Progress in automation of LC-MS in laboratory medicine

Clinical Biochemistry

Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 4-13

  Vogeser, Michael ^a   Kirchhoff, Fabian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Automation; LC MS MS, Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; Robustness; Sample preparation

Indexed keywords

AUTOMATION; CLINICAL LABORATORY; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; LABORATORY; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEDICINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; SOLVENT EXTRACTION;

AUTOMATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID; HUMANS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEDICINE;

EID: 78650882617     PISSN: 00099120     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.06.005     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Vogeser M., Seger C. A decade of HPLC-MS/MS in the routine clinical laboratory - goals for further developments. Clin Biochem 2008, 41:649-662.
2. Kronkvist K., Gustavsson M., Wendel A.K., Jaegfeldt H. Automated sample preparation for the determination of budesonide in plasma samples by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1998, 823:401-409.
3. Simpson H., Berthemy A., Buhrman D., Burton R., Newton J., Kealy M., et al. High throughput liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry bioanalysis using 96-well disk solid phase extraction plate for the sample preparation. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 1998, 12:75-82.
4. Schütze D., Boss B., Schmid J. Liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method for the analysis of a neurokinin-1 antagonist and its metabolite using automated solid-phase sample preparation and automated data handling and reporting. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2000, 748:55-64.
5. Masucci J.J., Caldwell G.G., Jones W.W., Juzwin S.S., Sasso P.P., Evangelisto M. The use of on-line and off-line chromatographic extraction techniques coupled with mass spectrometry for support of in vivo and in vitro assays in drug discovery. Curr Top Med Chem 2001, 1:463-471.
6. O'Connor D. Automated sample preparation and LC-MS for high-throughput ADME quantification. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 2002, 5:52-58.
7. Xu R.N., Fan L., Rieser M.J., El-Shourbagy T.A. Recent advances in high-throughput quantitative bioanalysis by LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007, 44:342-355.
8. Annesley T.M. Ion suppression in mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2003, 49:1041-1044.
9. Taylor P.J. Matrix effects: the Achilles heel of quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2005, 38:328-334.
10. de Jong W.H., Graham K.S., van der Molen J.C., Links T.P., Morris M.R., Ross H.A., et al. Plasma free metanephrine measurement using automated online solid-phase extraction HPLC tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2007, 53:1684-1693.
11. W.H. de Jong, M.H. Wilkens, E.G. de Vries, I.P. Kema. Automated mass spectrometric analysis of urinary and plasma serotonin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010;396:2609-13.
12. Dunér K., Bäckström J., Magnell N., Svennberg H., Ahnoff M., Logren U. Determination of ximelagatran, melagatran and two intermediary metabolites in plasma by mixed-mode solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007, 852:317-324.
13. Vogeser M., Spöhrer U. Automated processing of whole blood samples for the determination of immunosuppressants by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006, 44:1126-1130.
14. Alnouti Y., Srinivasan K., Waddell D., Bi H., Kavetskaia O., Gusev A.I. Development and application of a new on-line SPE system combined with LC-MS/MS detection for high throughput direct analysis of pharmaceutical compounds in plasma. J Chromatogr A 2005, 1080:99-106.
15. Koal T., Sibum M., Koster E., Resch K., Kaever V. Direct and fast determination of antiretroviral drugs by automated online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in human plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006, 44:299-305.
16. Ma J., Shi J., Le H., Cho R., Huang J.C., Miao S., et al. A fully automated plasma protein precipitation sample preparation method for LC-MS/MS bioanalysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008, 862:219-226.
17. Briem S., Pettersson B., Skoglund E. Description and validation of a four-channel staggered LC-MS/MS system for high-throughput in vitro screens. Anal Chem 2005, 77:1905-1910.
18. Briem S., Martinsson S., Bueters T., Skoglund E. Combined approach for high-throughput preparation and analysis of plasma samples from exposure studies. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2007, 21:1965-1972.
19. Gardner E.R., Dahut W., Figg W.D. Quantitative determination of total and unbound paclitaxel in human plasma following Abraxane treatment. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008, 862(1-2):213-218.
20. Peng S.X., Branch T.M., King S.L. Fully automated 96-well liquid-liquid extraction for analysis of biological samples by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2001, 73:708-714.
21. Zell M., Husser C., Hopfgartner G. Column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ionspray tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of the platelet inhibitor Ro 44-3888 and its pro-drug and precursor metabolite in plasma. J Mass Spectrom 1997, 32:23-32.
22. Veuthey J.L., Souverain S., Rudaz S. Column-switching procedures for the fast analysis of drugs in biologic samples. Ther Drug Monit 2004, 26:161-166.
23. Xia Y.Q., Whigan D.B., Powell M.L., Jemal M. Ternary-column system for high-throughput direct-injection bioanalysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2000, 14:105-111.
24. Vogeser M., Fleischer C., Meiser B., Groetzner J., Spöhrer U., Seidel D. Quantification of sirolimus by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using on-line solid-phase extraction. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002, 40:40-45.
25. Vogeser M., Kyriatsoulis A., Huber E., Kobold U. Candidate reference method for the quantification of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2004, 50:1415-1417.
26. Vogeser M., Schiel X., Spöhrer U. Quantification of voriconazole in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005, 43:730-734.
27. Vogeser M., Rieger C., Ostermann H., Spöhrer U. A routine method for the quantification of the novel antimycotic drug posaconazole in plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009, 47:579-584.
28. Wagner M., Bourgogne E., Varesio E., Hopfgartner G. Quantitation of polar analytes using column-switching: Application to oxycodone and three metabolites in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010, 878:637-644.
29. Guillén D., Cofán F., Ros E., Millán O., Cofán M., Rimola A., et al. Determination of atorvastatin and its metabolite ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin in human plasma by on-line anion-exchange solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009, 394:1687-1696.
30. Zimmer D., Pickard V., Czembor W., Müller C. Comparison of turbulent-flow chromatography with automated solid-phase extraction in 96-well plates and liquid-liquid extraction used as plasma sample preparation techniques for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1999, 854:23-35.
31. Sauvage F.L., Gaulier J.M., Lachâtre G., Marquet P. A fully automated turbulent-flow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique for monitoring antidepressants in human serum. Ther Drug Monit 2006, 28:123-130.
32. Singh R.J. Validation of a high throughput method for serum/plasma testosterone using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Steroids 2008, 73:1339-1344.
33. Wang S., Miller A. A rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of whole blood sirolimus using turbulent flow technology for online extraction. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008, 46:1631-1634.
34. Bunch D.R., Miller A.Y., Wang S. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 using a turbulent flow online extraction technology. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009, 47:1565-1572.
35. Xu X.S., Yan K.X., Song H., Lo M.W. Quantitative determination of a novel dual PPAR alpha/gamma agonist using on-line turbulent flow extraction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005, 814:29-36.
36. Zang X., Luo R., Song N., Chen T.K., Bozigian H. A novel on-line solid-phase extraction approach integrated with a monolithic column and tandem mass spectrometry for direct plasma analysis of multiple drugs and metabolites. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2005, 19:3259-3268.
37. Meinitzer A., Gartner G., Pilz S., Stettin M. Ultra fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry routine method for simultaneous determination of cyclosporin a, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus in whole blood using deuterated internal standards for cyclosporin A and everolimus. Ther Drug Monit 2010, 32:61-66.
38. Verdirame M., Veneziano M., Alfieri A., Di Marco A., Monteagudo E., Bonelli F. Turbulent Flow Chromatography TFC-tandem mass spectrometry supporting in vitro/vivo studies of NCEs in high throughput fashion. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010, 51:834-841.
39. Deng Y., Wu J.T., Lloyd T.L., Chi C.L., Olah T.V., Unger S.E. High-speed gradient parallel liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with fully automated sample preparation for bioanalysis: 30 seconds per sample from plasma. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2002, 16:1116-1123.
40. M.J. Ahsman, B.C. van der Nagel, R.A. Mathot. Quantification of midazolam, morphine and metabolites in plasma using 96-well solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; http://doi:10.102/bmc.1394.
41. Daurel-Receveur M., Titier K., Picard S.P., Ducint D., Moore N., Molimard M. Fully automated analytical method for mycophenolic acid quantification in human plasma using on-line solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Ther Drug Monit 2006, 4:505-511.
42. Eichhorst J.C., Etter M.L., Rousseaux N., Lehotay D.C. Drugs of abuse testing by tandem mass spectrometry: a rapid, simple method to replace immunoassays. Clin Biochem 2009, 42:1531-1542.
43. Marney L.C., Laha T.J., Baird G.S., Rainey P.M., Hoofnagle A.N. Isopropanol protein precipitation for the analysis of plasma free metanephrines by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2008, 54:1729-1732.
44. Erve J.C., Beyer C.E., Manzino L., Talaat R.E. Metabolite identification in rat brain microdialysates by direct infusion nanoelectrospray ionization after desalting on a ZipTip and LTQ/Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009, 23:4003-4012.
45. Almeida R., Mosoarca C., Chirita M., Udrescu V., Dinca N., Vukelić Z., et al. Coupling of fully automated chip-based electrospray ionization to high-capacity ion trap mass spectrometer for ganglioside analysis. Anal Biochem 2008, 378:43-52.
46. Shen J.X., Tama C.I., Hayes R.N. Evaluation of automated micro solid phase extraction tips (micro-SPE) for the validation of a LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006, 843:275-282.
47. Shen J.X., Xu Y., Tama C.I., Merka E.A., Clement R.P., Hayes R.N. Simultaneous determination of desloratadine and pseudoephedrine in human plasma using micro solid-phase extraction tips and aqueous normal-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2007, 21:3145-3155.
48. Blomberg L.G. Two new techniques for sample preparation in bioanalysis: microextraction in packed sorbent (MEPS) and use of a bonded monolith as sorbent for sample preparation in polypropylene tips for 96-well plates. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009, 393:797-807.
49. D. Vuckovic, X. Zhang, E. Cudjoe, J. Pawliszyn. Solid-phase microextraction in bioanalysis: New devices and directions. J Chromatogr A. 2010;1217:4041-60.
50. M. Abdel-Rehim. Recent advances in microextraction by packed sorbent for bioanalysis. J Chromatogr A 2010;1217:2569-80.
51. Vogeser M., Geiger A., Herrmann R., Kobold U. Sample preparation for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using functionalized ferromagnetic micro-particles. Clin Biochem 2008, 41:1417-1419.
52. Vogeser M., Geiger A., Herrmann R., Kobold U. Preparation of plasma samples for chromatographic analyses using functionalized ferromagnetic micro-particles manipulated in a high pressure liquid system. Clin Biochem 2009, 42:915-918.
53. Koster S., Verpoorte E. A decade of microfluidic analysis coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry: an overview. Lab Chip 2007, 7:1394-1412.
54. Vogeser M., Zachoval R., Spöhrer U., Jacob K. Potential lack of specificity using electrospray tandem-mass spectrometry for the analysis of mycophenolic acid in serum. Ther Drug Monit 2001, 23:722-724.
55. Vogeser M., Spöhrer U. Pitfall in the high-throughput quantification of whole blood cyclosporin A using LC-MS/MS. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005, 43:400-402.
56. Vogeser M., Seger C. Pitfalls Associated with the Use of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in the Clinical Laboratory. Clin Chem 2010 May 28, [Epub ahead of print].
57. Hu L., Boos K.S., Ye M., Wu R., Zou H. Selective on-line serum peptide extraction and multidimensional separation by coupling a restricted-access material-based capillary trap column with nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009, 1216:5377-5384.
58. Carter G.D. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D assays: the quest for accuracy. Clin Chem 2009, 55:1300-1302.
59. Eastern Health uncovers lab testing problem [document on the internet]. CBC online CBC News, Available from:. http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2010/02/23/nl-lab-cyclosporine-230210.html.
60. Wu J.T. The development of a staggered parallel separation liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry system with on-line extraction for high-throughout screening of drug candidates in biological fluids. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2001, 15:73-81.
61. Morrison D., Davies A.E., Watt A.P. An evaluation of a four-channel multiplexed electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for higher throughput quantitative analysis. Anal Chem 2002, 74:1896-1902.
62. Staack R.F., Varesio E., Hopfgartner G. The combination of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and chip-based infusion for improved screening and characterization of drug metabolites. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2005, 19:618-626.
63. Wagner M., Varesio E., Hopfgartner G. Ultra-fast quantitation of saquinavir in human plasma by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and selected reaction monitoring mode detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008, 872:68-76.
64. Briegel J., Sprung C.L., Annane D., Singer M., Keh D., Moreno R. Multicenter comparison of cortisol as measured by different methods in samples of patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2009, 35:2151-2156.
65. Sreekumar A., Poisson L.M., Rajendiran T.M., Khan A.P., Cao Q., Yu J., et al. Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature 2009, 457:910-914.
66. Seger C., Tentschert K., Stöggl W., Griesmacher A., Ramsay S.L. A rapid HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, sirolimus and everolimus in human blood samples. Nat Protoc 2009, 4:526-534.
67. Rauh M., Gröschl M., Rascher W., Dörr H.G. Automated, fast and sensitive quantification of 17 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone by tandem mass spectrometry with on-line extraction. Steroids 2006, 71:450-458.
68. Calton L.J., Molloy B.J., Keevil B.G., Cooper D.P. The analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum using semi-automated solid phase extraction and LC/MS/MS. Clin Chem 2009, A187-A188.
69. Knox S., Harris J., Calton L., Wallace A.M. A simple automated solid-phase extraction procedure for measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Ann Clin Biochem 2009, 46:226-230.
70. Ceglarek U., Kortz L., Leichtle A., Fiedler G.M., Kratzsch J., Thiery J. Rapid quantification of steroid patterns in human serum by on-line solid phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2009, 401:114-118.
71. Martin J., Deslandes G., Dailly E., Renaud C., Reliquet V., Raffi F., et al. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for quantification of nevirapine, indinavir, atazanavir, amprenavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, lopinavir, efavirenz, tipranavir, darunavir and maraviroc in the plasma of patients infected with HIV. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009, 877:3072-3082.
72. de Castro A., Concheiro M., Quintela O., Cruz A., López-Rivadulla M. LC-MS/MS method for the determination of nine antidepressants and some of their main metabolites in oral fluid and plasma. Study of correlation between venlafaxine concentrations in both matrices. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008, 48:183-193.
73. Breaud A.R., Harlan R., Di Bussolo J.M., McMillin G.A., Clarke W. A rapid and fully-automated method for the quantitation of tricyclic antidepressants in serum using turbulent-flow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2010 Mar 4, [Epub ahead of print].
74. Feng J., Wang L., Dai I., Harmon T., Bernert J.T. Simultaneous determination of multiple drugs of abuse and relevant metabolites in urine by LC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2007, 31:359-368.
75. Badawi N., Simonsen K.W., Steentoft A., Bernhoft I.M., Linnet K. Simultaneous screening and quantification of 29 drugs of abuse in oral fluid by solid-phase extraction and ultraperformance LC-MS/MS. Clin Chem 2009, 55:2004-2018.
76. Ansermot N., Fathi M., Veuthey J.L., Desmeules J., Rudaz S., Hochstrasser D. Simultaneous quantification of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus and everolimus in whole blood by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2008, 41:728-735.
77. Lensmeyer G.L., Poquette M.A. Therapeutic monitoring of tacrolimus concentrations in blood: semi-automated extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit 2001, 23:239-249.
78. Poquette M.A., Lensmeyer G.L., Doran T.C. Effective use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in the routine clinical laboratory for monitoring sirolimus, tacrolimus, and cyclosporine. Ther Drug Monit 2005, 27:144-150.
79. Schmedes A., Brandslund I. Analysis of methylmalonic acid in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2006, 52:754-757.