Alcohol metabolism and health hazards associated with alcohol abuse in a South African context: A review

South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 23, Issue 3 SUPPL. 1, 2010, Pages

  Pisa, P T ^a   Loots, D T ^a   Nienaber, C ^a  

^a NORTH WEST UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Alcohol metabolism; Binge drinking; South Africa; Teratogenic effects

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; CATALASE; CYTOCHROME P450 2E1; FATTY ACID ESTER; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE;

ACNE; AEROBIC METABOLISM; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ALCOHOL BLOOD LEVEL; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ALCOHOL INTOXICATION; ALCOHOL LIVER DISEASE; ALCOHOL METABOLISM; ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL; ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; ANXIETY; BIRTH DEFECT; BREAST ATROPHY; CEREBELLUM DEGENERATION; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ESOPHAGUS RUPTURE; EXPIRED AIR; FATTY LIVER; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; FIRST PASS EFFECT; GASTRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL REFLUX; GENITAL MALFORMATION; HALLUCINATION; HANGOVER; HEALTH HAZARD; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART FAILURE; HEART PALPITATION; HIRSUTISM; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOGLYCEMIA; IMPOTENCE; KORSAKOFF PSYCHOSIS; LIBIDO DISORDER; LIVER CANCER; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FAILURE; MALABSORPTION; MALNUTRITION; MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OXIDATION; PANCREATITIS; PARALYSIS; PENIS DISEASE; PNEUMONIA; REVIEW; SKIN BURNING SENSATION; SOUTH AFRICA; STROKE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; SUBDURAL HEMATOMA; SWEATING; TERATOGENESIS; TESTIS DISEASE; TREMOR; WEAKNESS; WEIGHT REDUCTION; WERNICKE ENCEPHALOPATHY;

EID: 78249277173     PISSN: 16070658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2010.11734295     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
2. Lieber CS. Alcoholic fatty liver: its pathogenesis and mechanism of progression to inflammation and fibrosis. Alcohol 2004;34:9-19.
3. Caballeria J. Current concepts in alcohol metabolism. Ann Hepatol 2003;2:60-68.
4. Lieber CS. Metabolism of alcohol. Clin Liver Dis 2005;9:1-35.
5. Lieber CS. Ethanol metabolism, cirrhosis and alcoholism. Clin Chim Acta 1997;257:59-84.
6. World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for monitoring alcohol consumption and harm. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. Geneva: WHO, 2000.
7. Arteel GE. Oxidants and antioxidants in alcohol-induced liver disease. J Gastroenterol 2003;124:778-90.
8. Ericksson CJ. The role of acetaldehyde in the actions of alcohol (update 2000). Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001;25:15-32.
9. Salaspuro M. Epidemiological aspects of alcoholic liver disease, ethanol metabolism and pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999:1157-78.
10. Domschke S, Domschke W, Lieber CS. Hepatic redox state: attenuation of the acute effects of ethanol induced by chronic ethanol consumption. Life Sci 1974;15:1327-34.
11. Lieber CS. Hepatic metabolic and toxic effects of ethanol: 1991 update. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1991;15:573-92.
12. Lieber CS, Decarli LM. Hepatic microsomal ethanol oxidising system: in vitro characteristics and adaptative properties in vivo. J Biol Chem 1970;245:2505-12.
13. Dupont I, Lucas D, Clot P, Menez C, Albano E. Cytochrome P4502E1 inducibility and hydroxyethyl radical formation among alcoholics. J Hepatol 1998;28:64-71.
14. Nieto N, Friedman SL, Greenwel P, Cederbaum AI. CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress induces collagen type 1 expression in rat hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology 1999;30:987-96.
15. Handler JA, Thurman RG. Redox interactions between catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase pathways of ethanol metabolism in perfused rat lives. J Biol Chem 1990;265:1510-15.
16. Hernandez-Munoz R, Caballeria J, Baraona, E, Uppal R, Greenstein R, Lieber CS. Human gastric alcohol dehydrogenase: Its inhibition by H2-receptor antagonists and its effect on the bioavailability of ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1990;14:946-50.
17. Moreno A, Pares X. Purification and characterization of a new alcohol dehydrogenase from the stomach. J Biol Chem 1991;266:1128-33.
18. Yin SJ, Wang MF, Liao CS. Identification of a human stomach alcohol dehydrogenase with distinctive kinetic properties. Biochem Int 1990;22:829-35.
19. Julkunen RJH, Dipadova C, Lieber CS. First pass metabolism of ethanol: a gastrointestinal barrier against the systemic toxicity of ethanol. J Life Sci 1985;37:567-73.
20. Dohmen K, Baraona E, Ishibashi H, et al. Ethnic differences in gastric sigma alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol first pass metabolism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996;20:1569-76.
21. Caballeria J, Frezza M, Hernandez-Munoz R, et al. The gastric origin of the first-pass metabolites of ethanol in humans: effect of gastrectomy. J Gastroenterol 1989;97:1205-09.
22. Caballeria J. First pass metabolism of ethanol: its role as a determinant of blood alcohol levels after drinking. J Hepatogastroenterol 1992;39:62-6.
23. Jokelainen K, Siitonen A, Jousimies-Somer, H, Nosova T, Heine R, Salaspuro M. In vitro alcohol dehydrogenase-mediated acetaldehyde production by aerobic bacterial representing the normal colonic flora in man. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996;20:967-72.
24. Salaspuro M. Bacteriocolonic pathway for ethanol oxidation. Ann Med 1996;28:195-200.
25. Frezza M, Di Padova C, Pozzato G, Terpin M, Baraona E, Lieber CS. High blood alcohol levels in women. The role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism. N Engl J Med 1990;322:95-9.
26. Yin SJ, Liao CS, Wu CW, et al. Human stomach alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases: comparison of expression pattern and activities in alimentary tract. Gastroenterology 1997;112:766-75.
27. Seitz HK, Egerer G, Simanowski U.A, et al. Human gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity: effect of age, gender and alcoholism. Gut 1993;34:1433-7.
28. Laposata EA, Lange LG. Presence of nonoxidative ethanol metabolism in human organs commonly damaged by ethanol abuse. Science 1986;231:497-9.
29. Kalant, H. Pharmacokinetics of ethanol: absorption, distribution and elimination. In: Begleiter H, Kissin B, eds: The pharmacology of alcohol and alcohol dependence. New York: Oxford University Press USA; 1996:15-58.
30. Ericksson CJP. Human blood acetaldehyde during ethanol oxidation (update 1982). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1983;18:141-50.
31. Carmichael FJ, Saldivia V, Varghese GA, Israel Y, Orrego H. Ethanol-induced increase in portal blood flow. Role of acetate and A1 and A2 adenosine receptors. Am J Physiol 1988;2225:417-23.
32. Van Heerden IV, Parry CDH. If you drink alcohol, drink sensibly. S Afr J Clin Nutr 2001;14(3):S71-7.
33. Mclntosh C, Chick J. Alcohol and the nervous system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:16-21.
34. Homewood J, Bond NW. Thiamine deficiency and Korsakoff's syndrome: failure to find memory impairments following non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy. Alcohol 1999;19(1):75-84.
35. Aminoff, M.J., Greenberg, D.A., Simon, R.P. Clinical Neurology. 6th edition. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill; 2005:113.
36. Thomson AD, Cook CH, Touquet R, Henry JA. The Royal College of Physicians' report on alcohol: Guidelines for managing Wernick's encephalopathy in the accident and emergency department. Alcohol Alcohol 2002;37(6):513-21.
37. Monforte R, Estruch R, Valls-Solé J, Nicolás J, Villalta J, Urbano-Marquez A. Autonomic and peripheral neuropathies in patients with chronic alcoholism. A dose-related toxic effect of alcohol. Arch Neurol 1995;52(1):45-51.
38. Urbano-Marquez A, Estruch R, Navarro-Lopez F, Grau JM, Mont L, Rubin E. The effects of alcoholism on skeletal and cardiac muscle. N Engl J Med 1989;320(7):409-15.
39. Wiese JG, Shlipak MG, Browner WS. The alcohol hangover. Ann Intern Med 2000;132(11):897-902.
40. Schuppan D, Atkinson J, Ruehl M, Rieken E.O. Alcohol and liver fibrosis-pathobiochemistry and treatment. Z Gastroenterol 1995;33:546-50.
41. Lieber CS. Alcoholic liver injury: pathogenesis and therapy in 2001. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2001;49:738-52.
42. Wang JH, Batey RG, George J. Role of ethanol in the regulation of hepatic stellate cell function. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:6926-32.
43. Tsukamoto H, Lu SC. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. FASEB J 2001;15:1335-49.
44. Matsuoka M, Zhang MY, Tsukamoto H. Sensitization of hepatic lipocytes by high-fat diet to stimulatory effects if Kupffer cell-derived factors: implication in alcoholic liver fibrogenesis. Hepatology 1990;11:173-82.
45. Tsukamoto H, Cheng S, Blanner WS. Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fat on ethanol-induced Ito cell activation. Am J Physiol 1996;270:581-6.
46. Casini A, Cunningham M, Rojkind M, Lieber CS. Acetaldehyde increases procollagen type 1 and fibronectin gene transcription in cultured rat fat-storing cells through a protein synthesis dependent mechanism. Hepatology 1991;13:758-65.
47. Anania FA, Potter JJ, Rennie-Tankersley L, Mezey E. Activation by acetaldehyde of the promoter of the mouse alpha 2 (1) collagen gene when transfected into rat activated stellate cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 1996;331:187-3.
48. Chen A. Acetaldehyde stimulates the activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta1 and induces expression of the type 2 receptor of the cytokine in rat cultured hepatic stellate cells. Biochem J 2002;368:683-93.
49. Cahill A, Cunningham CC, Adachi M, et al. Effects of alcohol and oxidative stress on liver pathology: the role of the mitochondria. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002;26:907-15.
50. Nieto N, Friedman SL, Cederbaum AI. Stimulation and proliferation of primary rat hepatic stellate cells by cytochrome P4502E1 derived reactive oxygen species. Hepatology 2002;35:62-73. (Pubitemid 34032544)
51. Aroor AR, Shukla SD. MAP kinase signalling in diverse effects of ethanol. Life Sci 2004; 74:2339-64.
52. Parola M, Robino G, Marra F, et al. HNE interacts directly with JNK isoforms in human hepatic stellate cells. J Clin Invest 1998;102:1942-50.
53. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: alcohol drinking summary of data reported and Evaluation. Lyon: IARC Press; 1988:Vol 44.
54. Garro AJ, Lieber CS. Alcohol and cancer. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1990;30:219-49.
55. Blot WJ, Mclaughlin JK, Winn DM, et al. Smoking and drinking in relation to oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res 1988;48:3282-7.
56. Bennet HS, Baggenstgors AH, Butt HR. The testes, breast and prostate in men who die of cirrhosis of liver. Am J Clin Pathol 1950;20:814-28.
57. Ylikahri R, Huttunen M, Harkonen M, Adlercreutz H. Hangover and testosterone. BMJ 1974;2:445.
58. Mendelson JM, Ellingboe J, Mello NK, Kuehnli J. Effects of alcohol on plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1978;2:255-8.
59. Van Thiel DH, Gavaler JS, Lester R, Goodman MD. Alcohol induced testicular atrophy: an experimental model for hypogonadism occurring in chronic alcoholic man. Gastroenterology 1975;69:326-32.
60. Kucheria K, Saxena R, Mohan D. Semen analysis in alcohol dependence syndrome. Andrologia 1985;17:558-63.
61. Brzek A. Alcohol and male fertility (preliminary report). Andrologia 1987;19:32-6.
62. Mello NK, Mendelson JH, Teoh SK. Overview of the effects of alcohol on the neuroendocrine function in women. In: Zakhari S, ed. Alcohol and the endocrine system. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Research Monograph No 23. NIH Pub, No 93-3533. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 1993: 139-69.
63. Sarkola T, Adlercreutz H, Heinonen S, Von der Pahlen B, Eriksson CJP. The role of the liver in the acute effect of alcohol on androgens in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1981-5.
64. Emanuele MA, Wezeman F, Emanuele NV. Alcohol's effects on female reproductive function. Alcohol Health Res World 2002;26:274-81.
65. Leonardson GR, Loudenburg R. Risk factors for alcohol use during pregnancy in a multistate area. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2003;25:651-8.
66. Hoyme HE, May PA, Kalberg WO, et al. A practical clinical approach to diagnosis of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: clarification of the 1996 Institute of Medicine Criteria. Paediatrics 2005;115(1):39-47.
67. Shankaran S, Das A, Baur CR, et al. Association between patterns of maternal substance use and infant birth weight, length, and head circumference. Paediatrics 2004;114(2):226-34.
68. Burd L, Martsolf J, Klug MG, O'Connor E, Peterson M. Prenatal alcohol exposure assessment: multiple embedded measures in a prenatal questionnaire. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2003;25:675-9. (b)
69. O'Leary CM. Foetal alcohol syndrome: diagnosis, epidemiology, and developmental outcomes. J Paediatr Child Health 2004;40:2-7.
70. Burd L, Cotsonas-Hassler TM, Martsolf JT, Kerbeshian J. Recognition and management of foetal alcohol syndrome. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2003;25:681-8. (a)
71. Struck J. Four-State FAS Consortium: model for program implementation and data collection. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2003;25:643-9.
72. Walsh Dotson J, Henderson D, Magraw M. A public health program for preventing foetal alcohol syndrome among women at risk in Montana. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2003;25:757-61.
73. Whitney EN, Rolfes SR. Understanding nutrition. 9th edition. Belmont, CA: West/Wadsworth USA; 2001:695-7.
74. Rehm J, Rehn N, Room R, et al. The global distribution of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking. Eur Addict Res 2003;9:147-56. (Pubitemid 37140369)
75. Parry CD, Plüddemann A, Steyn K, Bradshaw D, Norman R, Laubscher R. Alcohol use in South Africa: findings from the first demographic and health survey (1998). J Stud Alcohol 2005;66 (1):91-7.
76. Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa. HSRC research findings: drug and alcohol intake's contribution to crime. Media release, Pretoria: HSRC; 1996.
77. McKee M. Alcohol in Russia. Alcohol Alcohol. 1999;34(6):824-9.
78. Vorster HH. The emergence of cardiovascular disease during urbanization of Africans. Public Health Nutr 2002;5(1A):239-43.
79. Khan S, Murray RP, Barnes GE. A structural equation model of the effect of poverty and unemployment on alcohol abuse. Addict Behav 2002;27(3):405-23.
80. De Gaetano G, Di Castelnuovo A, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. The Mediterranean lecture: wine and thrombosis-from epidemiology to physiology and back. Path Haem Throm; 33(5/6):466-71.
81. Grobbee DE, Rimm EB, Keil U, Renaud S. Alcohol and the cardiovascular system. In: Macdonald I, ed. Health issues related to alcohol consumption. London: Blackwell Science Britain; 1999:125-79.
82. Rotondo S, Di Castelnuovo A, De Gaetano G. The relationship between wine consumption and cardiovascular risk, from epidemiological evidence to biological plausibility. Ital Heart J 2001;2:1-8.
83. Srivastava LM, Vasisht S, Agarwal DP, Goedde HW. Relation between alcohol intake, lipoproteins and coronary heart disease: the interest continues. Alcohol Alcohol 1994;29:11-24.
84. Goldberg DM, Soleas GJ. Beverage alcohol consumption as a negative risk factor for coronary heart disease, biochemical mechanisms. In: Agarwal DP, Seitz HK, eds. Alcohol in health and disease. New York: Marcel Dekker USA; 2001:547-72.
85. Agarwal DP. Cardioprotective effects of light-moderate consumption of alcohol: a review of putative mechanisms. Alcohol Alcohol 2002;37(5):409-15.