Dancing with the dead: Eph receptors and their kinase-null partners

Biochemistry and Cell Biology

Volumn 89, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 115-129

  Truitt, Luke ^a   Freywald, Andrew ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF REGINA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Eph family; EphA10; EphB6; Receptor tyrosine kinase; Ryk

Indexed keywords

EPH FAMILY; EPHA10; EPHB6; RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE; RYK;

ADHESION; AMINO ACIDS; BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES; CELL ADHESION; CELL PROLIFERATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SIGNALING;

ENZYMES;

EPHRIN; EPHRIN A10; EPHRIN B6; EPHRIN RECEPTOR; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CATALYSIS; HUMAN; INFORMATION; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; EPHRINS; HUMANS; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MUTATION; RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES; RECEPTOR, EPHB6; RECEPTORS, EPH FAMILY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 79953756867     PISSN: 08298211     EISSN: 12086002     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/O10-145     Document Type: Review

References (157)

1. Aasheim, H.C., Patzke, S., Hjorthaug, H.S., and Finne, E.F. 2005. Characterization of a novel Eph receptor tyrosine kinase, EphA10, expressed in testis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1723(13): 1-7. PMID:15777695. (Pubitemid 40744666)
2. Adams, R.H., and Eichmann, A. 2010. Axon guidance molecules in vascular patterning. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 2(5): a001875. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a001875. PMID:20452960.
3. Alam, S.M., Fujimoto, J., Jahan, I., Sato, E., and Tamaya, T. 2008. Coexpression of EphB4 and ephrinB2 in tumour advancement of ovarian cancers. Br. J. Cancer, 98(4): 845-851. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604216. PMID:18231102. (Pubitemid 351272606)
4. Alam, S.M., Fujimoto, J., Jahan, I., Sato, E., and Tamaya, T. 2009. Coexpression of EphB4 and ephrinB2 in tumor advancement of uterine cervical cancers. Gynecol. Oncol. 114(1): 84-88. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.03.017. PMID:19356789.
5. Alford, S.C., Bazowski, J., Lorimer, H., Elowe, S., and Howard, P.L. 2007. Tissue transglutaminase clusters soluble A-type ephrins into functionally active high molecular weight oligomers. Exp. Cell Res. 313(20): 4170-1179. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.019. PMID:17707797.
6. Almog, N., Ma, L., Raychowdhury, R., Schwager, C., Erber, R., Short, S., et al. 2009. Transcriptional switch of dormant tumors to fast-growing angiogenic phenotype. Cancer Res. 69(3): 836-844. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2590. PMID:19176381.
7. Andres, A.C., and Ziemiecki, A. 2003. Eph and ephrin signaling in mammary gland morphogenesis and cancer. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia, 8(4): 475-485. doi:10.1023/B:JOMG. 0000017433.83226.22. PMID:14985642. (Pubitemid 39137508)
8. Batlle, E., Bacani, J., Begthel, H., Jonkeer, S., Gregorieff, A., van de Born, M., et al. 2005. EphB receptor activity suppresses colorectal cancer progression. Nature, 435(7045): 1126-1130. doi:10.1038/nature03626. PMID:15973414. (Pubitemid 40910522)
9. Battaglia, A.A., Sehayek, K., Grist, J., McMahon, S.B., and Gavazzi, I. 2003. EphB receptors and ephrin-B ligands regulate spinal sensory connectivity and modulate pain processing. Nat. Neurosci. 6(4): 339-340. doi:10.1038/nn1034. PMID:12640461. (Pubitemid 36373976)
10. Behlke, J., Labudde, D., and Ristau, O. 2001. Self-association studies on the EphB2 receptor SAM domain using analytical ultracentrifugation. Eur. Biophys. J. 30(6): 411-415. doi:10.1007/s002490100164. PMID:11718293. (Pubitemid 32999217)
11. Binns, K.L., Taylor, P.P., Sicheri, F., Pawson, T., and Holland, S.J. 2000. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the kinase domain and juxtamembrane region regulates the biological and catalytic activities of Eph receptors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20(13): 4791-4805. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.13.4791-4805. 2000. PMID:10848605. (Pubitemid 30396126)
12. mlnJ+ tumorigenesis. Int. J. Cancer, 124(6): 1366-1371. doi:10.1002/ijc.24083. PMID:19089910.
13. Brantley-Sieders, D., Schmidt, S., Parker, M., and Chen, J. 2004. Eph receptor tyrosine kinases in tumor and tumor microenvironment. Curr. Pharm. Des. 10(27): 3431-3442. doi:10.2174/ 1381612043383160. PMID:15544526. (Pubitemid 39276627)
14. Brantley-Sieders, D.M., Zhuang, G., Hicks, D., Fang, W.B., Hwang, Y., Cates, J.M., et al. 2008. The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 promotes mammary adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and metastatic progression in mice by amplifying ErbB2 signaling. J. Clin. Invest. 118(1): 64-78. doi:10.1172/JCI33154. PMID:18079969.
15. Brückner, K., Labrador, J.P., Scheiffele, P., Herb, A., Seeburg, P.H., and Klein, R. 1999. EphrinB ligands recruit GRIP family PDZ adaptor proteins into raft membrane microdomains. Neuron, 22(3): 511-524. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80706-0. PMID:10197531. (Pubitemid 29159850)
16. Buchert, M., Schneider, S., Meskenaite, V., Adams, M.T., Canaani, E., Baechi, T., et al. 1999. The junction-associated protein AF-6 interacts and clusters with specific Eph receptor tyrosine kinases at specialized sites of cell-cell contact in the brain. J. Cell Biol. 144(2): 361-371. doi:10.1083/jcb.144.2.361. PMID:9922461. (Pubitemid 29066038)
17. Campbell, T.N., and Robbins, S.M. 2008. The Eph receptor/ephrin system: an emerging player in the invasion game. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 10(1-2): 61-66. PMID:18525107. (Pubitemid 351756579)
18. Campbell, T.N., Davy, A., Liu, Y., Arcellana-Panlilio, M., and Robbins, S.M. 2008. Distinct membrane compartmentalization and signaling of ephrin-A5 and ephrin-B1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 375(3): 362-366. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc. 2008.08.002. PMID:18694724.
19. Cao, J.L., Ruan, J.P., Ling, D.Y., Guan, X.H., Bao, Q., Yuan, Y., et al. 2008. Activation of peripheral ephrinBs/EphBs signaling induces hyperalgesia through a MAPKs-mediated mechanism in mice. Pain, 139(3): 617-631. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.06.023. PMID:18706764.
20. Carmona, M.A., Murai, K.K., Wang, L., Roberts, A.J., and Pasquale, E.B. 2009. Glial ephrin-A3 regulates hippocampal dendritic spine morphology and glutamate transport. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106(30): 12524-12529. doi:10.1073/pnas. 0903328106. PMID:19592509.
21. Castaño, J., Davalos, V., Schwartz, S., Jr., and Arango, D. 2008. EPH receptors in cancer. Histol. Histopathol. 23(8): 1011-1023. PMID:18498077.
22. Cortina, C., Palomo-Ponce, S., Iglesias, M., Fernandez-Masip, J.L., Vivancos, A., Whissell, G., et al. 2007. EphB-ephrin-B interactions suppress colorectal cancer progression by compartmentalizing tumor cells. Nat. Genet. 39(11): 1376-1383. doi:10.1038/ ng.2007.11. PMID:17906625. (Pubitemid 350034995)
23. Davy, A., Gale, N.W., Murray, E.W., Klinghoffer, R.A., Soriano, P., Feuerstein, C., and Robbins, S.M. 1999. Compartmentalized signaling by GPI-anchored ephrin-A5 requires the Fyn tyrosine kinase to regulate cellular adhesion. Genes Dev. 13(23): 3125-3135. doi:10.1101/gad.13.23.3125. PMID:10601038. (Pubitemid 30016112)
24. Dohn, M., Jiang, J., and Chen, X. 2001. Receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is regulated by p53-family proteins and induces apoptosis. Oncogene, 20(45): 6503-6515. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204816. PMID:11641774. (Pubitemid 32980275)
25. Edwards, C.M., and Mundy, G.R. 2008. Eph receptors and ephrin signaling pathways: a role in bone homeostasis. Int. J. Med. Sci. 5(5): 263-272. PMID:18797510.
26. Egea, J., and Klein, R. 2007. Bidirectional Eph-ephrin signaling during axon guidance. Trends Cell Biol. 17(5): 230-238. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2007.03.004. PMID:17420126. (Pubitemid 46679245)
27. Elowe, S., Holland, S.J., Kulkarni, S., and Pawson, T. 2001. Downregulation of the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by the EphB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is required for ephrin-induced neurite retraction. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21(21): 7429-7441. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.21.7429-7441.2001. PMID:11585923. (Pubitemid 32953493)
28. Fabes, J., Anderson, P., Brennan, C., and Bolsover, S. 2007. Regeneration-enhancing effects of EphA4 blocking peptide following corticospinal tract injury in adult rat spinal cord. Eur. J. Neurosci. 26(9): 2496-2505. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007. 05859.x. PMID:17970742. (Pubitemid 350064163)
29. Filosa, A., Paixao, S., Honsek, S.D., Carmona, M.A., Becker, L., Feddersen, B., et al. 2009. Neuron-glia communication via EphA4/ephrin-A3 modulates LTP through glial glutamate transport. Nat. Neurosci. 12(10): 1285-1292. doi:10.1038/nn.2394. PMID:19734893.
30. Flanagan, J.G. 2006. Neural map specification by gradients. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 16(1): 59-66. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.01.010. PMID:16417998. (Pubitemid 43221854)
31. Flanagan, J.G., and Vanderhaeghen, P. 1998. The ephrins and Eph receptors in neural development. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 21(1): 309-345. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.309. PMID:9530499. (Pubitemid 28150666)
32. Fox, B.P., and Kandpal, R.P. 2004. Invasiveness of breast carcinoma cells and transcript profile: Eph receptors and ephrin ligands as molecular markers of potential diagnostic and prognostic application. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 318(4): 882-892. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.04.102. PMID:15147954. (Pubitemid 38625856)
33. Fox, B.P., and Kandpal, R.P. 2006. Transcriptional silencing of EphB6 receptor tyrosine kinase in invasive breast carcinoma cells and detection of methylated promoter by methylation specific PCR. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 340(1): 268-276. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.174. PMID:16364251. (Pubitemid 41827676)
34. Fox, B.P., and Kandpal, R.P. 2009. EphB6 receptor significantly alters invasiveness and other phenotypic characteristics of human breast carcinoma cells. Oncogene, 28(14): 1706-1713. doi:10.1038/onc.2009.18. PMID:19234485.
35. Fox, B.P., and Kandpal, R.P. 2010. DNA-based assay for EPHB6 expression in breast carcinoma cells as a potential diagnostic test for detecting tumor cells in circulation. Cancer Genomics Proteomics, 7(1): 9-16. PMID:20181626.
36. Fox, B.P., Tabone, C.J., and Kandpal, R.P. 2006. Potential clinical relevance of Eph receptors and ephrin ligands expressed in prostate carcinoma cell lines. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 342(4): 1263-1272. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.099. PMID:16516143.
37. Fradkin, L.G., Dura, J.M., and Noordermeer, J.N. 2010. Ryks: new partners for Wnts in the developing and regenerating nervous system. Trends Neurosci. 33(2): 84-92. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.005. PMID:20004982.
38. Freywald, A., and Sharfe, N. 2008. Eph and ephrin proteins in T cell biology. In Recent developments in immunology. Edited by J. Xiang. Transworld Research Network, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. pp. 149-175.
39. Freywald, A., Sharfe, N., and Roifman, C.M. 2002. The kinase-null EphB6 receptor undergoes transphosphorylation in a complex with EphB1. J. Biol. Chem. 277(6): 3823-3828. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108011200. PMID:11713248. (Pubitemid 34968631)
40. Freywald, A., Sharfe, N., Rashotte, C., Grunberger, T., and Roifman, C.M. 2003. The EphB6 receptor inhibits JNK activation in T lymphocytes and modulates T cell receptor-mediated responses. J. Biol. Chem. 278(12): 10150-10156. doi:10.1074/jbc. M208179200. PMID:12517763. (Pubitemid 36800273)
41. Freywald, A., Sharfe, N., Miller, C.D., Rashotte, C., and Roifman, C.M. 2006. EphA receptors inhibit anti-CD3-induced apoptosis in thymocytes. J. Immunol. 176(7): 4066-4074. PMID:16547242. (Pubitemid 44264385)
42. Fu, D.Y., Wang, Z.M., Wang, B.L., Chen, L., Yang, W.T., Shen, Z.Z., et al. 2009. Frequent epigenetic inactivation of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA5 by promoter methylation in human breast cancer. Hum. Pathol. 41(1): 48-58. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.06.007. PMID:19733895.
43. Fukai, J., Yokote, H., Yamanaka, R., Arao, T., Nishio, K., and Itakura, T. 2008. EphA4 promotes cell proliferation and migration through a novel EphA4-FGFR1 signaling pathway in the human glioma U251 cell line. Mol. Cancer Ther. 7(9): 2768-2778. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-2263. PMID:18790757.
44. Gale, N.W., Holland, S.J., Valenzuela, D.M., Flenniken, A., Pan, L., Ryan, T.E., et al. 1996. Eph receptors and ligands comprise two major specificity subclasses and are reciprocally compartmentalized during embryogenesis. Neuron, 17(1): 9-19. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80276-7. PMID:8755474. (Pubitemid 26251587)
45. García-Ceca, J., Jimenez, E., Alfaro, D., Cejalvo, T., Chumley, M.J., Henkemeyer, M., et al. 2009a. On the role of Eph signalling in thymus histogenesis; EphB2/B3 and the organizing of the thymic epithelial network. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 53(7): 971-982. doi:10.1387/ijdb.082702jg. PMID:19598115.
46. García-Ceca, J., Jimenez, E., Alfaro, D., Cejalvo, T., Munoz, J.J., and Zapata, A.G. 2009b. Cell-autonomous role of EphB2 and EphB3 receptors in the thymic epithelial cell organization. Eur. J. Immunol. 39(10): 2916-2924. doi:10.1002/eji.200939437. PMID:19731361.
47. Gauthier, L.R., and Robbins, S.M. 2003. Ephrin signaling: One raft to rule them all? One raft to sort them? One raft to spread their call and in signaling bind them? Life Sci. 74(2-3): 207-216. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.029. PMID:14607248. (Pubitemid 37357052)
48. Genander, M., Halford, M.M., Xu, N.J., Eriksson, M., Yu, Z., Qiu, Z., et al. 2009. Dissociation of EphB2 signaling pathways mediating progenitor cell proliferation and tumor suppression. Cell, 139(4): 679-692. doi:10.1016/j.cell. 2009.08.048. PMID:19914164.
49. Georgakopoulos, A., Litterst, C., Ghersi, E., Baki, L., Xu, C., Serban, G., and Robakis, N.K. 2006. Metalloproteinase/Presenilin1 processing of ephrinB regulates EphB-induced Src phosphoryla-tion and signaling. EMBO J. 25(6): 1242-1252. doi:10.1038/sj. emboj.7601031. PMID:16511561.
50. Giaginis, C., Tsourouflis, G., Zizi-Serbetzoglou, A., Kouraklis, G., Chatzopoulou, E., Dimakopoulou, K., and Theocharis, S.E. 2009. Clinical significance of ephrin (eph)-A1, -A2, -a4, -a5 and -a7 receptors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pathol. Oncol. Res. 16(2): 267-276. doi:10.1007/s12253- 009-9221-6. PMID:19949912.
51. Guan, M., Xu, C., Zhang, F., and Ye, C. 2009. Aberrant methyla-tion of EphA7 in human prostate cancer and its relation to clinicopathologic features. Int. J. Cancer, 124(1): 88-94. doi:10. 1002/ijc.23890. PMID:18821581.
52. Gurniak, C.B., and Berg, L.J. 1996. A new member of the Eph family of receptors that lacks protein tyrosine kinase activity. On-cogene, 13(4): 777-786. PMID:8761299. (Pubitemid 26312905)
53. Hafner, C., Bataille, F., Meyer, S., Becker, B., Roesch, A., Landthaler, M., and Vogt, T. 2003. Loss of EphB6 expression in metastatic melanoma. Int. J. Oncol. 23(6): 1553-1559. PMID:14612926.
54. Hafner, C., Schmitz, G., Meyer, S., Bataille, F., Hau, P., Lang-mann, T., et al. 2004. Differential gene expression of Eph receptors and ephrins in benign human tissues and cancers. Clin. Chem. 50(3): 490-499. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.026849. PMID:14726470. (Pubitemid 38297297)
55. Halford, M.M., and Stacker, S.A. 2001. Revelations of the RYK receptor. Bioessays, 23(1): 34-45. doi:10.1002/1521-1878(200101) 23:1<34::AID- BIES1005>3.3.CO;2-4. PMID:11135307. (Pubitemid 32100499)
56. Halford, M.M., Armes, J., Buchert, M., Meskenaite, V., Grail, D., Hibbs, M.L., et al. 2000. Ryk-deficient mice exhibit craniofacial defects associated with perturbed Eph receptor crosstalk. Nat. Genet. 25(4): 414-418. doi:10.1038/78099. PMID:10932185. (Pubitemid 32983433)
57. Hansen, M.J., Dallal, G.E., and Flanagan, J.G. 2004. Retinal axon response to ephrin-As shows a graded, concentration-dependent transition from growth promotion to inhibition. Neuron, 42(5): 717-730. doi:10.1016/j.neuron. 2004.05.009. PMID:15182713. (Pubitemid 38748787)
58. Hendrickx, M., and Leyns, L. 2008. Non-conventional Frizzled ligands and Wnt receptors. Dev. Growth Differ. 50(4): 229-243. doi:10.1111/j.1440-169X.2008. 01016.x. PMID:18366384. (Pubitemid 351661159)
59. Herath, N.I., and Boyd, A.W. 2010. The role of Eph receptors and ephrin ligands in colorectal cancer. Int. J. Cancer, 126(9): 2003-2011. PMID:20039322.
60. Heroult, M., Schaffner, F., and Augustin, H.G. 2006. Eph receptor and ephrin ligand-mediated interactions during angiogenesis and tumor progression. Exp. Cell Res. 312(5): 642-650. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.10.028. PMID:16330025. (Pubitemid 43290340)
61. Himanen, J.-P., Chumley, M.J., Lackmann, M., Li, C., Barton, W.A., Jeffrey, P.D., et al. 2004. Repelling class discrimination: ephrin-A5 binds to and activates EphB2 receptor signaling. Nat. Neurosci. 7(5): 501-509. doi:10.1038/nn1237. PMID:15107857. (Pubitemid 38544589)
62. Himanen, J.P., Saha, N., and Nikolov, D.B. 2007. Cell-cell signaling via Eph receptors and ephrins. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 19(5): 534-542. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2007.08.004. PMID:17928214. (Pubitemid 350016850)
63. Hirai, H., Maru, Y., Hagiwara, K., Nishida, J., and Takaku, F. 1987. A novel putative tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the eph gene. Science, 238(4834): 1717-1720. doi:10.1126/science. 2825356. PMID:2825356. (Pubitemid 18046274)
64. Hock, B., Bohme, B., Karn, T., Yamamoto, T., Kaibuchi, K., Holtrich, U., et al. 1998. PDZ-domain-mediated interaction of the Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinase EphB3 and the ras-binding protein AF6 depends on the kinase activity of the receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(17): 9779-9784. doi:10.1073/pnas. 95.17.9779. PMID:9707552. (Pubitemid 28415246)
65. Holland, S.J., Gale, N.W., Mbamalu, G., Yancopoulos, G.D., Hen-kemeyer, M., and Pawson, T. 1996. Bidirectional signalling through the EPH-family receptor Nuk and its transmembrane ligands. Nature, 383(6602): 722-725. doi:10.1038/383722a0. PMID:8878483. (Pubitemid 26360649)
66. Holmberg, J., Genander, M., Halford, M.M., Anneren, C., Sondell, M., Chumley, M.J., et al. 2006. EphB receptors coordinate migration and proliferation in the intestinal stem cell niche. Cell, 125(6): 1151-1163. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.04.030. PMID:16777604. (Pubitemid 43866196)
67. Hovens, C.M., Stacker, S.A., Andres, A.C., Harpur, A.G., Ziemiecki, A., and Wilks, A.F. 1992. RYK, a receptor tyrosine kinase-related molecule with unusual kinase domain motifs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89(24): 11818-11822. doi:10.1073/pnas. 89.24.11818. PMID:1334548. (Pubitemid 23004735)
68. Huynh-Do, U., Vindis, C., Liu, H., Cerretti, D.P., McGrew, J.T., Enriquez, M., et al. 2002. Ephrin-B1 transduces signals to activate integrin-mediated migration, attachment and angiogenesis. J. Cell Sci. 115(Pt 15): 3073-3081. PMID:12118063.
69. Irie, F., Okuno, M., Matsumoto, K., Pasquale, E.B., and Yamaguchi, Y. 2008. Heparan sulfate regulates ephrin-A3/EphA receptor signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105(34): 12307-12312. doi:10.1073/pnas.0801302105. PMID:18715996.
70. Irie, N., Takada, Y., Watanabe, Y., Matsuzaki, Y., Naruse, C., Asano, M., et al. 2009. Bidirectional signaling through ephrinA2-EphA2 enhances osteoclastogenesis and suppresses osteoblastogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 284(21): 14637-14644. doi:10.1074/jbc.M807598200. PMID:19299512.
71. Jiang, G., Freywald, T., Webster, J., Kozan, D., Geyer, R., DeCoteau, J., et al. 2008. In human leukemia cells ephrin-B-induced invasive activity is supported by Lck and is associated with reassembling of lipid raft signaling complexes. Mol. Cancer Res. 6(2): 291-305. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-07-0047. PMID:18314490. (Pubitemid 351342417)
72. Jin, M., Komohara, Y., Shichijo, S., Harada, M., Yamanaka, R., Miyamoto, S., et al. 2008a. Identification of EphB6 variantderived epitope peptides recognized by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes from HLA-A24+ malignant glioma patients. Oncol. Rep. 19(5): 1277-1283. PMID:18425388.
73. Jin, M., Komohara, Y., Shichijo, S., Yamanaka, R., Nikawa, J., Itoh, K., and Yamada, A. 2008b. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte B6 variant-derived peptides with the ability to induce glioma-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in human leukocyte antigen-A2+ glioma patients. Cancer Sci. 99(8): 1656-1662. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00866.x. PMID:18754880.
74. Kamitori, K., Tanaka, M., Okuno-Hirasawa, T., and Kohsaka, S. 2005. Receptor related to tyrosine kinase RYK regulates cell migration during cortical development. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 330(2): 446-453. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.177. PMID:15796903. (Pubitemid 40417665)
75. Katso, R.M., Russell, R.B., and Ganesan, T.S. 1999. Functional analysis of H-Ryk, an atypical member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19(9): 6427-6440. PMID:10454588. (Pubitemid 29399346)
76. Kayser, M.S., Nolt, M.J., and Dalva, M.B. 2008. EphB receptors couple dendritic filopodia motility to synapse formation. Neuron, 59(1): 56-69. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.05.007. PMID:18614029. (Pubitemid 351905850)
77. Kelman, Z., Simon-Chazottes, D., Guenet, J.L., and Yarden, Y. 1993. The murine vik gene (chromosome 9) encodes a putative receptor with unique protein kinase motifs. Oncogene, 8(1): 37-44. PMID:8380921. (Pubitemid 23047228)
78. Klein, R. 2008. Bidirectional modulation of synaptic functions by Eph/ephrin signaling. Nat. Neurosci. 12(1): 15-20. doi:10.1038/ nn.2231. PMID:19029886.
79. Konstantinova, I., Nikolova, G., Ohara-Imaizumi, M., Meda, P., Kucera, T., Zarbalis, K., et al. 2007. EphA-ephrin-A-mediated b cell communication regulates insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. Cell, 129(2): 359-370. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.044. PMID:17448994. (Pubitemid 46574973)
80. Kuijper, S., Turner, C.J., and Adams, R.H. 2007. Regulation of angiogenesis by Eph-ephrin interactions. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 17(5): 145-151. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2007.03.003. PMID:17574121. (Pubitemid 46898841)
81. Kullander, K., and Klein, R. 2002. Mechanisms and functions of Eph and ephrin signalling. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3(7): 475-486. doi:10.1038/nrm856. PMID:12094214. (Pubitemid 34733429)
82. Kumar, S.R., Scehnet, J.S., Ley, E.J., Singh, J., Krasnoperov, V., Liu, R., et al. 2009. Preferential induction of EphB4 over EphB2 and its implication in colorectal cancer progression. Cancer Res. 69(9): 3736-3745. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-083232. PMID:19366806.
83. Kung, B., Zhao, H., Hicks, S.L., Tang, X.X., and Ikegaki, N. 2009. Biological significance of EPHA2 expression in neuroblastoma. Int. J. Oncol. 35(4): 845-850. PMID:19724921.
84. Lai, K.O., and Ip, N.Y. 2009. Synapse development and plasticity: roles of ephrin/Eph receptor signaling. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 19(3): 275-283. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2009.04.009. PMID:19497733.
85. Liu, W.T., Li, H.C., Song, X.S., Huang, Z.J., and Song, X.J. 2009. EphB receptor signaling in mouse spinal cord contributes to physical dependence on morphine. FASEB J. 23(1): 90-98. doi:10.1096/fj.08-114462. PMID:18772347.
86. Lugli, A., Spichtin, H., Maurer, R., Mirlacher, M., Kiefer, J., Huusko, P., et al. 2005. EphB2 expression across 138 human tumor types in a tissue microarray: high levels of expression in gastrointestinal cancers. Clin. Cancer Res. 11(18): 6450-6458. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2458. PMID:16166419. (Pubitemid 41338981)
87. Luo, H., Yu, G., Tremblay, J., and Wu, J. 2004. EphB6-null mutation results in compromised T cell function. J. Clin. Invest. 114(12): 1762-1773. PMID:15599401. (Pubitemid 40385532)
88. Luria, V., Krawchuk, D., Jessell, T.M., Laufer, E., and Kania, A. 2008. Specification of motor axon trajectory by ephrin-B:EphB signaling: symmetrical control of axonal patterning in the developing limb. Neuron, 60(6): 1039-1053. doi:10.1016/j.neuron. 2008.11.011. PMID:19109910.
89. Matsuo, K. 2010. Eph and ephrin interactions in bone. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 658: 95-103. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1050-9-10.PMID:19950019.
90. Matsuoka, H., Iwata, N., Ito, M., Shimoyama, M., Nagata, A., Chihara, K., et al. 1997. Expression of a kinase-defective Eph-like receptor in the normal human brain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 235(3): 487-492. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6812. PMID:9207182. (Pubitemid 27326506)
91. Matsuoka, H., Obama, H., Kelly, M.L., Matsui, T., and Nakamoto, M. 2005. Biphasic functions of the kinase-defective Ephb6 receptor in cell adhesion and migration. J. Biol. Chem. 280(32): 29355-29363. doi:10.1074/jbc.M500010200. PMID:15955811. (Pubitemid 41161391)
92. Miao, H., Wei, B.R., Peehl, D.M., Li, Q., Alexandrou, T., Schel-ling, J.R., et al. 2001. Activation of EphA receptor tyrosine kinase inhibits the Ras/MAPK pathway. Nat. Cell Biol. 3(5): 527-530. doi:10.1038/35074604. PMID:11331884. (Pubitemid 32422092)
93. Müller-Tidow, C., Diederichs, S., Bulk, E., Pohle, T., Steffen, B., Schwable, J., et al. 2005. Identification of metastasis-associated receptor tyrosine kinases in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 65(5): 1778-1782. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3388. PMID:15753374. (Pubitemid 40478604)
94. Munarini, N., Jager, R., Abderhalden, S., Zuercher, G., Rohrbach, V., Loercher, S., et al. 2002. Altered mammary epithelial development, pattern formation and involution in transgenic mice expressing the EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinase. J. Cell Sci. 115(Pt 1): 25-37. PMID:11801721. (Pubitemid 34105526)
95. Muñoz, J.J., García-Ceca, J., Alfaro, D., Stimamiglio, M.A., Cejalvo, T., Jiménez, E., and Zapata, A.G. 2009. Organizing the thymus gland. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1153(1): 14-19. doi:10. 1111/j.1749-6632.2008. 03965.x. PMID:19236323.
96. Munthe, E., Rian, E., Holien, T., Rasmussen, A., Levy, F.O., and Aasheim, H. 2000. Ephrin-B2 is a candidate ligand for the Eph receptor, EphB6. FEBS Lett. 466(1): 169-174. doi:10.1016/ S0014-5793(99)01793-7. PMID:10648835. (Pubitemid 30050706)
97. Murai, K.K., and Pasquale, E.B. 2003. 'Eph'ective signaling: forward, reverse and crosstalk. J. Cell Sci. 116(14): 2823-2832. doi:10.1242/jcs.00625. PMID:12808016.
98. Nagaraja, G.M., Othman, M., Fox, B.P., Alsaber, R., Pellegrino, C.M., Zeng, Y., et al. 2006. Gene expression signatures and biomarkers of noninvasive and invasive breast cancer cells: comprehensive profiles by representational difference analysis, microarrays and proteomics. Oncogene, 25(16): 2328-2338. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209265. PMID:16314837.
99. Nakada, M., Niska, J.A., Miyamori, H., McDonough, W.S., Wu, J., Sato, H., and Berens, M.E. 2004. The phosphorylation of EphB2 receptor regulates migration and invasion of human glioma cells. Cancer Res. 64(9): 3179-3185. doi:10.1158/0008-5472. CAN-03-3667. PMID:15126357. (Pubitemid 38581420)
100. Nakada, M., Niska, J.A., Tran, N.L., McDonough, W.S., and Berens, M.E. 2005. EphB2/R-Ras signaling regulates glioma cell adhesion, growth, and invasion. Am. J. Pathol. 167(2): 565-576. PMID:16049340. (Pubitemid 43026110)
101. Nicola, N.A., Viney, E., Hilton, D.J., Roberts, B., and Willson, T. 1996. Molecular cloning of two novel transmembrane ligands for Eph-related kinases (LERKS) that are related to LERK-2. Growth Factors, 13(1-2): 141-149. doi:10.3109/ 08977199609034574. PMID:8804996. (Pubitemid 26193749)
102. Noren, N.K., and Pasquale, E.B. 2004. Eph receptor-ephrin bidirectional signals that target Ras and Rho proteins. Cell. Signal. 16(6): 655-666. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2003.10.006. PMID:15093606. (Pubitemid 38490547)
103. Noren, N.K., Yang, N.Y., Silldorff, M., Mutyala, R., and Pasquale, E.B. 2009. Ephrin-independent regulation of cell substrate adhesion by the EphB4 receptor. Biochem. J. 422(3): 433-442. doi:10.1042/BJ20090014. PMID:19552627.
104. Orioli, D., Henkemeyer, M., Lemke, G., Klein, R., and Pawson, T. 1996. Sek4 and Nuk receptors cooperate in guidance of commissural axons and in palate formation. EMBO J. 15(22): 6035-6049. PMID:8947026. (Pubitemid 26397876)
105. Oshima, T., Akaike, M., Yoshihara, K., Shiozawa, M., Yamamoto, N., Sato, T., et al. 2008. Overexpression of EphA4 gene and reduced expression of EphB2 gene correlates with liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. Int. J. Oncol. 33(3): 573-577. PMID:18695888.
106. Parri, M., Taddei, M.L., Bianchini, F., Calorini, L., and Chiarugi, P. 2009. EphA2 reexpression prompts invasion of melanoma cells shifting from mesenchymal to amoeboid-like motility style. Cancer Res. 69(5): 2072-2081. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-081845. PMID:19244130.
107. Pascall, J.C., and Brown, K.D. 2004. Intramembrane cleavage of ephrinB3 by the human rhomboid family protease, RHBDL2. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 317(1): 244-252. doi:10. 1016/j.bbrc.2004.03.039. PMID:15047175. (Pubitemid 38401991)
108. Pasquale, E.B. 2004. Eph-ephrin promiscuity is now crystal clear. Nat. Neurosci. 7(5): 417-418. doi:10.1038/nn0504-417. PMID:15114347. (Pubitemid 38544565)
109. Pasquale, E.B. 2005. Eph receptor signalling casts a wide net on cell behaviour. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6(6): 462-475. doi:10. 1038/nrm1662. PMID:15928710. (Pubitemid 40780558)
110. Pasquale, E.B. 2008. Eph-ephrin bidirectional signaling in physiology and disease. Cell, 133(1): 38-52. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.03. 011. PMID:18394988. (Pubitemid 351442996)
111. Pasquale, E.B. 2010. Eph receptors and ephrins in cancer: bidirectional signalling and beyond. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 10(3): 165-180. doi:10.1038/nrc2806. PMID:20179713.
112. Pejovic, T., Pande, N.T., Mori, M., Mhawech-Fauceglia, P., Harrington, C., Mongoue-Tchokote, S., et al. 2009. Expression profiling of the ovarian surface kinome reveals candidate genes for early neoplastic changes. Transl. Oncol. 2(4): 341-349. PMID:19956396.
113. Pennisi, A., Ling, W., Li, X., Khan, S., Shaughnessy, J.D., Jr., Barlogie, B., and Yaccoby, S. 2009. The ephrinB2/EphB4 axis is dysregulated in osteoprogenitors from myeloma patients and its activation affects myeloma bone disease and tumor growth. Blood, 114(9): 1803-1812. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-01- 201954. PMID:19597185
114. Petros, T.J., Shrestha, B.R., and Mason, C. 2009. Specificity and sufficiency of EphB1 in driving the ipsilateral retinal projection. J. Neurosci. 29(11): 3463-3474. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5655-08.2009. PMID:19295152.
115. Pfaff, D., Fiedler, U., and Augustin, H.G. 2006. Emerging roles of the Angiopoietin-Tie and the ephrin-Eph systems as regulators of cell trafficking. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80(4): 719-726. doi:10. 1189/jlb.1105652. PMID:16864601. (Pubitemid 44835887)
116. Prevost, N., Woulfe, D., Tanaka, T., and Brass, L.F. 2002. Interactions between Eph kinases and ephrins provide a mechanism to support platelet aggregation once cell-to-cell contact has occurred. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99(14): 9219-9224. doi:10.1073/pnas.142053899. PMID:12084815. (Pubitemid 34764594)
117. Ren, Y., Chan, H.M., Fan, J., Xie, Y., Chen, Y.X., Li, W., et al. 2006. Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo by targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor in human neuroblastoma. Oncogene, 25(25): 3501-3508. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209395. PMID:16449971. (Pubitemid 43901671)
118. Richter, M., Murai, K.K., Bourgin, C., Pak, D.T., and Pasquale, E.B. 2007. The EphA4 receptor regulates neuronal morphology through SPAR-mediated inactivation of Rap GTPases. J. Neurosci. 27(51): 14205-14215. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2746-07. 2007. PMID:18094260. (Pubitemid 351377865)
119. Rivera, J., Lozano, M.L., Navarro-Nunez, L., and Vicente, V. 2009. Platelet receptors and signaling in the dynamics of thrombus formation. Haematologica, 94(5): 700-711. doi:10.3324/haematol. 2008.003178. PMID:19286885.
120. Robinson, D.R., Wu, Y.M., and Lin, S.F. 2000. The protein tyro-sine kinase family of the human genome. Oncogene, 19(49): 5548-5557. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203957. PMID:11114734.
121. Savelieva, K.V., Rajan, I., Baker, K.B., Vogel, P., Jarman, W., Allen, M., and Lanthorn, T.H. 2008. Learning and memory impairment in Eph receptor A6 knockout mice. Neurosci. Lett. 438(2): 205-209. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04. 013. PMID:18450376.
122. Shao, Z., Zhang, W.F., Chen, X.M., and Shang, Z.J. 2008. Expression of EphA2 and VEGF in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: correlation with the angiogenesis and clinical outcome. Oral Oncol. 44(12): 1110-1117. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology. 2008.01.018. PMID:18485799.
123. Sharfe, N., Freywald, A., Toro, A., Dadi, H., and Roifman, C. 2002. Ephrin stimulation modulates T cell chemotaxis. Eur. J. Immunol. 32(12): 3745-3755. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200212) 32:12<3745::AID-IMMU3745>3.0. CO;2-M. PMID:12516569.
124. Sharfe, N., Freywald, A., Toro, A., and Roifman, C.M. 2003. Ephrin-A1 induces c-Cbl phosphorylation and EphA receptor down-regulation in T cells. J. Immunol. 170(12): 6024-6032. PMID:12794130. (Pubitemid 36682583)
125. Sharfe, N., Nikolic, M., Cimpeon, L., Van De Kratts, A., Freywald, A., and Roifman, C.M. 2008. EphA and ephrin-A proteins regulate integrin-mediated T lymphocyte interactions. Mol. Immunol. 45(5): 1208-1220. doi:10.1016/j.molimm. 2007.09.019. PMID:17980912. (Pubitemid 350299492)
126. Simon, A.M., de Maturana, R.L., Ricobaraza, A., Escribano, L., Schiapparelli, L., Cuadrado-Tejedor, M., et al. 2009. Early changes in hippocampal Eph receptors precede the onset of memory decline in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 17(4): 773-786. PMID:19542617.
127. Sithanandam, G., and Anderson, L.M. 2008. The ERBB3 receptor in cancer and cancer gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther. 15(7): 413-448. doi:10.1038/cgt.2008. 15. PMID:18404164. (Pubitemid 351822188)
128. Smalla, M., Schmieder, P., Kelly, M., Ter Laak, A., Krause, G., Ball, L., et al. 1999. Solution structure of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB2 SAM domain and identification of two distinct homotypic interaction sites. Protein Sci. 8(10): 1954-1961. doi:10.1110/ps.8.10.1954. PMID:10548040. (Pubitemid 29489922)
129. Stacker, S.A., Hovens, C.M., Vitali, A., Pritchard, M.A., Baker, E., Sutherland, G.R., and Wilks, A.F. 1993. Molecular cloning and chromosomal localisation of the human homologue of a receptor related to tyrosine kinases (RYK). Oncogene, 8(5): 1347-1356. PMID:8386829. (Pubitemid 23129859)
130. Stapleton, D., Balan, I., Pawson, T., and Sicheri, F. 1999. The crystal structure of an Eph receptor SAM domain reveals a mechanism for modular dimerization. Nat. Struct. Biol. 6(1): 44-49. doi:10.1038/4917. PMID:9886291. (Pubitemid 29232423)
131. Stein, E., Lane, A.A., Cerretti, D.P., Schoecklmann, H.O., Schroff, A.D., Van Etten, R.L., and Daniel, T.O. 1998. Eph receptors discriminate specific ligand oligomers to determine alternative signaling complexes, attachment, and assembly responses. Genes Dev. 12(5): 667-678. doi:10.1101/gad.12.5.667. PMID:9499402. (Pubitemid 28134299)
132. Stimamiglio, M.A., Jimenez, E., Silva-Barbosa, S.D., Alfaro, D., Garcia-Ceca, J.J., Munoz, J.J., et al. 2010. EphB2-mediated interactions are essential for proper migration of T cell progenitors during fetal thymus colonization. J. Leukoc. Biol. 88(3): 483-494. [Epub ahead of print.
133. Surawska, H., Ma, P.C., and Salgia, R. 2004. The role of ephrins and Eph receptors in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15(6): 419-433. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.09.002. PMID:15561600. (Pubitemid 39550453)
134. Taddei, M.L., Parri, M., Angelucci, A., Onnis, B., Bianchini, F., Giannoni, E., et al. 2009. Kinase-dependent and -independent roles of EphA2 in the regulation of prostate cancer invasion and metastasis. Am. J. Pathol. 174(4): 1492-1503. doi:10.2353/ ajpath.2009.080473. PMID:19264906.
135. Tang, X.X., Evans, A.E., Zhao, H., Cnaan, A., London, W., Cohn, S.L., et al. 1999. High-level expression of EPHB6, EFNB2, and EFNB3 is associated with low tumor stage and high TrkA expression in human neuroblastomas. Clin. Cancer Res. 5(6): 1491-1496. PMID:10389937. (Pubitemid 29282957)
136. Tang, X.X., Zhao, H., Robinson, M.E., Cohen, B., Cnaan, A., London, W., et al. 2000. Implications of EPHB6, EFNB2, and EFNB3 expressions in human neuroblastoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97(20): 10936-10941. doi:10.1073/pnas.190123297. PMID:10984508.
137. Tang, X.X., Robinson, M.E., Riceberg, J.S., Kim, D.Y., Kung, B., Titus, T.B., et al. 2004. Favorable neuroblastoma genes and molecular therapeutics of neuroblastoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 10(17): 5837-5844. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR- 04-0395. PMID:15355914. (Pubitemid 39180963)
138. Thanos, C.D., Goodwill, K.E., and Bowie, J.U. 1999. Oligomeric structure of the human EphB2 receptor SAM domain. Science, 283(5403): 833-836. doi:10.1126/science.283.5403.833. PMID:9933164.
139. Ting, M.C., Wu, N.L., Roybal, P.G., Sun, J., Liu, L., Yen, Y., and Maxson, R.E., Jr. 2009. EphA4 as an effector of Twist1 in the guidance of osteogenic precursor cells during calvarial bone growth and in craniosynostosis. Development, 136(5): 855-864. doi:10.1242/dev.028605.PMID:19201948.
140. Torii, M., Hashimoto-Torii, K., Levitt, P., and Rakic, P. 2009. Integration of neuronal clones in the radial cortical columns by EphA and ephrin-A signalling. Nature, 461(7263): 524-528. doi:10.1038/nature08362. PMID:19759535.
141. Torres, R., Firestein, B.L., Dong, H., Staudinger, J., Olson, E.N., Huganir, R.L., et al. 1998. PDZ proteins bind, cluster, and synaptically colocalize with Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands. Neuron, 21(6): 1453-1463. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00) 80663-7. PMID:9883737. (Pubitemid 29022546)
142. Truitt, L., Freywald, T., DeCoteau, J., Sharfe, N., and Freywald, A. 2010. The EphB6 receptor cooperates with c-Cbl to regulate the behavior of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 70(3): 1141-1153. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09- 1710. PMID:20086179.
143. Twigg, S.R., Kan, R., Babbs, C., Bochukova, E.G., Robertson, S.P., Wall, S.A., et al. 2004. Mutations of ephrin-B1 (EFNB1), a marker of tissue boundary formation, cause craniofrontonasal syndrome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(23): 8652-8657. doi:10.1073/pnas.0402819101. PMID:15166289. (Pubitemid 38745826)
144. Vaught, D., Chen, J., and Brantley-Sieders, D.M. 2009. Regulation of mammary gland branching morphogenesis by EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Mol. Biol. Cell, 20(10): 2572-2581. doi:10. 1091/mbc.E08-04-0378. PMID:19321667.
145. Wallis, D., Lacbawan, F., Jain, M., Der Kaloustian, V.M., Steiner, C.E., Moeschler, J.B., et al. 2008. Additional EFNB1 mutations in craniofrontonasal syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 146A(15): 2008-2012. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32388. PMID:18627045.
146. Wang, X.C., Katso, R., Butler, R., Hanby, A.M., Poulsom, R., Jones, T., et al. 1996. H-RYK, an unusual receptor kinase: isolation and analysis of expression in ovarian cancer. Mol. Med. 2(2): 189-203. PMID:8726462. (Pubitemid 26421989)
147. Wang, J., Kataoka, H., Suzuki, M., Sato, N., Nakamura, R., Tao, H., et al. 2005. Downregulation of EphA7 by hypermethylation in colorectal cancer. Oncogene, 24(36): 5637-5647. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208720. PMID:16007213. (Pubitemid 43119357)
148. Wang, J., Li, G., Ma, H., Bao, Y., Wang, X., Zhou, H., et al. 2007. Differential expression of EphA7 receptor tyrosine kinase in gastric carcinoma. Hum. Pathol. 38(11): 1649-1656. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2007.01.030. PMID:17669470. (Pubitemid 47589087)
149. Wang, L.F., Fokas, E., Juricko, J., You, A., Rose, F., Pagenstecher, A., et al. 2008. Increased expression of EphA7 correlates with adverse outcome in primary and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme patients. BMC Cancer, 8: 79. PMID:18366728.
150. Wieacker, P., and Wieland, I. 2005. Clinical and genetic aspects of craniofrontonasal syndrome: towards resolving a genetic paradox. Mol. Genet. Metab. 86(1-2): 110-116. doi:10.1016/j. ymgme.2005.07.017. PMID:16143553. (Pubitemid 41412166)
151. Wieland, I., Jakubiczka, S., Muschke, P., Cohen, M., Thiele, H., Gerlach, K.L., et al. 2004. Mutations of the ephrin-B1 gene cause craniofrontonasal syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 74(6): 1209-1215. doi:10.1086/421532. PMID:15124102. (Pubitemid 38669319)
152. Wybenga-Groot, L.E., Baskin, B., Ong, S.H., Tong, J., Pawson, T., and Sicheri, F. 2001. Structural basis for autoinhibition of the Ephb2 receptor tyrosine kinase by the unphosphorylated juxta-membrane region. Cell, 106(6): 745-757. doi:10.1016/S00928674(01)00496-2. PMID:11572780. (Pubitemid 32900665)
153. Yamazaki, T., Masuda, J., Omori, T., Usui, R., Akiyama, H., and Maru, Y. 2009. EphA1 interacts with integrin-linked kinase and regulates cell morphology and motility. J. Cell Sci. 122(2): 243-255. doi:10.1242/jcs.036467. PMID:19118217.
154. Yu, G., Mao, J., Wu, Y., Luo, H., and Wu, J. 2006. Ephrin-B1 is critical in T-cell development. J. Biol. Chem. 281(15): 10222-10229. doi:10.1074/jbc. M510320200. PMID:16476740. (Pubitemid 43864559)
155. Yu, J., Bulk, E., Ji, P., Hascher, A., Tang, M., Metzger, R., et al. 2010. The EPHB6 receptor tyrosine kinase is a metastasis suppressor that is frequently silenced by promoter DNA hypermethylation in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 16(8): 2275-2283. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2000. PMID:20371680.
156. Zhao, C., Irie, N., Takada, Y., Shimoda, K., Miyamoto, T., Nishiwaki, T., et al. 2006. Bidirectional ephrinB2-EphB4 signaling controls bone homeostasis. Cell Metab. 4(2): 111-121. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.05.012. PMID:16890539. (Pubitemid 44138718)
157. Zhuang, G., Hunter, S., Hwang, Y., and Chen, J. 2007. Regulation of EphA2 receptor endocytosis by SHIP2 lipid phosphatase via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent Rac1 activation. J. Biol. Chem. 282(4): 2683-2694. doi:10.1074/jbc.M608509200. PMID:17135240. (Pubitemid 47076792)