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Jones RB, Ndhlovu LC, Barbour JD, et al. Tim-3 expression defines a novel population of dysfunctional T cells with highly elevated frequencies in progressive HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med. 2008;205(12):2763-79.PMCID: 2585847. This was the first study of Tim-3 in HIV-infected individuals, showing elevated levels of Tim-3 on CD8+ T cells in HIV+ individuals that correlated with CD4+ T cells and HIV viral load. Blockade of Tim-3 resulted in improved HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses.
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