Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in cerebrovascular disease

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 16, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1733-1745

  Chrissobolis, Sophocles ^a   Miller, Alyson A ^a   Drummond, Grant R ^a   Kemp Harper, Barbara K ^a   Sobey, Christopher G ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Angiotensin II; Cerebral vascular; Diabetes; Endothelial dysfunction; Hypertension; NADPH oxidase; Oxidative stress; Review; Stroke; Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Indexed keywords

ADPRT PROTEIN, RAT; AMIDASE; ANGIOTENSIN II; DIMETHYLARGININASE; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; NITRIC OXIDE; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANIMAL; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; DISEASE MODEL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; METABOLISM; MITOCHONDRION; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; STROKE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMIDOHYDROLASES; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANIMALS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MITOCHONDRIA; NITRIC OXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASES; PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES; REPERFUSION INJURY; STROKE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE;

EID: 79955000782     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/3816     Document Type: Article

References (128)

1. S. R. Thomas, P. K. Witting and G. R. Drummond: Redox control of endothelial function and dysfunction: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal, 10, 1713-1765 (2008)
2. F. M. Faraci and S. P. Didion: Vascular Protection: Superoxide Dismutase Isoforms In The Vessel Wall. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24, 1367-1373 (2004) (Pubitemid 39050427)
3. S. Chrissobolis, S. P. Didion, D. A. Kinzenbaw, L. I. Schrader, S. Dayal, S. R. Lentz and F. M. Faraci:Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Plays a Major Role in Protecting Against Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Dysfunction. Hypertension, 51, 872-877 (2008) (Pubitemid 351654698)
4. A. A. Miller, G. R. Drummond and C. G. Sobey: Novel isoforms of NADPH-oxidase in cerebral vascular control. Pharmacol Ther, 111, 928-948 (2006) (Pubitemid 44160524)
5. M. Y. Lee and K. K. Griendling: Redox signaling, vascular function, and hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal, 10, 1045-1059 (2008) (Pubitemid 351451709)
6. A. N. Lyle and K. K. Griendling: Modulation of vascular smooth muscle signaling by reactive oxygen species. Physiology (Bethesda), 21, 269-280 (2006) (Pubitemid 44156859)
7. A. M. Briones and R. M. Touyz: Oxidative Stress and Hypertension: Current Concepts. Curr Hypertens Rep, 12, 135-142 (2010)
8. C. Iadecola and R. L. Davisson: Hypertension and cerebrovascular dysfunction. Cell Metab, 7, 476-484 (2008) (Pubitemid 351729202)
9. F. M. Faraci and D. D. Heistad: Regulation of the cerebral circulation: role of endothelium and potassium channels. Physiol Rev, 78, 53-97 (1998) (Pubitemid 28070975)
10. A. A. Miller, K. Budzyn and C. G. Sobey: Vascular dysfunction in cerebrovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic intervention. Clin Sci (Lond), 119, 1-17 (2010)
11. J. Roquer, T. Segura, J. Serena and J. Castillo: Endothelial dysfunction, vascular disease and stroke: the ARTICO study. Cerebrovasc Dis, 27 Suppl 1, 25-37 (2009)
12. C. Zimmermann, M. Wimmer and R. L. Haberl: Larginine- mediated vasoreactivity in patients with a risk of stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis, 17, 128-33 (2004) (Pubitemid 38529188)
13. L. Park, P. Zhou, R. Pitstick, C. Capone, J. Anrather, E. H. Norris, L. Younkin, S. Younkin, G. Carlson, B. S. McEwen and C. Iadecola: Nox2-derived radicals contribute to neurovascular and behavioral dysfunction in mice overexpressing the amyloid precursor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 1347-1352 (2008) (Pubitemid 351397056)
14. S. Chrissobolis and F. M. Faraci: The role of oxidative stress and NADPH oxidase in cerebrovascular disease. Trends Mol Med, 14, 495-502 (2008)
15. A. L. Moens and D. A. Kass: Tetrahydrobiopterin and cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 26, 2439-2444 (2006) (Pubitemid 44607463)
16. F. M. Faraci: Oxidative Stress: The Curse that underlies cerebral vascular dysfunction? Stroke, 36, 186-188 (2005) (Pubitemid 40170778)
17. C. L. Leibson, W. A. Rocca, V. A. Hanson, R. Cha, E. Kokmen, P. C. O'Brien and P. J. Palumbo: Risk of dementia among persons with diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study. Am J Epidemiol, 145, 301-308 (1997) (Pubitemid 27082028)
18. B. Stegmayr and K. Asplund: Diabetes as a risk factor for stroke. A population perspective. Diabetologia, 38, 1061-8 (1995)
19. S. P. Didion, C. M. Lynch, G. L. Baumbach and F. M. Faraci: Impaired endothelium-dependent responses and enhanced influence of Rho-kinase in cerebral arterioles in type II diabetes. Stroke, 36, 342-347 (2005) (Pubitemid 40170820)
20. T. Matsumoto, T. Kobayashi, H. Wachi, Y. Seyama and K. Kamata: Vascular NAD(P)H oxidase mediates endothelial dysfunction in basilar arteries from Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Atherosclerosis, 192, 15-24 (2007) (Pubitemid 46602302)
21. D. Mathe: Dyslipidemia and diabetes: animal models. Diabete Metab, 21, 106-111 (1995)
22. S. A. Phillips, F. A. Sylvester and J. C. Frisbee: Oxidant stress and constrictor reactivity impair cerebral artery dilation in obese Zucker rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 288, R522-R530 (2005) (Pubitemid 40129620)
23. D. M. Arrick, G. M. Sharpe, H. Sun and W. G. Mayhan: Diabetes-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction: role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Microvasc Res, 73, 1-6 (2007) (Pubitemid 46072893)
24. D. M. Arrick, G. M. Sharpe, H. Sun and W. G. Mayhan: nNOS-dependent reactivity of cerebral arterioles in Type 1 diabetes. Brain Res, 1184, 365-371 (2007) (Pubitemid 350160599)
25. S. P. Didion, C. M. Lynch and F. M. Faraci: Cerebral vascular dysfunction in TallyHo mice: a new model of Type II diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 292, H1579-H1583 (2007) (Pubitemid 46380246)
26. L. Park, J. Anrather, P. Zhou, K. Frys, R. Pitstick, S. Younkin, G. A. Carlson and C. Iadecola: NADPH oxidasederived reactive oxygen species mediate the cerebrovascular dysfunction induced by the amyloid beta peptide. J Neurosci, 25, 1769-1777 (2005) (Pubitemid 40279282)
27. K. Hsiao, P. Chapman, S. Nilsen, C. Eckman, Y. Harigaya, S. Younkin, F. Yang and G. Cole: Correlative memory deficits, Abeta elevation, and amyloid plaques in transgenic mice. Science, 274, 99-102 (1996) (Pubitemid 26332733)
28. K. Niwa, K. Kazama, L. Younkin, S. G. Younkin, G. A. Carlson and C. Iadecola: Cerebrovascular autoregulation is profoundly impaired in mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 283, H315-H323 (2002) (Pubitemid 34705353)
29. C. Iadecola, F. Zhang, K. Niwa, C. Eckman, S. K. Turner, E. Fischer, S. Younkin, D. R. Borchelt, K. K. Hsiao and G. A. Carlson: SOD1 rescues cerebral endothelial dysfunction in mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein. Nat Neurosci, 2, 157-161 (1999) (Pubitemid 30491316)
30. X. K. Tong, N. Nicolakakis, A. Kocharyan and E. Hamel: Vascular remodeling versus amyloid beta-induced oxidative stress in the cerebrovascular dysfunctions associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci, 25, 11165-11174 (2005) (Pubitemid 43089561)
31. N. Nicolakakis, T. Aboulkassim, B. Ongali, C. Lecrux, P. Fernandes, P. Rosa-Neto, X. K. Tong and E. Hamel: Complete rescue of cerebrovascular function in aged Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice by antioxidants and pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist. J Neurosci, 28, 9287-9296 (2008)
32. X. K. Tong, N. Nicolakakis, P. Fernandes, B. Ongali, J. Brouillette, R. Quirion and E. Hamel: Simvastatin improves cerebrovascular function and counters soluble amyloidbeta, inflammation and oxidative stress in aged APP mice. Neurobiol Dis, 35, 406-414 (2009)
33. K. Niwa, G. A. Carlson and C. Iadecola: Exogenous A beta1-40 reproduces cerebrovascular alterations resulting from amyloid precursor protein overexpression in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 20, 1659-1668 (2000)
34. M. Chisari, S. Merlo, M. A. Sortino and S. Salomone: Long-term incubation with beta-amyloid peptides impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in isolated rat basilar artery. Pharmacol Res, 61, 157-161 (2010)
35. L. Park, J. Anrather, C. Forster, K. Kazama, G. A. Carlson and C. Iadecola: Abeta-induced vascular oxidative stress and attenuation of functional hyperemia in mouse somatosensory cortex. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 24, 334-342 (2004) (Pubitemid 38314589)
36. G. Wu, Y. Z. Fang, S. Yang, J. R. Lupton and N. D. Turner: Glutathione metabolism and its implications for health. J Nutr, 134, 489-492 (2004) (Pubitemid 38298485)
37. J. F. Reckelhoff and J. C. Romero: Role of oxidative stress in angiotensin-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 284, R893-R912 (2003) (Pubitemid 36406847)
38. R. M. Touyz: Reactive oxygen species as mediators of calcium signaling by angiotensin II: implications in vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal, 7, 1302-1314 (2005) (Pubitemid 41232528)
39. E. J. van Dijk, M. M. Breteler, R. Schmidt, K. Berger, L. G. Nilsson, M. Oudkerk, A. Pajak, S. Sans, M. de Ridder, C. Dufouil, R. Fuhrer, S. Giampaoli, L. J. Launer and A. Hofman: The association between blood pressure, hypertension, and cerebral white matter lesions: cardiovascular determinants of dementia study. Hypertension, 44, 625-30 (2004) (Pubitemid 39435230)
40. K. Kazama, J. Anrather, P. Zhou, H. Girouard, K. Frys, T. A. Milner and C. Iadecola: Angiotensin II impairs neurovascular coupling in neocortex through NADPH oxidasederived radicals. Circ Res, 95, 1019-1026 (2004) (Pubitemid 39532332)
41. H. Girouard, L. Park, J. Anrather, P. Zhou and C. Iadecola: Cerebrovascular nitrosative stress mediates neurovascular and endothelial dysfunction induced by angiotensin II. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 27, 303-309 (2007) (Pubitemid 46143044)
42. C. Capone, G. Faraco, J. Anrather, P. Zhou and C. Iadecola: Cyclooxygenase 1-derived prostaglandin E2 and EP1 receptors are required for the cerebrovascular dysfunction induced by angiotensin II. Hypertension, 55, 911-917 (2010)
43. C. Capone, J. Anrather, T. A. Milner and C. Iadecola: Estrous cycle dependent neurovascular dysfunction induced by angiotensin II in the mouse neocortex. Hypertension, 54, 302-307 (2009)
44. H. Girouard, L. Park, J. Anrather, P. Zhou and C. Iadecola: Angiotensin II attenuates endothelium-dependent responses in the cerebral microcirculation through nox-2- derived radicals. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 26, 826-832 (2006) (Pubitemid 43732158)
45. F. M. Faraci, K. G. Lamping, M. L. Modrick, M. J. Ryan, C. D. Sigmund and S. P. Didion: Cerebral vascular effects of angiotensin II: new insights from genetic models. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 26, 449-455 (2006)
46. J. Kitayama, Y. Chu, F. M. Faraci and D. D. Heistad: Modulation of dilator responses of cerebral arterioles by extracellular superoxide dismutase. Stroke, 37, 2802-2806 (2006) (Pubitemid 44922543)
47. S. Chrissobolis and F. M. Faraci: Sex Differences in Protection Against Angiotensin II-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Manganese Superoxide Dismutase in the Cerebral Circulation. Hypertension, 55, 905-910 (2010)
48. S. P. Didion and F. M. Faraci: Angiotensin II produces superoxide-mediated impairment of endothelial function in cerebral arterioles. Stroke, 34, 2038-2042 (2003) (Pubitemid 36944803)
49. C. G. Sobey and F. M. Faraci: Subarachnoid haemorrhage: what happens to the cerebral arteries? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 25, 867-876 (1998) (Pubitemid 28500825)
50. R. M. Pluta: Delayed cerebral vasospasm and nitric oxide: review, new hypothesis, and proposed treatment. Pharmacol Ther, 105, 23-56 (2005) (Pubitemid 40044766)
51. G. J. Pyne-Geithman, D. N. Caudell, P. Prakash and J. F. Clark: Glutathione peroxidase and subarachnoid hemorrhage: implications for the role of oxidative stress in cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res, 31, 195-199 (2009)
52. D. E. Kim, Y. S. Suh, M. S. Lee, K. Y. Kim, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, K. W. Hong and C. D. Kim: Vascular NAD(P)H oxidase triggers delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Stroke, 33, 2687-2691 (2002) (Pubitemid 35266442)
53. H. K. Shin, J. H. Lee, K. Y. Kim, C. D. Kim, W. S. Lee, B. Y. Rhim and K. W. Hong: Impairment of autoregulatory vasodilation by NAD(P)H oxidasedependent superoxide generation during acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rat pial artery. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 22, 869-877 (2002) (Pubitemid 34747604)
54. J. S. Zheng, R. Y. Zhan, S. S. Zheng, Y. Q. Zhou, Y. Tong and S. Wan: Inhibition of NADPH oxidase attenuates vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Stroke, 36, 1059-64 (2005)
55. L. Quan and C. G. Sobey: Selective effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage on cerebral vascular responses to 4-aminopyridine in rats. Stroke, 31(10), 2460-5 (2000)
56. C. G. Sobey, D. D. Heistad and F. M. Faraci: Effect of subarachnoid hemorrhage on dilatation of rat basilar artery in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 271, H126-H132 (1996)
57. C. L. Allen and U. Bayraktutan: Oxidative stress and its role in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke. Int J Stroke, 4, 461-70 (2009)
58. S. C. Fagan, D. C. Hess, E. J. Hohnadel, D. M. Pollock and A. Ergul: Targets for vascular protection after acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 35, 2220-2225 (2004) (Pubitemid 39129589)
59. C. D. Kontos, E. P. Wei, J. I. Williams, H. A. Kontos and J. T. Povlishock: Cytochemical detection of superoxide in cerebral inflammation and ischemia in vivo. Am J Physiol, 263, H1234-H1242 (1992)
60. C. W. Nelson, E. P. Wei, J. T. Povlishock, H. A. Kontos and M. A. Moskowitz: Oxygen radicals in cerebral ischemia. Am J Physiol, 263, H1356-1362 (1992)
61. Y. Gursoy-Ozdemir, A. Can and T. Dalkara: Reperfusion-induced oxidative/nitrative injury to neurovascular unit after focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke, 35, 1449-1453 (2004) (Pubitemid 38697474)
62. H. Xie, P. E. Ray and B. L. Short: NF-kappaB activation plays a role in superoxide-mediated cerebral endothelial dysfunction after hypoxia/ reoxygenation. Stroke, 36, 1047-1052 (2005) (Pubitemid 40629301)
63. Y. Gursoy-Ozdemir, H. Bolay, O. Saribas and T. Dalkara: Role of endothelial nitric oxide generation and peroxynitrite formation in reperfusion injury after focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke, 31, 1974-1981 (2000) (Pubitemid 30620482)
64. A. A. Miller, G. J. Dusting, C. L. Roulston and C. G. Sobey: NADPH-oxidase activity is elevated in penumbral and non-ischemic cerebral arteries following stroke. Brain Res, 1111, 111-116 (2006) (Pubitemid 44331177)
65. A. Kader, V. I. Frazzini, R. A. Solomon and R. R. Trifiletti: Nitric oxide production during focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke, 24, 1709-1716 (1993) (Pubitemid 23315880)
66. M. J. Cipolla, J. Smith, M. M. Kohlmeyer and J. A. Godfrey: SKCa and IKCa Channels, myogenic tone, and vasodilator responses in middle cerebral arteries and parenchymal arterioles: effect of ischemia and reperfusion. Stroke, 40, 1451-1457 (2009)
67. M. J. Cipolla and L. V. Bullinger: Reactivity of brain parenchymal arterioles after ischemia and reperfusion. Microcirculation, 15, 495-501 (2008)
68. Y. Watanabe, M. T. Littleton-Kearney, R. J. Traystman and P. D. Hurn: Estrogen restores postischemic pial microvascular dilation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 281, H155-H160 (2001)
69. J. Pretnar-Oblak, M. Sabovic, M. Sebestjen, T. Pogacnik and M. Zaletel: Influence of atorvastatin treatment on L-arginine cerebrovascular reactivity and flow-mediated dilatation in patients with lacunar infarctions. Stroke, 37, 2540-2545 (2006) (Pubitemid 44454676)
70. J. Pretnar-Oblak, M. Zaletel, B. Zvan, M. Sabovic and T. Pogacnik: Cerebrovascular reactivity to L-arginine in patients with lacunar infarctions. Cerebrovasc Dis, 21, 180-186 (2006)
71. B. Zvan, M. Zaletel, T. Pogacnik and T. Kiauta: Testing of cerebral endothelium function with L-arginine after stroke. Int Angiol, 21, 256-259 (2002) (Pubitemid 35414748)
72. J. Pretnar-Oblak, M. Sabovic, T. Pogacnik, M. Sebestjen and M. Zaletel: Flow-mediated dilatation and intima-media thickness in patients with lacunar infarctions. Acta Neurol Scand, 113, 273-277 (2006) (Pubitemid 43382602)
73. S. Selemidis, C. G. Sobey, K. Wingler, H. H. Schmidt and G. R. Drummond: NADPH oxidases in the vasculature: molecular features, roles in disease and pharmacological inhibition. Pharmacol Ther, 120, 254-291 (2008)
74. L. R. Castor, K. A. Locatelli and V. F. Ximenes: Prooxidant activity of apocynin radical. Free Radic Biol Med, 48, 1636-1643 (2010)
75. A. A. Miller, G. R. Drummond, H. H. W. Schmidt and C. G. Sobey: NADPH oxidase activity and function are profoundly greater in cerebral versus systemic arteries. Circ Res, 97, 1055-1062 (2005) (Pubitemid 41668919)
76. A. A. Miller, G. R. Drummond, T. M. De Silva, A. E. Mast, H. Hickey, J. P. Williams, B. R. Broughton and C. G. Sobey: NADPH oxidase activity is higher in cerebral versus systemic arteries of four animal species: role of Nox2. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 296, H220-H225 (2009)
77. F. E. Rey, M. E. Cifuentes, A. Kiarash, M. T. Quinn and P. J. Pagano: Novel competitive inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase assembly attenuates vascular O(2)(-) and systolic blood pressure in mice. Circ Res, 89, 408-414 (2001) (Pubitemid 34132656)
78. E. Hamel, N. Nicolakakis, T. Aboulkassim, B. Ongali and X. K. Tong: Oxidative stress and cerebrovascular dysfunction in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Physiol, 93, 116-120 (2008) (Pubitemid 350293970)
79. S. Chrissobolis, B. Banfi and F. M. Faraci: Role of Nox1 and Nox2-Containing NADPH Oxidase and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase In Angiotensin IIInduced Cerebral Endothelial Dysfunction. 5th Joint Meeting of The Societies for Free Radical Research Australasia and Japan & Mutagenesis and Experimental Pathology Society of Australia, 81 (2009)
80. K. A. Jackman, A. A. Miller, G. R. Drummond and C. G. Sobey: Importance of NOX1 for angiotensin II-induced cerebrovascular superoxide production and cortical infarct volume following ischemic stroke. Brain Res, 1286, 215-220 (2009)
81. K. A. Jackman, A. A. Miller, T. M. De Silva, P. J. Crack, G. R. Drummond and C. G. Sobey: Reduction of cerebral infarct volume by apocynin requires pretreatment and is absent in Nox2-deficient mice. Br J Pharmacol, 156, 680-688 (2009)
82. C. E. Walder, S. P. Green, W. C. Darbonne, J. Mathias, J. Rae, M. C. Dinauer, J. T. Curnutte and G. R. Thomas: Ischemic stroke injury is reduced in mice lacking a functional NADPH oxidase. Stroke, 28, 2252-2258 (1997) (Pubitemid 27497931)
83. S. P. Didion, C. A. Hathaway and F. M. Faraci: Superoxide levels and function of cerebral blood vessels after inhibition of CuZn-SOD. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 281, H1697-H1703 (2001)
84. C. G. Sobey, D. D. Heistad and F. M. Faraci: Potassium channels mediate dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to arachidonate. Am J Physiol, 275, H1606-H1612 (1998)
85. W. H. Oldendorf, M. E. Cornford and W. J. Brown: The large apparent work capability of the blood-brain barrier: a study of the mitochondrial content of capillary endothelial cells in brain and other tissues of the rat. Ann Neurol, 1, 409-417 (1977)
86. E. M. de Cavanagh, M. Ferder, F. Inserra and L. Ferder: Angiotensin II, mitochondria, cytoskeletal, and extracellular matrix connections: an integrating viewpoint. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 296, H550-H558 (2009)
87. P. I. Moreira, A. I. Duarte, M. S. Santos, A. C. Rego and C. R. Oliveira: An integrative view of the role of oxidative stress, mitochondria and insulin in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis, 16, 741761 (2009)
88. P. H. Chan: Reactive oxygen radicals in signaling and damage in the ischemic brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 21, 2-14 (2001) (Pubitemid 32036708)
89. K. Murakami, T. Kondo, M. Kawase, Y. Li, S. Sato, S. F. Chen and P. H. Chan: Mitochondrial susceptibility to oxidative stress exacerbates cerebral infarction that follows permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mutant mice with manganese superoxide dismutase deficiency. J Neurosci, 18, 205-213 (1998) (Pubitemid 28046782)
90. R. E. Ayer and J. H. Zhang: Oxidative stress in subarachnoid haemorrhage: significance in acute brain injury and vasospasm. Acta Neurochir Suppl, 104, 33-41 (2008)
91. P. Pacher and C. Szabo: Role of the peroxynitritepoly(ADP-ribose) polymerase pathway in human disease. Am J Pathol, 173, 2-13 (2008) (Pubitemid 351947950)
92. M. L. Modrick, S. P. Didion, C. D. Sigmund and F. M. Faraci: Role of oxidative stress and AT1 receptors in cerebral vascular dysfunction with aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 296, H1914-H1919 (2009)
93. M. L. Modrick, S. P. Didion, C. M. Lynch, S. Dayal, S. R. Lentz and F. M. Faraci: Role of hydrogen peroxide and the impact of glutathione peroxidase-1 in regulation of cerebral vascular tone. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 29, 1130-1137 (2009)
94. F. M. Faraci, M. L. Modrick, C. M. Lynch, L. A. Didion, P. E. Fegan and S. P. Didion: Selective cerebral vascular dysfunction in Mn-SOD-deficient mice. J Appl Physiol, 100, 2089-2093 (2006) (Pubitemid 43845886)
95. C. T. L. Tran, J. M. Leiper and P. Vallance: The DDAH/ADMA/NOS pathway. Atheroscler Suppl, 4, 33-40 (2003) (Pubitemid 38234493)
96. P. Wanby, T. Teerlink, L. Brudin, L. Brattstrom, I. Nilsson, P. Palmqvist and M. Carlsson: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a risk marker for stroke and TIA in a Swedish population. Atherosclerosis, 185, 271-277 (2006)
97. F. M. Faraci, J. E. Brian, Jr. and D. D. Heistad: Response of cerebral blood vessels to an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 269, H1522-7 (1995) (Pubitemid 3005958)
98. H. Dayoub, R. N. Rodionov, C. Lynch, J. P. Cooke, E. Arning, T. Bottiglieri, S. R. Lentz and F. M. Faraci: Overexpression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase inhibits asymmetric dimethylarginine-induced endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral circulation. Stroke, 39, 180-184 (2008)
99. J. T. Kielstein, F. Donnerstag, S. Gasper, J. Menne, A. Kielstein, J. Martens-Lobenhoffer, F. Scalera, J. P. Cooke, D. Fliser and S. M. Bode-Boger: ADMA increases arterial stiffness and decreases cerebral blood flow in humans. Stroke, 37, 2024-2029 (2006) (Pubitemid 44309898)
100. V. Achan, M. Broadhead, M. Malaki, G. Whitley, J. Leiper, R. MacAllister and P. Vallance: Asymmetric dimethylarginine causes hypertension and cardiac dysfunction in humans and is actively metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 23, 1455-1459 (2003) (Pubitemid 36994536)
101. H. Dayoub, V. Achan, S. Adimoolam, J. Jacobi, M. C. Stuehlinger, B. Y. Wang, P. S. Tsao, M. Kimoto, P. Vallance, A. J. Patterson and J. P. Cooke: Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase regulates nitric oxide synthesis: genetic and physiological evidence. Circulation, 108, 3042-3047 (2003) (Pubitemid 37553576)
102. M. Kimoto, H. Tsuji, T. Ogawa and K. Sasaoka: Detection of NG,NG-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase in the nitric oxide-generating systems of rats using monoclonal antibody. Arch Biochem Biophys, 300, 657-662 (1993) (Pubitemid 23232925)
103. K. Y. Lin, A. Ito, T. Asagami, P. S. Tsao, S. Adimoolam, M. Kimoto, H. Tsuji, G. M. Reaven and J. P. Cooke: Impaired nitric oxide synthase pathway in diabetes mellitus: role of asymmetric dimethylarginine and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation, 106, 987-992 (2002) (Pubitemid 34925335)
104. K. Sydow and T. Munzel: ADMA and oxidative stress. Atheroscler Suppl, 4(4), 41-51 (2003) (Pubitemid 38234494)
105. W. G. Mayhan, D. M. Arrick, G. M. Sharpe and H. Sun: Age-related alterations in reactivity of cerebral arterioles: role of oxidative stress. Microcirculation, 15, 225-236 (2008)
106. L. Park, J. Anrather, H. Girouard, P. Zhou and C. Iadecola: Nox2-derived reactive oxygen species mediate neurovascular dysregulation in the aging mouse brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 27, 1908-1918 (2007) (Pubitemid 350129160)
107. J. Kitayama, F. M. Faraci, S. R. Lentz and D. D. Heistad: Cerebral vascular dysfunction during hypercholesterolemia. Stroke, 38, 2136-2141 (2007) (Pubitemid 47012280)
108. A. A. Miller, T. M. De Silva, C. P. Judkins, H. Diep, G. R. Drummond and C. G. Sobey: Augmented Superoxide Production By Nox2-Containing NADPH Oxidase Causes Cerebral Artery Dysfunction During Hypercholesterolemia. Stroke, 41, 784-789 (2010)
109. K. Yamashiro, A. B. Milsom, J. Duchene, C. Panayiotou, T. Urabe, N. Hattori and A. Ahluwalia: Alterations in nitric oxide and endothelin-1 bioactivity underlie cerebrovascular dysfunction in ApoE-deficient mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab (2010)
110. S. Dayal, E. Arning, T. Bottiglieri, R. H. Boger, C. D. Sigmund, F. M. Faraci and S. R. Lentz: Cerebral vascular dysfunction mediated by superoxide in hyperhomocysteinemic mice. Stroke, 35, 1957-1962 (2004) (Pubitemid 38971883)
111. H. Sun, H. Zheng, E. Molacek, Q. Fang, K. P. Patel and W. G. Mayhan: Role of NAD(P)H oxidase in alcohol-induced impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent dilation of cerebral arterioles. Stroke, 37, 495-500 (2006) (Pubitemid 43732013)
112. Q. Fang, H. Sun, D. M. Arrick and W. G. Mayhan: Inhibition of NADPH oxidase improves impaired reactivity of pial arterioles during chronic exposure to nicotine. J Appl Physiol, 100, 631-636 (2006) (Pubitemid 43671618)
113. Q. Fang, H. Sun and W. G. Mayhan: Impairment of nitric oxide synthase-dependent dilatation of cerebral arterioles during infusion of nicotine. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 284, H528-H534 (2003) (Pubitemid 36142879)
114. H. Iida, M. Iida, M. Takenaka, H. Fujiwara and S. Dohi: Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1)-receptor blocker prevents impairment of endothelium-dependent cerebral vasodilation by acute cigarette smoking in rats. Life Sci, 78, 1310-1316 (2006) (Pubitemid 43199951)
115. H. Iida, M. Iida, M. Takenaka, N. Fukuoka and S. Dohi: Rho-kinase inhibitor and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor prevent impairment of endothelium-dependent cerebral vasodilation by acute cigarette smoking in rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst, 9, 89-94 (2008) (Pubitemid 351998216)
116. A. M. Beyer, G. L. Baumbach, C. M. Halabi, M. L. Modrick, C. M. Lynch, T. D. Gerhold, S. M. Ghoneim, W. J. de Lange, H. L. Keen, Y. S. Tsai, N. Maeda, C. D. Sigmund and F. M. Faraci: Interference with PPARgamma signaling causes cerebral vascular dysfunction, hypertrophy, and remodeling. Hypertension, 51, 867-871 (2008) (Pubitemid 351654697)
117. A. M. Beyer, W. J. de Lange, C. M. Halabi, M. L. Modrick, H. L. Keen, F. M. Faraci and C. D. Sigmund: Endothelium-specific interference with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma causes cerebral vascular dysfunction in response to a high-fat diet. Circ Res, 103, 654-661 (2008)
118. M. J. Cipolla, N. Bishop, R. S. Vinke and J. A. Godfrey: PPAR{gamma} activation prevents hypertensive remodeling of cerebral arteries and improves vascular function in female rats. Stroke, 41, 1266-70 (2010)
119. Y. M. Park, M. Y. Park, Y. L. Suh and J. B. Park: NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor prevents blood pressure elevation and cardiovascular hypertrophy in aldosteroneinfused rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 313, 812-817 (2004) (Pubitemid 38021903)
120. K. M. Dunn, M. Renic, A. K. Flasch, D. R. Harder, J. Falck and R. J. Roman: Elevated production of 20-HETE in the cerebral vasculature contributes to severity of ischemic stroke and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 295, H2455-H2465 (2008)
121. S. Kimura, G. X. Zhang, A. Nishiyama, T. Shokoji, L. Yao, Y. Y. Fan, M. Rahman, T. Suzuki, H. Maeta and Y. Abe: Role of NAD(P)H oxidase- and mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species in cardioprotection of ischemic reperfusion injury by angiotensin II. Hypertension, 45, 860-866 (2005) (Pubitemid 40628929)
122. T. Nakamura, E. Yamamoto, K. Kataoka, T. Yamashita, Y. Tokutomi, Y. F. Dong, S. Matsuba, H. Ogawa and S. Kim-Mitsuyama: Pioglitazone exerts protective effects against stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, independently of blood pressure. Stroke, 38, 3016-3022 (2007) (Pubitemid 350041562)
123. J. S. Smeda and J. J. McGuire: Effects of poststroke losartan versus captopril treatment on myogenic and endothelial function in the cerebrovasculature of SHRsp. Stroke, 38, 1590-1596 (2007) (Pubitemid 46684179)
124. J. S. Smeda, J. J. McGuire and N. Daneshtalab: Protease-activated receptor 2 and bradykinin-mediated vasodilation in the cerebral arteries of stroke-prone rats. Peptides, 31, 227-237 (2010)
125. G. W. Kim, T. Kondo, N. Noshita and P. H. Chan: Manganese superoxide dismutase deficiency exacerbates cerebral infarction after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice: implications for the production and role of superoxide radicals. Stroke, 33, 809-815 (2002) (Pubitemid 34207703)
126. A. Kunz, J. Anrather, P. Zhou, M. Orio and C. Iadecola: Cyclooxygenase-2 does not contribute to postischemic production of reactive oxygen species. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 27, 545-551 (2007)
127. A. Kunz, L. Park, T. Abe, E. F. Gallo, J. Anrather, P. Zhou and C. Iadecola: Neurovascular protection by ischemic tolerance: role of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. J Neurosci, 27, 7083-7093 (2007) (Pubitemid 47037566)
128. N. Noshita, T. Sugawara, A. Lewen, T. Hayashi and P. H. Chan: Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase affects Akt activation after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Stroke, 34, 1513-1518 (2003) (Pubitemid 36693527)