메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 671-690

Pioglitazone and alogliptin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: A pathophysiologically sound treatment

Author keywords

Alogliptin; Diabetes; DPP 4 inhibitors; Incretins; Pioglitazone

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; ALOGLIPTIN; CIMETIDINE; CYCLOSPORIN; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; EXENDIN 4; FATTY ACID; GASTRIC INHIBITORY POLYPEPTIDE; GLIBENCLAMIDE; GLIMEPIRIDE; GLUCAGON; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INCRETIN; INSULIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; METFORMIN; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; NATEGLINIDE; NITRIC OXIDE; PIOGLITAZONE; PLACEBO; ROSIGLITAZONE; SITAGLIPTIN; SULFONYLUREA; TROGLITAZONE; UNINDEXED DRUG; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; DRUG DERIVATIVE; PIPERIDINE DERIVATIVE; URACIL;

EID: 79952062014     PISSN: 11766344     EISSN: 11782048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (23)

References (145)
  • 1
    • 80051875857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Clearinghouse, Accseesed on Apr 14, 2010
    • Statistics Clearinghouse, NIH/NIDDK. Available from: diabetes.niddk.nih.gov. Accseesed on Apr 14, 2010.
    • NIH/NIDDK
  • 2
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352:837-853.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 3
    • 0034641568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of glycaemia with macrovascularand microvascular complications of Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective observational study
    • Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HAW, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascularand microvascular complications of Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321: 405-412.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 405-412
    • Stratton, I.M.1    Adler, A.I.2    Neil, H.A.W.3
  • 4
    • 0032511566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet. 1998;352: 854-865.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 854-865
  • 5
    • 33845405222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy
    • Kahn SE, Haffner SM, Heise MA, et al. Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2006;355: 2427-2443.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 2427-2443
    • Kahn, S.E.1    Haffner, S.M.2    Heise, M.A.3
  • 6
    • 3042714557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of treatment failure in Type 2 diabetes
    • Brown JB, Nichols GA, Perry A. The burden of treatment failure in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1535-1340.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 1340-1535
    • Brown, J.B.1    Nichols, G.A.2    Perry, A.3
  • 7
    • 64649104158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: A new paradigm for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • DeFronzo RA. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: A new paradigm for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 2009:58:773-795.
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , pp. 773-795
    • Defronzo, R.A.1
  • 8
    • 0030013475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue distribution of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding the rat glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
    • Bullock BP, Heller RS, Habener JF. Tissue distribution of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding the rat glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor. Endocrinology. 1996;137:2968-2978.
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 2968-2978
    • Bullock, B.P.1    Heller, R.S.2    Habener, J.F.3
  • 9
    • 0036378574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-function of the glucagon receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors: The glucagon, GIP, GLP-1, and GLP-2 receptors
    • Brubaker PL, Drucker DJ. Structure-function of the glucagon receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors: The glucagon, GIP, GLP-1, and GLP-2 receptors. Receptor Channels. 2002;8:179-188.
    • (2002) Receptor Channels , vol.8 , pp. 179-188
    • Brubaker, P.L.1    Drucker, D.J.2
  • 10
    • 0001446480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amylin inhibits pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion: Comparison with glucagon-like peptide-1 and exendin-4
    • Abstr 188
    • Gedulin B, Lawler R, Jodka C, Young A. Amylin inhibits pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion: Comparison with glucagon-like peptide-1 and exendin-4. Diabetes. 1997;46: Abstr 188.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46
    • Gedulin, B.1    Lawler, R.2    Jodka, C.3    Young, A.4
  • 11
    • 55549136417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exenatide versus sitagliptin on postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon secretion, gastric emptying, and caloric intake: A randomized, cross-over study
    • DeFronzo RA, Okerson T, Viswanathan P, et al. Effects of exenatide versus sitagliptin on postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon secretion, gastric emptying, and caloric intake: A randomized, cross-over study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24:2943-2952.
    • (2008) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.24 , pp. 2943-2952
    • Defronzo, R.A.1    Okerson, T.2    Viswanathan, P.3
  • 12
    • 0347133334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes
    • Saydah SH, Fradkin J, Cowie CC. Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes. JAMA. 2004;291:335-342.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 335-342
    • Saydah, S.H.1    Fradkin, J.2    Cowie, C.C.3
  • 13
    • 1042280201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control from 1988 to 2000 among US adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes: A preliminary report
    • Koro CE, Bowlin SJ, Bourgeois N, Fedder DO. Glycemic control from 1988 to 2000 among US adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes: A preliminary report. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:17-20.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 17-20
    • Koro, C.E.1    Bowlin, S.J.2    Bourgeois, N.3    Fedder, D.O.4
  • 14
    • 64349083605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes prevalence and therapeutic target achievement in the United States, 1999-2006
    • Cheung BMY, Ong KL, Cherney SS, et al. Diabetes prevalence and therapeutic target achievement in the United States, 1999-2006. Am J Med. 2009;122:443-453.
    • (2009) Am J Med , vol.122 , pp. 443-453
    • Cheung, B.M.Y.1    Ong, K.L.2    Cherney, S.S.3
  • 15
    • 0030724591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes: Metabolic and molecular implications for identifying diabetes genes
    • DeFronzo RA. Pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes: Metabolic and molecular implications for identifying diabetes genes. Diabetes Reviews. 1997;5;177-269.
    • (1997) Diabetes Reviews , vol.5 , pp. 177-269
    • Defronzo, R.A.1
  • 16
    • 0024026298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lilly lecture. The triumvirate: Beta-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM
    • DeFronzo RA. Lilly lecture. The triumvirate: Beta-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM. Diabetes. 1998;37:667-687.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.37 , pp. 667-687
    • Defronzo, R.A.1
  • 17
    • 4143151942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • DeFronzo RA. Pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Med Clin N Am. 2004;88:787-835.
    • (2004) Med Clin N Am , vol.88 , pp. 787-835
    • Defronzo, R.A.1
  • 18
    • 0034853485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical Review 135. The importance of beta-cell failure in the development and progression of Type 2 diabetes
    • Kahn SE. Clinical Review 135. The importance of beta-cell failure in the development and progression of Type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:4047-4058.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 4047-4058
    • Kahn, S.E.1
  • 19
    • 0036615275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes
    • Bergman RN, Finegood DT, Kahn SE. The evolution of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest. 2002;32:35-45.
    • (2002) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.32 , pp. 35-45
    • Bergman, R.N.1    Finegood, D.T.2    Kahn, S.E.3
  • 20
    • 0024244339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of plasma glucose, free fatty acid, lactate, and insulin for 24 hours in patients with NIDDM
    • Reaven GM, Hollenbeck C, Jeng C-Y, Wu MS, Chen Y-DI. Measurement of plasma glucose, free fatty acid, lactate, and insulin for 24 hours in patients with NIDDM. Diabetes. 1998;37:1020-1104.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.37 , pp. 1020-1104
    • Reaven, G.M.1    Hollenbeck, C.2    Jeng, C.-Y.3    Wu, M.S.4    Chen, Y.-D.I.5
  • 21
    • 0036092239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Banting Lecture 2001: Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the etiology of Type 2 diabetes
    • McGarry JD. Banting Lecture 2001: Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the etiology of Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51:7-18.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 7-18
    • McGarry, J.D.1
  • 22
    • 33751545838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
    • Belfort R, Harrison SA, Brown K, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2006:355:2297-2307.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 2297-2307
    • Belfort, R.1    Harrison, S.A.2    Brown, K.3
  • 23
    • 0031014830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NIDDM
    • Boden G. Role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NIDDM. Diabetes. 1997;46:3-10.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 3-10
    • Boden, G.1
  • 24
    • 20044390768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response effect of elevated plasma free fatty acid on insulin signaling
    • Belfort R, Mandarino L, Kashyap S, et al. Dose-response effect of elevated plasma free fatty acid on insulin signaling. Diabetes. 2005;54: 1640-1648.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 1640-1648
    • Belfort, R.1    Mandarino, L.2    Kashyap, S.3
  • 26
    • 1442352339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the adipocyte, free fatty acids, and ectopic fat in pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor agonists provide a rational therapeutic approach
    • Bays H, Mandarino L, DeFronzo RA. Role of the adipocyte, free fatty acids, and ectopic fat in pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor agonists provide a rational therapeutic approach. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89: 463-478.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 463-478
    • Bays, H.1    Mandarino, L.2    Defronzo, R.A.3
  • 27
    • 0023571397 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chronic hyperglycemia on in vivo insulin secretion in partially pancreatectomized rats
    • Rossetti L, Shulman GI, Zawalich W, DeFronzo RA. Effect of chronic hyperglycemia on in vivo insulin secretion in partially pancreatectomized rats. J Clin Invest. 1987;80:1037-1044.
    • (1987) J Clin Invest , vol.80 , pp. 1037-1044
    • Rossetti, L.1    Shulman, G.I.2    Zawalich, W.3    Defronzo, R.A.4
  • 28
    • 0141755328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sustained increase in plasma free fatty acids impairs insulin secretion in nondiabetic subjects genetically predisposed to develop Type 2 diabetes
    • Kashyap S, Belfort R, Gastaldelli A, et al. A sustained increase in plasma free fatty acids impairs insulin secretion in nondiabetic subjects genetically predisposed to develop Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2003;52:2461-2474.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 2461-2474
    • Kashyap, S.1    Belfort, R.2    Gastaldelli, A.3
  • 29
    • 0942279564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance: Results from the San Antonio Metabolism (SAM) study
    • Gastaldelli A, Ferrannini E, Miyazaki Y, Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Beta-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance: Results from the San Antonio Metabolism (SAM) study. Diabetologia. 2004;41: 31-39.
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.41 , pp. 31-39
    • Gastaldelli, A.1    Ferrannini, E.2    Miyazaki, Y.3    Matsuda, M.4    Defronzo, R.A.5
  • 30
    • 0037034257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in the evidence of Type 2 diabetes with life-style intervention or metformin
    • Diabetes Prevention Research Group
    • Diabetes Prevention Research Group: Reduction in the evidence of Type 2 diabetes with life-style intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393-403.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 393-403
  • 31
    • 0036724346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and prevention of Type 2 diabetes by pharmacologicaltreatment of insulin resistance in high-risk Hispanic women
    • Buchanan TA, Xiang AH, Peters RK, et al. Preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and prevention of Type 2 diabetes by pharmacologicaltreatment of insulin resistance in high-risk Hispanic women. Diabetes. 2002;51:2796-2803.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 2796-2803
    • Buchanan, T.A.1    Xiang, A.H.2    Peters, R.K.3
  • 32
    • 32044450784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes rates and B-cell function in the pioglitazone and prevention of diabetes (PIPOD) study
    • Buchanan TA, Xiang AH, Kjos SL, et al. Diabetes rates and B-cell function in the pioglitazone and prevention of diabetes (PIPOD) study. Diabetes. 2005;54 Suppl 1:A39.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Buchanan, T.A.1    Xiang, A.H.2    Kjos, S.L.3
  • 33
    • 68949207969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actos NOW for the prevention of diabetes (ACT NOW) study
    • DeFronzo RA, Banerji M, Bray GA, et al. Actos NOW for the prevention of diabetes (ACT NOW) study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2009;9:17-25.
    • (2009) BMC Endocr Disord , vol.9 , pp. 17-25
    • Defronzo, R.A.1    Banerji, M.2    Bray, G.A.3
  • 34
    • 0036381989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide-1 treatment delays the onset of diabetes in 8 week old db/db mice
    • Wang Q, Brubaker PL. Glucagon-like peptide-1 treatment delays the onset of diabetes in 8 week old db/db mice. Diabetologia. 2002;45: 1263-1273.
    • (2002) Diabetologia , vol.45 , pp. 1263-1273
    • Wang, Q.1    Brubaker, P.L.2
  • 35
    • 15444380712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide (exendin-4) improves insulin sensitivity and beta-cell mass in insulin resistant obese fa/fa Zucker rats independent of glycemia and body weight
    • Gedulin BR, Nikoulina SE, Smith PA, et al. Exenatide (exendin-4) improves insulin sensitivity and beta-cell mass in insulin resistant obese fa/fa Zucker rats independent of glycemia and body weight. Endocrinology. 2005;146:2069-2076.
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 2069-2076
    • Gedulin, B.R.1    Nikoulina, S.E.2    Smith, P.A.3
  • 36
    • 23044487247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved meal-related beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes over 1 year
    • Ahren B, Pacini G, Foley JE, Schweizer A. Improved meal-related beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes over 1 year. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1936-1940.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1936-1940
    • Ahren, B.1    Pacini, G.2    Foley, J.E.3    Schweizer, A.4
  • 37
    • 55449096196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidylpeptidase 4 inhibitor, on beta-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes,a model-based approach
    • Xu L, Man CD, Charbonnel B, et al. Effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidylpeptidase 4 inhibitor, on beta-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes,a model-based approach. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008;10: 1212-1220.
    • (2008) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.10 , pp. 1212-1220
    • Xu, L.1    Man, C.D.2    Charbonnel, B.3
  • 38
    • 0014951784 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal alpha-cell function in diabetes: Response to carbohydrate and protein ingestion
    • Muller WA, Faloona GR, Aguilar-Parada E, Unger RH. Abnormal alpha-cell function in diabetes: Response to carbohydrate and protein ingestion. N Engl J Med. 1970;283:109-115.
    • (1970) N Engl J Med , vol.283 , pp. 109-115
    • Muller, W.A.1    Faloona, G.R.2    Aguilar-Parada, E.3    Unger, R.H.4
  • 40
    • 0014528758 scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic glucagons secretion in normal and diabetic subjects
    • Aguilar-Parada E, Eisentraut AM, Unger RH. Pancreatic glucagons secretion in normal and diabetic subjects. Am J Med Sci. 1969;257: 415-419.
    • (1969) Am J Med Sci , vol.257 , pp. 415-419
    • Aguilar-Parada, E.1    Eisentraut, A.M.2    Unger, R.H.3
  • 41
    • 0036737543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doseresponse curve relation plasma glucagon to hepatic glucose production and glucose disposal in Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA, Consoli A, Bressler P, Del Prato S. Doseresponse curve relation plasma glucagon to hepatic glucose production and glucose disposal in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2002; 51:1111-1119.
    • (2002) Metabolism , vol.51 , pp. 1111-1119
    • Matsuda, M.1    Defronzo, R.A.2    Consoli, A.3    Bressler, P.4    del Prato, S.5
  • 43
    • 0036072223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetic patients
    • Miyazaki Y, Mahankali A, Matsuda M, et al. Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:2784-2791.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 2784-2791
    • Miyazaki, Y.1    Mahankali, A.2    Matsuda, M.3
  • 44
    • 55449125262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in Type 2 diabetic patients
    • Miyazaki Y, DeFronzo RA. Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008;10: 1204-1211.
    • (2008) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.10 , pp. 1204-1211
    • Miyazaki, Y.1    Defronzo, R.A.2
  • 45
    • 16344382941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term therapy with addition of pioglitazone to metformin compared with the addition of gliclazide to metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes: A randomized, comparative study
    • Matthews DR, Charbonnel BH, Hanefeld M, Brunetti P, Schernthaner G. Long-term therapy with addition of pioglitazone to metformin compared with the addition of gliclazide to metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes: A randomized, comparative study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2005;21:167-174.
    • (2005) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.21 , pp. 167-174
    • Matthews, D.R.1    Charbonnel, B.H.2    Hanefeld, M.3    Brunetti, P.4    Schernthaner, G.5
  • 47
    • 33846273797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory effects ofpioglitazone and/or simvastatin in high cardiovascular-risk patients with elevated high sensitivity c-reactive protein: The PIOSTAT study
    • Hanefeld M, Marx N, Pfutzner A, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects ofpioglitazone and/or simvastatin in high cardiovascular-risk patients with elevated high sensitivity c-reactive protein: The PIOSTAT study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:290-297.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 290-297
    • Hanefeld, M.1    Marx, N.2    Pfutzner, A.3
  • 48
    • 38149060084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of pioglitazone and ramipril to intensive insulin therapy in Type 2 diabetes patients improves vascular dysfunction by different mechanisms
    • Fernandez M, Triplitt C, Wajcberg E, et al. Addition of pioglitazone and ramipril to intensive insulin therapy in Type 2 diabetes patients improves vascular dysfunction by different mechanisms. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:121-127.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 121-127
    • Fernandez, M.1    Triplitt, C.2    Wajcberg, E.3
  • 49
    • 34147158489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between vascular reactivity and lipids in Mexican-Americans with Type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone
    • Wajcberg E, Sriwijitkamol A, Musi N, DeFronzo RA, Cersosimo E. Relationship between vascular reactivity and lipids in Mexican-Americans with Type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:1256-1262.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 1256-1262
    • Wajcberg, E.1    Sriwijitkamol, A.2    Musi, N.3    Defronzo, R.A.4    Cersosimo, E.5
  • 50
    • 21544466158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of lipid and glycemic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia
    • Goldberg RB, Kendall DM, Deeg MA, et al. A comparison of lipid and glycemic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1547-1554.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1547-1554
    • Goldberg, R.B.1    Kendall, D.M.2    Deeg, M.A.3
  • 51
    • 0029983521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vascular biology of nitric oxide and its role in atherogenesis
    • Lloyd-Jones DM, Bloch KD. The vascular biology of nitric oxide and its role in atherogenesis. Annu Rev Med. 1996;47:365-375.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Med , vol.47 , pp. 365-375
    • Lloyd-Jones, D.M.1    Bloch, K.D.2
  • 52
    • 0029159779 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide decreases cytokineinduced endothelial activation: Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines
    • de Caterina R, Libby P, Peng HB, et al. Nitric oxide decreases cytokineinduced endothelial activation: Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:60-68.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 60-68
    • de Caterina, R.1    Libby, P.2    Peng, H.B.3
  • 53
    • 77955657267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, Type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: The missing links. The Claude Bernard Lecture 2009
    • Defronzo RA. Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, Type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: The missing links. The Claude Bernard Lecture 2009. Diabetologia. 2010;53:1270-1287.
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , pp. 1270-1287
    • Defronzo, R.A.1
  • 54
    • 2942515930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma resistin concentration, hepatic fat content, and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated Type 2 diabetic patients
    • Bajaj M, Suraamornkul S, Hardies LJ, Pratipanawatr T, DeFronzo RA. Plasma resistin concentration, hepatic fat content, and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated Type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Obes. 2004;28:783-789.
    • (2004) Int J Obes , vol.28 , pp. 783-789
    • Bajaj, M.1    Suraamornkul, S.2    Hardies, L.J.3    Pratipanawatr, T.4    Defronzo, R.A.5
  • 55
    • 0034833667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in liver and muscle in Type 2 diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone
    • Miyazaki Y, Mahankali A, Matsuda M, et al. Improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in liver and muscle in Type 2 diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone. Diabetes Care. 2001;24: 710-719.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 710-719
    • Miyazaki, Y.1    Mahankali, A.2    Matsuda, M.3
  • 58
    • 7044253431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis comparing theeffect of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors
    • Chiquette E, Ramirez G, DeFronzo R. A meta-analysis comparing theeffect of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:2097-2104.
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , pp. 2097-2104
    • Chiquette, E.1    Ramirez, G.2    Defronzo, R.3
  • 59
    • 34250212715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes
    • Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2457-2471.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 2457-2471
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Wolski, K.2
  • 60
    • 34548580881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone
    • Singh S, Loke UK, Furberg CD. Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone. JAMA. 2007;298:1189-1195.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 1189-1195
    • Singh, S.1    Loke, U.K.2    Furberg, C.D.3
  • 61
    • 0036517099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response effect of pioglitazoneon insulin sensitivity and insulin secretionin Type 2 diabetes
    • Miyazaki Y, Matsuda M, Defronzo RA. Dose-response effect of pioglitazoneon insulin sensitivity and insulin secretionin Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:517-523.
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 517-523
    • Miyazaki, Y.1    Matsuda, M.2    Defronzo, R.A.3
  • 62
    • 38549162147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated for at least 3 years
    • Klonoff DC, Buse JB, Nielsen LL, et al. Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated for at least 3 years. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24:275-286.
    • (2008) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.24 , pp. 275-286
    • Klonoff, D.C.1    Buse, J.B.2    Nielsen, L.L.3
  • 63
    • 33748748206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose
    • The Dream (Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication) Trial Investigators
    • The Dream (Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication) Trial Investigators. Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: A randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:1096-1105.
    • (2006) A Randomized Controlled Trial. Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 1096-1105
  • 64
    • 65949122087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-year treatment with exenatide improves -cell function, compared with insulin glargine, in metformin-treated Type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Bunck MC, Diamont M, Corner A, et al. One-year treatment with exenatide improves β-cell function, compared with insulin glargine, in metformin-treated Type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:762-768.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 762-768
    • Bunck, M.C.1    Diamont, M.2    Corner, A.3
  • 65
    • 77949270229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of glucose tolerance in impaired glucose tolerance at baseline in the Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW)
    • for the ACT NOW Study Group
    • DeFronzo RA, Banerji MA, Bray GA, et al; for the ACT NOW Study Group. Determinants of glucose tolerance in impaired glucose tolerance at baseline in the Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW). Diabetologia. 2010;53:435-445.
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , pp. 435-445
    • Defronzo, R.A.1    Banerji, M.A.2    Bray, G.A.3
  • 66
    • 33745325861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin secretion and action in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: Results from the Veterans Administration Genetic Epidemiology Study
    • Abdul-Ghani MA, Jenkinson CP, Richardson DK, Tripathy D, DeFronzo RA. Insulin secretion and action in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: Results from the Veterans Administration Genetic Epidemiology Study. Diabetes. 2006;55:1430-1435.
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 1430-1435
    • Abdul-Ghani, M.A.1    Jenkinson, C.P.2    Richardson, D.K.3    Tripathy, D.4    Defronzo, R.A.5
  • 67
    • 41649084422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisonof pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with Type 2 diabetes: The PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial
    • PERISCOPE Investigators
    • Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Wolski K; PERISCOPE Investigators. Comparisonof pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with Type 2 diabetes: The PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299:1561-1573.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.299 , pp. 1561-1573
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Nicholls, S.J.2    Wolski, K.3
  • 68
    • 33845400193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in Type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial
    • Mazzone T, Meyer PM, Feinstein SB, et al. Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in Type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial. JAMA. 2006;296:2572-2581.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 2572-2581
    • Mazzone, T.1    Meyer, P.M.2    Feinstein, S.B.3
  • 69
    • 21344451651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy and tolerability of add-on pioglitazone therapy to failing monotherapy compared with addition of gliclazide or metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes
    • Charbonnel B, Schernthaner G, Brunetti P, et al. Long-term efficacy and tolerability of add-on pioglitazone therapy to failing monotherapy compared with addition of gliclazide or metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2005;48:1093-1104.
    • (2005) Diabetologia , vol.48 , pp. 1093-1104
    • Charbonnel, B.1    Schernthaner, G.2    Brunetti, P.3
  • 70
    • 33745700035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control and treatment failure with pioglitazone versus glibenclamide in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 42-month, open-label, observational, primary care study
    • Hanefeld M, Pfutzner A, Forst T, Lubben G. Glycemic control and treatment failure with pioglitazone versus glibenclamide in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 42-month, open-label, observational, primary care study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22:1211-1215.
    • (2006) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.22 , pp. 1211-1215
    • Hanefeld, M.1    Pfutzner, A.2    Forst, T.3    Lubben, G.4
  • 71
    • 14644404951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pioglitazone and gliclazide in sustaining glycemic control over 2 years in patients with Type 2 diabetes
    • GLAL Study Group
    • Tan MH, Baksi A, et al; GLAL Study Group. Comparison of pioglitazone and gliclazide in sustaining glycemic control over 2 years in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:544-550.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 544-550
    • Tan, M.H.1    Baksi, A.2
  • 72
    • 33645988220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of early addition of rosiglitazone to sulphonylurea therapy in older Type 2 diabetes patients (60 years): The Rosiglitazone Early vs SULphonylurea Titration (RESULT) study
    • RESULT Study Group
    • Rosenstock J, Goldstein BJ, Vinik A; RESULT Study Group. Effect of early addition of rosiglitazone to sulphonylurea therapy in older Type 2 diabetes patients (60 years): The Rosiglitazone Early vs SULphonylurea Titration (RESULT) study. Diab Obes Metab. 2006;8:49-57.
    • (2006) Diab Obes Metab , vol.8 , pp. 49-57
    • Rosenstock, J.1    Goldstein, B.J.2    Vinik, A.3
  • 73
    • 34249326187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RECORD Study Group. Rosiglitazone RECORD study: Glucose control outcomes at 18 months
    • Home PD, Jones NP, Pocock SJ, et al. RECORD Study Group. Rosiglitazone RECORD study: Glucose control outcomes at 18 months. Diabet Med. 2007;24:626-634.
    • (2007) Diabet Med , vol.24 , pp. 626-634
    • Home, P.D.1    Jones, N.P.2    Pocock, S.J.3
  • 74
    • 55449125262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in Type 2 diabetic patients
    • Miyazaki Y, DeFronzo RA. Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008;10: 1204-1211.
    • (2008) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.10 , pp. 1204-1211
    • Miyazaki, Y.1    Defronzo, R.A.2
  • 75
    • 34250347668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Falagas ME. Effect of thiazolidinedione therapy on restenosis after coronary stent implantation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Rosmarakis ES, Falagas ME. Effect of thiazolidinedione therapy on restenosis after coronary stent implantation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J. 2007;154:144-150.
    • (2007) Am Heart J , vol.154 , pp. 144-150
    • Rosmarakis, E.S.1
  • 76
    • 34548590934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized trials
    • Lincoff AM, Wolski K, Nicholls SJ, Nissen SE. Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA. 2007;12;298:1180-1188.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.12 , Issue.298 , pp. 1180-1188
    • Lincoff, A.M.1    Wolski, K.2    Nicholls, S.J.3    Nissen, S.E.4
  • 77
    • 26244453309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes in the proactive study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clincal Trial In macroVascular Events): A randomized controlled trial
    • Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJA, et al. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes in the proactive study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clincal Trial In macroVascular Events): A randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1279-1289.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1279-1289
    • Dormandy, J.A.1    Charbonnel, B.2    Eckland, D.J.A.3
  • 78
    • 0036889453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal fat distribution and peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Miyazaki Y, Glass L, Triplitt C, et al. Abdominal fat distribution and peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;46:E1135-1481, E1143.
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.46
    • Miyazaki, Y.1    Glass, L.2    Triplitt, C.3
  • 79
    • 25644448096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased insulin-stimulated ATP synthesis and phosphate transport in muscle of insulinresistant offspring of Type 2 diabetic parents
    • Petersen KF, Dufour S, Shulman GI. Decreased insulin-stimulated ATP synthesis and phosphate transport in muscle of insulinresistant offspring of Type 2 diabetic parents. PLoS Medicine. 2005;2:879-884.
    • (2005) PLoS Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 879-884
    • Petersen, K.F.1    Dufour, S.2    Shulman, G.I.3
  • 80
    • 0344304678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinedione use, fluid retention, and congestive heart failure: A consensus statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association: Oct 7, 2003
    • Nesto RW, Bell D, Bonow RO, et al. Thiazolidinedione use, fluid retention, and congestive heart failure: A consensus statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association: Oct 7, 2003. Circulation. 2003;108:2941-2948.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 2941-2948
    • Nesto, R.W.1    Bell, D.2    Bonow, R.O.3
  • 81
    • 77951601655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinedionedrugs and cardiovascular risks: A science advisory from the American Heart Association and American College of CardiologyFoundation
    • Kaul S, Bolger A, Herrington D, Giugliano R, Eckel R. Thiazolidinedionedrugs and cardiovascular risks: A science advisory from the American Heart Association and American College of CardiologyFoundation. Circulation. 2010;121:1868-1877.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 1868-1877
    • Kaul, S.1    Bolger, A.2    Herrington, D.3    Giugliano, R.4    Eckel, R.5
  • 82
    • 13444272949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones, metformin, and outcomes in older patients with diabetes and heart failure; an observational study
    • Masoudi FA, Inzucchi SE, Wang Y, Havranek EP, Foody JM, Krumholz HM. Thiazolidinediones, metformin, and outcomes in older patients with diabetes and heart failure; an observational study. Circulation. 2005;111:583-590.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 583-590
    • Masoudi, F.A.1    Inzucchi, S.E.2    Wang, Y.3    Havranek, E.P.4    Foody, J.M.5    Krumholz, H.M.6
  • 83
    • 0027978491 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological classification and renal actions of diuretics
    • Puschett JB. Pharmacological classification and renal actions of diuretics. Cardiology. 1994;84 Suppl 2:4-13.
    • (1994) Cardiology , vol.84 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 4-13
    • Puschett, J.B.1
  • 84
    • 33845234619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of various diuretic treatments on rosiglitazone-induced fluid retention
    • Karalliedde J, Buckingham R, Starkie M, et al. Effect of various diuretic treatments on rosiglitazone-induced fluid retention. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17:3482-3490.
    • (2006) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.17 , pp. 3482-3490
    • Karalliedde, J.1    Buckingham, R.2    Starkie, M.3
  • 85
    • 34548125432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PROactive 06: Cost-effectiveness of pioglitazone in Type 2 diabetes in the UK
    • PROactive Study Group
    • Valentine WJ, Bottomley JM, Palmer AJ, et al; PROactive Study Group. PROactive 06: Cost-effectiveness of pioglitazone in Type 2 diabetes in the UK. Diabet Med. 2007;24:982-1002.
    • (2007) Diabet Med , vol.24 , pp. 982-1002
    • Valentine, W.J.1    Bottomley, J.M.2    Palmer, A.J.3
  • 86
    • 0022617246 scopus 로고
    • Reduced incretin effect in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes
    • Nauck M, Stockmann F, Ebert R, Creutzfeldt W. Reduced incretin effect in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia. 1986;29:46-52.
    • (1986) Diabetologia , vol.29 , pp. 46-52
    • Nauck, M.1    Stockmann, F.2    Ebert, R.3    Creutzfeldt, W.4
  • 87
    • 1842855423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incretins, insulin secretion and Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Vilsboll T, Holst JJ. Incretins, insulin secretion and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2004;47:357-366.
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.47 , pp. 357-366
    • Vilsboll, T.1    Holst, J.J.2
  • 88
    • 0037098963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric inhibitory polypeptide: The neglected incretin revisited
    • Meier JJ, Nauck MA, Schmidt WE, Gallwitz B. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide: The neglected incretin revisited. Regul Pept. 2002;107: 1-13.
    • (2002) Regul Pept , vol.107 , pp. 1-13
    • Meier, J.J.1    Nauck, M.A.2    Schmidt, W.E.3    Gallwitz, B.4
  • 89
    • 0034880655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of the impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in Type 2 diabetic patients
    • Toft-Nielsen MB, Damholt MB, Madsbad S, et al. Determinants of the impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in Type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:3717-3723.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 3717-3723
    • Toft-Nielsen, M.B.1    Damholt, M.B.2    Madsbad, S.3
  • 90
    • 0031936954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptides
    • Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptides. Diabetes. 1998;47:159-169.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. 159-169
    • Drucker, D.J.1
  • 91
    • 0024397993 scopus 로고
    • The glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response to oral glucose and mixed meals is increased in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • Jones IR, Owens DR, Luzio S, Williams S, Hayes TM. The glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response to oral glucose and mixed meals is increased in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1989;32: 668-677.
    • (1989) Diabetologia , vol.32 , pp. 668-677
    • Jones, I.R.1    Owens, D.R.2    Luzio, S.3    Williams, S.4    Hayes, T.M.5
  • 92
    • 0027391607 scopus 로고
    • Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 [7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus
    • Nauck MA, Heimesaat MM, Orskov C, et al. Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 [7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:301-307.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.91 , pp. 301-307
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Heimesaat, M.M.2    Orskov, C.3
  • 93
    • 33846006173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incretin system: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in Type 2 diabetes
    • Drucker DJ, Nauck MA. The incretin system: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in Type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 2006;368:1696-1705.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 1696-1705
    • Drucker, D.J.1    Nauck, M.A.2
  • 94
    • 34548803017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incretin-based treatment of Type 2 diabetes: Glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
    • Deacon CF. Incretin-based treatment of Type 2 diabetes: Glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007;9 Suppl 1:23-31.
    • (2007) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 23-31
    • Deacon, C.F.1
  • 95
    • 0021882037 scopus 로고
    • The disposal of an oral glucose load in healthy subjects. A quantitative study
    • Ferrannini E, Bjorkman O, Reichard GA, Pilo A, Olson M. The disposal of an oral glucose load in healthy subjects. A quantitative study. Diabetes. 1985;34:580-588.
    • (1985) Diabetes , vol.34 , pp. 580-588
    • Ferrannini, E.1    Bjorkman, O.2    Reichard, G.A.3    Pilo, A.4    Olson, M.5
  • 96
    • 0142258657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut peptides and Type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment
    • Ahren B. Gut peptides and Type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Curr Diab Rep. 2003;3:365-372.
    • (2003) Curr Diab Rep , vol.3 , pp. 365-372
    • Ahren, B.1
  • 97
    • 0028930130 scopus 로고
    • Insulinotropic action of truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 in mice
    • Ahren B. Insulinotropic action of truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 in mice. Acta Physiol Scand. 1995;153:205-206.
    • (1995) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.153 , pp. 205-206
    • Ahren, B.1
  • 98
    • 0344357096 scopus 로고
    • Glucagonlike peptide I stimulates insulin gene expression and increases cyclic AMP levels in a rat islet cell line
    • Drucker DJ, Philippe J, Mojsov S, Chick WL, Habener JF. Glucagonlike peptide I stimulates insulin gene expression and increases cyclic AMP levels in a rat islet cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987; 84:3434.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.84 , pp. 3434
    • Drucker, D.J.1    Philippe, J.2    Mojsov, S.3    Chick, W.L.4    Habener, J.F.5
  • 99
    • 0035824548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role of cAMP-GEFII - Rim2 complex in incretin-potentiated insulin secretion
    • Kashima Y, Miki T, Shibasaki T, et al. Critical role of cAMP-GEFII - Rim2 complex in incretin-potentiated insulin secretion. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:46046-46053.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 46046-46053
    • Kashima, Y.1    Miki, T.2    Shibasaki, T.3
  • 100
    • 0026568825 scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-37)/(7-36)amide is a new incretin
    • Fehmann HC, Goke R, Goke B. Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-37)/(7-36)amide is a new incretin. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1992;85: C39-C44.
    • (1992) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.85
    • Fehmann, H.C.1    Goke, R.2    Goke, B.3
  • 101
    • 0028885121 scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide-1 affects gene transcription and messenger ribonucleic acid stability of components of the insulin secretory system in RIN 1046-38 cells
    • Wang Y, Egan JM, Raygada M, Nadiv O, Roth J, Montrose-Rafizadeh C. Glucagon-like peptide-1 affects gene transcription and messenger ribonucleic acid stability of components of the insulin secretory system in RIN 1046-38 cells. Endocrinology. 1995;136: 4910-4917.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 4910-4917
    • Wang, Y.1    Egan, J.M.2    Raygada, M.3    Nadiv, O.4    Roth, J.5    Montrose-Rafizadeh, C.6
  • 102
    • 0026535588 scopus 로고
    • Insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide- I(7-37) stimulation of proinsulin gene expression and proinsulin biosynthesis in insulinoma beta TC-1 cells
    • Fehmann HC, Habener JF. Insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide- I(7-37) stimulation of proinsulin gene expression and proinsulin biosynthesis in insulinoma beta TC-1 cells. Endocrinology. 1992;130:159-166.
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.130 , pp. 159-166
    • Fehmann, H.C.1    Habener, J.F.2
  • 103
    • 0026708838 scopus 로고
    • Galanin inhibits proinsulin gene expression stimulated by the insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-I(7-37) in mouse insulinoma beta TC-1 cells
    • Fehmann HC, Habener JF. Galanin inhibits proinsulin gene expression stimulated by the insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-I(7-37) in mouse insulinoma beta TC-1 cells. Endocrinology. 1992;130:2890-2896.
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.130 , pp. 2890-2896
    • Fehmann, H.C.1    Habener, J.F.2
  • 104
    • 0037312818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptides: Regulators of cell proliferation,differentiation, and apoptosis
    • Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptides: Regulators of cell proliferation,differentiation, and apoptosis. Mol Endocrinol. 2003;17:161-171.
    • (2003) Mol Endocrinol , vol.17 , pp. 161-171
    • Drucker, D.J.1
  • 105
    • 0014951784 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal alpha-cell function in diabetes: Response to carbohydrate and protein ingestion
    • Muller WA, Faloona GR, Aguilar-Parada E, Unger RH. Abnormal alpha-cell function in diabetes: Response to carbohydrate and protein ingestion. N Engl J Med. 1970;283:109-115.
    • (1970) N Engl J Med , vol.283 , pp. 109-115
    • Muller, W.A.1    Faloona, G.R.2    Aguilar-Parada, E.3    Unger, R.H.4
  • 106
  • 107
    • 0014528758 scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic glucagon secretion in normal and diabetic subjects
    • Aguilar-Parada E, Eisentraut AM, Unger RH. Pancreatic glucagon secretion in normal and diabetic subjects. Am J Med Sci. 1969;257: 415-419.
    • (1969) Am J Med Sci , vol.257 , pp. 415-419
    • Aguilar-Parada, E.1    Eisentraut, A.M.2    Unger, R.H.3
  • 108
    • 0029020729 scopus 로고
    • Glucose modulation of insulin and glucagon secretion is altered in impaired glucose tolerance
    • Larsson H, Berglund G, Ahren B. Glucose modulation of insulin and glucagon secretion is altered in impaired glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:1778-1782.
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 1778-1782
    • Larsson, H.1    Berglund, G.2    Ahren, B.3
  • 109
    • 0035205250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with reduced insulin-induced suppression of glucagon concentrations
    • Ahren B, Larsson H. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with reduced insulin-induced suppression of glucagon concentrations. Diabetologia. 2001;44:1998-2003.
    • (2001) Diabetologia , vol.44 , pp. 1998-2003
    • Ahren, B.1    Larsson, H.2
  • 110
    • 0033995503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose intolerance is predicted by low insulin secretion and high glucagon secretion: Outcome of a prospective study in postmenopausal Caucasian women
    • Larsson H, Ahren B. Glucose intolerance is predicted by low insulin secretion and high glucagon secretion: Outcome of a prospective study in postmenopausal Caucasian women. Diabetologia. 2000;43: 194-202.
    • (2000) Diabetologia , vol.43 , pp. 194-202
    • Larsson, H.1    Ahren, B.2
  • 111
    • 0015232603 scopus 로고
    • Glucagon physiology and pathophysiology
    • Unger RH. Glucagon physiology and pathophysiology. N Engl J Med. 1971;285:443-449.
    • (1971) N Engl J Med , vol.285 , pp. 443-449
    • Unger, R.H.1
  • 112
    • 0030975613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide I receptor expression in glucagon-producing alpha-cells of the rat endocrine pancreas
    • Heller RS, Kieffer TJ, Habener JF. Insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide I receptor expression in glucagon-producing alpha-cells of the rat endocrine pancreas. Diabetes. 1997;46:785-791.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 785-791
    • Heller, R.S.1    Kieffer, T.J.2    Habener, J.F.3
  • 113
    • 0038497464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic exendin-4 (exenatide) significantly reduces postprandial and fasting plasma glucose in subjects with Type 2 diabetes
    • Kolterman OG, Buse JB, Fineman MS, et al. Synthetic exendin-4 (exenatide) significantly reduces postprandial and fasting plasma glucose in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3082-3089.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 3082-3089
    • Kolterman, O.G.1    Buse, J.B.2    Fineman, M.S.3
  • 114
    • 0028576883 scopus 로고
    • Role and integration of mechanisms controlling gastric emptying
    • Horowitz M, Dent J, Fraser R, Sun W, Hebbard G. Role and integration of mechanisms controlling gastric emptying. Dig Dis Sci. 1994; 39 Suppl 12:7S-13S.
    • (1994) Dig Dis Sci , vol.39 , Issue.SUPPL. 12
    • Horowitz, M.1    Dent, J.2    Fraser, R.3    Sun, W.4    Hebbard, G.5
  • 115
    • 0026721478 scopus 로고
    • Rapid gastric emptying of an oral glucose solution in Type 2 diabetic patients
    • Phillips WT, Schwartz JG, McMahan CA. Rapid gastric emptying of an oral glucose solution in Type 2 diabetic patients. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:1496-1500.
    • (1992) J Nucl Med , vol.33 , pp. 1496-1500
    • Phillips, W.T.1    Schwartz, J.G.2    McMahan, C.A.3
  • 116
    • 0028199191 scopus 로고
    • Disordered gastric motor function in diabetes mellitus
    • Horowitz M, Fraser R. Disordered gastric motor function in diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1994;37:543-551.
    • (1994) Diabetologia , vol.37 , pp. 543-551
    • Horowitz, M.1    Fraser, R.2
  • 118
    • 0027281591 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between oral glucose tolerance and gastric emptying in normal healthy subjects
    • Horowitz M, Edelbroek MA, Wishart JM, Straathof JW. Relationship between oral glucose tolerance and gastric emptying in normal healthy subjects. Diabetologia. 1993;36:857-862.
    • (1993) Diabetologia , vol.36 , pp. 857-862
    • Horowitz, M.1    Edelbroek, M.A.2    Wishart, J.M.3    Straathof, J.W.4
  • 119
    • 0026721478 scopus 로고
    • Rapid gastric emptying of an oral glucose solution in Type 2 diabetic patients
    • Phillips WT, Schwartz JG, McMahan CA. Rapid gastric emptying of an oral glucose solution in Type 2 diabetic patients. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:1496-500.
    • (1992) J Nucl Med , vol.33 , pp. 1496-500
    • Phillips, W.T.1    Schwartz, J.G.2    McMahan, C.A.3
  • 120
    • 15444367142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of exenatide in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Kolterman OG, Kim DD, Shen L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of exenatide in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62:173-181.
    • (2005) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.62 , pp. 173-181
    • Kolterman, O.G.1    Kim, D.D.2    Shen, L.3
  • 122
    • 0029903111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide I receptors in the subfornical organ and the area postrema are accessible to circulating glucagon-like peptide I
    • Orskov C, Poulsen SS, Moller M, Holst JJ. Glucagon-like peptide I receptors in the subfornical organ and the area postrema are accessible to circulating glucagon-like peptide I. Diabetes. 1996;45: 832-835.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 832-835
    • Orskov, C.1    Poulsen, S.S.2    Moller, M.3    Holst, J.J.4
  • 123
    • 0029859220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central administration of GLP-1-(7-36) amide inhibits food and water intake in rats
    • Tang-Christensen M, Larsen PJ, Goke R, et al. Central administration of GLP-1-(7-36) amide inhibits food and water intake in rats. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:R848-R856.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.271
    • Tang-Christensen, M.1    Larsen, P.J.2    Goke, R.3
  • 124
    • 13344282056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding
    • Turton MD, O'Shea D, Gunn I, et al. A role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding. Nature. 1996;379:69-72.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 69-72
    • Turton, M.D.1    O'Shea, D.2    Gunn, I.3
  • 125
    • 0032143876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): A gut hormone of potential interest in the treatment of diabetes
    • Ahren B. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): A gut hormone of potential interest in the treatment of diabetes. Bioessays. 1998;20: 642-651.
    • (1998) Bioessays , vol.20 , pp. 642-651
    • Ahren, B.1
  • 126
    • 17944365214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide on ad libitum energy intake in humans
    • Verdich C, Flint A, Gutzwiller JP, et al. A meta-analysis of the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide on ad libitum energy intake in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:4382-4389.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 4382-4389
    • Verdich, C.1    Flint, A.2    Gutzwiller, J.P.3
  • 127
    • 0028803336 scopus 로고
    • Both subcutaneously and intravenously administered glucagon-like peptide I are rapidly degraded from the NH2-terminus in Type II diabetic patients and in healthy subjects
    • Deacon CF, Nauck MA, Toft-Nielsen M, Pridal L, Willms B, Holst JJ. Both subcutaneously and intravenously administered glucagon-like peptide I are rapidly degraded from the NH2-terminus in Type II diabetic patients and in healthy subjects. Diabetes. 1995;44: 1126-1131.
    • (1995) Diabetes , vol.44 , pp. 1126-1131
    • Deacon, C.F.1    Nauck, M.A.2    Toft-Nielsen, M.3    Pridal, L.4    Willms, B.5    Holst, J.J.6
  • 128
    • 34248999413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of alogliptin: A potent, selective, bioavailable, and efficacious inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV
    • Feng J, Zhang Z, Wallace MB, et al. Discovery of alogliptin: A potent, selective, bioavailable, and efficacious inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. J Med Chem. 2007;50:2297-2300.
    • (2007) J Med Chem , vol.50 , pp. 2297-2300
    • Feng, J.1    Zhang, Z.2    Wallace, M.B.3
  • 129
    • 67449146887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, alogliptin (SYR-322), is effective in diabetic rats with sulfonylurea-induced secondary failure
    • Asakawa T, Moritoh Y, Kataoka O, Suzuki N, Takeuchi K, Odaka H. A novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, alogliptin (SYR-322), is effective in diabetic rats with sulfonylurea-induced secondary failure. Life Sci. 2009:85:122-126.
    • (2009) Life Sci , vol.85 , pp. 122-126
    • Asakawa, T.1    Moritoh, Y.2    Kataoka, O.3    Suzuki, N.4    Takeuchi, K.5    Odaka, H.6
  • 130
    • 46549087133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic administration of alogliptin, a novel, potent, and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, improves glycemic control and beta-cell function in obese diabetic ob/ob mice
    • Moritoh Y, Takeuchi K, Asakawa T, Kataoka, Odaka H. Chronic administration of alogliptin, a novel, potent, and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, improves glycemic control and beta-cell function in obese diabetic ob/ob mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;588:325-332.
    • (2008) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.588 , pp. 325-332
    • Moritoh, Y.1    Takeuchi, K.2    Asakawa, T.3    Kataoka, O.H.4
  • 131
    • 41649102998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of single increasing doses of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in health male subjects
    • Christopher R, Covington P, Davenport M, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of single increasing doses of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in health male subjects. Clin Ther. 2008:30:513-527.
    • (2008) Clin Ther , vol.30 , pp. 513-527
    • Christopher, R.1    Covington, P.2    Davenport, M.3
  • 132
    • 74549198914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb
    • ® [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb, 2009.
    • (2009) ® [package Insert]
  • 133
    • 38949128333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Company, Inc
    • ® [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Company, Inc., 2010
    • (2010) ® [package Insert]
  • 134
    • 41649083174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and tolerability prof iles of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin: A randomized, double-blind placebocontrolled multiple-dose study in adult patients with Type 2 diabetes
    • Covington P, Christopher R, Davenport M, et al. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and tolerability prof iles of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin: A randomized, double-blind placebocontrolled multiple-dose study in adult patients with Type 2 diabetes. Clin Ther. 2008;30:499-512.
    • (2008) Clin Ther , vol.30 , pp. 499-512
    • Covington, P.1    Christopher, R.2    Davenport, M.3
  • 135
    • 58149171060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with Type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control
    • DeFronzo RA, Fleck PR, Wilson CA, Mekki Q. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with Type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:2315-2317.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 2315-2317
    • Defronzo, R.A.1    Fleck, P.R.2    Wilson, C.A.3    Mekki, Q.4
  • 136
    • 58149335320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by glyburide monotherapy
    • Pratley RE, Kipnes MS, Fleck PR, Wilson C, Mekki Q. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by glyburide monotherapy. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2009;11:167-176.
    • (2009) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.11 , pp. 167-176
    • Pratley, R.E.1    Kipnes, M.S.2    Fleck, P.R.3    Wilson, C.4    Mekki, Q.5
  • 137
    • 57649225147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of adding the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin to metformin therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: A multicenter, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study
    • Nauck MA, Ellis GC, Fleck PR, Wilson CA, Mekki Q. Efficacy and safety of adding the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin to metformin therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: A multicenter, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63:46-55.
    • (2009) Int J Clin Pract , vol.63 , pp. 46-55
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Ellis, G.C.2    Fleck, P.R.3    Wilson, C.A.4    Mekki, Q.5
  • 138
  • 139
    • 73649128872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of alogliptin when administered with food, metformin, or cimetidine: A two-phase, crossover study in health subjects
    • Karim A, Covington P, Christopher R, et al. Pharmacokinetics of alogliptin when administered with food, metformin, or cimetidine: A two-phase, crossover study in health subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010;48:46-58.
    • (2010) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.48 , pp. 46-58
    • Karim, A.1    Covington, P.2    Christopher, R.3
  • 140
    • 70349510604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coadministration of pioglitazone or glyburide and alogliptin: Pharmacokinetic drug interaction assessment in healthy participants
    • Karim A, Laurent A, Munsaka M, Wann E, Fleck P, Mekki Q. Coadministration of pioglitazone or glyburide and alogliptin: Pharmacokinetic drug interaction assessment in healthy participants. J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;49:1210-1219.
    • (2009) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 1210-1219
    • Karim, A.1    Laurent, A.2    Munsaka, M.3    Wann, E.4    Fleck, P.5    Mekki, Q.6
  • 141
    • 70349314675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin added to pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study
    • Pratley R, Reusch J, Fleck P, Wilson C, Mekki Q. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin added to pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25:2361-2371.
    • (2009) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.25 , pp. 2361-2371
    • Pratley, R.1    Reusch, J.2    Fleck, P.3    Wilson, C.4    Mekki, Q.5
  • 142
    • 77951736738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of alogliptin combined with pioglitazone in glycemic controlin metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes
    • Abstr 2023
    • DeFronzo RA, Burant CF, Fleck P, Wilson C, Mekki Q, Pratley RE. Effect of alogliptin combined with pioglitazone in glycemic controlin metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2009; 58 Suppl 1:A519, Abstr 2023.
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Defronzo, R.A.1    Burant, C.F.2    Fleck, P.3    Wilson, C.4    Mekki, Q.5    Pratley, R.E.6
  • 143
    • 77951736738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of alogliptin combined with pioglitazone on glycemic control in metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes
    • Abstr 2024
    • Defronzo RA, Burant CF, Fleck P, Wilson C, Mekki Q, Pratley RE. Effect of alogliptin combined with pioglitazone on glycemic control in metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2009; 58 Suppl 1:A519-A520, Abstr 2024.
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Defronzo, R.A.1    Burant, C.F.2    Fleck, P.3    Wilson, C.4    Mekki, Q.5    Pratley, R.E.6
  • 144
    • 77951753119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of alogliptin combined with pioglitazone in patientswith Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise
    • Abstr 2036
    • Rosenstock J, Inzucchi S, Seufert J, Fleck P, Wilson C, Mekki Q. Efficacy and safety of alogliptin combined with pioglitazone in patientswith Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise. Diabetes. 2009;58 Suppl 1:A523, Abstr 2036.
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Rosenstock, J.1    Inzucchi, S.2    Seufert, J.3    Fleck, P.4    Wilson, C.5    Mekki, Q.6
  • 145
    • 84871342775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of combination therapy with alogliptin and pioglitazone in drug-naïve patients with Type 2 diabetes on b-cell function and insulin resistance
    • Abstr 2026
    • Inzucchi SE, Rosenstock J, Seufert J, Fleck P, Wilson C, Mekki Q. Effect of combination therapy with alogliptin and pioglitazone in drug-naïve patients with Type 2 diabetes on b-cell function and insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2009;58 Suppl 1:A520, Abstr 2026.
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Inzucchi, S.E.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Seufert, J.3    Fleck, P.4    Wilson, C.5    Mekki, Q.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.