Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast: Recommendations from the EUSOMA working group

European Journal of Cancer

Volumn 46, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1296-1316

  Sardanelli, Francesco ^a   Boetes, Carla ^b   Borisch, Bettina ^c   Decker, Thomas ^d   Federico, Massimo ^e   Gilbert, Fiona J ^f   Helbich, Thomas ^g   Heywang Köbrunner, Sylvia H ^h   Kaiser, Werner A ⁱ   Kerin, Michael J ^j   Mansel, Robert E ^k   Marotti, Lorenza ^l   Martincich, Laura ^m   Mauriac, Louis ⁿ   Meijers Heijboer, Hanne ^o   Orecchia, Roberto ^a   Panizza, Pietro ^p   Ponti, Antonio ^q   Purushotham, Arnie D ^r   Regitnig, Peter ^s   Del Turco, Marco Rosselli ^l   Thibault, Fabienne ^t   Wilson, Robin ^u   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Switzerland)

^d Department of Pathology   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MODENA AND REGGIO EMILIA   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^g MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^h Reference Center for Mammography Munich   (Germany)

ⁱ FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^j UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL GALWAY   (Ireland)

^k CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^l EUSOMA   (Italy)

^m CANDIOLO CANCER INSTITUTE   (Italy)

ⁿ INSTITUT BERGONIÉ   (France)

^o VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^p SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^q CPO Piemonte   (Italy)

^r GUY'S AND ST THOMAS' NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^s MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

^t INSTITUT CURIE   (France)

^u ROYAL MARSDEN HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

more..

Author keywords

Breast diseases; Magnetic resonance imaging

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; TAMOXIFEN; TAXANE DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; BREAST AUGMENTATION; BREAST CANCER; BREAST DISCHARGE; BREAST DISEASE; BREAST RECONSTRUCTION; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER SCREENING; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RESPONSE; ECHOMAMMOGRAPHY; GYNECOMASTIA; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; INFLAMMATORY BREAST CANCER; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA; MALE BREAST; MAMMOGRAPHY; MASTITIS; MEDICAL SOCIETY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OCCULT CANCER; OVARIECTOMY; PAGET NIPPLE DISEASE; PARTIAL MASTECTOMY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREDICTION; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEGMENTAL MASTECTOMY; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT PLANNING; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DEVICES; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; ITALY; MALE; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; PATHOLOGY; PATIENT SELECTION; PROCEDURES; STANDARDS;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; ITALY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MAMMAPLASTY; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; PATIENT SELECTION;

EID: 77951667353     PISSN: 09598049     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.02.015     Document Type: Article

References (223)

1. Bassett L.W., Dhaliwal S.G., Eradat J., et al. National trends and practices in breast MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 191 (2008) 332-339
2. Gorczyca D.P., Gorczyca S.M., and Gorczyca K.L. The diagnosis of silicone breast implant rupture. Plast Reconstr Surg 120 Suppl. 1 (2007) 49S-61S
3. Samuels J.B., Rohrich R.J., Weatherall P.T., Ho A.M., and Goldberg K.L. Radiographic diagnosis of breast implant rupture: current status and comparison of techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg 96 (1995) 865-877
4. Goodman C.M., Cohen V., Thornby J., and Netscher D. The life span of silicone gel breast implants and a comparison of mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging in detecting implant rupture: a meta-analysis. Ann Plast Surg 41 (1998) 577-585
5. Hrung J.M., Sonnad S.S., Schwartz J.S., and Langlotz C.P. Accuracy of MR imaging in the work-up of suspicious breast lesions: a diagnostic meta-analysis. Acad Radiol 6 (1999) 387-397
6. Cher D.J., Conwell J.A., and Mandel J.S. MRI for detecting silicone breast implant rupture: meta-analysis and implications. Ann Plast Surg 47 (2001) 367-380
7. Lord S.J., Lei W., Craft P., et al. A systematic review of the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an addition to mammography and ultrasound in screening young women at high risk of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 43 (2007) 1905-1917
8. Warner E., Messersmith H., Causer P., Eisen A., Shumak R., and Plewes D. Systematic review: using magnetic resonance imaging to screen women at high risk for breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 148 (2008) 671-679
9. Warner E. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in screening women at high risk of breast cancer. Top Magn Reson Imaging 19 (2008) 163-169
10. Granader E.J., Dwamena B., and Carlos R.C. MRI and mammography surveillance of women at increased risk for breast cancer: recommendations using an evidence-based approach. Acad Radiol 15 (2008) 1590-1595
11. Houssami N., Ciatto S., Macaskill P., et al. Accuracy and surgical impact of magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer staging: systematic review and meta-analysis in detection of multifocal and multicentric cancer. J Clin Oncol 26 (2008) 3248-3258
12. DeMartini W., and Lehman C. A review of current evidence-based clinical applications for breast magnetic resonance imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging 19 (2008) 143-150
13. Peters N.H., Borel Rinkes I.H., Zuithoff N.P., Mali W.P., Moons K.G., and Peeters P.H. Meta-analysis of MR imaging in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Radiology 246 (2008) 116-124
14. Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford, UK. .
15. Sardanelli F., Giuseppetti G.M., Canavese G., et al. Indications for breast magnetic resonance imaging. Consensus document "Attualità in Senologia", Florence 2007. Radiol Med 113 (2008) 1085-1095
16. Delille J.P., Slanetz P.J., Yeh E.D., Kopans D.B., and Garrido L. Physiologic changes in breast magnetic resonance imaging during the menstrual cycle: perfusion imaging, signal enhancement, and influence of the T1 relaxation time of breast tissue. Breast J 11 (2005) 236-241
17. American College of Radiology (ACR). Practice guideline for the performance of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast. [revised 2008].
18. Helbich T.H. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the breast. Eur J Radiol 34 (2000) 208-219
19. Floery D., and Helbich T.H. MRI-guided percutaneous biopsy of breast lesions: materials, techniques, success rates, and management in patients with suspected radiologic-pathologic mismatch. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 14 (2006) 411-425
20. Perlet C., Heywang-Köbrunner S.H., Heinig A., et al. Magnetic resonance-guided, vacuum-assisted breast biopsy: results from a European multicenter study of 538 lesions. Cancer 106 (2006) 982-990
21. Heywang-Köbrunner SH, Sinnatamby R, Lebeau A, Lebrecht A, Britton PD, Schreer I; Consensus Group. Interdisciplinary consensus on the uses and technique of MR-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB): results of a European consensus meeting. Eur J Radiol 2008 August 23 [Epub ahead of print].
22. Jatoi I., and Proschan M.A. Randomized trials of breast-conserving therapy versus mastectomy for primary breast cancer: a pooled analysis of updated results. Am J Clin Oncol 28 (2005) 289-294
23. Kurniawan E.D., Wong M.H., Windle I., et al. Predictors of surgical margin status in breast-conserving surgery within a breast screening program. Ann Surg Oncol 15 (2008) 2542-2549
24. Dunne C., Burke J.P., Morrow M., and Kell M.R. Effect of margin status on local recurrence after breast conservation and radiation therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ. J Clin Oncol 27 (2009) 1615-1620
25. Boetes C., Mus R.D., Holland R., et al. Breast tumors: comparative accuracy of MR imaging relative to mammography and ultrasound for demonstrating extent. Radiology 197 (1995) 743-747
26. Fischer U., Kopka L., and Grabbe E. Breast carcinoma: effect of preoperative contrast-enhanced MR imaging on the therapeutic approach. Radiology 213 (1999) 881-888
27. Krämer S., Schulz-Wendtland R., Hagedorn K., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and its role in the diagnosis of multicentric breast cancer. Anticancer Res 18 (1998) 2163-2164
28. Hlawatsch A., Teifke A., Schmidt M., and Thelen M. Preoperative assessment of breast cancer: sonography versus MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179 (2002) 1493-1501
29. Berg W.A., Gutierrez L., NessAiver M.S., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of mammography, clinical examination, US, and MR imaging in preoperative assessment of breast cancer. Radiology 233 (2004) 830-849
30. Hata T., Takahashi H., Watanabe K., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative evaluation of breast cancer: a comparative study with mammography and ultrasonography. J Am Coll Surg 199 (2004) 173-174
31. Van Goethem M., Schelfout K., Dijckmans L., et al. MR mammography in the pre-operative staging of breast cancer in patients with dense breast tissue: comparison with mammography and ultrasound. Eur Radiol 14 (2004) 809-816
32. Schnall M.D., Blume J., Bluemke D.A., et al. MRI detection of distinct incidental cancer in women with primary breast cancer studied in IBMC 6883. J Surg Oncol 92 (2005) 32-38
33. Orel S.G., Mendonca M.H., Reynolds C., et al. MR imaging of ductal carcinoma in situ. Radiology 202 (1997) 413-420
34. Viehweg P., Lampe D., Buchmann J., and Heywang-Köbrunner S.H. In situ and minimally invasive breast cancer: morphologic and kinetic features on contrast-enhanced MR imaging. MAGMA 11 (2000) 129-137
35. Heywang-Köbrunner S.H., Bick U., Bradley Jr. W.G., et al. International investigation of breast MRI: results of a multicentre study (11 sites) concerning diagnostic parameters for contrast-enhanced MRI based on 519 histopathologically correlated lesions. Eur Radiol 11 (2001) 531-546
36. Neubauer H., Li M., Kuehne-Heid R., et al. High grade and non-high grade ductal carcinoma in situ on dynamic MR mammography: characteristic findings for signal increase and morphological pattern of enhancement. Br J Radiol 76 (2003) 3-12
37. Hwang E.S., Kinkel K., Essermann L.J., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ: value in the diagnosis of residual disease, occult invasion, and multicentricity. Ann Surg Oncol 10 (2003) 381-388
38. Menell J.H., Morris E.A., Dershaw D.D., et al. Determination of the presence and extent of pure ductal carcinoma in situ by mammography and magnetic resonance imaging. Breast J 11 (2005) 382-390
39. Kuhl C.K., Schrading S., Bieling H.B., et al. MRI for diagnosis of pure ductal carcinoma in situ: a prospective observational study. Lancet 370 (2007) 485-492
40. Sardanelli F., Giuseppetti G.M., Panizza P., et al. Italian trial for breast MR in multifocal/multicentric cancer. Sensitivity of MRI versus mammography for detecting foci of multifocal, multicentric breast cancer in fatty and dense breast using the whole breast pathologic examination as a gold standard. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183 (2004) 1149-1157
41. Sardanelli F., Bacigalupo L., Carbonaro L., et al. What is the sensitivity of mammography and dynamic MR imaging for DCIS if the whole-breast histopathology is used as a reference standard?. Radiol Med 113 (2008) 439-451
42. van der Velden A.P.S., Boetes C., Bult P., and Wobbes T. The value of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis and size assessment of in situ and small invasive breast carcinoma. Am J Surg 192 (2006) 172-189
43. Van Goethem M., Schelfout K., Kersschot E., et al. MR mammography is useful in the preoperative locoregional staging of breast carcinomas with extensive intraductal component. Eur J Radiol 62 (2007) 273-282
44. Kim Do Y., Moon W.K., Cho N., et al. MRI of the breast for the detection and assessment of the size of ductal carcinoma in situ. Korean J Radiol 8 (2007) 32-39
45. Mann R.M., Hoogeveen Y.L., Blickman J.G., and Boetes C. MRI compared to conventional diagnostic work-up in the detection and evaluation of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: a review of existing literature. Breast Cancer Res Treat 107 (2008) 1-14
46. Morrow M., Keeney K., Scholtens D., Wei J., Steel J., and Khan S.A. Selecting patients for breast-conserving therapy: the importance of lobular histology. Cancer 106 (2006) 2563-2568
47. Liberman L., Morris E.A., Kim C.M., et al. MR imaging findings in the contralateral breast of women with recently diagnosed breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 180 (2003) 333-341
48. Lee S.G., Orel S.G., Woo I.G., et al. MR imaging screening of the contralateral breast in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Radiology 226 (2003) 773-778
49. Hollingsworth A.B., Stough R.G., O'Dell C.A., and Brekke C.E. Breast magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative locoregional staging. Am J Surg 196 (2008) 389-397
50. Lehman C.D., Gatsonis C., Kuhl C.K., et al., ACRIN Trial 6667 Investigators Group. MRI evaluation of the contralateral breast in women with recently diagnosed breast cancer. N Engl J Med 356 (2007) 1295-1303
51. Kuhl C.K., Schrading S., Leutner C.C., et al. Mammography, breast ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging for surveillance of women at high familial risk for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 23 (2005) 8469-8476
52. Sardanelli F., Podo F., D'Agnolo G., et al. Multicenter comparative multimodality surveillance of women at genetic-familial high risk for breast cancer (HIBCRIT study): interim results. Radiology 242 (2007) 698-715
53. Deurloo E.E., Klein Zeggelink W.F., Teertstra H.J., et al. Contrast-enhanced MRI in breast cancer patients eligible for breast-conserving therapy: complementary value for subgroups of patients. Eur Radiol 16 (2006) 692-701
54. Esserman L., Hylton N., Yassa L., Barclay J., Frankel S., and Sickles E. Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of breast cancer: evidence for improved preoperative staging. J Clin Oncol 17 (1999) 110-119
55. Tan J.E., Orel S.G., Schnall M.D., et al. Role of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance imaging-guided surgery in the evaluation of patients with early-stage breast cancer for breast conservation treatment. Am J Clin Oncol 22 (1999) 414-418
56. Bedrosian I., Mick R., Orel S.G., et al. Changes in the surgical management of patients with breast carcinoma based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer 98 (2003) 468-473
57. Liberman L., Morris E.A., Dershaw D.D., et al. MR imaging of the ipsilateral breast in women with percutaneously proven breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 180 (2003) 901-910
58. Del Frate C., Borghese L., Cedolini C., et al. Role of pre-surgical breast MRI in the management of invasive breast carcinoma. Breast 16 (2007) 469-481
59. Heywang-Köbrunner S.H., Möhrling D., and Nährig J. The role of MRI before breast conservation. Sem Breast Dis 10 (2007) 137-144
60. Braun M., Pölcher M., Schrading S., et al. Influence of preoperative MRI on the surgical management of patients with operable breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 111 (2008) 179-187
61. Clarke M., Collins R., Darby S., et al., Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 366 (2005) 2087-2106
62. Veronesi U., Cascinelli N., Mariani L., et al. Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 347 (2002) 1227-1232
63. Solin L.J., Orel S.G., Hwang W.T., Harris E.E., and Schnall M.D. Relationship of breast magnetic resonance imaging to outcome after breast-conservation treatment with radiation for women with early-stage invasive breast carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ. J Clin Oncol 26 (2008) 386-391
64. Foote R.L., Johnson R.E., Donohue J.H., et al. Trends in surgical treatment of breast cancer at Mayo Clinic 1980-2004. Breast 17 (2008) 555-562
65. Katipamula R., Hoskin T.L., Boughey J.C., et al. Trends in mastectomy rates at the Mayo Clinic Rochester: effect of surgical year, preoperative MRI. J Clin Oncol 26 (2008) [May 20 Suppl.; abstract 509]
66. Bleicher R.J., et al. The influence of routine pretreatment MRI on time to treatment, mastectomy rate, positive margins. ASCO Breast (2008) [abstract 227]
67. Al-Hallaq H.A., Mell L.K., Bradley J.A., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging identifies multifocal and multicentric disease in breast cancer patients who are eligible for partial breast irradiation. Cancer 113 (2008) 2408-2414
68. Godinez J., Gombos E.C., Chikarmane S.A., Griffin G.K., and Birdwell R.L. Breast MRI in the evaluation of eligibility for accelerated partial breast irradiation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 191 (2008) 272-277
69. Tendulkar R.D., Chellman-Jeffers M., Rybicki L.A., et al. Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging in early breast cancer: implications for partial breast irradiation. Cancer 15 115 (2009) 1621-1630
70. Smith B.D., Arthur D.W., Buchholz T.A., et al. Accelerated partial breast irradiation consensus statement from the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 74 (2009) 987-1001
71. Wijayanayagam A., Kumar A.S., Foster R.D., and Esserman L.J. Optimizing the total skin-sparing mastectomy. Arch Surg 143 (2008) 38-45
72. Frei K.A., Bonel H.M., Pelte M.F., Hylton N.M., and Kinkel K. Paget disease of the breast: findings at magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic correlation. Invest Radiol 40 (2005) 363-367
73. Haddad N., Ollivier L., Tardivon A., Thibault F., El Khoury C., and Neuenschwander S. Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in Paget disease of the breast. J Radiol 88 (2007) 579-584
74. Morrogh M., Morris E.A., Liberman L., et al. MRI identifies otherwise occult disease in select patients with Paget disease of the nipple. J Am Coll Surg 206 (2008) 316-321
75. Fischer U., Zachariae O., Baum F., et al. The influence of preoperative MRI of the breasts on recurrence rate in patients with breast cancer. Eur Radiol 14 (2004) 1725-1731
76. Peters N.H., van den Bosch M.A., Peeters P.H., Mali W.M., and Borel Rinkes I.H. Breast magnetic resonance imaging in early-stage breast cancer: is there really no value?. J Clin Oncol 10 26 (2008) 3465-3466
77. Pengel K.E., Loo C.E., Teertstra H.J., et al. The impact of preoperative MRI on breast-conserving surgery of invasive cancer: a comparative cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 116 (2009) 161-169
78. Drew PJ et al. The UK NIHR multicentre randomised COMICE trial of MRI planning for breast conserving treatment for breast cancer. San Antonio breast cancer conference; 2008 [abstract 51].
79. Peters N.H., Borel Rinkes I.H., Mali W.P., et al. Breast MRI in nonpalpable breast lesions: a randomized trial with diagnostic and therapeutic outcome - MONET - study. Trials 28 8 (2007) 40
80. Albert U.S., Altland H., Duda V., et al. 2008 update of the guideline: early detection of breast cancer in Germany. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 135 (2009) 339-354
81. NICE-Guideline: National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care. Familial breast cancer. The classification and care of women at risk of familial breast cancer in primary, secondary and tertiary care. Partial update. Draft for consultation. May 2006. .
82. Easton D.F., and Eeles R.A. Genome-wide association studies in cancer. Hum Mol Genet 17 R2 (2008) R109
83. Saslow D., Boetes C., Burke W., et al., American Cancer Society Breast Cancer Advisory Group. American Cancer Society guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. CA Cancer J Clin 57 (2007) 75-89
84. Curado MP, Edwards B, Shin HR, et al. Cancer incidence in five continents, vol. IX. IARC Scientific Publications 2007 No. 160. Lyon: IARC. .
85. Hartmann L.C., Sellers T.A., Schaid D.J., et al. Efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation carriers. J Natl Cancer Inst 93 (2001) 1633-1637
86. Kriege M., Brekelmans C.T., Boetes C., et al. Efficacy of MRI and mammography for breast-cancer screening in women with a familial or genetic predisposition. N Engl J Med 351 (2004) 427-437
87. Warner E., Plewes D.B., Hill K.A., et al. Surveillance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, mammography, and clinical breast examination. JAMA 292 (2004) 1317-1325
88. Leach M.O., Boggis C.R., Dixon A.K., Easton D.F., Eeles R.A., Evans D.G., et al. Screening with magnetic resonance imaging and mammography of a UK population at high familial risk of breast cancer: a prospective multicentre cohort study (MARIBS). Lancet 365 (2005) 1769-1778
89. Lehman C.D., Blume J.D., Weatherall P., et al., International Breast MRI Consortium Working Group. Screening women at high risk for breast cancer with mammography and magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer 103 (2005) 1898-1905
90. Lehman C.D., Isaacs C., Schnall M.D., et al. Cancer yield of mammography, MR, and US in high-risk women: prospective multi-institution breast cancer screening study. Radiology 244 (2007) 381-388
91. Hagen A.I., Kvistad K.A., Maehle L., et al. Sensitivity of MRI versus conventional screening in the diagnosis of BRCA-associated breast cancer in a national prospective series. Breast 16 (2007) 367-374
92. Riedl C.C., Ponhold L., Flory D., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast improves detection of invasive cancer, preinvasive cancer, and premalignant lesions during surveillance of women at high risk for breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 15 13 (2007) 6144-6152
93. Sardanelli F., and Podo F. Breast MR imaging in women at high-risk of breast cancer. Is something changing in early breast cancer detection?. Eur Radiol 17 (2007) 873-887
94. Tilanus-Linthorst M.M., Obdeijn I.M., et al. BRCA1 mutation and young age predict fast breast cancer growth in the Dutch, United Kingdom, and Canadian magnetic resonance imaging screening trials. Clin Cancer Res 13 (2007) 7357-7362
95. Warren R.M., Pointon L., Thompson D., Hoff R., Gilbert F.J., Padhani A., et al. Reading protocol for dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images of the breast: sensitivity and specificity analysis. Radiology 236 (2005) 779-788
96. National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care. Familial breast cancer: the classification and care of women at risk of familial breast cancer in primary, secondary and tertiary care (partial update of CG14) 2006;1-75.
97. Plevritis S.K., Kurian A.W., Sigal B.M., Daniel B.L., Ikeda D.M., Stockdale F.E., et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with breast magnetic resonance imaging. JAMA 295 (2006) 2374-2384
98. Podo F, Sardanelli F (personal communication).
99. Broeks A., Braaf L.M., Huseinovic A., et al. Identification of women with an increased risk of developing radiation-induced breast cancer: a case only study. Breast Cancer Res 9 (2007) R26
100. Sardanelli F., and Podo F. Management of an inherited predisposition to breast cancer. N Engl J Med 18 357 (2007) 1663
101. de Gonzalez A.B., Berg C.D., Visvanathan K., and Robson M. Estimated risk of radiation-induced breast cancer from mammographic screening for young BRCA mutation carriers. J Natl Cancer Inst 101 (2009) 205-209
102. Hartman M., Czene K., Reilly M., et al. Incidence and prognosis of synchronous and metachronous bilateral breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 25 (2007) 4210-4216
103. Metcalfe K., Lynch H.T., Ghadirian P., et al. Contralateral breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. J Clin Oncol 22 (2004) 2328-2335
104. Sardanelli F., and Podo F. Women with history of breast cancer excluded from screening programs: is it the right choice?. Radiology 234 (2005) 971
105. McLaughlin S.A., Stempel M., Morris E.A., Liberman L., and King T.A. Can magnetic resonance imaging be used to select patients for sentinel lymph node biopsy in prophylactic mastectomy?. Cancer 112 (2008) 1214-1221
106. Black D., Specht M., Lee J.M., Dominguez F., et al. Detecting occult malignancy in prophylactic mastectomy: preoperative MRI versus sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol 14 (2007) 2477-2484
107. Sim L., Hendriks J., Bult P., and Fook-Chong S. US correlation for MRI-detected breast lesions in women with familial risk of breast cancer. Clin Radiol 60 (2005) 801-806
108. Corsetti V., Houssami N., Ferrari A., et al. Breast screening with ultrasound in women with mammography-negative dense breasts: evidence on incremental cancer detection and false positives, and associated cost. Eur J Cancer 44 (2008) 539-544
109. Ralleigh G., and Given-Wilson R. Breast cancer risk and possible screening strategies for young women following supradiaphragmatic irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Clin Radiol 59 (2004) 647-650
110. Ackland S.P., Bitran J.D., and Dowlatshahi K. Management of locally advanced and inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet 161 (1985) 399-408
111. Cocconi G., di Blasio B., Bisagni G., Alberti G., Botti E., and Anghinoni E. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in locally advanced breast carcinoma. A prospective, randomized study. Am J Clin Oncol 13 (1990) 226-232
112. Swain S.M., Sorace R.A., Bagley C.S., et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the combined modality approach of locally advanced nonmetastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 47 (1987) 3889-3894
113. Therasse P., Mauriac L., Welnicka-Jaskiewicz M., et al., EORTC. Final results of a randomized phase III trial comparing cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil with a dose-intensified epirubicin and cyclophosphamide + filgrastim as neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced breast cancer: an EORTC-NCIC-SAKK multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 21 (2003) 843-850
114. Hortobagyi G.N., Blumenschein G.R., Spanos W., et al. Multimodal treatment of locoregionally advanced breast cancer. Cancer 51 (1983) 763-768
115. Rubens R.D., Bartelink H., Engelsman E., et al. Locally advanced breast cancer: the contribution of cytotoxic and endocrine treatment to radiotherapy. An EORTC breast cancer co-operative group trial (10792). Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 25 (1989) 667-678
116. Mauri D., Pavlidis N., and Ioannidis J.P. Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic treatment in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2 97 (2005) 188-194
117. Davidson N.E., and Morrow M. Sometimes a great notion - an assessment of neoadjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 97 (2005) 159-161
118. Wolmark N., Wang J., Mamounas E., Bryant J., and Fisher B. Preoperative chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer: nine-year results from national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project B-18. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 30 (2001) 96-102
119. van der Hage J.A., van de Velde C.J., Julien J.P., Tubiana-Hulin M., Vandervelden C., and Duchateau L. Preoperative chemotherapy in primary operable breast cancer: results from the European organization for research and treatment of cancer trial 10902. J Clin Oncol 19 (2001) 4224-4237
120. Chen J.H., Feig B.A., Hsiang D.J., et al. Impact of MRI-evaluated neoadjuvant chemotherapy response on change of surgical recommendation in breast cancer. Ann Surg 249 (2009) 448-454
121. Kurtz B., Achten C., Audretsch W., Rezai M., Urban P., and Zocholl G. MR-mammography assessment of tumor response after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy of locally advanced breast carcinoma. Rofo 164 (1996) 469-474
122. Abraham D.C., Jones R.C., Jones S.E., et al. Evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic response of locally advanced breast cancer by magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer 78 (1996) 91-100
123. Drew P.J., Kerin M.J., Mahapatra T., et al. Evaluation of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast. Eur J Surg Oncol 27 (2001) 617-620
124. Balu-Maestro C., Chapellier C., Bleuse A., Chanalet I., Chauvel C., and Largillier R. Imaging in evaluation of response to neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment benefits of MRI. Breast Cancer Res Treat 72 (2002) 145-152
125. Rosen E.L., Blackwell K.L., Baker J.A., et al. Accuracy of MRI in the detection of residual breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181 (2003) 1275-1282
126. Londero V., Bazzocchi M., Del Frate C., et al. Locally advanced breast cancer: comparison of mammography, sonography and MR imaging in evaluation of residual disease in women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eur Radiol 14 (2004) 1371-1379
127. Yeh E., Slanetz P., Kopans D.B., et al. Prospective comparison of mammography, sonography, and MRI in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for palpable breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184 (2005) 868-877
128. Wasser K., Klein S.K., Junkermann H., et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast carcinomas: what post-therapeutic (preoperative) information is provided by quantitative dynamic MRI?. Radiologe 47 (2007) 421-429
129. Bhattacharyya M., Ryan D., Carpenter R., Vinnicombe S., and Gallagher C.J. Using MRI to plan breast-conserving surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Br J Cancer 98 (2008) 289-293
130. Akazawa K., Tamaki Y., Taguchi T., et al. Preoperative evaluation of residual tumor extent by three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast J 12 (2006) 130-137
131. Cheung Y.C., Chen S.C., Su M.Y., et al. Monitoring the size and response of locally advanced breast cancers to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (weekly paclitaxel and epirubicin) with serial enhanced MRI. Breast Cancer Res Treat 78 (2003) 51-58
132. Partridge S.C., Gibbs J.E., Lu Y., Esserman L.J., Sudilovsky D., and Hylton N.M. Accuracy of MR imaging for revealing residual breast cancer in patients who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179 (2002) 1193-1199
133. Belli P., Costantini M., Malaspina C., Magistrelli A., Latorre G., and Bonomo L. MRI accuracy in residual disease evaluation in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Radiol 61 (2006) 946-953
134. Segara D., Krop I.E., Garber J.E., et al. Does MRI predict pathologic tumor response in women with breast cancer undergoing preoperative chemotherapy?. J Surg Oncol 96 (2007) 474-480
135. Kim H.J., Im Y.H., Han B.K., et al. Accuracy of MRI for estimating residual tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer: relation to response patterns on MRI. Acta Oncol 46 (2007) 996-1003
136. Denis F., Desbiez-Bourcier A.V., Chapiron C., Arbion F., Body G., and Brunereau L. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging underestimates residual disease following neoadjuvant docetaxel based chemotherapy for breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 30 (2004) 1069-1076
137. Schott A.F., Roubidoux M.A., Helvie M.A., et al. Clinical and radiologic assessments to predict breast cancer pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 92 (2005) 231-238
138. Kwong M.S., Chung G.G., Horvath L.J., et al. Postchemotherapy MRI overestimates residual disease compared with histopathology in responders to neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced breast cancer. Cancer J 12 (2006) 212-221
139. Nicoletto M.O., Nitti D., Pescarini L., et al. Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological tumor response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Tumori 94 (2008) 481-488
140. Rieber A., Brambs H.J., Gabelmann A., Heilmann V., Kreienberg R., and Kühn T. Breast MRI for monitoring response of primary breast cancer to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Eur Radiol 12 (2002) 1711-1719
141. Vénat-Bouvet L., Desfougères M., Aubard Y., et al. MRI evaluation of primary chemotherapy response in breast cancer. Bull Cancer 91 (2004) 721-728
142. Bahri S., Chen J.H., Mehta R.S., et al. Residual breast cancer diagnosed by MRI in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy with and without bevacizumab. Ann Surg Oncol 16 (2009) 1619-1628
143. Nakamura S., Kenjo H., Nishio T., Kazama T., Doi O., and Suzuki K. Efficacy of 3D-MR mammography for breast conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer 9 (2002) 15-19
144. Thibault F., Nos C., Meunier M., et al. MRI for surgical planning in patients with breast cancer who undergo preoperative chemotherapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183 (2004) 1159-1168
145. Association of Breast Surgery at BASO; Association of Breast Surgery at BAPRAS; Training Interface Group in Breast Surgery, Baildam A., Bishop H., Boland G., et al. Oncoplastic breast surgery - a guide to good practice. Eur J Surg Oncol 33 Suppl. 1 (2007) S1-S23
146. Chen J.H., Feig B., Agrawal G., et al. MRI evaluation of pathologically complete response and residual tumors in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer 112 (2008) 17-26
147. Martincich L., Montemurro F., Cirillo S., et al. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction of tumor response in patients with locally advanced breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Radiol Med 106 (2003) 51-58
148. Martincich L., Montemurro F., De Rosa G., et al. Monitoring response to primary chemotherapy in breast cancer using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Breast Cancer Res Treat 83 (2004) 67-76
149. Partridge S.C., Gibbs J.E., Lu Y., Esserman L.J., et al. MRI measurements of breast tumor volume predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and recurrence-free survival. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184 (2005) 1774-1781
150. Yu H.J., Chen J.H., Mehta R.S., Nalcioglu O., and Su M.Y. MRI measurements of tumor size and pharmacokinetic parameters as early predictors of response in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy. J Magn Reson Imaging 26 (2007) 615-623
151. Loo C.E., Teertstra H.J., Rodenhuis S., et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for prediction of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: initial results. AJR Am J Roentgenol 191 (2008) 1331-1338
152. Pickles M.D., Lowry M., Manton D.J., Gibbs P., and Turnbull L.W. Role of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in monitoring early response of locally advanced breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 91 (2005) 1-10
153. Ah-See M.L., Makris A., Taylor N.J., et al. Early changes in functional dynamic magnetic resonance imaging predict for pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 14 (2008) 6580-6589
154. Padhani A.R., Hayes C., Assersohn L., Powles T., Makris A., Suckling J., et al. Prediction of clinicopathologic response of breast cancer to primary chemotherapy at contrast-enhanced MR imaging: initial clinical results. Radiology 239 (2006) 361-374
155. Straver M.E., van Adrichem J.C., Rutgers E.J., et al. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy in patients with operable primary breast cancer: more benefits than breast-conserving therapy. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 152 (2008) 2519-2525
156. Schegerin M., Tosteson A.N., Kaufman P.A., Paulsen K.D., and Pogue B.W. Prognostic imaging in neoadjuvant chemotherapy of locally-advanced breast cancer should be cost-effective. Breast Cancer Res Treat 114 (2009) 537-547
157. Hattangadi J., Park C., Rembert J., Klifa C., Hwang J., Gibbs J., et al. Breast stromal enhancement on MRI is associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190 (2008) 1630-1636
158. Johansen R., Jensen L.R., Rydland J., et al. Predicting survival and early clinical response to primary chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced breast cancer using DCE-MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 29 (2009) 1300-1307
159. Pickles M.D., Gibbs P., Lowry M., and Turnbull L.W. Diffusion changes precede size reduction in neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Magn Reson Imaging 24 (2006) 843-847
160. Jagannathan N.R., Kumar M., Seenu V., et al. Evaluation of total choline from in-vivo volume localized proton MR spectroscopy and its response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer. Br J Cancer 84 (2001) 1016-1022
161. Meisamy S., Bolan P.J., Baker E.H., et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of locally advanced breast cancer: predicting response with in vivo (1)H MR spectroscopy - a pilot study at 4 T. Radiology 233 (2004) 424-431
162. Baek H.M., Chen J.H., Nie K., Yu H.J., et al. Predicting pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer by using MR imaging and quantitative 1H MR spectroscopy. Radiology 251 (2009) 653-662
163. Pickles M.D., Manton D.J., Lowry M., and Turnbull L.W. Prognostic value of pre-treatment DCE-MRI parameters in predicting disease free and overall survival for breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eur J Radiol 71 (2009) 498-505
164. Sharma U., Danishad K.K., Seenu V., and Jagannathan N.R. Longitudinal study of the assessment by MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging of tumor response in patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. NMR Biomed 22 (2009) 104-113
165. Therasse P., Arbuck S.G., Eisenhauer E.A., et al. New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 92 (2000) 205-216
166. Terry M.B., Skovron M.L., Garbers S., Sonnenschein E., and Toniolo P. The estimated frequency of cosmetic breast augmentation among US women, 1963 through 1988. Am J Public Health 85 (1995) 1122-1124
167. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. .
168. European Parliament resolution on the communication from the Commission on community and national measures in relation to breast implants (Breast implants P5_TA(2003)0063; A5-0008/2003). .
169. Caskey C.I., Berg W.A., Hamper U.M., Sheth S., Chang B.W., and Anderson N.D. Imaging spectrum of extracapsular silicone: correlation of US, MR imaging, mammographic, and histopathologic findings. Radiographics 19 Spec No (1999) S39-S51
170. Berg W.A., Nguyen T.K., Middleton M.S., et al. MR imaging of extracapsular silicone from breast implants: diagnostic pitfalls. AJR Am J Roentgenol 178 (2002) 465-472
171. Hölmich L.R., Vejborg I., Conrad C., Sletting S., and McLaughlin J.K. The diagnosis of breast implant rupture: MRI findings compared with findings at explantation. Eur J Radiol 53 (2005) 213-225
172. Hölmich L.R., Fryzek J.P., Kjøller K., et al. The diagnosis of silicone breast-implant rupture: clinical findings compared with findings at magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Plast Surg 54 (2005) 583-589
173. Middleton M.S., and McNamara Jr. M.P. Breast implant classification with MR imaging correlation. Radiographics 20 (2000) E1
174. Food and Drug Administration. 2006 guidance for industry and FDA on saline, silicone gel, and alternative breast implants. .
175. Institute of Medicine (IOM) Report. Safety of silicone breast implants. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine National Academy Press; 2000. .
176. Devon R.K., Rosen M.A., Mies C., and Orel S.G. Breast reconstruction with a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap: spectrum of normal and abnormal MR imaging findings. Radiographics 24 (2004) 1287-1299
177. Glynn C., and Litherland J. Imaging breast augmentation and reconstruction. Br J Radiol 81 (2008) 587-595
178. Lui C.Y., Ho C.M., Iu P.P., et al. Evaluation of MRI findings after polyacrylamide gel injection for breast augmentation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 191 (2008) 677-688
179. Herborn C.U., Marincek B., Erfmann D., et al. Breast augmentation and reconstructive surgery: MR imaging of implant rupture and malignancy. Eur Radiol 12 (2002) 2198-2206
180. Topping A., George C., and Wilson G. Appropriateness of MRI scanning in the detection of ruptured implants used for breast reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg 56 (2003) 186-189
181. Chung K.C., Greenfield M.L., and Walters M. Decision-analysis methodology in the work-up of women with suspected silicone breast implant rupture. Plast Reconstr Surg 102 (1998) 689-695
182. Hölmich L.R., Kjøller K., Vejborg I., et al. Prevalence of silicone breast implant rupture among Danish women. Plast Reconstr Surg 108 (2001) 848-858
183. Hölmich L.R., Friis S., Fryzek J.P., Vejborg I.M., Conrad C., Sletting S., et al. Incidence of silicone breast implant rupture. Arch Surg 138 (2003) 801-806
184. McCarthy C.M., Pusic A.L., and Kerrigan C.L. Silicone breast implants and magnetic resonance imaging screening for rupture: do US food and drug administration recommendations reflect an evidence-based practice approach to patient care?. Plast Reconstr Surg 121 (2008) 1127-1134
185. Handel N. The effect of silicone implants on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Plast Reconstr Surg 120 Suppl. 1 (2007) 81S-93S
186. Friis S., Hölmich L.R., McLaughlin J.K., Kjøller K., Fryzek J.P., Henriksen T.F., et al. Cancer risk among Danish women with cosmetic breast implants. Int J Cancer 118 (2006) 998-1003
187. Heinig A., Heywang-Köbrunner S.H., Viehweg P., Lampe D., Buchmann J., and Spielmann R.P. Value of contrast medium magnetic resonance tomography of the breast in breast reconstruction with implant. Radiologe 37 /9 (1997) 710-717
188. Boné B., Aspelin P., Isberg B., Perbeck L., and Veress B. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast in patients with breast implants after cancer surgery. Acta Radiol 36 (1995) 111-116
189. Zegzula H.D., and Lee W.P. Infusion port dislodgment of bilateral breast tissue expanders after MRI. Ann Plast Surg 46 (2001) 46-48
190. Henry-Tillman R.S., Harms S.E., Westbrook K.C., Korourian S., and Klimberg V.S. Role of breast magnetic resonance imaging in determining breast as a source of unknown metastatic lymphadenopathy. Am J Surg 178 (1999) 496-500
191. Olson Jr. J.A., Morris E.A., Van Zee K.J., Linehan D.C., and Borgen P.I. Magnetic resonance imaging facilitates breast conservation for occult breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 7 (2000) 411-415
192. Orel S.G., Weinstein S.P., Schnall M.D., et al. Breast MR imaging in patients with axillary node metastases and unknown primary malignancy. Radiology 212 (1999) 543-549
193. Bugat R., Bataillard A., Lesimple T., et al. Standards, options and recommendations for the management of patient with carcinoma of unknown primary site. Bull Cancer 89 (2002) 869-875
194. Galimberti V., Bassani G., Monti S., et al. Clinical experience with axillary presentation breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 88 (2004) 43-47
195. Morris E.A., Schwartz L.H., Dershaw D.D., van Zee K.J., Abramson A.F., and Liberman L. MR imaging of the breast in patients with occult primary breast carcinoma. Radiology 205 (1997) 437-440
196. Tilanus-Linthorst M.M., Obdeijn A.I., Bontenbal M., and Oudkerk M. MRI in patients with axillary metastases of occult breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 44 (1997) 179-182
197. Schorn C., Fischer U., Luftner-Nagel S., Westerhof J.P., and Grabbe E. MRI of the breast in patients with metastatic disease of unknown primary. Eur Radiol 9 (1999) 470-473
198. Obdeijn I.M., Brouwers-Kuyper E.M., Tilanus-Linthorst M.M., Wiggers T., and Oudkerk M. MR imaging-guided sonography followed by fine-needle aspiration cytology in occult carcinoma of the breast. AJR Am J Roentgenol 174 (2000) 1079-1084
199. Buchanan C.L., Morris E.A., Dorn P.L., Borgen P.I., and Van Zee K.J. Utility of breast magnetic resonance imaging in patients with occult primary breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 12 (2005) 1045-1053
200. Ko E.Y., Han B.K., Shin J.H., and Kang S.S. Breast MRI for evaluating patients with metastatic axillary lymph node and initially negative mammography and sonography. Korean J Radiol 8 (2007) 382-389
201. Lieberman S., Sella T., Maly B., Sosna J., Uziely B., and Sklair-Levy M. Breast magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in women with occult primary breast carcinoma. Isr Med Assoc J 10 (2008) 448-452
202. Gorechlad J.W., McCabe E.B., Higgins J.H., et al. Screening for recurrences in patients treated with breast-conserving surgery: is there a role for MRI?. Ann Surg Oncol 15 (2008) 1703-1709
203. Morakkabati N., Leutner C.C., Schmiedel A., Schild H.H., and Kuhl C.K. Breast MR imaging during or soon after radiation therapy. Radiology 229 (2003) 893-901
204. Belli P., Costantini M., Romani M., Marano P., and Pastore G. Magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer recurrence. Breast Cancer Res Treat 73 (2002) 223-235
205. Preda L., Villa G., Rizzo S., et al. Magnetic resonance mammography in the evaluation of recurrence at the prior lumpectomy site after conservative surgery, radiotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 8 (2006) R53
206. Yilmaz M.H., Esen G., Ayarcan Y., et al. The role of US and MR imaging in detecting local chest wall tumor recurrence after mastectomy. Diagn Interv Radiol 13 (2007) 13-18
207. Krämer S.C., Rieber A., Görich J., et al. Diagnosis of papillomas of the breast: value of magnetic resonance mammography in comparison with galactography. Eur Radiol 10 (2000) 1733-1736
208. Nakahara H., Namba K., Watanabe R., et al. A comparison of MR imaging, galactography and ultrasonography in patients with nipple discharge. Breast Cancer 10 (2003) 320-329
209. Kuhl C.K. The current status of breast MR imaging. Part I. Choice of technique, image interpretation, diagnostic accuracy, and transfer to clinical practice. Radiology 244 (2007) 356-378
210. Flamm C.R., Ziegler K.M., and Aronson N. Technology evaluation center assessment synopsis: use of magnetic resonance imaging to avoid a biopsy in women with suspicious primary breast lesions. J Am Coll Radiol 2 (2005) 485-487
211. Heywang-Köbrunner S.H., and Beck R. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast. 2nd ed. (1995), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
212. Renz D.M., Baltzer P.A., Böttcher J., et al. Inflammatory breast carcinoma in magnetic resonance imaging: a comparison with locally advanced breast cancer. Acad Radiol 15 (2008) 209-221
213. Fischer U., Vosshenrich R., von Heyden D., Knipper H., Oestmann J.W., and Grabbe E. Inflammatory lesions of the breast: indication for MR-mammography?. Rofo 161 (1994) 307-311
214. Rieber A., Tomczak R.J., Mergo P.J., Wenzel V., Zeitler H., and Brambs H.J. MRI of the breast in the differential diagnosis of mastitis versus inflammatory carcinoma and follow-up. J Comput Assist Tomogr 21 (1997) 128-132
215. Yasumura K., Ogawa K., Ishikawa H., Takeshita T., Nakagawa Y., and Osamura R.Y. Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast: characteristic findings of MR imaging. Breast Cancer 4 (1997) 161-169
216. Belli P., Romani M., Costantini M., et al. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the pre and postchemotherapy evaluation in locally advanced breast carcinoma. Rays 27 (2002) 279-290
217. Lee K.W., Chung S.Y., Yang I., et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: imaging findings. Clin Imaging 29 (2005) 22-25
218. Yang W.T., Le-Petross H.T., Macapinlac H., et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: PET/CT, MRI, mammography, and sonography findings. Breast Cancer Res Treat 109 (2008) 417-426
219. Renz D.M., Baltzer P.A., Böttcher J., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of inflammatory breast carcinoma and acute mastitis. A comparative study. Eur Radiol 18 (2008) 2370-2380
220. American Cancer Society. .
221. Morakkabati-Spitz N., Schild H.H., Leutner C.C., von Falkenhausen M., Lutterbey G., and Kuhl C.K. Dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MR imaging in men: preliminary results. Radiology 238 (2006) 438-445
222. Hines S.L., Tan W., Larson J.M., Thompson K.M., Jorn H.K., and Files J.A. A practical approach to guide clinicians in the evaluation of male patients with breast masses. Geriatrics 63 (2008) 19-24
223. Schininà V., Busi Rizzi E., Zaccarelli M., Carvelli C., and Bibbolino C. Gynecomastia in male HIV patients MRI and US findings. Clin Imaging 26 (2002) 309-313