-6100 (2010).