메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 78, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 231-243

Axonal damage in multiple sclerosis

Author keywords

axon; demyelination; multiple sclerosis; myelin; neurodegeneration; neuroimaging; oligodendrocyte; pathogenesis

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; CYTOKINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; N ACETYLASPARTIC ACID;

EID: 79953021632     PISSN: 00272507     EISSN: 19317581     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/msj.20246     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (98)

References (145)
  • 1
    • 0029979038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70257-7
    • Weinshenker BG., Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clin 1996; 14: 291-308. (Pubitemid 26157423)
    • (1996) Neurologic Clinics , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-308
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1
  • 3
    • 38949107656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors and multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70042-5, PII S1474442208700425
    • Ebers GC., Environmental factors and multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7: 268-277. (Pubitemid 351222732)
    • (2008) The Lancet Neurology , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 268-277
    • Ebers, G.C.1
  • 4
    • 48249139449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: An immune or neurodegenerative disorder?
    • Trapp BD, Nave KA., Multiple sclerosis: an immune or neurodegenerative disorder? Annu Rev Neurosci 2008; 31: 247-269.
    • (2008) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 247-269
    • Trapp, B.D.1    Nave, K.A.2
  • 5
    • 33644974688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Current knowledge and future challenges
    • Rovaris M, Confavreux C, Furlan R, et al,. Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: current knowledge and future challenges. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 343-354.
    • (2006) Lancet Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 343-354
    • Rovaris, M.1    Confavreux, C.2    Furlan, R.3
  • 7
    • 0032887020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis. A historical note
    • Kornek B, Lassmann H., Axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis: a historical note. Brain Pathol 1999; 9: 651-656. (Pubitemid 29470958)
    • (1999) Brain Pathology , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 651-656
    • Kornek, B.1    Lassmann, H.2
  • 8
    • 27444441520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory demyelination is not central to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1007/s00415-005-5003-6
    • Brück W., Inflammatory demyelination is not central to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2005; 252 suppl 5 v10-v15. (Pubitemid 41532350)
    • (2005) Journal of Neurology , vol.252 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Bruck, W.1
  • 9
    • 27444444869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathology of multiple sclerosis is the result of focal inflammatory demyelination with axonal damage
    • DOI 10.1007/s00415-005-5002-7
    • Brück W., The pathology of multiple sclerosis is the result of focal inflammatory demyelination with axonal damage. J Neurol 2005; 252 suppl 5 v3-v9. (Pubitemid 41532349)
    • (2005) Journal of Neurology , vol.252 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Bruck, W.1
  • 10
    • 48249102303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of axonal transport in neurodegenerative diseases
    • De Vos KJ, Grierson AJ, Ackerley S, et al,. Role of axonal transport in neurodegenerative diseases. Annu Rev Neurosci 2008; 31: 151-173.
    • (2008) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 151-173
    • De Vos, K.J.1    Grierson, A.J.2    Ackerley, S.3
  • 11
    • 34748819496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of axon degeneration: From development to disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.07.007, PII S0301008207001335
    • Saxena S, Caroni P., Mechanisms of axon degeneration: from development to disease. Prog Neurobiol 2007; 83: 174-191. (Pubitemid 47484043)
    • (2007) Progress in Neurobiology , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 174-191
    • Saxena, S.1    Caroni, P.2
  • 12
    • 0033366384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slowing of axonal transport is a very early event in the toxicity of ALS-linked SOD1 mutants to motor neurons
    • DOI 10.1038/4553
    • Williamson TL, Cleveland DW., Slowing of axonal transport is a very early event in the toxicity of ALS-linked SOD1 mutants to motor neurons. Nat Neurosci 1999; 2: 50-56. (Pubitemid 30488940)
    • (1999) Nature Neuroscience , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-56
    • Williamson, T.L.1    Cleveland, D.W.2
  • 13
    • 0025056563 scopus 로고
    • Precursor of amyloid protein in Alzheimer disease undergoes fast anterograde axonal transport
    • Koo EH, Sisodia SS, Archer DR, et al,. Precursor of amyloid protein in Alzheimer disease undergoes fast anterograde axonal transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87: 1561-1565.
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.87 , pp. 1561-1565
    • Koo, E.H.1    Sisodia, S.S.2    Archer, D.R.3
  • 14
    • 0036047004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal transport, tau protein, and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease
    • DOI 10.1385/NMM:2:2:151
    • Terwel D, Dewachter I, Van Leuven F., Axonal transport, tau protein, and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Neuromolecular Med 2002; 2: 151-165. (Pubitemid 37012502)
    • (2002) NeuroMolecular Medicine , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-165
    • Terwel, D.1    Dewachter, I.2    Van Leuven, F.3
  • 15
    • 0034026912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute axonal injury in multiple sclerosis. Correlation with demyelination and inflammation
    • Bitsch A, Schuchardt J, Bunkowski S, et al,. Acute axonal injury in multiple sclerosis: correlation with demyelination and inflammation. Brain 2000; 123 part 6 1174-1183. (Pubitemid 30312109)
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.6 , pp. 1174-1183
    • Bitsch, A.1    Schuchardt, J.2    Bunkowski, S.3    Kuhlmann, T.4    Bruck, W.5
  • 16
    • 0031002545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/120.3.393
    • Ferguson B, Matyszak MK, Esiri MM, et al,. Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 1997; 120 part 3 393-399. (Pubitemid 27153632)
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , Issue.3 , pp. 393-399
    • Ferguson, B.1    Matyszak, M.K.2    Esiri, M.M.3    Perry, V.H.4
  • 17
    • 0026023073 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation-related immunoreactivity and the rate of transport of neurofilaments in chronic 2,5-hexanedione intoxication
    • Watson DF, Fittro KP, Hoffman PN, et al,. Phosphorylation-related immunoreactivity and the rate of transport of neurofilaments in chronic 2,5-hexanedione intoxication. Brain Res 1991; 539: 103-109.
    • (1991) Brain Res , vol.539 , pp. 103-109
    • Watson, D.F.1    Fittro, K.P.2    Hoffman, P.N.3
  • 18
    • 0030580439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plaque biogenesis in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. I. Progressive changes in phosphorylation states of paired helical filaments and neurofilaments
    • DOI 10.1016/S0006-8993(96)00811-6, PII S0006899396008116
    • Su JH, Cummings BJ, Cotman CW., Plaque biogenesis in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. I. Progressive changes in phosphorylation states of paired helical filaments and neurofilaments. Brain Res 1996; 739: 79-87. (Pubitemid 26387365)
    • (1996) Brain Research , vol.739 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 79-87
    • Su, J.H.1    Cummings, B.J.2    Cotman, C.W.3
  • 19
    • 0027213817 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of neuronal degeneration in the motor cortex of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
    • Nihei K, McKee AC, Kowall NW., Patterns of neuronal degeneration in the motor cortex of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Acta Neuropathol 1993; 86: 55-64. (Pubitemid 23249074)
    • (1993) Acta Neuropathologica , vol.86 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-64
    • Nihei, K.1    McKee, A.C.2    Kowall, N.W.3
  • 20
    • 33748997359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neocortical neuronal, synaptic, and glial loss in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000237551.26858.39, PII 0000611420060926000012
    • Wegner C, Esiri MM, Chance SA, et al,. Neocortical neuronal, synaptic, and glial loss in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2006; 67: 960-967. (Pubitemid 44454585)
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 960-967
    • Wegner, C.1    Esiri, M.M.2    Chance, S.A.3    Palace, J.4    Matthews, P.M.5
  • 23
    • 0033849266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional axonal loss in the corpus callosum correlates with cerebral white matter lesion volume and distribution in multiple sclerosis
    • Evangelou N, Konz D, Esiri MM, et al,. Regional axonal loss in the corpus callosum correlates with cerebral white matter lesion volume and distribution in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2000; 123 part 9 1845-1849. (Pubitemid 30664287)
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.9 , pp. 1845-1849
    • Evangelou, N.1    Konz, D.2    Esiri, M.M.3    Smith, S.4    Palace, J.5    Matthews, P.M.6
  • 25
    • 33645544148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate receptors in neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease
    • Bolton C, Paul C., Glutamate receptors in neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease. Mediators Inflamm 2006; 2006: 93684.
    • (2006) Mediators Inflamm , vol.2006 , pp. 93684
    • Bolton, C.1    Paul, C.2
  • 26
    • 5444240076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent neuropathological findings in MS-implications for diagnosis and therapy
    • suppl 4
    • Lassmann H., Recent neuropathological findings in MS-implications for diagnosis and therapy. J Neurol 2004; 251 suppl 4 IV2-IV5.
    • (2004) J Neurol , vol.251
    • Lassmann, H.1
  • 27
    • 0024409098 scopus 로고
    • Axonal dystrophy as a consequence of long-term demyelination
    • Raine CS, Cross AH., Axonal dystrophy as a consequence of long-term demyelination. Lab Invest 1989; 60: 714-725. (Pubitemid 19154520)
    • (1989) Laboratory Investigation , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 714-725
    • Raine, C.S.1    Cross, A.H.2
  • 28
    • 33646817416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age increases axon loss associated with primary demyelination in cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57BL/6 mice
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.03.002, PII S0165572806000828
    • Irvine KA, Blakemore WF., Age increases axon loss associated with primary demyelination in cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57BL/6 mice. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 175: 69-76. (Pubitemid 43765747)
    • (2006) Journal of Neuroimmunology , vol.175 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 69-76
    • Irvine, K.-A.1    Blakemore, W.F.2
  • 29
    • 44949177395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remyelination protects axons from demyelination-associated axon degeneration
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awn080
    • Irvine KA, Blakemore WF., Remyelination protects axons from demyelination-associated axon degeneration. Brain 2008; 131 part 6 1464-1477. (Pubitemid 351806463)
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , Issue.6 , pp. 1464-1477
    • Irvine, K.A.1    Blakemore, W.F.2
  • 30
    • 77950862182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Candidate mechanisms underlying CNS atrophy
    • Siffrin V, Vogt J, Radbruch H, et al,. Multiple sclerosis: candidate mechanisms underlying CNS atrophy. Trends Neurosci 2010; 33: 202-210.
    • (2010) Trends Neurosci , vol.33 , pp. 202-210
    • Siffrin, V.1    Vogt, J.2    Radbruch, H.3
  • 34
    • 0034842126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.1123
    • Peterson JW, Bø L, Mørk S, et al,. Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 389-400. (Pubitemid 32848742)
    • (2001) Annals of Neurology , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 389-400
    • Peterson, J.W.1    Bo, L.2    Mork, S.3    Chang, A.4    Trapp, B.D.5
  • 35
    • 0042123685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracortical multiple sclerosis lesions are not associated with increased lymphocyte infiltration
    • DOI 10.1191/1352458503ms917oa
    • Bø L, Vedeler CA, Nyland H, et al,. Intracortical multiple sclerosis lesions are not associated with increased lymphocyte infiltration. Mult Scler 2003; 9: 323-331. (Pubitemid 36958014)
    • (2003) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 323-331
    • Bo, L.1    Vedeler, C.A.2    Nyland, H.3    Trapp, B.D.4    Mork, S.J.5
  • 37
    • 33749488304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetization transfer MRI metrics predict the accumulation of disability 8 years later in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awl208
    • Agosta F, Rovaris M, Pagani E, et al,. Magnetization transfer MRI metrics predict the accumulation of disability 8 years later in patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 2006; 129: 2620-2627. (Pubitemid 44522095)
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , Issue.10 , pp. 2620-2627
    • Agosta, F.1    Rovaris, M.2    Pagani, E.3    Sormani, M.P.4    Comi, G.5    Filippi, M.6
  • 38
    • 54849431592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gray matter atrophy is related to long-term disability in multiple sclerosis
    • [published correction appears in Ann Neurol 2009;65:232:]
    • Fisniku LK, Chard DT, Jackson JS, et al,. Gray matter atrophy is related to long-term disability in multiple sclerosis [published correction appears in Ann Neurol 2009;65:232:]. Ann Neurol 2008; 64: 247-254.
    • (2008) Ann Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 247-254
    • Fisniku, L.K.1    Chard, D.T.2    Jackson, J.S.3
  • 39
    • 54849431166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study
    • Fisher E, Lee JC, Nakamura K, et al,. Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study. Ann Neurol 2008; 64: 255-265.
    • (2008) Ann Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 255-265
    • Fisher, E.1    Lee, J.C.2    Nakamura, K.3
  • 43
    • 56349101474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal loss and gray matter pathology as a direct result of autoimmunity to neurofilaments
    • Huizinga R, Gerritsen W, Heijmans N, et al,. Axonal loss and gray matter pathology as a direct result of autoimmunity to neurofilaments. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 32: 461-470.
    • (2008) Neurobiol Dis , vol.32 , pp. 461-470
    • Huizinga, R.1    Gerritsen, W.2    Heijmans, N.3
  • 44
    • 34249700046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awm038
    • Magliozzi R, Howell O, Vora A, et al,. Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology. Brain 2007; 130: 1089-1104. (Pubitemid 47355604)
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , Issue.4 , pp. 1089-1104
    • Magliozzi, R.1    Howell, O.2    Vora, A.3    Serafini, B.4    Nicholas, R.5    Puopolo, M.6    Reynolds, R.7    Aloisi, F.8
  • 45
    • 78149481589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningeal T cells associate with diffuse axonal loss in multiple sclerosis spinal cords
    • Androdias G, Reynolds R, Chanal M, et al,. Meningeal T cells associate with diffuse axonal loss in multiple sclerosis spinal cords. Ann Neurol 2010; 68: 465-476.
    • (2010) Ann Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 465-476
    • Androdias, G.1    Reynolds, R.2    Chanal, M.3
  • 46
    • 66549130329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains
    • Frischer JM, Bramow S, Dal-Bianco A, et al,. The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains. Brain 2009; 132: 1175-1189.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 1175-1189
    • Frischer, J.M.1    Bramow, S.2    Dal-Bianco, A.3
  • 47
    • 66549110162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greater loss of axons in primary progressive multiple sclerosis plaques compared to secondary progressive disease
    • Tallantyre EC, Bø L, Al-Rawashdeh O, et al,. Greater loss of axons in primary progressive multiple sclerosis plaques compared to secondary progressive disease. Brain 2009; 132: 1190-1199.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 1190-1199
    • Tallantyre, E.C.1    Bø, L.2    Al-Rawashdeh, O.3
  • 51
    • 77949873025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myelination and the trophic support of long axons
    • Nave, KA., Myelination and the trophic support of long axons. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010; 11: 275-283.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 275-283
    • Nave, K.A.1
  • 52
    • 0001710321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI in multiple sclerosis: Correlation with expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
    • Barkhof F., MRI in multiple sclerosis: correlation with expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Mult Scler 1999; 5: 283-286. (Pubitemid 29405626)
    • (1999) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 283-286
    • Barkhof, F.1
  • 53
    • 0028132773 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the pathology of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Revesz T, Kidd D, Thompson AJ, et al,. A comparison of the pathology of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1994; 117 part 4 759-765. (Pubitemid 24281838)
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , Issue.4 , pp. 759-765
    • Revesz, T.1    Kidd, D.2    Thompson, A.J.3    Barnard, R.O.4    McDonald, W.I.5
  • 54
    • 0026100007 scopus 로고
    • Major differences in the dynamics of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Thompson AJ, Kermode AG, Wicks D, et al,. Major differences in the dynamics of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1991; 29: 53-62.
    • (1991) Ann Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 53-62
    • Thompson, A.J.1    Kermode, A.G.2    Wicks, D.3
  • 55
    • 0034676548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relapses and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis
    • Confavreux C, Vukusic S, Moreau T, et al,. Relapses and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1430-1438.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 1430-1438
    • Confavreux, C.1    Vukusic, S.2    Moreau, T.3
  • 59
    • 0347989166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectroscopic axonal damage of the right locus coeruleus relates to selective attention impairment in early stage relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awh002
    • Gadea M, Martínez-Bisbal MC, Marti-Bonmatí L, et al,. Spectroscopic axonal damage of the right locus coeruleus relates to selective attention impairment in early stage relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Brain 2004; 127: 89-98. (Pubitemid 38055348)
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-98
    • Gadea, M.1    Martinez-Bisbal, M.C.2    Marti-Bonmati, L.3    Espert, R.4    Casanova, B.5    Coret, F.6    Celda, B.7
  • 60
    • 0034776005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dysfunction lateralizes with NAA in multiple sclerosis
    • Pan JW, Krupp LB, Elkins LE, et al,. Cognitive dysfunction lateralizes with NAA in multiple sclerosis. Appl Neuropsychol 2001; 8: 155-160. (Pubitemid 32976967)
    • (2001) Applied Neuropsychology , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 155-160
    • Pan, J.W.1    Krupp, L.B.2    Elkins, L.E.3    Coyle, P.K.4
  • 61
    • 80052654094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis is associated to different patterns of gray matter atrophy according to clinical phenotype
    • doi:10.1002/hbm.21125
    • Riccitelli G, Rocca MA, Pagani E, et al,. Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis is associated to different patterns of gray matter atrophy according to clinical phenotype. Hum Brain Mapp 2010; doi:10.1002/hbm.21125.
    • (2010) Hum Brain Mapp
    • Riccitelli, G.1    Rocca, M.A.2    Pagani, E.3
  • 62
    • 77956178243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smaller cornu ammonis 2-3/dentate gyrus volumes and elevated cortisol in multiple sclerosis patients with depressive symptoms
    • Gold SM, Kern KC, O'Connor MF, et al,. Smaller cornu ammonis 2-3/dentate gyrus volumes and elevated cortisol in multiple sclerosis patients with depressive symptoms. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 68: 553-559.
    • (2010) Biol Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 553-559
    • Gold, S.M.1    Kern, K.C.2    O'Connor, M.F.3
  • 63
    • 0036145606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heightened intrathecal release of axonal cytoskeletal proteins in multiple sclerosis is associated with progressive disease and clinical disability
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-5728(01)00455-6, PII S0165572801004556
    • Semra YK, Seidi OA, Sharief MK., Heightened intrathecal release of axonal cytoskeletal proteins in multiple sclerosis is associated with progressive disease and clinical disability. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 122: 132-139. (Pubitemid 34075499)
    • (2002) Journal of Neuroimmunology , vol.122 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 132-139
    • Semra, Y.K.1    Seidi, O.A.2    Sharief, M.K.3
  • 66
    • 0346103689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurofilament light protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein as biological markers in MS
    • Malmeström C, Haghighi S, Rosengren L, et al,. Neurofilament light protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein as biological markers in MS. Neurology 2003; 61: 1720-1725. (Pubitemid 38020818)
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , Issue.12 , pp. 1720-1725
    • Malmestrom, C.1    Haghighi, S.2    Rosengren, L.3    Andersen, O.4    Lycke, J.5
  • 67
    • 67649472442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
    • BioMS Study Group
    • Tumani H, Hartung HP, Hemmer B, et al,; BioMS Study Group. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 35: 117-127.
    • (2009) Neurobiol Dis , vol.35 , pp. 117-127
    • Tumani, H.1    Hartung, H.P.2    Hemmer, B.3
  • 68
    • 70349449873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis lesions: Insights from imaging techniques
    • Tomassini V, Palace J., Multiple sclerosis lesions: insights from imaging techniques. Expert Rev Neurother 2009; 9: 1341-1359.
    • (2009) Expert Rev Neurother , vol.9 , pp. 1341-1359
    • Tomassini, V.1    Palace, J.2
  • 69
    • 33947210015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gray and normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis: An MRI perspective
    • DOI 10.1586/14737175.7.3.271
    • Vrenken H, Geurts JJ., Gray and normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis: an MRI perspective. Expert Rev Neurother 2007; 7: 271-279. (Pubitemid 46434175)
    • (2007) Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-279
    • Vrenken, H.1    Geurts, J.J.G.2
  • 71
    • 0033544320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the brain parenchymal fraction to measure whole brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS
    • Rudick RA, Fisher E, Lee JC, et al,. Use of the brain parenchymal fraction to measure whole brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS. Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group. Neurology 1999; 53: 1698-1704. (Pubitemid 29530342)
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.8 , pp. 1698-1704
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Fisher, E.2    Lee, J.-C.3    Simon, J.4    Jacobs, L.5
  • 72
    • 45849104594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A voxel-based morphometry study of grey matter loss in MS patients with different clinical phenotypes
    • Ceccarelli A, Rocca MA, Pagani E, et al,. A voxel-based morphometry study of grey matter loss in MS patients with different clinical phenotypes. Neuroimage 2008; 42: 315-322.
    • (2008) Neuroimage , vol.42 , pp. 315-322
    • Ceccarelli, A.1    Rocca, M.A.2    Pagani, E.3
  • 73
    • 20744442122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: Improved detection with 3D double inversion-recovery MR imaging
    • DOI 10.1148/radiol.2361040450
    • Geurts JJ, Pouwels PJ, Uitdehaag BM, et al,. Intracortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: improved detection with 3D double inversion-recovery MR imaging. Radiology 2005; 236: 254-260. (Pubitemid 40853320)
    • (2005) Radiology , vol.236 , Issue.1 , pp. 254-260
    • Geurts, J.J.G.1    Pouwels, P.J.W.2    Uitdehaag, B.M.J.3    Polman, C.H.4    Barkhof, F.5    Castelijns, J.A.6
  • 78
    • 0035852809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis
    • Filippi M, Cercignani M, Inglese M, et al,. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2001; 56: 304-311. (Pubitemid 32144139)
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 304-311
    • Filippi, M.1    Cercignani, M.2    Inglese, M.3    Horsfield, M.A.4    Comi, G.5
  • 79
    • 0037196878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dysfunction in patients with mildly disabling relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: An exploratory study with diffusion tensor MR imaging
    • PII S0022510X01006906
    • Rovaris M, Iannucci G, Falautano M, et al,. Cognitive dysfunction in patients with mildly disabling relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: an exploratory study with diffusion tensor MR imaging. J Neurol Sci 2002; 195: 103-109. (Pubitemid 34202286)
    • (2002) Journal of the Neurological Sciences , vol.195 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-109
    • Rovaris, M.1    Iannucci, G.2    Falautano, M.3    Possa, F.4    Martinelli, V.5    Comi, G.6    Filippi, M.7
  • 80
    • 77950278295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain tissue sodium concentration in multiple sclerosis: A sodium imaging study at 3 tesla
    • Inglese M, Madelin G, Oesingmann N, et al,. Brain tissue sodium concentration in multiple sclerosis: a sodium imaging study at 3 tesla. Brain 2010; 133: 847-857.
    • (2010) Brain , vol.133 , pp. 847-857
    • Inglese, M.1    Madelin, G.2    Oesingmann, N.3
  • 81
    • 33751180140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal conduction and injury in multiple sclerosis: The role of sodium channels
    • Waxman SG., Axonal conduction and injury in multiple sclerosis: the role of sodium channels. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006; 7: 932-941.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 932-941
    • Waxman, S.G.1
  • 82
    • 0025295740 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain in vivo in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis: Assessment of the load of disease
    • DOI 10.1002/mrm.1910140115
    • Arnold DL, Matthews PM, Francis G, et al,. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain in vivo in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis: assessment of the load of disease. Magn Reson Med 1990; 14: 154-159. (Pubitemid 20243873)
    • (1990) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 154-159
    • Arnold, D.L.1    Matthews, P.M.2    Francis, G.3    Antel, J.4
  • 83
    • 0025188002 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis
    • Wolinsky JS, Narayana PA, Fenstermacher MJ., Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1990; 40: 1764-1769. (Pubitemid 20383148)
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , Issue.11 , pp. 1764-1769
    • Wolinsky, J.S.1    Narayana, P.A.2    Fenstermacher, M.J.3
  • 84
    • 0026000851 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical localization of N-acetyl-aspartate with monoclonal antibodies
    • Simmons ML, Frondoza CG, Coyle JT., Immunocytochemical localization of N-acetyl-aspartate with monoclonal antibodies. Neuroscience 1991; 45: 37-45.
    • (1991) Neuroscience , vol.45 , pp. 37-45
    • Simmons, M.L.1    Frondoza, C.G.2    Coyle, J.T.3
  • 85
    • 34147143002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2007.00130.x
    • De Stefano N, Battaglini M, Smith SM., Measuring brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 2007; 17 suppl 1 10S-15S. (Pubitemid 46558262)
    • (2007) Journal of Neuroimaging , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • De Stefano, N.1    Battaglini, M.2    Smith, S.M.3
  • 89
    • 0025800033 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for metabolic characterization of plaques in multiple sclerosis [published correction appears in Neurology 1991;41:1828:]
    • Matthews PM, Francis G, Antel J, et al,. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for metabolic characterization of plaques in multiple sclerosis [published correction appears in Neurology 1991;41:1828:]. Neurology 1991; 41: 1251-1256.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1251-1256
    • Matthews, P.M.1    Francis, G.2    Antel, J.3
  • 91
    • 0033663894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients
    • Bjartmar C, Kidd G, Mörk S, et al,. Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2000; 48: 893-901.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 893-901
    • Bjartmar, C.1    Kidd, G.2    Mörk, S.3
  • 94
    • 58849146101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype-Phenotype correlations in multiple sclerosis: HLA genes influence disease severity inferred by 1HMR spectroscopy and MRI measures
    • Okuda DT, Srinivasan R, Oksenberg JR, et al,. Genotype-Phenotype correlations in multiple sclerosis: HLA genes influence disease severity inferred by 1HMR spectroscopy and MRI measures. Brain 2009; 132: 250-259.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 250-259
    • Okuda, D.T.1    Srinivasan, R.2    Oksenberg, J.R.3
  • 97
    • 54049118835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cerebrospinal fluid lactate is decreased in early stages of multiple sclerosis
    • Fonalledas Perellõ MA, Politi JV, Dallo Lizarraga MA, et al,. The cerebrospinal fluid lactate is decreased in early stages of multiple sclerosis. P R Health Sci J 2008; 27: 171-174.
    • (2008) P R Health Sci J , vol.27 , pp. 171-174
    • Fonalledas Perellõ, M.A.1    Politi, J.V.2    Dallo Lizarraga, M.A.3
  • 99
    • 34548181266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low choline concentrations in normal-appearing white matter of patients with multiple sclerosis and normal MR imaging brain scans
    • DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A0580
    • Gustafsson MC, Dahlqvist O, Jaworski J, et al,. Low choline concentrations in normal-appearing white matter of patients with multiple sclerosis and normal MR imaging brain scans. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28: 1306-1312. (Pubitemid 47309664)
    • (2007) American Journal of Neuroradiology , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 1306-1312
    • Gustafsson, M.C.1    Dahlqvist, O.2    Jaworski, J.3    Lundberg, P.4    Landtblom, A.-M.E.5
  • 101
    • 0027749707 scopus 로고
    • Multinuclear NMR studies on the energy metabolism of glial and neuronal cells
    • Brand A, Richter-Landsberg C, Leibfritz D., Multinuclear NMR studies on the energy metabolism of glial and neuronal cells. Dev Neurosci 1993; 15: 289-298. (Pubitemid 24258162)
    • (1993) Developmental Neuroscience , vol.15 , Issue.3-5 , pp. 289-298
    • Brand, A.1    Richter-Landsberg, C.2    Leibfritz, D.3
  • 102
    • 18744407587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of elevated glutamate in multiple sclerosis using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awh467
    • Srinivasan R, Sailasuta N, Hurd R, et al,. Evidence of elevated glutamate in multiple sclerosis using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T. Brain 2005; 128: 1016-1025. (Pubitemid 40675457)
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , Issue.5 , pp. 1016-1025
    • Srinivasan, R.1    Sailasuta, N.2    Hurd, R.3    Nelson, S.4    Pelletier, D.5
  • 103
    • 75549089982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HDAC1 nuclear export induced by pathological conditions is essential for the onset of axonal damage
    • Kim JY, Shen S, Dietz K, et al,. HDAC1 nuclear export induced by pathological conditions is essential for the onset of axonal damage. Nat Neurosci 2010; 13: 180-189.
    • (2010) Nat Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 180-189
    • Kim, J.Y.1    Shen, S.2    Dietz, K.3
  • 104
    • 0345327739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake by oligodendrocytes: Implications for excitotoxicity in multiple sclerosis
    • Pitt D, Nagelmeier IE, Wilson HC, et al,. Glutamate uptake by oligodendrocytes: Implications for excitotoxicity in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2003; 61: 1113-1120. (Pubitemid 37461947)
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , Issue.8 , pp. 1113-1120
    • Pitt, D.1    Nagelmeier, I.E.2    Wilson, H.C.3    Raine, C.S.4
  • 105
    • 33746379857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendrocyte NMDA receptors: A novel therapeutic target
    • DOI 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.05.004, PII S1471491406000967
    • Matute C., Oligodendrocyte NMDA receptors: a novel therapeutic target. Trends Mol Med 2006; 12: 289-292. (Pubitemid 44110002)
    • (2006) Trends in Molecular Medicine , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 289-292
    • Matute, C.1
  • 106
    • 77956369535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation influences glutamate concentrations in brains of patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Baranzini SE, Srinivasan R, Khankhanian P, et al,. Genetic variation influences glutamate concentrations in brains of patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 2010; 133: 2603-2611.
    • (2010) Brain , vol.133 , pp. 2603-2611
    • Baranzini, S.E.1    Srinivasan, R.2    Khankhanian, P.3
  • 107
    • 78751502845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomography imaging in multiple sclerosis-current status and future applications
    • Kiferle L, Politis M, Muraro PA, et al,. Positron emission tomography imaging in multiple sclerosis-current status and future applications. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18: 226-231.
    • (2011) Eur J Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 226-231
    • Kiferle, L.1    Politis, M.2    Muraro, P.A.3
  • 109
    • 0033768486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The peripheral benzodiazepine binding site in the brain in multiple sclerosis: Quantitative in vivo imaging of microglia as a measure of disease activity
    • part 11
    • Banati RB, Newcombe J, Gunn RN, et al,. The peripheral benzodiazepine binding site in the brain in multiple sclerosis: quantitative in vivo imaging of microglia as a measure of disease activity. Brain 2000; 123 part 11 2321-2337.
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 2321-2337
    • Banati, R.B.1    Newcombe, J.2    Gunn, R.N.3
  • 110
    • 0348109489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of benzodiazepine receptors in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases: Evidence from activated microglial cells in vitro
    • DOI 10.1016/j.nbd.2003.07.002
    • Wilms H, Claasen J, Röhl C, et al,. Involvement of benzodiazepine receptors in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases: evidence from activated microglial cells in vitro. Neurobiol Dis 2003; 14: 417-424. (Pubitemid 37543520)
    • (2003) Neurobiology of Disease , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 417-424
    • Wilms, H.1    Claasen, J.2    Rohl, C.3    Sievers, J.4    Deuschl, G.5    Lucius, R.6
  • 112
    • 70949100119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo quantification of myelin changes in the vertebrate nervous system
    • Wang Y, Wu C, Caprariello AV, et al,. In vivo quantification of myelin changes in the vertebrate nervous system. J Neurosci 2009; 29: 14663-14669.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 14663-14669
    • Wang, Y.1    Wu, C.2    Caprariello, A.V.3
  • 113
    • 77955132553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wallerian degeneration: A major component of early axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis
    • Dziedzic T, Metz I, Dallenga T, et al,. Wallerian degeneration: a major component of early axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2010; 20: 976-985.
    • (2010) Brain Pathol , vol.20 , pp. 976-985
    • Dziedzic, T.1    Metz, I.2    Dallenga, T.3
  • 114
    • 33947546463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium channels and multiple sclerosis: Roles in symptom production, damage and therapy
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00066.x
    • Smith KJ., Sodium channels and multiple sclerosis: roles in symptom production, damage and therapy [published correction appears in Brain Pathol 2007;17:345:]. Brain Pathol 2007; 17: 230-242. (Pubitemid 46466142)
    • (2007) Brain Pathology , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 230-242
    • Smith, K.J.1
  • 115
    • 0037312562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of gene expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis indicates early neuronal dysfunction
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awg041
    • Nicot A, Ratnakar PV, Ron Y, et al,. Regulation of gene expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis indicates early neuronal dysfunction. Brain 2003; 126: 398-412. (Pubitemid 36172744)
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , Issue.2 , pp. 398-412
    • Nicot, A.1    Ratnakar, P.V.2    Ron, Y.3    Chen, C.-C.4    Elkabes, S.5
  • 116
    • 20644435355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal pattern of plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 expression in the spinal cord correlates with the course of clinical symptoms in two rodent models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04086.x
    • Nicot A, Kurnellas M, Elkabes S., Temporal pattern of plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 expression in the spinal cord correlates with the course of clinical symptoms in two rodent models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Neurosci 2005; 21: 2660-2670. (Pubitemid 40835109)
    • (2005) European Journal of Neuroscience , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 2660-2670
    • Nicot, A.1    Kurnellas, M.2    Elkabes, S.3
  • 117
    • 13244296953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma membrane calcium ATPase deficiency causes neuronal pathology in the spinal cord: A potential mechanism for neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury
    • DOI 10.1096/fj.04-2549fje
    • Kurnellas MP, Nicot A, Shull GE, et al,. Plasma membrane calcium ATPase deficiency causes neuronal pathology in the spinal cord: a potential mechanism for neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. FASEB J 2005; 19: 298-300. (Pubitemid 40189288)
    • (2005) FASEB Journal , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 298-300
    • Kurnellas, M.P.1    Nicot, A.2    Shull, G.E.3    Elkabes, S.4
  • 118
    • 43249098296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axon-glial signaling and the glial support of axon function
    • Nave KA, Trapp BD., Axon-glial signaling and the glial support of axon function. Annu Rev Neurosci 2008; 31: 535-561.
    • (2008) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 535-561
    • Nave, K.A.1    Trapp, B.D.2
  • 119
    • 0141624363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White matter injury mechanisms
    • DOI 10.2174/1566524043479220
    • Stys PK., White matter injury mechanisms. Curr Mol Med 2004; 4: 113-130. (Pubitemid 38425909)
    • (2004) Current Molecular Medicine , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-130
    • Stys, P.K.1
  • 120
    • 58849107919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + lymphocytes into the brain contributes to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson disease
    • + lymphocytes into the brain contributes to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson disease. J Clin Invest 2009; 119: 182-192.
    • (2009) J Clin Invest , vol.119 , pp. 182-192
    • Brochard, V.1    Combadière, B.2    Prigent, A.3
  • 121
  • 122
    • 70350044493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower motor neuron loss in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Vogt J, Paul F, Aktas O, et al,. Lower motor neuron loss in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ann Neurol 2009; 66: 310-322.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 310-322
    • Vogt, J.1    Paul, F.2    Aktas, O.3
  • 126
    • 0036602982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in autoimmune and degenerative CNS diseases
    • DOI 10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02154-9, PII S0166223602021549
    • Neumann H, Medana IM, Bauer J, et al,. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in autoimmune and degenerative CNS diseases. Trends Neurosci 2002; 25: 313-319. (Pubitemid 34667013)
    • (2002) Trends in Neurosciences , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 313-319
    • Neumann, H.1    Medana, I.M.2    Bauer, J.3    Lassmann, H.4
  • 127
    • 0034842960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transection of major histocompatibility complex class I-induced neurites by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
    • Medana I, Martinic MA, Wekerle H, et al,. Transection of major histocompatibility complex class I-induced neurites by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Am J Pathol 2001; 159: 809-815. (Pubitemid 32847171)
    • (2001) American Journal of Pathology , vol.159 , Issue.3 , pp. 809-815
    • Medana, I.1    Martinic, M.A.2    Wekerle, H.3    Neumann, H.4
  • 128
    • 0030880011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody cM-T412: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, MR-monitored phase II trial
    • Van Oosten BW, Lai M, Hodgkinson S, et al,. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody cM-T412: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, MR-monitored phase II trial. Neurology 1997; 49: 351-357.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 351-357
    • Van Oosten, B.W.1    Lai, M.2    Hodgkinson, S.3
  • 129
    • 0035092524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ups and downs of multiple sclerosis therapeutics
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.61
    • Hohlfeld R, Wiendl H., The ups and downs of multiple sclerosis therapeutics. Ann Neurol 2001; 49: 281-284. (Pubitemid 32202778)
    • (2001) Annals of Neurology , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 281-284
    • Hohlfeld, R.1    Wiendl, H.2
  • 131
    • 0032521030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC class I-restricted lysis of human oligodendrocytes by myelin basic protein peptide-specific CD8 T lymphocytes
    • Jurewicz A, Biddison WE, Antel JP., MHC class I-restricted lysis of human oligodendrocytes by myelin basic protein peptide-specific CD8 T lymphocytes. J Immunol 1998; 160: 3056-3059. (Pubitemid 28136763)
    • (1998) Journal of Immunology , vol.160 , Issue.6 , pp. 3056-3059
    • Jurewicz, A.1    Biddison, W.E.2    Antel, J.P.3
  • 133
    • 48349133309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations of the perforin gene in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Cappellano G, Orilieri E, Comi C, et al,. Variations of the perforin gene in patients with multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun 2008; 9: 438-444.
    • (2008) Genes Immun , vol.9 , pp. 438-444
    • Cappellano, G.1    Orilieri, E.2    Comi, C.3
  • 135
    • 0030890793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased perforin expression in multiple sclerosis patients during exacerbation of disease in peripheral blood lymphocytes
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-5728(96)00236-6, PII S0165572896002366
    • Rubesa G, Podack ER, Sepcić J, et al,. Increased perforin expression in multiple sclerosis patients during exacerbation of disease in peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 1997; 74: 198-204. (Pubitemid 27128995)
    • (1997) Journal of Neuroimmunology , vol.74 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 198-204
    • Rubesa, G.1    Podack, E.R.2    Sepcic, J.3    Rukavina, D.4
  • 137
    • 70349579710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demyelinated axons and motor function are protected by genetic deletion of perforin in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
    • Deb C, Lafrance-Corey RG, Zoecklein L, et al,. Demyelinated axons and motor function are protected by genetic deletion of perforin in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2009; 68: 1037-1048.
    • (2009) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 1037-1048
    • Deb, C.1    Lafrance-Corey, R.G.2    Zoecklein, L.3
  • 138
    • 66249105681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contactin-2/TAG-1-directed autoimmunity is identified in multiple sclerosis patients and mediates gray matter pathology in animals
    • Derfuss T, Parikh K, Velhin S, et al,. Contactin-2/TAG-1-directed autoimmunity is identified in multiple sclerosis patients and mediates gray matter pathology in animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106: 8302-8307.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 8302-8307
    • Derfuss, T.1    Parikh, K.2    Velhin, S.3
  • 139
    • 33847101734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated intrathecal antibodies against the medium neurofilament subunit in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1007/s00415-006-0185-0
    • Bartos A, Fialová L, Soukupová J, et al,. Elevated intrathecal antibodies against the medium neurofilament subunit in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2007; 254: 20-25. (Pubitemid 46295063)
    • (2007) Journal of Neurology , vol.254 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-25
    • Bartos, A.1    Fialova, L.2    Soukupova, J.3    Kukal, J.4    Malbohan, I.5    Pit'ha, J.6
  • 140
    • 0031474719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to the axolemma-enriched fraction in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases
    • Rawes JA, Calabrese VP, Khan OA, et al,. Antibodies to the axolemma-enriched fraction in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. Mult Scler 1997; 3: 363-369. (Pubitemid 28040877)
    • (1997) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 363-369
    • Rawes, J.A.1    Calabrese, V.P.2    Khan, O.A.3    DeVries, G.H.4
  • 143
    • 43049167457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of functional peroxisomes from mouse CNS causes dysmyelination and axon degeneration
    • Hulshagen L, Krysko O, Bottelbergs A, et al,. Absence of functional peroxisomes from mouse CNS causes dysmyelination and axon degeneration. J Neurosci 2008; 28: 4015-4027.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 4015-4027
    • Hulshagen, L.1    Krysko, O.2    Bottelbergs, A.3
  • 145
    • 77952875979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HDAC inhibitors and neurodegeneration: At the edge between protection and damage
    • Dietz KC, Casaccia P., HDAC inhibitors and neurodegeneration: at the edge between protection and damage. Pharmacol Res 2010; 62: 11-17.
    • (2010) Pharmacol Res , vol.62 , pp. 11-17
    • Dietz, K.C.1    Casaccia, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.