Trends in cancer immunotherapy

Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology

Volumn 4, Issue , 2010, Pages 67-80

  Murphy, Joseph F ^a  

^a ADELAIDE AND MEATH HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Antibodies; Cancer; Clinical trials; Cytokines; Immunotherapy; Peptides; Vaccines

Indexed keywords

ADENOVIRUS VECTOR; ALEMTUZUMAB; ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BETA INTERFERON; BEVACIZUMAB; CANCER VACCINE; CD40 LIGAND; CETUXIMAB; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DACARBAZINE; DACLIZUMAB; DENDRITIC CELL VACCINE; DENILEUKIN DIFTITOX; DOCETAXEL; GAMMA INTERFERON; GEMTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR VACCINE; IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN; INDOLEAMINE 2,3 DIOXYGENASE; INTERLEUKIN 2; IPILIMUMAB; NIMOTUZUMAB; PANITUMUMAB; RITUXIMAB; TOSITUMOMAB; TRASTUZUMAB; TUMOR ANTIGEN; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY; ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; ALOPECIA; ANGIOGENESIS; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; BONE MARROW CELL; BREAST CANCER; CANCER IMMUNOLOGY; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL BASED GENE THERAPY; CELL EXPANSION; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; DENDRITIC CELL; DRUG FEVER; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SCREENING; GLIOMA; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; GRAFT VERSUS LEUKEMIA EFFECT; HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOMODULATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; KAPOSI SARCOMA; KIDNEY CANCER; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; LEUKOPENIA; MACROPHAGE; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MALAISE; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; MYALGIA; NEOPLASM; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; OVARY CARCINOMA; PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; REPEATED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; STROMA CELL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR CELL; TUMOR GROWTH; VIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM;

EID: 78649430306     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11795549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s4795     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. Marincola FM, Jaffee EM, Hicklin DJ, Ferrone S. Escape of human solid tumors from T-cell recognition: molecular mechanisms and functional significance. Adv Immunol. 2000;74:181-273.
2. Groh V, Wu J, Yee C, Spies T. Tumor-derived soluble MIC ligands impair expression of NKG2D and T-cell activation. Nature. 2002;419:734-738.
3. Gabrilovich DI, Chen HL, Girgis KR, Production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human tumors inhibits the functional maturation of dendritic cells. Nature Med. 1996;2:1096-1103.
4. Wang T, Niu G, Kortylewski M, et al. Regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses by Stat-3 signaling in tumor cells. Nat Med. 2004;10(1):48-54.
5. Woo EY, Yeh H, Chu CS, et al. Cutting edge: Regulatory T-cells from lung cancer patients directly inhibit autologous T-cell proliferation. Immunol. 2002;168(9):4272-4276.
6. Engelhard VH, Bullock TN, Colella TA, Sheasley SL, Mullins DW. Antigens derived from melanocyte differentiation proteins: self-tolerance, autoimmunity, and use for cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Rev. 2002; 188:136-146.
7. Dunn GP, Old LJ, Schreiber RD. The three Es of cancer immunoediting. Annu Rev Immunol. 2004;22:29-60.
8. Takeda k., Kaisho T., Akira S. Toll like receptors. Ann Rev Immunol. 2003; 21:335-376.
9. Gorelik L, Flavell RA. Immune-mediated eradication of tumors through the blockade of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in T-cells. Nat Med. 2001;7(10):1118-1122.
10. Shanker A, Verdeil G, Buferne M, et al. CD8 T cell help for innate antitumor immunity. J Immunol. 2007;179(10):6651-6662.
11. Shanker A, Buferne M, Schmitt-Verhulst AM. Cooperative action of CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer cells controls tumour growth under conditions of restricted T-cell receptor diversity. Immunology. 2010; 129(1):41-54.
12. Narni-Mancinelli E, Campisi L, Bassand D, et al. Memory CD8+ T cells mediate antibacterial immunity via CCL3 activation of TNF/ROI+ phagocytes. J Exp Med. 2007;204(9):2075-2087.
13. Nishimura S, Manabe I, Nagasaki M, et al. CD8+ effector T cells contribute to macrophage recruitment and adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Nat Med. 2009;15(8):914-920.
14. Slack E, Hapfelmeier S, Stecher B, et al. Innate and adaptive immunity cooperate flexibly to maintain host-microbiota mutualism. Science. 2009;325(5940):617-620.
15. Guarda G, Dostert C, Staehli F, et al. T cells dampen innate immune responses through inhibition of NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Nature. 2009;460(7252):269-273.
16. Huang AY, Golumbek P, Ahmadzadeh M, Jaffee E, Pardoll D, Levitsky H. Role of bone marrow-derived cells in presenting MHC class I-restricted tumor antigens. Science. 1994;13:264(5161):961-965.
17. Gabrilovich D. Immunotherapy The Merck Manual. Editors. Porter RS. Kaplan JL. 2009.
18. Childs R, Chernoff A, Contentin N, et al. Regression of metastatic renalcell carcinoma after nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral-blood stemcell transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(11):750-758.
19. Macary PA, Too CT, Dai X. Targeting tumors by adoptive transfer of immune cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2006;33(5-6):569-574.
20. Rooney CM, Smith CA, Ng CY, et al. Infusion of cytotoxic T-cells for the prevention and treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoma in allogeneic transplant recipients. Blood. 1998;92(5):1549-1555.
21. Yee C, Thompson JA, Byrd D, et al. Adoptive T-cell therapy using antigenspecific CD8+ T-cell clones for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma: in vivo persistence, migration, and antitumor effect of transferred T-cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(25):16168-16173.
22. Bai XF, Liu J, Li O, Zheng P, Liu Y. Antigenic drift as a mechanism for tumor evasion of destruction by cytolytic T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(10):1487-1496.
23. Molling JW, Moreno M, de Groot J, et al. Chronically stimulated mouse invariant NKT cell lines have a preserved capacity to enhance protection against experimental tumor metastases. Immunol Lett. 2008;118(1):36-43.
24. Hockertz S. Present and Future of Cancer Vaccines. Toxicology. 2005; 214:(15):151-161.
25. Rosenberg S, Yang J. Restifo N. Cancer immunotherapy: moving beyond current vaccines. Nat Med. 2004;10:909-915.
26. Maeurer M, Martin D, Elder E, Storkus W, Lotze M. Detection of naturally processed and HLA-A1-presented melanoma T-cell epitopes defined by CD8(+) T-cells' release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor but not by cytolysis. Clin Cancer Res. 1996;2:87-95.
27. Hofmann S, Glückmann M, Kausche S, et al. Rapid and sensitive identification of major histocompatibility complex class I-associated tumor peptides by Nano-LC MALDI MS/MS. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2005;4:1888-1897.
28. Türeci O, Sahin U, Schobert I, et al. The SSX-2 gene, which is involved in the t(X;18) translocation of synovial sarcomas, codes for the human tumor antigen HOM-MEL-40. Cancer Res. 1996;56:4766-4772.
29. Kononen J, Bubendorf L, Kallioniemi A, et al. Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens. Nat Med. 1998;4:844-847.
30. Zhang L, Zhou W, Velculescu V, et al. Gene expression profiles in normal and cancer cells, Science. 276:1268-1272.
31. Pinkel D, Albertson D. Array comparative genomic hybridization and its applications in cancer. Nat Genet. 2005;37:S11-S17.
32. Brenner S, Johnson M, Bridgham J, et al. Expresssion analysis by massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) on microbead arrays. Nat Biotechnol. 2000;18:630-634.
33. Bucca G, Carruba G, Saetta A, Muti P, Castagnetta L, Smith C. Gene expression profiling of human cancers. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1028:28-37.
34. Valmori D, Dutoit V, Liénard D, et al. Naturally occurring human lymphocyte antigen-A2 restricted CD8+ T-cell response to the cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in melanoma patients, Cancer Res. 2000;60:4499-4506.
35. Nicholaou T, Ebert L, Davis I, et al. Directions in the immune targeting of cancer: Lessons learned from the cancer-testis Ag NY-ESO-1, Immunol. Cell Biol. 2006;84:303-317.
36. Barrow C, Browning J, MacGregor D, et al. Tumor antigen expression in melanoma varies according to antigen and stage. Clin Cancer Res. 2006; 12:764-771.
37. Ilett EJ, Preswich RJD, Melcher AA. The evolving role of dendritic cells in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2010;10(3):369-379.
38. Robson NC, Hoves S, Maraskovsky E, Schnurr M. Presentation of tumor antigens by dendritic cells and challenges faced. Curr Opin Immunol. [Epub ahead of print] 2010.
39. Banchereau J, Steinman RM. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature. 1994;392(6673):245-252.
40. Jungbluth AA, Busam KJ, Kolb D, et al. Expression of MAGE-antigens in normal tissues and cancer. Int J Cancer. 2000;85(4):460-465.
41. Redman BG, Chang AE, Whitfield J, et al. Phase Ib trial assessing autologous, tumor-pulsed dendritic cells as a vaccine administered with or without IL-2 in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Immunother. 2008;31(6):591-598.
42. Hersey P, Halliday GM, Farrelly ML, DeSilva C, Lett M, Menzies SW. Phase I/II study of treatment with matured dendritic cells with or without low dose IL-2 in patients with disseminated melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2008;57(7):1039-1051.
43. Song W, Kong HL, Carpenter H, et al. Dendritic cells genetically modified with an adenovirus vector encoding the cDNA for a model antigen induce protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity (1997). J Exp Med. 186(8):1247-1256.
44. Butterfield LH, Comin-Anduix B, Vujanovic L, et al. Adenovirus MART-1-engineered autologous dendritic cell vaccine for metastatic melanoma. J Immunother. 2008;31(3):294-309.
45. Tcherepanova IY, Adams MD, Feng X, et al. Ectopic expression of a truncated CD40 L protein from synthetic post-transcriptionally capped RNA in dendritic cells induces high levels of IL-12 secretion. BMC Mol Bio. 2008;9:90.
46. Melero I, Duarte M, Ruiz J, et al. Intratumoral injection of bone-marrow derived dendritic cells engineered to produce interleukin-12 induces complete regression of established murine transplantable colon adenocarcinomas. Gene Ther. 1999;6(10):1779-1784.
47. Gonzalez-Carmona MA, Lukacs-Kornek V, Timmerman A, et al. CD40 ligand-expressing dendritic cells induce regression of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating innate and acquired immunity in vivo. Hepatology. 2008;48(1):157-168.
48. Bonehill A, Van Nuffel AM, Corthals J, et al. Single-step antigen loading and activation of dendritic cells by mRNA electroporation for the purpose of therapeutic vaccination in melanoma patients. Clin Cancer. 2009; 15(10):3366-3375.
49. Pilla L, Patuzzo R, Rivoltini L, et al. A phase II trial of vaccination with autologous, tumor-derived heat-shock protein peptide complexes Gp96, in combination with GM-CSF and interferon-alpha in metastatic melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2006;55(8):958-968.
50. Khan S, Bijker MS, Weterings JJ, et al. Distinct uptake mechanisms but similar intracellular processing of two different toll-like receptor ligand-peptide conjugates in dendritic cells. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(29):21145-21159.
51. Errington F, Steele L, Prestwich R, et al. Reovirus activates human dendritic cells to promote innate antitumor immunity. J Immunol. 2008;180(9): 6018-6026.
52. Colombo P, Piconese S. Regulatory T-cell inhibition versus depletion: the right choice in cancer immunotherapy. Nature Reviews-Cancer. 2007;7:880-887.
53. Shimizu J, Yamazaki S, Sakaguchi S. Induction of tumor immunity by removing CD25CD4 T-cells: a common basis between tumor immunity and autoimmunity. J Immunol. 1999;163(10):5211-5218.
54. Chen X, Subleski JJ, Kopf H, Howard OM, Männel DN, Oppenheim JJ. Cutting edge: expression of TNFR2 defines a maximally suppressive subset of mouse CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells: applicability to tumor-infiltrating T regulatory cells. J Immunol. 2008;180(10):6467-6471.
55. Chen X, Subleski JJ, Hamano R, Howard OM, Wiltrout RH, Oppenheim JJ. Co-expression of TNFR2 and CD25 identifies more of the functional CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in human peripheral blood. Eur J Immunol. 2010;40(4):1099-1106.
56. Valzasina B, Piconese S, Guiducci C, Colombo MP. Tumor-induced expansion of regulatory T cells by conversion of CD4+ CD25+ lymphocytes is thymus and proliferation independent. Cancer Res. 2006;66:4488-4495.
57. Sjogren MH. Thymalfasin: an immune system enhancer for the treatment of liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;19(12):S69-S72.
58. Këlliçi S, Burazeri G. Thymosin alpha1: a promising molecule for important clinical applications. Med Arh. 2009;63(1):48-50.
59. Sutmuller RP, van Duivenvoorde LM, van Elsas A, et al. Synergism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade and depletion of CD25(+) regulatory T-cells in antitumor therapy reveals alternative pathways for suppression of autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. J Exp Med. 2001;194(6):823-832.
60. Comes A, Rosso O, Orengo AM, et al. CD25+ regulatory T cell depletion augments immunotherapy of micrometastases by an IL-21-secreting cellular vaccine. J Immunol. 2006;176:1750-1758.
61. Betts G, Twohig J, Van den Broek M, Sierro S, Godkin A, Gallimore A. The impact of regulatory T cells on carcinogen-induced sacrogenesis. Br J Cancer. 2007;96:1849-1854.
62. Waldmann TA. Daclizumab (anti-Tac, Zenepax) in the treatment of leukemia/ lymphoma. Oncogene. 2007;26:3699-3703.
63. Hou DY. Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in dendritic cells by stereoisomers of 1-methyl-tryptophan correlates with anti-tumor responses. Cancer Res. 2007;67:792-801.
64. Ghiringelli F, Puig PE, Roux S, et al. Tumor cells convert immature myeloid dendritic cells into TGFb-secreting cells inducing CD4+ CD25+regulatory T cell proliferation. J Exp Med. 2005;202:919-929.
65. Shimuzu J, Yamazaki S, Takahashi T, Ishida Y, Sakaguchi S. Stimulation of CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells through GITR breaks immunological self-tolerance. Nature Immunol. 2002;3:135-142.
66. Gabrilovich DI, Nagaraj S. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system. Nature Reviews/Immunology. 2009;9:162-174.
67. Young MRI, Newby M, Wepsic TH. Hematopoiesis and suppressor bone marrow cells in mice bearing large metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma tumors. Cancer Res. 1987;47:100-106.
68. Sinha P, Clements VK, Bunt SK, Albelda SM, Ostrang-Rosenberg S. Crosstalk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages subverts tumor immunity toward a type 2 response. J Immunol. 2007;179:977-983.
69. Delano MJ. MyD88-dependent expansion of an immature GR-1+ CD11b+population induces T cell suppression and Th2 polarization in sepsis. J Exp Med. 2007;204:1463-1474.
70. Mantovani A, Sica A, Allavena P, Garlanda C, Locati M. Tumor-associated macrophages and the related myeloid-derived suppressor cells as a paradigm of the diversity of macrophage activation. Human Immunology. 2009;70:325-330.
71. Savage ND, dr Boer T, Walburg KV, et al. Human anti-inflammatory macrophage induce Foxp3-GITR CD25+ regulatory T cells, which suppress via membrane-bound TGFbeta-1. J Immunol. 2008;181:2220-2226.
72. Tiemessen MM, Jagger AL, Evans HG, van Herwijnen MJ, John S, Taams LS. CD4 CD25 Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induce alternative activation of human monocytes/macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104: 19446-19451.
73. De palma M, Murdoch C, Venneri MA, Naldini L, Lewis CE. Tie2-expressing monocytes: Regulation of tumor angiogenesis and therapeutic implications. Trends Immunol. 2007;28:519-524.
74. Menon A, Fleuren G, Alphenaar E, et al. A basal membrane-like structure surrounding tumor nodules may prevent intraepithelial leucocyte infiltration in colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2003;52:121-126.
75. Hofmeister V, Vetter C, Schrama D, Bröcker E, Becker J. Tumor stromaassociated antigens for anti-cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2006;55:481-494.
76. Yu P, Rowley D, Fu Y, Schreiber H. The role of stroma in immune recognition and destruction of well-established solid tumors. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006;18:226-231.
77. Yang F, Tuxhorn J, Ressler S, McAlhany S, Dang T, Rowley D. Stromal expression of connective tissue growth factor promotes angiogenesis and prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 2005;65:8887-8895.
78. Vosseler S, Mirancea N, Bohlen P, Mueller M, Fusenig N. Angiogenesis inhibition by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 blockade reduces stromal matrix metalloproteinase expression, normalizes stromal tissue, and reverts epithelial tumor phenotype in surface heterotransplants. Cancer Res. 2005;65:1294-1305.
79. Tuxhorn J, McAlhany S, Yang F, Dang T, Rowley D. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta activity decreases angiogenesis in a human prostate cancer-reactive stroma xenograft model. Cancer Res. 2002;62:6021-6025.
80. Zhou H, Luo Y, Mizutani M, Mizutani N, Reisfeld R, Xiang R. T-cell-mediated suppression of angiogenesis results in tumor protective immunity. Blood. 2005;106 2026-2032.
81. Jain R. Normalization of tumor vasculature: an emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science. 2005;307:58-62.
82. Strasly M, Cavallo F, Geuna M, et al. IL-12 inhibition of endothelial cell functions and angiogenesis depends on lymphocyte-endothelial cell crosstalk. J Immunol. 2001;166:3890-3899.
83. Blohm U, Potthoff D, van der Kogel V, Pircher H. Solid tumors "melt" from the inside after successful CD8 T-cell attack. Eur J Immunol. 2006; 36:468-477.
84. Mocellin S, Pilati P, Nitti D. Peptide-based anticancer vaccines: recent advances and future perspectives. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2009;16: 4779-4796.
85. Jager E, Ringhoffer M, Karbach J, Arand M, Oesch F, Knuth A. Inverse relationship of melanocyte differentiation antigen expression in melanoma tissues and CD8+ cytotoxic-T-cell responses: evidence for immunoselection of antigen-loss variants in vivo. Int J Cancer. 1996;66:470-476.
86. Maeurer MJ, Gollin SM, Martin D, et al. Tumor escape from immune recognition: lethal recurrent melanoma in a patient associated with downregulation of the peptide transporter protein TAP-1 and loss of expression of the immunodominant MART-1/Melan-A antigen. J Clin Invest. 1996; 98:1633-1641.
87. Gottschalk S, Ng CY, Perez M, et al. An Epstein-Barr virus deletion mutant associated with fatal lymphoproliferative disease unresponsive to therapy with virus-specific CTLs. Blood. 2001;97:835-843.
88. Yewdell JW. The seven dirty little secrets of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen processing. Immunol Rev. 2005;207:8-18.
89. Seliger B, Maeurer MJ, Ferrone S. Antigen-processing machinery breakdown and tumor growth. Immunol Today. 2000;21:455-464.
90. Marincola FM, Jaffee EM, Hicklin DJ, Ferrone S. Escape of human solid tumors from T-cell recognition: molecular mechanisms and functional significance. Adv Immunol. 2000;74:181-273.
91. Zang X, Allison JP. The B7 family and cancer therapy: costimulation and coinhibition. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:5271-5279.
92. Seliger B, Ritz U, Abele R, et al. Immune escape of melanoma: first evidence of structural alterations in two distinct components of the MHC class I antigen processing pathway. Cancer Res. 2001;61:8647-8650.
93. Weiner LM. Cancer immunotherapy-the endgame begins. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(25):2664-2665.
94. Finn OJ. Cancer immunology. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(25):2704-2715.
95. Pardoll D. T-cells take aim at cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(25): 15840-15842.
96. Dummer R, Hauschild A, Jost L. Cutaneous malignant melanoma: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2008;19:1186-1188.
97. Atkins MB, Lotze MT, Dutcher JP, et al. High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: analysis of 270 patients treated between 1985 and 1993. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(7):2105-2116.
98. Armstrong AC, Eaton, D, Ewing JC. Science, medicine, and the future: Cellular immunotherapy for cancer. BMJ. 2001;323(7324):1289-1293.
99. Kim-Schulze S, Taback B, Kaufman HL. Cytokine therapy for cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2007;16(4):793-818.
100. Hodi S, Dranoff G. Combinatorial Cancer Immunotherapy. Advances in Immunology. 2006;90:341-368. Editors. Allison JP, Dranoff G, Alt FW.
101. Cohen EP, Chopra A, O-Sullivan I, Kim TS. Enhancing cellular cancer vaccines. Immunotherapy. 2009;1(3):495-504.
102. Wang Q, Ornstein M, Kaufman HL. Imaging the immune response to monitor tumor immunotherapy. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009;8(10):1427-1437.
103. Axevanis CN, Perez SA, Papamichail M. Cancer Immunotherapy. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2009;46(4):167-189.
104. Meleroet I, Hervas-Stubbs S, Glennie M, pardoll DM, Chen L. Immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007;7:95-106.
105. Frazier JL, Han JE, Lim M, Olivi A. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of tumors. Neurosurg Clin Am. 2010;21: 187-194.
106. Ribas A, Camacho LH, Lopez-Berestein G, et al. Antitumor activity in melanoma and anti-self responses in a phase I trial with the anti-cytoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 monoclonal antibody CP-675,206. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:8968-8977.
107. Maker AV, Yang JC, sherry RM, et al. Intrapatient dose escalation of anti-CTLA-4 antibody in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Immunother. 2006;29:455-563.
108. Hersh E, Weber J, Powderley J. Disease control and long trem survival in chemotherapy naove patients with advanced melanoma with ipilimumab (MDX-010) with or without dacarbazine. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(abstr 9022):488s.
109. Small EJ, Higano C, Tchekmedyian NS. Randomized phase II study comparing 4 monthly doses of ipilimumab (MDX-010) as a single agent or in combination with a single dose of doxetaxel in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(abstr 4069):243s.
110. Maker AV, Phan GQ, attia P, et al. Tumor regression and autoimmunity in patients treated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade and interlukin-2: a phase I/II study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005; 12:1005-1016.
111. Attia P, Phan GQ, maker AV, et al. Autoimmunity correlates with tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:6043-6053.
112. Wheeler CJ, Das A, Liu G, Yu JS, Black KL. Clinical responsiveness of glioblastoma multiforme to chemotherapy after vaccination. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:5316-5326.
113. Harrop R, Drury N, Shingler W, et al. Vaccination of colorectal cancer patients with TroVax given alongside chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil, leukovorin and irinotecan) is safe and induces potent immune responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2008;57:977-986.
114. Yanagimoto H, Mine T, Yamamoto K. immunological evaluation of personalized peptide vaccination with gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci. 2007;98:605-611.
115. Arlen PM, Gulley JL, Parker C. A randomized phase II study of concurrent docetaxel plus vaccine versus vaccine alone in metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(4):1260-9.
116. Antinio SJ, Mirza N, Fricke L. Combination of p53 cancer vaccine with chemotherapy in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:878-887.
117. Appay V, Voelter V, Rufer N, et al. Immunological evaluation of personalized peptide vaccination with gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci. 2007;97:605-611.
118. Dudley ME, wunderlich JR, Yang JC, et al. Adoptive cell transfer therapy following nonmyeloablative but lymphodepleting chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2346-2357.
119. Clynes RA, Towers TL, Presta LG, Ravetch JV. Inhibitory Fc receptors modulate in vivo cytoxicity against tumor targets. Nat Med. 2000;6(4): 443-446.
120. Vincenzi B, Zoccoli A, Pantano F, Venditti O, Galluzzo S. Cetuximab: From Bench to Bedside. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. [Epub ahead of print] 2010.
121. Carter PJ, Senter PD. Antibody-drug conjugates for cancer therapy. Cancer J. 2008;14(3):154-169.