Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in amyloidosis

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science

Volumn 93, Issue C, 2010, Pages 309-334

  Zhang, Xiao ^a   Li, Jin Ping ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Amyloid; Amyloidosis; Heparan sulfate

Indexed keywords

PROTEOHEPARAN SULFATE;

AMYLOIDOSIS; ANIMAL; METABOLISM; MOUSE; MOUSE MUTANT; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

AMYLOIDOSIS; ANIMALS; HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT;

EID: 77958181326     PISSN: 18771173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1877-1173(10)93013-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (168)

1. P. Westermark, M.D. Benson, J.N. Buxbaum, A.S. Cohen, B. Frangione, and S. Ikeda Amyloid: toward terminology clarification. Report from the nomenclature committee of the international society of amyloidosis Amyloid 12 2005 1 4
2. K. Sideras, and M.A. Gertz Amyloidosis Adv Clin Chem 47 2009 1 44
3. J. van Horssen, P. Wesseling, L.P. van den Heuvel, R.M. de Waal, and M.M. Verbeek Heparan sulphate proteoglycans in Alzheimer's disease and amyloid-related disorders Lancet Neurol 2 2003 482 492
4. M. Bernfield, M. Gotte, P.W. Park, O. Reizes, M.L. Fitzgerald, and J. Lincecum Functions of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans Annu Rev Biochem 68 1999 729 777
5. U. Lindahl, and J.P. Li Interactions between heparan sulfate and proteins-design and functional implications Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 276 2009 105 159
6. J.R. Bishop, M. Schuksz, and J.D. Esko Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology Nature 446 2007 1030 1037
7. R.A. Kyle Amyloidosis: a convoluted story Br J Haematol 114 2001 529 538
8. R.S. Harrison, P.C. Sharpe, Y. Singh, and D.P. Fairlie Amyloid peptides and proteins in review Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 159 2007 1 77
9. A.S. Cohen, and E. Calkins Electron microscopic observations on a fibrous component in amyloid of diverse origins Nature 183 1959 1202 1203
10. J.D. Sipe, and A.S. Cohen Review: history of the amyloid fibril J Struct Biol 130 2000 88 98
11. A.J. Geddes, K.D. Parker, E.D. Atkins, and E. Beighton "Cross-beta" conformation in proteins J Mol Biol 32 1968 343 358
12. F. Chiti, and C.M. Dobson Protein misfolding, functional amyloid, and human disease Annu Rev Biochem 75 2006 333 366
13. P. Tompa Structural disorder in amyloid fibrils: its implication in dynamic interactions of proteins FEBS J 276 2009 5406 5415
14. C. Soto, and L.D. Estrada Protein misfolding and neurodegeneration Arch Neurol 65 2008 184 189
15. P. Westermark, M.D. Benson, J.N. Buxbaum, A.S. Cohen, B. Frangione, and S. Ikeda A primer of amyloid nomenclature Amyloid 14 2007 179 183
16. P.N. Hawkins Amyloidosis Blood Rev 9 1995 135 142
17. M.B. Pepys Amyloidosis Annu Rev Med 57 2006 223 241
18. C.S. Georgiades, E.G. Neyman, M.A. Barish, and E.K. Fishman Amyloidosis: review and CT manifestations Radiographics 24 2004 405 416
19. H.J. Lachmann, and P.N. Hawkins Systemic amyloidosis Curr Opin Pharmacol 6 2006 214 220
20. G. Merlini, and P. Westermark The systemic amyloidoses: clearer understanding of the molecular mechanisms offers hope for more effective therapies J Intern Med 255 2004 159 178
21. G. Cunnane Amyloid precursors and amyloidosis in inflammatory arthritis Curr Opin Rheumatol 13 2001 67 73
22. T. Yamada Serum amyloid A (SAA): a concise review of biology, assay methods and clinical usefulness Clin Chem Lab Med 37 1999 381 388
23. S. Urieli-Shoval, R.P. Linke, and Y. Matzner Expression and function of serum amyloid A, a major acute-phase protein, in normal and disease states Curr Opin Hematol 7 2000 64 69
24. T.B. Ledue, D.L. Weiner, J.D. Sipe, S.E. Poulin, M.F. Collins, and N. Rifai Analytical evaluation of particle-enhanced immunonephelometric assays for C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and mannose-binding protein in human serum Ann Clin Biochem 35 Pt 6 1998 745 753
25. H.J. Lachmann, H.J. Goodman, J.A. Gilbertson, J.R. Gallimore, C.A. Sabin, and J.D. Gillmore Natural history and outcome in systemic AA amyloidosis N Engl J Med 356 2007 2361 2371
26. M.A. Gertz, and R.A. Kyle Secondary systemic amyloidosis: response and survival in 64 patients Medicine (Baltimore) 70 1991 246 256
27. G.G. Glenner, D. Ein, E.D. Eanes, H.A. Bladen, W. Terry, and D.L. Page Creation of "amyloid" fibrils from Bence Jones proteins in vitro Science 174 1971 712 714
28. G.G. Glenner, W. Terry, M. Harada, C. Isersky, and D. Page Amyloid fibril proteins: proof of homology with immunoglobulin light chains by sequence analyses Science 172 1971 1150 1151
29. B. Sirohi, and R. Powles Epidemiology and outcomes research for MGUS, myeloma and amyloidosis Eur J Cancer 42 2006 1671 1683
30. M.A. Gertz, M.Q. Lacy, A. Dispenzieri, and S.R. Hayman Amyloidosis Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 18 2005 709 727
31. R.A. Kyle, and M.A. Gertz Primary systemic amyloidosis: clinical and laboratory features in 474 cases Semin Hematol 32 1995 45 59
32. M. Eriksson, J. Buttner, T. Todorov, S. Yumlu, S. Schonland, and U. Hegenbart Prevalence of germline mutations in the TTR gene in a consecutive series of surgical pathology specimens with ATTR amyloid Am J Surg Pathol 33 2009 58 65
33. M.D. Benson, and J.C. Kincaid The molecular biology and clinical features of amyloid neuropathy Muscle Nerve 36 2007 411 423
34. L.H. Connors, A. Lim, T. Prokaeva, V.A. Roskens, and C.E. Costello Tabulation of human transthyretin (TTR) variants, 2003 Amyloid 10 2003 160 184
35. J.W. Kelly, and P.T. Lansbury Jr Transthyretin-derived senile systemic amyloidosis: clinicopathologic and structural considerations Amyloid 1 1994 186 205
36. L.C. Serpell, M. Sunde, P.E. Fraser, P.K. Luther, E.P. Morris, and O. Sangren Examination of the structure of the transthyretin amyloid fibril by image reconstruction from electron micrographs J Mol Biol 254 1995 113 118
37. X. Hou, M.I. Aguilar, and D.H. Small Transthyretin and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration FEBS J 274 2007 1637 1650
38. P. Westermark, J. Bergstrom, A. Solomon, C. Murphy, and K. Sletten Transthyretin-derived senile systemic amyloidosis: clinicopathologic and structural considerations Amyloid 10 Suppl. 1 2003 48 54
39. J. Bergstrom, A. Gustavsson, U. Hellman, K. Sletten, C.L. Murphy, and D.T. Weiss Amyloid deposits in transthyretin-derived amyloidosis: cleaved transthyretin is associated with distinct amyloid morphology J Pathol 206 2005 224 232
40. G.G. Cornwell 3rd, W.L. Murdoch, R.A. Kyle, P. Westermark, and P. Pitkanen Frequency and distribution of senile cardiovascular amyloid. A clinicopathologic correlation Am J Med 75 1983 618 623
41. F. Gejyo, S. Odani, T. Yamada, N. Honma, H. Saito, and Y. Suzuki Beta 2-microglobulin: a new form of amyloid protein associated with chronic hemodialysis Kidney Int 30 1986 385 390
42. F. Gejyo, N. Homma, and M. Arakawa Long-term complications of dialysis: pathogenic factors with special reference to amyloidosis Kidney Int Suppl 41 1993 S78 S82
43. L.M. Dember, and B.L. Jaber Dialysis-related amyloidosis: late finding or hidden epidemic? Semin Dial 19 2006 105 109
44. I. Berggard, and A.G. Bearn Isolation and properties of a low molecular weight beta-2-globulin occurring in human biological fluids J Biol Chem 243 1968 4095 4103
45. L. Wibell, P.E. Evrin, and I. Berggard Serum 2-microglobulin in renal disease Nephron 10 1973 320 331
46. C. Vincent, J.P. Revillard, M. Galland, and J. Traeger Serum beta2-microglobulin in hemodialyzed patients Nephron 21 1978 260 268
47. S. Schwalbe, M. Holzhauer, J. Schaeffer, M. Galanski, K.M. Koch, and J. Floege Beta 2-microglobulin associated amyloidosis: a vanishing complication of long-term hemodialysis? Kidney Int 52 1997 1077 1083
48. M. Traut, C.C. Haufe, U. Eismann, R.M. Deppisch, G. Stein, and G. Wolf Increased binding of beta-2-microglobulin to blood cells in dialysis patients treated with high-flux dialyzers compared with low-flux membranes contributed to reduced beta-2-microglobulin concentrations. Results of a cross-over study Blood Purif 25 2007 432 440
49. P. Westermark, C. Wernstedt, T.D. O'Brien, D.W. Hayden, and K.H. Johnson Islet amyloid in type 2 human diabetes mellitus and adult diabetic cats contains a novel putative polypeptide hormone Am J Pathol 127 1987 414 417
50. P. Westermark, C. Wernstedt, E. Wilander, D.W. Hayden, T.D. O'Brien, and K.H. Johnson Amyloid fibrils in human insulinoma and islets of Langerhans of the diabetic cat are derived from a neuropeptide-like protein also present in normal islet cells Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 1987 3881 3885
51. G.J. Cooper, A.C. Willis, A. Clark, R.C. Turner, R.B. Sim, and K.B. Reid Purification and characterization of a peptide from amyloid-rich pancreases of type 2 diabetic patients Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 1987 8628 8632
52. T. Sanke, G.I. Bell, C. Sample, A.H. Rubenstein, and D.F. Steiner An islet amyloid peptide is derived from an 89-amino acid precursor by proteolytic processing J Biol Chem 263 1988 17243 17246
53. P. Westermark Quantitative studies on amyloid in the islets of Langerhans Ups J Med Sci 77 1972 91 94
54. A.E. Butler, J. Janson, S. Bonner-Weir, R. Ritzel, R.A. Rizza, and P.C. Butler Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes Diabetes 52 2003 102 110
55. R.L. Hull, G.T. Westermark, P. Westermark, and S.E. Kahn Islet amyloid: a critical entity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 2004 3629 3643
56. J. Hardy, and D.J. Selkoe The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics Science 297 2002 353 356
57. H.W. Querfurth, and F.M. LaFerla Alzheimer's disease N Engl J Med 362 2010 329 344
58. K. Iqbal, F. Liu, C.X. Gong, C. Alonso Adel, and I. Grundke-Iqbal Mechanisms of tau-induced neurodegeneration Acta Neuropathol 118 2009 53 69
59. O. Isacson, H. Seo, L. Lin, D. Albeck, and A.C. Granholm Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome: roles of APP, trophic factors and ACh Trends Neurosci 25 2002 79 84
60. S.E. Antonarakis, R. Lyle, E.T. Dermitzakis, A. Reymond, and S. Deutsch Chromosome 21 and down syndrome: from genomics to pathophysiology Nat Rev Genet 5 2004 725 738
61. S.B. Prusiner Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie Science 216 1982 136 144
62. S.B. Prusiner Prions Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 1998 13363 13383
63. N.J. Cobb, and W.K. Surewicz Prion diseases and their biochemical mechanisms Biochemistry 48 2009 2574 2585
64. A. Aguzzi, and A.M. Calella Prions: protein aggregation and infectious diseases Physiol Rev 89 2009 1105 1152
65. J. Collinge Prion diseases of humans and animals: their causes and molecular basis Annu Rev Neurosci 24 2001 519 550
66. A. Aguzzi, and M. Polymenidou Mammalian prion biology: one century of evolving concepts Cell 116 2004 313 327
67. J.P. Li, and I. Vlodavsky Heparin, heparan sulfate and heparanase in inflammatory reactions Thromb Haemost 102 2009 823 828
68. H.E. Bulow, and O. Hobert The molecular diversity of glycosaminoglycans shapes animal development Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 22 2006 375 407
69. D.J. Carey Syndecans: multifunctional cell-surface co-receptors Biochem J 327 Pt 1 1997 1 16
70. E.S. Oh, and J.R. Couchman Syndecans-2 and -4; close cousins, but not identical twins Mol Cells 17 2004 181 187
71. A. Woods Syndecans: transmembrane modulators of adhesion and matrix assembly J Clin Invest 107 2001 935 941
72. J. Filmus, M. Capurro, and J. Rast Glypicans Genome Biol 9 2008 224
73. L.A. Fransson Glypicans Int J Biochem Cell Biol 35 2003 125 129
74. J. Filmus, and S.B. Selleck Glypicans: proteoglycans with a surprise J Clin Invest 108 2001 497 501
75. S.M. Knox, and J.M. Whitelock Perlecan: how does one molecule do so many things? Cell Mol Life Sci 63 2006 2435 2445
76. G. Bezakova, and M.A. Ruegg New insights into the roles of agrin Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4 2003 295 308
77. M.C. Farach-Carson, and D.D. Carson Perlecana multifunctional extracellular proteoglycan scaffold Glycobiology 17 2007 897 905
78. M. Handler, P.D. Yurchenco, and R.V. Iozzo Developmental expression of perlecan during murine embryogenesis Dev Dyn 210 1997 130 145
79. G. Tsen, W. Halfter, S. Kroger, and G.J. Cole Agrin is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan J Biol Chem 270 1995 3392 3399
80. R.V. Iozzo Basement membrane proteoglycans: from cellar to ceiling Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6 2005 646 656
81. R. Kisilevsky, and P.E. Fraser A beta amyloidogenesis: unique, or variation on a systemic theme? Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 32 1997 361 404
82. R. Kisilevsky Review: amyloidogenesis-unquestioned answers and unanswered questions J Struct Biol 130 2000 99 108
83. W.A. Boyd Textbook of pathology: an introduction to medicine 1932 Lee and Febiger Philadelphia pp. 105159
84. A.D. Snow, and R. Kisilevsky Temporal relationship between glycosaminoglycan accumulation and amyloid deposition during experimental amyloidosis. A histochemical study Lab Invest 53 1985 37 44
85. A.D. Snow, R. Kisilevsky, J. Willmer, S.B. Prusiner, and S.J. DeArmond Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in amyloid plaques of prion diseases Acta Neuropathol 77 1989 337 342
86. A.D. Snow, J. Willmer, and R. Kisilevsky A close ultrastructural relationship between sulfated proteoglycans and AA amyloid fibrils Lab Invest 57 1987 687 698
87. A.D. Snow, J. Willmer, and R. Kisilevsky Sulfated glycosaminoglycans: a common constituent of all amyloids? Lab Invest 56 1987 120 123
88. A.D. Snow, J.P. Willmer, and R. Kisilevsky Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in Alzheimer's disease Hum Pathol 18 1987 506 510
89. B. Norling, G.T. Westermark, and P. Westermark Immunohistochemical identification of heparan sulphate proteoglycan in secondary systemic amyloidosis Clin Exp Immunol 73 1988 333 337
90. J.H. Magnus, G. Husby, and S.O. Kolset Presence of glycosaminoglycans in purified AA type amyloid fibrils associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Ann Rheum Dis 48 1989 215 219
91. S.R. Nelson, M. Lyon, J.T. Gallagher, E.A. Johnson, and M.B. Pepys Isolation and characterization of the integral glycosaminoglycan constituents of human amyloid A and monoclonal light-chain amyloid fibrils Biochem J 275 Pt 1 1991 67 73
92. H. Ohishi, M. Skinner, N. Sato-Araki, T. Okuyama, F. Gejyo, and A. Kimura Glycosaminoglycans of the hemodialysis-associated carpal synovial amyloid and of amyloid-rich tissues and fibrils of heart, liver, and spleen Clin Chem 36 1990 88 91
93. G. Husby, T. Stenstad, J.H. Magnus, K. Sletten, B.Y. Nordvag, and G. Marhaug Interaction between circulating amyloid fibril protein precursors and extracellular tissue matrix components in the pathogenesis of systemic amyloidosis Clin Immunol Immunopathol 70 1994 2 9
94. J.H. Magnus, T. Stenstad, S.O. Kolset, and G. Husby Glycosaminoglycans in extracts of cardiac amyloid fibrils from familial amyloid cardiomyopathy of Danish origin related to variant transthyretin Met 111 Scand J Immunol 34 1991 63 69
95. S. Inoue, and R. Kisilevsky A high resolution ultrastructural study of experimental murine AA amyloid Lab Invest 74 1996 670 683
96. S. Inoue, M. Kuroiwa, M.J. Saraiva, A. Guimaraes, and R. Kisilevsky Ultrastructure of familial amyloid polyneuropathy amyloid fibrils: examination with high-resolution electron microscopy J Struct Biol 124 1998 1 12
97. S. Inoue, M. Kuroiwa, K. Ohashi, M. Hara, and R. Kisilevsky Ultrastructural organization of hemodialysis-associated beta 2-microglobulin amyloid fibrils Kidney Int 52 1997 1543 1549
98. I.D. Young, L. Ailles, S. Narindrasorasak, R. Tan, and R. Kisilevsky Localization of the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan in islet amyloid deposits in type II diabetes mellitus Arch Pathol Lab Med 116 1992 951 954
99. C.B. Verchere, D.A. D'Alessio, R.D. Palmiter, G.C. Weir, S. Bonner-Weir, and D.G. Baskin Islet amyloid formation associated with hyperglycemia in transgenic mice with pancreatic beta cell expression of human islet amyloid polypeptide Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 1996 3492 3496
100. S.E. Kahn, S. Andrikopoulos, and C.B. Verchere Islet amyloid: a long-recognized but underappreciated pathological feature of type 2 diabetes Diabetes 48 1999 241 253
101. C.B. Verchere, D.A. D'Alessio, R.D. Palmiter, D.G. Baskin, A.D. Snow, and S. Bonner- Weir Characterization of islet amyloid in a transgenic mouse model of NIDDM Diabetes 45 Suppl. 2 1996 313A
102. D.C. Guiroy, R. Yanagihara, and D.C. Gajdusek Localization of amyloidogenic proteins and sulfated glycosaminoglycans in nontransmissible and transmissible cerebral amyloidoses Acta Neuropathol 82 1991 87 92
103. A.D. Snow, T.N. Wight, D. Nochlin, Y. Koike, K. Kimata, and S.J. DeArmond Immunolocalization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans to the prion protein amyloid plaques of GerstmannStraussler syndrome, CreutzfeldtJakob disease and scrapie Lab Invest 63 1990 601 611
104. P.A. McBride, M.I. Wilson, P. Eikelenboom, A. Tunstall, and M.E. Bruce Heparan sulfate proteoglycan is associated with amyloid plaques and neuroanatomically targeted PrP pathology throughout the incubation period of scrapie-infected mice Exp Neurol 149 1998 447 454
105. C. Leteux, W. Chai, K. Nagai, C.G. Herbert, A.M. Lawson, and T. Feizi 10E4 antigen of Scrapie lesions contains an unusual nonsulfated heparan motif J Biol Chem 276 2001 12539 12545
106. A.D. Snow, H. Mar, D. Nochlin, K. Kimata, M. Kato, and S. Suzuki The presence of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the neuritic plaques and congophilic angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease Am J Pathol 133 1988 456 463
107. J.H. Su, B.J. Cummings, and C.W. Cotman Localization of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan core protein in aged brain and Alzheimer's disease Neuroscience 51 1992 801 813
108. L.S. Perlmutter, H.C. Chui, D. Saperia, and J. Athanikar Microangiopathy and the colocalization of heparan sulfate proteoglycan with amyloid in senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease Brain Res 508 1990 13 19
109. A.D. Snow, S. Lara, D. Nochlin, and T.N. Wight Cationic dyes reveal proteoglycans structurally integrated within the characteristic lesions of Alzheimer's disease Acta Neuropathol 78 1989 113 123
110. G. Perry, S.L. Siedlak, P. Richey, M. Kawai, P. Cras, and R.N. Kalaria Association of heparan sulfate proteoglycan with the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease J Neurosci 11 1991 3679 3683
111. J.E. Donahue, T.M. Berzin, M.S. Rafii, D.J. Glass, G.D. Yancopoulos, and J.R. Fallon Agrin in Alzheimer's disease: altered solubility and abnormal distribution within microvasculature and brain parenchyma Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 1999 6468 6472
112. P. O'Callaghan, E. Sandwall, J.P. Li, H. Yu, R. Ravid, and Z.Z. Guan Heparan sulfate accumulation with Abeta deposits in Alzheimer's disease and Tg2576 mice is contributed by glial cells Brain Pathol 18 2008 548 561
113. C.E. Reilly Crucial role of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (agrin) in beta-amyloid formation in Alzheimer's disease J Neurol 247 2000 663 664
114. J. van Horssen, J. Kleinnijenhuis, C.N. Maass, A.A. Rensink, I. Otte-Holler, and G. David Accumulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cerebellar senile plaques Neurobiol Aging 23 2002 537 545
115. J. van Horssen, I. Otte-Holler, G. David, M.L. Maat-Schieman, L.P. van den Heuvel, and P. Wesseling Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in cerebrovascular amyloid beta deposits in Alzheimer's disease and hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch) brains Acta Neuropathol 102 2001 604 614
116. M.M. Verbeek, I. Otte-Holler, J. van den Born, L.P. van den Heuvel, G. David, and P. Wesseling Agrin is a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan accumulating in Alzheimer's disease brain Am J Pathol 155 1999 2115 2125
117. N. Watanabe, W. Araki, D.H. Chui, T. Makifuchi, Y. Ihara, and T. Tabira Glypican-1 as an Abeta binding HSPG in the human brain: its localization in DIG domains and possible roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease FASEB J 18 2004 1013 1015
118. M.M. Verbeek, I. Otte-Holler, R. Veerhuis, D.J. Ruiter, and R.M. De Waal Distribution of A beta-associated proteins in cerebrovascular amyloid of Alzheimer's disease Acta Neuropathol 96 1998 628 636
119. M.G. Spillantini, M. Tolnay, S. Love, and M. Goedert Microtubule- associated protein tau, heparan sulphate and alpha-synuclein in several neurodegenerative diseases with dementia Acta Neuropathol 97 1999 585 594
120. I.B. Bruinsma, L. te Riet, T. Gevers, G.B. ten Dam, T.H. van Kuppevelt, and G. David Sulfation of heparan sulfate associated with amyloid-beta plaques in patients with Alzheimer's disease Acta Neuropathol 119 2010 211 220
121. J. McLaurin, T. Franklin, X. Zhang, J. Deng, and P.E. Fraser Interactions of Alzheimer amyloid-beta peptides with glycosaminoglycans effects on fibril nucleation and growth Eur J Biochem 266 1999 1101 1110
122. G.M. Castillo, W. Lukito, T.N. Wight, and A.D. Snow The sulfate moieties of glycosaminoglycans are critical for the enhancement of beta-amyloid protein fibril formation J Neurochem 72 1999 1681 1687
123. M. Goedert, R. Jakes, M.G. Spillantini, M. Hasegawa, M.J. Smith, and R.A. Crowther Assembly of microtubule-associated protein tau into Alzheimer-like filaments induced by sulphated glycosaminoglycans Nature 383 1996 550 553
124. H.K. Paudel, and W. Li Heparin-induced conformational change in microtubule-associated protein Tau as detected by chemical cross-linking and phosphopeptide mapping J Biol Chem 274 1999 8029 8038
125. S. Yu, S. Yin, N. Pham, P. Wong, S.C. Kang, and R.B. Petersen Ligand binding promotes prion protein aggregationrole of the octapeptide repeats FEBS J 275 2008 5564 5575
126. S. Yamamoto, I. Yamaguchi, K. Hasegawa, S. Tsutsumi, Y. Goto, and F. Gejyo Glycosaminoglycans enhance the trifluoroethanol-induced extension of beta 2-microglobulin-related amyloid fibrils at a neutral pH J Am Soc Nephrol 15 2004 126 133
127. A. Relini, S. De Stefano, S. Torrassa, O. Cavalleri, R. Rolandi, and A. Gliozzi Heparin strongly enhances the formation of beta2-microglobulin amyloid fibrils in the presence of type I collagen J Biol Chem 283 2008 4912 4920
128. A.D. Snow, and T.N. Wight Proteoglycans in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and other amyloidoses Neurobiol Aging 10 1989 481 497
129. S. Narindrasorasak, D. Lowery, P. Gonzalez-DeWhitt, R.A. Poorman, B. Greenberg, and R. Kisilevsky High affinity interactions between the Alzheimer's beta-amyloid precursor proteins and the basement membrane form of heparan sulfate proteoglycan J Biol Chem 266 1991 12878 12883
130. B. Lindahl, C. Westling, G. Gimenez-Gallego, U. Lindahl, and M. Salmivirta Common binding sites for beta-amyloid fibrils and fibroblast growth factor-2 in heparan sulfate from human cerebral cortex J Biol Chem 274 1999 30631 30635
131. K.R. Brunden, N.J. Richter-Cook, N. Chaturvedi, and R.C. Frederickson pH-dependent binding of synthetic beta-amyloid peptides to glycosaminoglycans J Neurochem 61 1993 2147 2154
132. D.J. Watson, A.D. Lander, and D.J. Selkoe Heparin-binding properties of the amyloidogenic peptides Abeta and amylin. Dependence on aggregation state and inhibition by Congo red J Biol Chem 272 1997 31617 31624
133. D. Giulian, L.J. Haverkamp, J. Yu, W. Karshin, D. Tom, and J. Li The HHQK domain of beta-amyloid provides a structural basis for the immunopathology of Alzheimer's disease J Biol Chem 273 1998 29719 29726
134. G.M. Castillo, J.A. Cummings, W. Yang, M.E. Judge, M.J. Sheardown, and K. Rimvall Sulfate content and specific glycosaminoglycan backbone of perlecan are critical for perlecan's enhancement of islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin) fibril formation Diabetes 47 1998 612 620
135. K. Park, and C.B. Verchere Identification of a heparin binding domain in the N-terminal cleavage site of pro-islet amyloid polypeptide. Implications for islet amyloid formation J Biol Chem 276 2001 16611 16616
136. A. Abedini, S.M. Tracz, J.H. Cho, and D.P. Raleigh Characterization of the heparin binding site in the N-terminus of human pro-islet amyloid polypeptide: implications for amyloid formation Biochemistry 45 2006 9228 9237
137. J.F. Paulsson, and G.T. Westermark Aberrant processing of human proislet amyloid polypeptide results in increased amyloid formation Diabetes 54 2005 2117 2125
138. S. Potter-Perigo, R.L. Hull, C. Tsoi, K.R. Braun, S. Andrikopoulos, and J. Teague Proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by pancreatic islet beta-cells bind amylin Arch Biochem Biophys 413 2003 182 190
139. R.L. Hull, S. Zraika, J. Udayasankar, R. Kisilevsky, W.A. Szarek, and T.N. Wight Inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis and protein glycosylation with WAS-406 and azaserine result in reduced islet amyloid formation in vitro Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293 2007 C1586 C1593
140. J.B. Ancsin, and R. Kisilevsky The heparin/heparan sulfate-binding site on apo-serum amyloid A. Implications for the therapeutic intervention of amyloidosis J Biol Chem 274 1999 7172 7181
141. E. Elimova, R. Kisilevsky, W.A. Szarek, and J.B. Ancsin Amyloidogenesis recapitulated in cell culture: a peptide inhibitor provides direct evidence for the role of heparan sulfate and suggests a new treatment strategy FASEB J 18 2004 1749 1751
142. R. Kisilevsky, W.A. Szarek, J. Ancsin, R. Vohra, Z. Li, and S. Marone Novel glycosaminoglycan precursors as antiamyloid agents: part IV J Mol Neurosci 24 2004 167 172
143. B. Lindahl, and U. Lindahl Amyloid-specific heparan sulfate from human liver and spleen J Biol Chem 272 1997 26091 26094
144. H. Naiki, S. Yamamoto, K. Hasegawa, I. Yamaguchi, Y. Goto, and F. Gejyo Molecular interactions in the formation and deposition of beta2-microglobulin- related amyloid fibrils Amyloid 12 2005 15 25
145. G. Thinakaran, and E.H. Koo Amyloid precursor protein trafficking, processing, and function J Biol Chem 283 2008 29615 29619
146. M. Willem, S. Lammich, and C. Haass Function, regulation and therapeutic properties of beta-secretase (BACE1) Semin Cell Dev Biol 20 2009 175 182
147. C. Dingwall Spotlight on BACE: the secretases as targets for treatment in Alzheimer disease J Clin Invest 108 2001 1243 1246
148. L. McConlogue, M. Buttini, J.P. Anderson, E.F. Brigham, K.S. Chen, and S.B. Freedman Partial reduction of BACE1 has dramatic effects on Alzheimer plaque and synaptic pathology in APP transgenic mice J Biol Chem 282 2007 26326 26334
149. B. Leveugle, W. Ding, J.T. Durkin, S. Mistretta, J. Eisle, and M. Matic Heparin promotes beta-secretase cleavage of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein Neurochem Int 30 1997 543 548
150. Z. Scholefield, E.A. Yates, G. Wayne, A. Amour, W. McDowell, and J.E. Turnbull Heparan sulfate regulates amyloid precursor protein processing by BACE1, the Alzheimer's beta-secretase J Cell Biol 163 2003 97 107
151. S.J. Patey, E.A. Edwards, E.A. Yates, and J.E. Turnbull Heparin derivatives as inhibitors of BACE-1, the Alzheimer's beta-secretase, with reduced activity against factor Xa and other proteases J Med Chem 49 2006 6129 6132
152. S.J. Patey, E.A. Edwards, E.A. Yates, and J.E. Turnbull Engineered heparins: novel beta-secretase inhibitors as potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutics Neurodegener Dis 5 2008 197 199
153. D. Klaver, A.C. Hung, R. Gasperini, L. Foa, M.I. Aguilar, and D.H. Small Effect of heparin on APP metabolism and Abeta production in cortical neurons Neurodegener Dis 7 2010 187 189
154. F. Meng, A. Abedini, B. Song, and D.P. Raleigh Amyloid formation by pro-islet amyloid polypeptide processing intermediates: examination of the role of protein heparan sulfate interactions and implications for islet amyloid formation in type 2 diabetes Biochemistry 46 2007 12091 12099
155. D.R. Taylor, I.J. Whitehouse, and N.M. Hooper Glypican-1 mediates both prion protein lipid raft association and disease isoform formation PLoS Pathog 5 2009 e1000666
156. A.D. Snow, R. Sekiguchi, D. Nochlin, P. Fraser, K. Kimata, and A. Mizutani An important role of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (Perlecan) in a model system for the deposition and persistence of fibrillar A beta-amyloid in rat brain Neuron 12 1994 219 234 (Pubitemid 24044400)
157. M. Hart, L. Li, T. Tokunaga, J.R. Lindsey, J.R. Hassell, and A.D. Snow Overproduction of perlecan core protein in cultured cells and transgenic mice J Pathol 194 2001 262 269
158. L. Bergamaschini, E. Rossi, C. Storini, S. Pizzimenti, M. Distaso, and C. Perego Peripheral treatment with enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin, reduces plaques and beta-amyloid accumulation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease J Neurosci 24 2004 4181 4186
159. H. Zhu, J. Yu, and M.S. Kindy Inhibition of amyloidosis using low-molecular-weight heparins Mol Med 7 2001 517 522
160. E. Zcharia, S. Metzger, T. Chajek-Shaul, H. Aingorn, M. Elkin, and Y. Friedmann Transgenic expression of mammalian heparanase uncovers physiological functions of heparan sulfate in tissue morphogenesis, vascularization, and feeding behavior FASEB J 18 2004 252 263
161. D.S. Pikas, J.P. Li, I. Vlodavsky, and U. Lindahl Substrate specificity of heparanases from human hepatoma and platelets J Biol Chem 273 1998 18770 18777
162. J.P. Li, M.L. Galvis, F. Gong, X. Zhang, E. Zcharia, and S. Metzger In vivo fragmentation of heparan sulfate by heparanase overexpression renders mice resistant to amyloid protein A amyloidosis Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 2005 6473 6477
163. T.A. Niewold, J.M. Flores Landeira, L.P. van den Heuvel, A. Ultee, P.C. Tooten, and J.H. Veerkamp Characterization of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in bovine renal AA-type amyloidosis Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 60 1991 321 328
164. R.D. Terry The pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease: an alternative to the amyloid hypothesis J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 55 1996 1023 1025
165. L.F. Lue, Y.M. Kuo, A.E. Roher, L. Brachova, Y. Shen, and L. Sue Soluble amyloid beta peptide concentration as a predictor of synaptic change in Alzheimer's disease Am J Pathol 155 1999 853 862
166. E. Sandwall, P. O'Callaghan, X. Zhang, U. Lindahl, L. Lannfelt, and J.P. Li Heparan sulfate mediates amyloid-beta internalization and cytotoxicity Glycobiology 20 2010 533 541
167. J.B. Cavanagh Corpora-amylacea and the family of polyglucosan diseases Brain Res Brain Res Rev 29 1999 265 295
168. H. Puchtler, and F. Sweat A review of early concepts of amyloid in context with contemporary chemical literature from 1839 to 1859 J Histochem Cytochem 14 1966 123 134