Mechanistic issues concerning cancer prevention by tea catechins

Molecular Nutrition and Food Research

Volumn 55, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 819-831

  Yang, Chung S ^a   Wang, Hong ^a  

^a RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal models; Cancer prevention; Mechanisms; Tea

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; CATECHIN; ENZYME INHIBITOR; FLAVONOID; OXIDIZING AGENT; PHENOL DERIVATIVE; PLANT EXTRACT; POLYPHENOLS;

ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; METABOLISM; NEOPLASM; PHYTOTHERAPY; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TEA;

ANIMALS; ANTICARCINOGENIC AGENTS; ANTIOXIDANTS; CATECHIN; ENZYME INHIBITORS; FLAVONOIDS; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; OXIDANTS; PHENOLS; PHYTOTHERAPY; PLANT EXTRACTS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TEA;

ANIMALIA; CAMELLIA SINENSIS; THEACEAE;

EID: 79958075420     PISSN: 16134125     EISSN: 16134133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100036     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. Yang, C. S., Wang, Z. Y., Tea and cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1993, 85, 1038-1049.
2. Yang, C. S., Maliakal, P., Meng, X., Inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2002, 42, 25-54.
3. Ju, J., Lu, G., Lambert, J. D., Yang, C. S., Inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea constituents. Semin. Cancer Biol. 2007, 17, 395-402.
4. Yang, C. S., Wang, X., Lu, G., Picinich, S. C., Cancer prevention by tea: animal studies, molecular mechanisms and human relevance. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2009, 9, 429-439.
5. Higdon, J. V., Frei, B., Tea catechins and polyphenols: health effects, metabolism, and antioxidant functions. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2003, 43, 89-143.
6. Crespy, V., Williamson, G., A review of the health effects of green tea catechins in in vivo animal models. J. Nutr. 2004, 134, 3431S-3440S.
7. Li, N., Chen, X., Liao, J., Yang, G. et al., Inhibition of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters by tea and curcumin. Carcinogenesis 2002, 23, 1307-1313.
8. Wang, Z. Y., Wang, L. D., Lee, M. J., Ho, C. T. et al., Inhibition of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal tumorigenesis in rats by green and black tea. Carcinogenesis 1995, 16, 2143-2148.
9. Yamane, T., Takahashi, T., Kuwata, K., Oya, K. et al., Inhibition of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced carcinogenesis by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in the rat glandular stomach. Cancer Res. 1995, 55, 2081-2084.
10. Murugan, R. S., Mohan, K. V., Uchida, K., Hara, Y. et al., Modulatory effects of black tea polyphenols on oxidant-antioxidant profile and expression of proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis-associated proteins in the rat forestomach carcinogenesis model. J. Gastroenterol. 2007, 42, 352-361.
11. Yin, P., Zhao, J., Cheng, S., Zhu, Q. et al., Experimental studies of the inhibitory effects of green tea catechin on mice large intestinal cancers induced by 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine. Cancer Lett. 1994, 79, 33-38.
12. Orner, G. A., Dashwood, W. M., Blum, C. A., Diaz, G. D. et al., Suppression of tumorigenesis in the Apc(min) mouse: down-regulation of beta-catenin signaling by a combination of tea plus sulindac. Carcinogenesis 2003, 24, 263-267.
13. Suganuma, M., Ohkura, Y., Okabe, S., Fujiki, H., Combination cancer chemoprevention with green tea extract and sulindac shown in intestinal tumor formation in Min mice. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 2001, 127, 69-72.
14. Ju, J., Hong, J., Zhou, J. N., Pan, Z. et al., Inhibition of intestinal tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+mice by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the major catechin in green tea. Cancer Res. 2005, 65, 10623-10631.
15. Hao, X., Sun, Y., Yang, C. S., Bose, M. et al., Inhibition of intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(min/+) mice by green tea polyphenols (polyphenon E) and individual catechins. Nutr. Cancer 2007, 59, 62-69.
16. Ju, J., Liu, Y., Hong, J., Huang, M. T. et al., Effects of green tea and high-fat diet on arachidonic acid metabolism and aberrant crypt foci formation in an azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis mouse model. Nutr. Cancer 2003, 46, 172-178.
17. Shimizu, M., Shirakami, Y., Sakai, H., Adachi, S. et al., (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses azoxymethane-induced colonic premalignant lesions in male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Cancer Prev. Res. 2008, 1, 298-304.
18. Kim, M., Murakami, A., Miyamoto, S., Tanaka, T., Ohigashi, H., The modifying effects of green tea polyphenols on acute colitis and inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis in male ICR mice. Biofactors 2010, 36, 43-51.
19. Kim, M., Hagiwara, N., Smith, S. J., Yamamoto, T. et al., in: Huang, M. T., Osaswa, T., Ho, C.-T., Rosen, R. T. (Eds.), Food Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention, ACS Symposium Series 1994, 546, 51-55.
20. Xu, M., Bailey, A. C., Hernaez, J. F., Taoka, C. R. et al., Protection by green tea, black tea, and indole-3-carbinol against 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline-induced DNA adducts and colonic aberrant crypts in the F344 rat. Carcinogenesis 1996, 17, 1429-1434.
21. Challa, A., Rao, D. R., Reddy, B. S., Interactive suppression of aberrant crypt foci induced by azoxymethane in rat colon by phytic acid and green tea. Carcinogenesis 1997, 18, 2023-2026.
22. Wargovich, M. J., Jimenez, A., McKee, K., Steele, V. E. et al., Efficacy of potential chemopreventive agents on rat colon aberrant crypt formation and progression. Carcinogenesis 2000, 21, 1149-1155.
23. Hirose, M., Yamaguchi, T., Mizoguchi, Y., Akagi, K. et al., Lack of inhibitory effects of green tea catechins in 1, 2-dimetylhydrazine-induced rat intestinal carcinogenesis model: comparison of the different formulations, administration routes and doses. Cancer Lett. 2002, 188, 163-170.
24. Weisburger, J. H., Rivenson, A., Aliaga, C., Reinhardt, J. et al., Effect of tea extracts, polyphenols, and epigallocatechin gallate on azoxymethane-induced colon cancer. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1998, 217, 104-108.
25. Caderni, G., De Filippo, C., Luceri, C., Salvadori, M. et al., Effects of black tea, green tea and wine extracts on intestinal carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in F344 rats. Carcinogenesis 2000, 21, 1965-1969.
26. Yang, C. S., Sang, S., Lambert, J. D., Lee, M. J., Bioavailability issues in studying the health effects of plant polyphenolic compounds. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2008, 52, S139-S151.
27. Lambert, J. D., Lu, G., Lee, M. J., Hu, J. et al., Inhibition of lung cancer growth in mice by dietary mixed tocopherols. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2009, 53, 1030-1035.
28. Lambert, J. D., Lee, M. J., Diamond, L., Ju, J. et al., Dose-dependent levels of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in human colon cancer cells and mouse plasma and tissues. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2006, 34, 8-11.
29. Xiao, H., Hao, X., Simi, B., Ju, J. et al., Green tea polyphenols inhibit colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation and prevent oncogenic changes in dysplastic ACF in azoxymethane-treated F344 rats. Carcinogenesis 2008, 29, 113-119.
30. Volate, S. R., Muga, S. J., Issa, A. Y., Nitcheva, D. et al., Epigenetic modulation of the retinoid×receptor alpha by green tea in the azoxymethane-Apc Min/+mouse model of intestinal cancer. Mol. Carcinog. 2009, 48, 920-933.
31. Wang, Z. Y., Hong, J. Y., Huang, M. T., Reuhl, K. R. et al., Inhibition of N-nitrosodiethylamine- and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced tumorigenesis in A/J mice by green tea and black tea. Cancer Res. 1992, 52, 1943-1947.
32. Xu, Y., Ho, C. T., Amin, S. G., Han, C., Chung, F. L., Inhibition of tobacco-specific nitrosamine-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice by green tea and its major polyphenol as antioxidants. Cancer Res. 1992, 52, 3875-3879.
33. Yang, G. Y., Liu, Z., Seril, D. N., Liao, J. et al., Black tea constituents, theaflavins, inhibit 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. Carcinogenesis 1997, 18, 2361-2365.
34. Chung, F. L., Wang, M., Rivenson, A., Iatropoulos, M. J. et al., Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis by black tea in Fischer rats treated with a tobacco-specific carcinogen: caffeine as an important constituent. Cancer Res. 1998, 58, 4096-4101.
35. Mimoto, J., Kiura, K., Matsuo, K., Yoshino, T. et al., (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate can prevent cisplatin-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. Carcinogenesis 2000, 21, 915-919.
36. Zhang, Z., Liu, Q., Lantry, L. E., Wang, Y. et al., A germ-line p53 mutation accelerates pulmonary tumorigenesis: p53-independent efficacy of chemopreventive agents green tea or dexamethasone/myo-inositol and chemotherapeutic agents taxol or adriamycin. Cancer Res. 2000, 60, 901-907.
37. Liao, J., Yang, G. Y., Park, E. S., Meng, X. et al., Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis and effects on angiogenesis and apoptosis in A/J mice by oral administration of green tea. Nutr. Cancer 2004, 48, 44-53.
38. Schuller, H. M., Porter, B., Riechert, A., Walker, K., Schmoyer, R., Neuroendocrine lung carcinogenesis in hamsters is inhibited by green tea or theophylline while the development of adenocarcinomas is promoted: implications for chemoprevention in smokers. Lung Cancer 2004, 45, 11-18.
39. Lu, G., Liao, J., Yang, G., Reuhl, K. R. et al., Inhibition of adenoma progression to adenocarcinoma in a 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis model in A/J mice by tea polyphenols and caffeine. Cancer Res. 2006, 66, 11494-11501.
40. Zhang, Q., Fu, H., Pan, J., He, J. et al., Effect of dietary Polyphenon E and EGCG on lung tumorigenesis in A/J Mice. Pharm Res. 2010, 27, 1066-1071.
41. Fu, H., He, J., Mei, F., Zhang, Q. et al., Lung cancer inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate is dependent on its presence in a complex mixture (polyphenon E). Cancer Prev. Res. 2009, 2, 531-537.
42. Landau, J. M., Wang, Z. Y., Yang, G. Y., Ding, W., Yang, C. S., Inhibition of spontaneous formation of lung tumors and rhabdomyosarcomas in A/J mice by black and green tea. Carcinogenesis 1998, 19, 501-507.
43. Yang, C. S., Liao, J., Yang, G. Y., Lu, G., Inhibition of lung tumorigenesis by tea. Exp. Lung Res. 2005, 31, 135-144.
44. Lu, G., Xiao, H., You, H., Lin, Y. et al., Synergistic inhibition of lung tumorigenesis by a combination of green tea polyphenols and atorvastatin. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008, 14, 4981-4988.
45. Sato, D., Inhibition of urinary bladder tumors induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine in rats by green tea. Int. J. Urol. 1999, 6, 93-99.
46. Sato, D., Matsushima, M., Preventive effects of urinary bladder tumors induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine in rat by green tea leaves. Int. J. Urol. 2003, 10, 160-166.
47. Lubet, R. A., Yang, C. S., Lee, M. J., Hara, Y. et al., Preventive effects of polyphenon E on urinary bladder and mammary cancers in rats and correlations with serum and urine levels of tea polyphenols. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2007, 6, 2022-2028.
48. Gupta, S., Hastak, K., Ahmad, N., Lewin, J. S., Mukhtar, H., Inhibition of prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice by oral infusion of green tea polyphenols. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98, 10350-10355.
49. Adhami, V. M., Siddiqui, I. A., Ahmad, N., Gupta, S., Mukhtar, H., Oral consumption of green tea polyphenols inhibits insulin-like growth factor-I-induced signaling in an autochthonous mouse model of prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2004, 64, 8715-8722.
50. Caporali, A., Davalli, P., Astancolle, S., D'Arca, D. et al., The chemopreventive action of catechins in the TRAMP mouse model of prostate carcinogenesis is accompanied by clusterin over-expression. Carcinogenesis 2004, 25, 2217-2224.
51. Adhami, V. M., Siddiqui, I. A., Sarfaraz, S., Khwaja, S. I. et al., Effective prostate cancer chemopreventive intervention with green tea polyphenols in the TRAMP model depends on the stage of the disease. Clin. Cancer Res. 2009, 15, 1947-1953.
52. Kavanagh, K. T., Hafer, L. J., Kim, D. W., Mann, K. K. et al., Green tea extracts decrease carcinogen-induced mammary tumor burden in rats and rate of breast cancer cell proliferation in culture. J. Cell Biochem. 2001, 82, 387-398.
53. Whitsett, T., Carpenter, M., Lamartiniere, C. A., Resveratrol, but not EGCG, in the diet suppresses DMBA-induced mammary cancer in rats. J. Carcinog. 2006, 5, 15.
54. Rogers, A. E., Hafer, L. J., Iskander, Y. S., Yang, S., Black tea and mammary gland carcinogenesis by 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rats fed control or high fat diets. Carcinogenesis 1998, 19, 1269-1273.
55. Conney, A. H., Zhou, S., Lee, M. J., Xie, J. G. et al., Stimulatory effect of oral administration of tea, coffee or caffeine on UVB-induced apoptosis in the epidermis of SKH-1 mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2007, 224, 209-213.
56. Srividhya, R., Jyothilakshmi, V., Arulmathi, K., Senthilkumaran, V., Kalaiselvi, P., Attenuation of senescence-induced oxidative exacerbations in aged rat brain by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2008, 26, 217-223.
57. Senthil Kumaran, V., Arulmathi, K., Srividhya, R., Kalaiselvi, P., Repletion of antioxidant status by EGCG and retardation of oxidative damage induced macromolecular anomalies in aged rats. Exp. Gerontol. 2008, 43, 176-183.
58. Schwartz, J. L., Baker, V., Larios, E., Chung, F. L., Molecular and cellular effects of green tea on oral cells of smokers: a pilot study. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2005, 49, 43-51.
59. Hou, Z., Sang, S., You, H., Lee, M. J. et al., Mechanism of action of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: auto-oxidation-dependent inactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor and direct effects on growth inhibition in human esophageal cancer KYSE 150 cells. Cancer Res. 2005, 65, 8049-8056.
60. Yang, G. Y., Liao, J., Kim, K., Yurkow, E. J., Yang, C. S., Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by tea polyphenols. Carcinogenesis 1998, 19, 611-616.
61. Li, G. X., Chen, Y. K., Hou, Z., Xiao, H. et al., Pro-oxidative activities and dose-response relationship of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the inhibition of lung cancer cell growth: a comparative study in vivo and in vitro. Carcinogenesis 2010, 31, 902-910.
62. Lambert, J. D., Kennett, M. J., Sang, S., Reuhl, K. R. et al., Hepatotoxicity of high oral dose (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010, 48, 409-416.
63. Bonkovsky, H. L., Hepatotoxicity associated with supplements containing Chinese green tea (Camellia sinensis). Ann. Intern. Med. 2006, 144, 68-71.
64. Lambert, J. D., Sang, S., Yang, C. S., Possible controversy over dietary polyphenols: benefits vs risks. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2007, 20, 583-585.
65. Na, H. K., Surh, Y. J., Modulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme induction by the green tea polyphenol EGCG. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 46, 1271-1278.
66. Shen, G., Xu, C., Hu, R., Jain, M. R. et al., Comparison of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate elicited liver and small intestine gene expression profiles between C57BL/6J mice and C57BL/6J/Nrf2 (-/-) mice. Pharm. Res. 2005, 22, 1805-1820.
67. Chow, H. H., Hakim, I. A., Vining, D. R., Crowell, J. A. et al., Modulation of human glutathione S-transferases by polyphenon e intervention. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2007, 16, 1662-1666.
68. Tang, L., Tang, M., Xu, L., Luo, H. et al., Modulation of aflatoxin biomarkers in human blood and urine by green tea polyphenols intervention. Carcinogenesis 2008, 29, 411-417.
69. Murray, N. J., Williamson, M. P., Conformational study of a salivary proline-rich protein repeat sequence. Eur. J. Biochem. 1994, 219, 915-921.
70. Fang, M. Z., Wang, Y., Ai, N., Hou, Z. et al., Tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits DNA methyltransferase and reactivates methylation-silenced genes in cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 2003, 63, 7563-7570.
71. Leone, M., Zhai, D., Sareth, S., Kitada, S. et al., Cancer prevention by tea polyphenols is linked to their direct inhibition of antiapoptotic Bcl-2-family proteins. Cancer Res. 2003, 63, 8118-8121.
72. Ermakova, S., Choi, B. Y., Choi, H. S., Kang, B. S. et al., The intermediate filament protein vimentin is a new target for epigallocatechin gallate. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 16882-16890.
73. Li, M., He, Z., Ermakova, S., Zheng, D. et al., Direct inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor kinase activity by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate regulates cell transformation. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2007, 16, 598-605.
74. He, Z., Tang, F., Ermakova, S., Li, M. et al., Fyn is a novel target of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in the inhibition of JB6 Cl41 cell transformation. Mol. Carcinog. 2008, 47, 172-183.
75. Ermakova, S. P., Kang, B. S., Choi, B. Y., Choi, H. S. et al., (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate overcomes resistance to etoposide-induced cell death by targeting the molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78. Cancer Res. 2006, 66, 9260-9269.
76. Shim, J. H., Choi, H. S., Pugliese, A., Lee, S. Y. et al., (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate regulates CD3-mediated T cell receptor signaling in leukemia through the inhibition of ZAP-70 kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283, 28370-28379.
77. Shim, J. H., Su, Z. Y., Chae, J. I., Kim, D. J. et al., Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses lung cancer cell growth through Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1. Cancer Prev. Res. 2010, 3, 670-679.
78. Dong, Z., Ma, W., Huang, C., Yang, C. S., Inhibition of tumor promoter-induced activator protein 1 activation and cell transformation by tea polyphenols, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and theaflavins. Cancer Res. 1997, 57, 4414-4419.
79. Chung, J. Y., Huang, C., Meng, X., Dong, Z., Yang, C. S., Inhibition of activator protein 1 activity and cell growth by purified green tea and black tea polyphenols in H-ras-transformed cells: structure-activity relationship and mechanisms involved. Cancer Res. 1999, 59, 4610-4617.
80. Chung, J. Y., Park, J. O., Phyu, H., Dong, Z., Yang, C. S., Mechanisms of inhibition of the Ras-MAP kinase signaling pathway in 30.7b Ras 12 cells by tea polyphenols (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate. FASEB J. 2001, 15, 2022-2044.
81. Nam, S., Smith, D. M., Dou, Q. P., Ester bond-containing tea polyphenols potently inhibit proteasome activity in vitro and in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276, 13322-13330.
82. Garbisa, S., Biggin, S., Cavallarin, N., Sartor, L. et al., Tumor invasion: molecular shears blunted by green tea. Nat. Med. 1999, 5, 1216.
83. Garbisa, S., Sartor, L., Biggin, S., Salvato, B. et al., Tumor gelatinases and invasion inhibited by the green tea flavanol epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Cancer 2001, 91, 822-832.
84. Annabi, B., Lachambre, M. P., Bousquet-Gagnon, N., Page, M. et al., Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate inhibits MMP-2 secretion and MT1-MMP-driven migration in glioblastoma cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2002, 1542, 209-220.
85. Taniguchi, S., Fujiki, H., Kobayashi, H., Go, H. et al., Effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, the main constituent of green tea, on lung metastasis with mouse B16 melanoma cell lines. Cancer Lett. 1992, 65, 51-54.
86. Pandey, M., Shukla, S., Gupta, S., Promoter demethylation and chromatin remodeling by green tea polyphenols leads to re-expression of GSTP1 in human prostate cancer cells. Int. J. Cancer 2010, 126, 2520-2533.
87. Navarro-Peran, E., Cabezas-Herrera, J., Garcia-Canovas, F., Durrant, M. C. et al., The antifolate activity of tea catechins. Cancer Res. 2005, 65, 2059-2064.
88. + as a coenzyme. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2008, 16, 3580-3586.
89. Ishii, T., Mori, T., Tanaka, T., Mizuno, D. et al., Covalent modification of proteins by green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate through autoxidation. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2008, 45, 1384-1394.
90. Huang, W., Ding, L., Huang, Q., Hu, H. et al., Carbonyl reductase 1 as a novel target of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate against hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2010, 52, 703-714.
91. Larsen, C. A., Dashwood, R. H., Bisson, W. H., Tea catechins as inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases: mechanistic insights and human relevance. Pharmacol. Res. 2010, 62, 457-464.
92. Shimizu, M., Deguchi, A., Hara, Y., Moriwaki, H., Weinstein, I. B., EGCG inhibits activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in human colon cancer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2005, 334, 947-953.
93. Shimizu, M., Shirakami, Y., Sakai, H., Tatebe, H. et al., EGCG inhibits activation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGF-1 receptor axis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett. 2008, 262, 10-18.
94. Vittal, R., Selvanayagam, Z. E., Sun, Y., Hong, J. et al., Gene expression changes induced by green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in human bronchial epithelial 21BES cells analyzed by DNA microarray. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2004, 3, 1091-1099.
95. Mitsiades, C. S., Mitsiades, N. S., McMullan, C. J., Poulaki, V. et al., Inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 tyrosine kinase activity as a therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma, other hematologic malignancies, and solid tumors. Cancer Cell 2004, 5, 221-230.
96. Lo, H. W., Hung, M.C., Nuclear EGFR signalling network in cancers: linking EGFR pathway to cell cycle progression, nitric oxide pathway and patient survival. Br. J. Cancer 2006, 94, 184-188.
97. Liang, Y.C., Lin-shiau, S. Y., Chen, C. F., Lin, J. K., Suppression of extracellular signals and cell proliferation through EGF receptor binding by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. J. Cell Biochem. 1997, 67, 55-65.
98. Shimizu, M., Deguchi, A., Lim, J. T., Moriwaki, H. et al., (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate and polyphenon E inhibit growth and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathways in human colon cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 2005, 11, 2735-2746.
99. Adachi, S., Nagao, T., Ingolfsson, H. I., Maxfield, F. R. et al., The inhibitory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with altered lipid order in HT29 colon cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2007, 67, 6493-6501.
100. Adachi, S., Nagao, T., To, S., Joe, A. K. et al., (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate causes internalization of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human colon cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2008, 29, 1986-1993.
101. Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Tighiouart, M., Lee, J. E. et al., Synergistic inhibition of head and neck tumor growth by green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Int. J. Cancer 2008, 123, 1005-1014.
102. Masuda, M., Suzui, M., Lim, J. T., Deguchi, A. et al., Epigallocatechin-3-gallate decreases VEGF production in head and neck and breast carcinoma cells by inhibiting EGFR-related pathways of signal transduction. J. Exp. Ther. Oncol. 2002, 2, 350-359.
103. Rodriguez, S. K., Guo, W., Liu, L., Band, M. A. et al., Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor angiogenic signaling by disrupting the formation of a receptor complex. Int. J. Cancer 2006, 118, 1635-1644.
104. Shimizu, M., Shirakami, Y., Sakai, H., Yasuda, Y. et al., (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits growth and activation of the VEGF/VEGFR axis in human colorectal cancer cells. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2010, 185, 247-252.
105. Zhu, B. H., Zhan, W. H., Li, Z. R., Wang, Z. et al., (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits growth of gastric cancer by reducing VEGF production and angiogenesis. World J. Gastroenterol. 2007, 13, 1162-1169.
106. Peschard, P., Park, M., From Tpr-Met to Met, tumorigenesis and tubes. Oncogene 2007, 26, 1276-1285.
107. Birchmeier, C., Birchmeier, W., Gherardi, E., Vande Woude, G. F., Met, metastasis, motility and more. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2003, 4, 915-925.
108. Bigelow, R. L., Cardelli, J. A., The green tea catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), inhibit HGF/Met signaling in immortalized and tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. Oncogene 2006, 25, 1922-1930.
109. Larsen, C. A., Bisson, W. H., Dashwood, R. H., Tea catechins inhibit hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET kinase) activity in human colon cancer cells: kinetic and molecular docking studies. J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 6543-6545.
110. Lim, Y. C., Park, H. Y., Hwang, H. S., Kang, S. U. et al., (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits HGF-induced invasion and metastasis in hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett. 2008, 271, 140-152.
111. Milligan, S. A., Burke, P., Coleman, D. T., Bigelow, R. L. et al., The green tea polyphenol EGCG potentiates the antiproliferative activity of c-Met and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 2009, 15, 4885-4894.
112. Tachibana, H., Koga, K., Fujimura, Y., Yamada, K., A receptor for green tea polyphenol EGCG. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2004, 11, 380-381.
113. Umeda, D., Yano, S., Yamada, K., Tachibana, H., Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate signaling pathway through 67-kDa laminin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283, 3050-3058.
114. Hong Byun, E., Fujimura, Y., Yamada, K., Tachibana, H., TLR4 signaling inhibitory pathway induced by green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate through 67-kDa laminin receptor. J. Immunol. 2010, 185, 33-45.
115. Duhon, D., Bigelow, R. L., Coleman, D. T., Steffan, J. J. et al., The polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate affects lipid rafts to block activation of the c-Met receptor in prostate cancer cells. Mol. Carcinog. 2010, 49, 739-749.
116. Fujimura, Y., Yamada, K., Tachibana, H., A lipid raft-associated 67kDa laminin receptor mediates suppressive effect of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate on FcepsilonRI expression. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2005, 336, 674-681.
117. Kuzuhara, T., Sei, Y., Yamaguchi, K., Suganuma, M., Fujiki, H., DNA and RNA as new binding targets of green tea catechins. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281, 17446-17456.
118. Bartel, D. P., MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell 2009, 136, 215-233.
119. Tsang, W. P., Kwok, T. T., Epigallocatechin gallate up-regulation of miR-16 and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2010, 21, 140-146.