Risk factors for gestational diabetes: From an epidemiological standpoint

Gestational Diabetes During and After Pregnancy

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 71-81

  Zhang, Cuilin ^a  

^a EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 82355178616     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84882-120-0_5     Document Type: Chapter

References (82)

1. Anonymous. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(SUPPL. 1):88-90.
2. Dabelea D, Snell-Bergeon JK, Hartsfield C.L., Bischoff KJ, Hamman RF, McDuffie RS Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) over time and by birth cohort: Kaiser Permanente of Colorado GDM Screening Program. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28: 579-584.
3. Coustan DR, Carpenter MW, O'Sullivan PS, Carr SR Gestational diabetes: predictors of subsequent disordered glucose metabolism. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993; 168: 1139-1144.
4. Kjos SL, Peters RK, Xiang A, Henry O.A., Montoro M., Buchanan TA Predicting future diabetes in Latino women with gestational diabetes. Utility of early postpartum glucose tolerance testing. Diabetes. 1995; 44: 586-591.
5. Metzger BE, Cho NH, Roston S.M., Radvany R. Prepregnancy weight and antepartum insulin secretion predict glucose tolerance five years after gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1993; 16: 1598-1605.
6. Kim C, Newton KM, Knopp RH Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25: 1862-1868.
7. Moley KH. Diabetes and preimplantation events of embryogenesis. Semin Reprod Endocrinol. 1999; 17: 137-151.
8. Fraser RB, Waite SL, Wood K.A., Martin KL Impact of hyperglycemia on early embryo development and embryopathy: in vitro experiments using a mouse model. Hum Reprod. 2007; 22: 3059-3068.
9. Buchanan TA, Xiang AH Gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 2005; 115: 485-491.
10. Catalano PM, Tyzbir ED, Wolfe R.R., et al Carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy in control subjects and women with gestational diabetes. Am J Physiol. 1993; 264: E60-E67.
11. Catalano PM, Tyzbir ED, Roman N.M., Amini SB, Sims EA Longitudinal changes in insulin release and insulin resistance in nonobese pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 165: 1667-1672.
12. Knopp RH, Bergelin RO, Wahl P.W., Walden CE, Chapman M, Irvine S. Population-based lipoprotein lipid reference values for pregnant women compared to nonpregnant women clas-sified by sex hormone usage. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982; 143: 626-637.
13. Knopp RH, Warth MR, Charles D, et al Lipoprotein metabolism in pregnancy, fat transport to the fetus, and the effects of diabetes. Biol Neonate. 1986; 50: 297-317.
14. Ben-Haroush A., Yogev Y, Hod M. Epidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2004; 21: 103-113.
15. Metzger BE, Buchanan TA, Coustan D.R., et al Summary and recommendations of the Fifth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(SUPPL. 2): S251-S260.
16. Berkowitz GS, Lapinski RH, Wein R, Lee D. Race/ethnicity and other risk factors for gestational diabetes. Am J Epidemiol. 1992; 135: 965-973.
17. Martin AO, Simpson JL, Ober C, Freinkel N. Frequency of diabetes mellitus in mothers of probands with gestational diabetes: possible maternal influence on the predisposition to gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985; 151: 471-475.
18. Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey V.J., et al A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1997; 278: 1078-1083.
19. Okosun IS, Chandra KM, Boev A, et al Abdominal adiposity in U.S. adults: prevalence and trends, 1960-2000. Prev Med. 2004; 39: 197-206.
20. Chu S.Y., Callaghan WM, Kim S.Y., et al Maternal obesity and risk of gestational diabetes mel-litus. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 2070-2076.
21. Hedderson MM, Williams MA, Holt V.L., Weiss NS, Ferrara A. Body mass index and weight gain prior to pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 198(4): 409.e1-409.e7.
22. Rudra CB, Sorensen TK, Leisenring W.M., Dashow E., Williams MA Weight characteristics and height in relation to risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Epidemiol. 2007; 165: 302-308.
23. Williams MA, Qiu C, Dempsey J.C., Luthy DA Familial aggregation of type 2 diabetes and chronic hypertension in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Reprod Med. 2003; 48: 955-962.
24. England LJ, Levine RJ, Qian C, et al Glucose tolerance and risk of gestational diabetes mel-litus in nulliparous women who smoke during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol. 2004; 160: 1205-1213.
25. Joffe GM, Esterlitz JR, Levine R.J., et al The relationship between abnormal glucose tolerance and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in healthy nulliparous women. Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention (CPEP) Study Group. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 179: 1032-1037.
26. Rodrigues S, Robinson E, Gray-Donald K. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among James Bay Cree women in northern Quebec. CMAJ. 1999; 160: 1293-1297.
27. Rodrigues S, Robinson EJ, Ghezzo H, Gray-Donald K. Interaction of body weight and ethnicity on risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999; 70: 1083-1089.
28. Terry PD, Weiderpass E, Ostenson C.G., Cnattingius S. Cigarette smoking and the risk of ges-tational and pregestational diabetes in two consecutive pregnancies. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 2994-2998.
29. Savitz DA, Janevic TM, Engel S.M., Kaufman JS, Herring AH Ethnicity and gestational diabetes in New York City, 1995-2003. BJOG. 2008; 115: 969-978.
30. Dooley SL, Metzger BE, Cho N, Liu K. The influence of demographic and phenotypic heterogeneity on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1991; 35: 13-18.
31. Meza E, Barraza L, Martinez G., et al Gestational diabetes in a Mexican-U.S. border population: prevalence and epidemiology. Rev. Invest Clin. 1995; 47: 433-438.
32. Anastasiou E, Alevizaki M, Grigorakis S.J., Philippou G., Kyprianou M, Souvatzoglou A. Decreased stature in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1998; 41: 997-1001.
33. Branchtein L, Schmidt MI, Matos M.C., Yamashita T., Pousada JM, Duncan BB Short stature and gestational diabetes in Brazil. Brazilian Gestational Diabetes Study Group. Diabetologia. 2000; 43: 848-851.
34. Yang X, Hsu-Hage B, Zhang H., et al Gestational diabetes mellitus in women of single gravid-ity in Tianjin City, China. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25: 847-851.
35. Jang HC, Min HK, Lee H.K., Cho NH, Metzger BE Short stature in Korean women: a contribution to the multifactorial predisposition to gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1998; 41: 778-783.
36. Chasan-Taber L., Schmidt MD, Pekow P, et al Physical activity and gestational diabetes mel-litus among Hispanic women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008; 17: 999-1008.
37. Dempsey JC, Butler CL, Sorensen T.K., et al A case-control study of maternal recreational physical activity and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004; 66: 203-215.
38. Dempsey JC, Sorensen TK, Williams M.A., et al Prospective study of gestational diabetes mellitus risk in relation to maternal recreational physical activity before and during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol. 2004; 159: 663-670.
39. Dye TD, Knox KL, Artal R, Aubry R.H., Wojtowycz MA Physical activity, obesity, and diabetes in pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol. 1997; 146: 961-965.
40. Liu J, Laditka JN, Mayer-Davis EJ, Pate RR Does physical activity during pregnancy reduce the risk of gestational diabetes among previously inactive women? Birth. 2008; 35: 188-195.
41. Oken E, Ning Y, Rifas-Shiman SL, Radesky J.S., Rich-Edwards JW, Gillman MW Associations of physical activity and inactivity before and during pregnancy with glucose tolerance. Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 108: 1200-1207.
42. Retnakaran R, Qi Y, Sermer M., Connelly PW, Zinman B, Hanley AJ Pre-gravid physical activity and reduced risk of glucose intolerance in pregnancy: the role of insulin sensitivity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008; 70(4): 615-622.
43. Zhang C, Solomon CG, Manson J.E., Hu FB A prospective study of pregravid physical activity and sedentary behaviors in relation to the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166: 543-548.
44. Zhang C, Williams MA, Sorensen T.K., et al Maternal plasma ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Epidemiology. 2004; 15: 597-604.
45. Zhang C, Liu S, Solomon C.G., Hu FB Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic load, and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29: 2223-2230.
46. Wang Y, Storlien LH, Jenkins A.B., et al Dietary variables and glucose tolerance in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23: 460-464.
47. Wijendran V, Bendel RB, Couch S.C., et al Maternal plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: relations with maternal factors. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999; 70: 53-61.
48. Bo S, Menato G, Lezo A., et al Dietary fat and gestational hyperglycaemia. Diabetologia. 2001; 44: 972-978.
49. Saldana TM, Siega-Riz AM, Adair LS Effect of macronutrient intake on the development of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79: 479-486.
50. Zhang C, Schulze MB, Solomon C.G., Hu FB A prospective study of dietary patterns, meat intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2006; 49: 2604-2613.
51. Zhang C, Williams MA, Frederick I.O., et al Vitamin C and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. J Reprod Med. 2004; 49: 257-266.
52. Moses RG. The recurrence rate of gestational diabetes in subsequent pregnancies. Diabetes Care. 1996; 19: 1348-1350.
53. Radesky JS, Oken E, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kleinman K.P., Rich-Edwards JW, Gillman MW Diet during early pregnancy and development of gestational diabetes. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2008; 22: 47-59.
54. Egeland GM, Skjaerven R, Irgens LM Birth characteristics of women who develop gestational diabetes: population based study. BMJ. 2000; 321: 546-547.
55. Kim C, Berger DK, Chamany S. Recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 1314-1319.
56. Nohira T, Kim S, Nakai H., Okabe K, Nohira T, Yoneyama K. Recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: rates and risk factors from initial GDM and one abnormal GTT value. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006; 71: 75-81.
57. Poulsen P, Levin K, Petersen I., Christensen K, Beck-Nielsen H, Vaag A. Heritability of insulin secretion, peripheral and hepatic insulin action, and intracellular glucose partitioning in young and old Danish twins. Diabetes. 2005; 54: 275-283.
58. Watanabe RM, Black MH, Xiang A.H., Allayee H., Lawrence JM, Buchanan TA Genetics of gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(SUPPL. 2): S134-S140.
59. Shaat N, Groop L. Genetics of gestational diabetes mellitus. Curr Med Chem. 2007; 14: 569-583.
60. Sato Y, Iguchi A, Sakamoto N. Biochemical determination of training effects using insulin clamp technique. Horm Metab Res. 1984; 16: 483-486.
61. Regensteiner JG, Mayer EJ, Shetterly S.M., et al Relationship between habitual physical activity and insulin levels among nondiabetic men and women. San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1991; 14: 1066-1074.
62. Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung R.W., Paffenbarger RS Jr. Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325: 147-152.
63. Holloszy JO. Exercise-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity. J Appl Physiol. 2005; 99: 338-343.
64. Yki-Jarvinen H., Koivisto VA Effects of body composition on insulin sensitivity. Diabetes. 1983; 32: 965-969.
65. Shulman GI, Rothman DL, Jue T, Stein P., DeFronzo RA, Shulman RG Quantitation of muscle glycogen synthesis in normal subjects and subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. N Engl J Med. 1990; 322: 223-228.
66. Chasan-Taber L., Erickson JB, Nasca P.C., Chasan-Taber S, Freedson PS Validity and repro-ducibility of a physical activity questionnaire in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002; 34: 987-992.
67. Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs DR Jr, Slavin J, Sellers TA, Folsom AR Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 71: 921-930.
68. Montonen J, Knekt P, Jarvinen R., Aromaa A, Reunanen A. Whole-grain and fiber intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 77: 622-629.
69. Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer M.J., et al A prospective study of whole-grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in US women. Am J Public Health. 2000; 90: 1409-1415.
70. Fung TT, Hu FB, Pereira M.A., et al Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002; 76: 535-540.
71. Salmeron J, Hu FB, Manson J.E., et al Dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001; 73: 1019-1026.
72. Feskens EJ, Bowles CH, Kromhout D. Inverse association between fish intake and risk of glucose intolerance in normoglycemic elderly men and women. Diabetes Care. 1991; 14: 935-941.
73. Adler AI, Boyko EJ, Schraer C.D., Murphy NJ Lower prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes associated with daily seal oil or salmon consumption among Alaska Natives. Diabetes Care. 1994; 17: 1498-1501.
74. Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs DR Jr, Folsom AR Dietary fat and incidence of type 2 diabetes in older Iowa women. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24: 1528-1535.
75. van Dam R.M., Willett WC, Rimm E.B., Stampfer MJ, Hu FB Dietary fat and meat intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25: 417-424.
76. Hu FB, van Dam RM, Liu S. Diet and risk of Type II diabetes: the role of types of fat and carbohydrate. Diabetologia. 2001; 44: 805-817.
77. Schulze MB, Hu FB Primary prevention of diabetes: what can be done and how much can be prevented? Annu Rev Public Health. 2005; 26: 445-467.
78. Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Jenkins A.L., Josse RG The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991; 54: 846-854.
79. Rimm EB, Manson JE, Stampfer M.J., et al Cigarette smoking and the risk of diabetes in women. Am J Public Health. 1993; 83: 211-214.
80. Ding EL, Hu FB Smoking and type 2 diabetes: underrecognized risks and disease burden. JAMA. 2007; 298: 2675-2676.
81. Willi C, Bodenmann P, Ghali W.A., Faris PD, Cornuz J. Active smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007; 298: 2654-2664.
82. Anonymous. Smoking during pregnancy-United States, 1990-2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004; 53: 911-915.