Bone remodeling, humoral networks and smart biomaterial technology for osteoporosis

Frontiers in Bioscience - Scholar

Volumn 2 S, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 468-482

  Fini, Milena ^a   Carpi, Angelo ^b   Borsari, Veronica ^a   Tschon, Matilde ^a   Nicolini, Andrea ^c   Sartori, Maria ^a   Mechanick, Jeffrey ^d   Giardino, Roberto ^a,e  

^a RIZZOLI ORTHOPAEDIC INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^d MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Biomaterials; Bone; Cytokines; Hormones; Osteoblasts; Osteoporosis; Review

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; HORMONE;

BONE PROSTHESIS; BONE REMODELING; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM; OSTEOBLAST; OSTEOCLAST; OSTEOPOROSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

BONE REMODELING; BONE SUBSTITUTES; CYTOKINES; HORMONES; HUMANS; OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCLASTS; OSTEOPOROSIS;

EID: 77957312324     PISSN: 19450516     EISSN: 19450524     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/s79     Document Type: Article

References (137)

1. R. Stoop: Smart biomaterials for tissue engineering of cartilage. Injury 39 (Suppl 1), S77-S87 (2008)
2. M. E. Furth, A. Atala, M. E. Van Dyke: Smart biomaterials design for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 28, 5068-5073 (2007) (Pubitemid 47488490)
3. M. Fini, G. Giavaresi, P. Torricelli, V. Borsari, R. Giardino, A. Nicolini, A. Carpi: Osteoporosis and biomaterial osteointegration. Biomed Pharmacother 58 (9), 487-493 (2004) (Pubitemid 39423595)
4. A. Bigi, S. Panzavolta, L. Sturba, P. Torricelli, M. Fini, R. Giardino: Normal and osteopenic bone-derived osteoblast response to a biomimetic gelatin-calcium phosphate bone cement. J Biomed Mater Res A 78 (4), 739-745 (2006) (Pubitemid 44300027)
5. E. Galliera, M. Locati, A. Mantovani, M. M. Corsi: Chemokines and bone remodelling. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 21 (3), 485-492 (2008)
6. D. J. Hadjidakis, I. I. Androulakis: Bone remodelling. Ann NY Acad Sci 1092, 385-396 (2006)
7. K. Sato, H. Takayanagi: Osteoclasts, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoimmunology. Curr Opin Rheumatol 18, 419-426 (2006) (Pubitemid 44297289)
8. S-K. Lee, J. Lorenzo: Cytokines regulating osteoclast formation and function. Curr Opin Rheumatol 18, 411-418 (2006) (Pubitemid 44297288)
9. N. K. Lee, H. Sowa, E. Hinoi, M. Ferron, J. D. Ahn, C. Confavreux, R. Dacquin, P. J. Mee, M. D. McKee, D. Y. Jung, Z. Zhang, J. K. Kim, F. Mauvais-Jarvis, P. Ducy, G. Karsenty: Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton. Cell 130 (3), 456-469 (2007) (Pubitemid 47208519)
10. T. Nomiyama, D. Perez-Tilve, D. Ogawa, F. Gizard, Y. Zhao, E. B. Heywood, K. L. Jones, R. Kawamori, L. A. Cassis, M. H. Tschöp, D. Bruemmer: Osteopontin mediates obesity-induced adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and insulin resistance in mice. J Clin Invest 117 (10), 2877-2888 (2007) (Pubitemid 47529618)
11. J. Wolff: Das Gesetz der Transformation des Knochens. Verlag von August Hirscwald, Berlin (1892)
12. U. H. Lerner: Bone remodelling in post-menopausal osteoporosis. J Dent Res 85 (7), 584-595 (2006)
13. P. A. Hill: Bone remodelling. Br J Orthod 25, 101-107 (1998)
14. D. W. Sommerfeldt, C. T. Rubin: Biology of bone and how it orchestrates the form and function of the skeleton. Eur Spine J 10, S86-S95 (2001)
15. J. M. Lean, A. G. Mackay, J. W. Chow, T. J. Chambers: Osteocytic expression of mRNA for c-fos and IGF-I: an immediate early gene response to an osteogenic stimulus. Am J Physiol 270, 937-945 (1996)
16. M. Lind, C. Bünger: Factors stimulating bone formation. Eur Spine J 10, S102-S109 (2001) (Pubitemid 32999813)
17. C. J. Gallagher: Advances in bone biology and new treatments for bone loss. Maturitas 60, 65-69 (2008)
18. J. P. Bilezikian: Clinical utility of anabolic therapy for osteoporosis. Bone 43 (1), S13-16 (2008)
19. C. Rattanakul, Y. Lenbury, N. Krishnamara, D. J. Wollkind: Modeling of bone formation and resorption mediated by parathyroid hormone: response to estrogen/PTH therapy. Biosystems 70, 55-72 (2003) (Pubitemid 36561535)
20. T. J. Chambers, C. J. Magnus: Calcitonin alters behaviour of isolated osteoclasts. J Pathol 136 (1), 27-39 (2005)
21. R. C. Olney: Regulation of bone mass by growth hormone. Med Pediatr Oncol 41 (3), 228-234 (2003) (Pubitemid 36910133)
22. S. Ito, N. Suzuki, S. Kato, T. Takahashi, M. Takagi: Glucocorticoids induce the differentiation of a mesenchymal progenitor cell line, ROB-C26 into adipocytes and osteoblasts, but fail to induce terminal osteoblast differentiation. Bone 40, 84-92 (2007) (Pubitemid 44839331)
23. H-J. Kim, H. Zhao, H. Kitaura, S. Bhattacharyya, J. A. Brewer, L. J. Muglia, P. Ross, S. L. Teitelbaum: Glucocorticoids suppress bone formation via the osteoclas. J Clin Invest 116 (8), 2152-2160 (2006) (Pubitemid 44162324)
24. S. C. Manolagas, S. Kousteni, R. L. Jilka: Sex steroids and bone. Recent Prog Horm Res 57, 385-409 (2002)
25. C. Joseph, A. M. Kenny, P. Taxel, J. A. Lorenzo, G. Duque, G. A. Kuchel: Role of endocrine-immune dysregulation in osteoporosis, sarcopenia, frailty and fracture risk. Mol Asp Med 26, 181-201 (2005) (Pubitemid 40462026)
26. J. A. Wexler, J. Sharretts: Thyroid and bone. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 36, 673-705 (2007) (Pubitemid 47135589)
27. L. Sun, S. Vukicevic, R. Baliram, G. Yang, R. Sendak, J. McPherson, L-L. Zhu, J. Iqbal, R. Latif, A. Natrajan, A. Arabi, K. Yamoah, B. S. Moonga, Y. Gabet, T. F. Davies, I. Bab, E. Abe, K. Sampath, M. Zaidi: Intermittent recombinant TSH injections prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 (11), 4289-4294 (2008) (Pubitemid 351754373)
28. E. Murphy, G. R. Williams: The thyroid and the skeleton. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 61 (3), 285-298 (2004) (Pubitemid 39287057)
29. J. Iqbal, T. F. Davies, L. Sun, E. Abe, A. Carpi, J. Mechanick, M. Zaidi: Skeletal morphofunctional considerations and the pituitary-thyroid axis. Front Biosci S1, 92-107 (2009)
30. S. R. Cummings, M. C. Nevitt, W. S. Browner, K. Stone, K. M. Fox, K. E. Ensrud, J. Cauley, D. Black, T. M. Vogt: Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fracture Research Group. N Engl J Med 332 (12), 767-773 (1995)
31. J. A. Franklyn, P. Maisonneuve, M. C. Sheppard, J. Betteridge, P. Boyle: Mortality after the treatment of hyperparathyroidism with radioactive iodine. N Engl J Med 338 (11), 712-718 (1998) (Pubitemid 28115089)
32. P. Vestergaard, L. Mosekilde: Fractures in patients with hyperparathyroidism and hypothyroidism: a nationwide follow-up study in 16, 249 patients. Thyroid 12 (5), 411-419 (2002) (Pubitemid 34602601)
33. P. Vestergaard, L. Rejnmark, J. Weeke, L. Mosekilde: Fracture risk in patients treated for hyperthyroidism. Thyroid 10 (4), 341-348 (2000) (Pubitemid 30256864)
34. E. Abe, L. Sun, J. Mechanik, J. Iqbal, Y. Kosj, R. Baliram, A. Arabi, B. Moonga, T. Davies, M. Zaidi: Bone loss in thyroid disease: role of low TSH and high thyroid hormone. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1116 (1), 383-391 (2007) (Pubitemid 350274344)
35. T. R. Arnett: Regulation of bone cell function by acid-base balance. Proc Nutr Soc 62, 511-520 (2003)
36. M. C. Horowitz, Y. Xi, K. Wilson, M. A. Kacena: Control of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by members of the TNF family of receptors and ligands. Cytokine Growth Factors Rev 12, 9-18 (2001) (Pubitemid 32294582)
37. J. R. Arron, Y. Choi: Bone versus immune system. Nature 408, 535-536 (2000)
38. M. C. Walsh, N. Kim, Y. Kadono, J. Rho, S. Young Lee, J. Lorenzo, Y. Choi: Osteoimmunology: interplay between the immune system and bone metabolism. Ann Rev Immunol 24, 33-63 (2006)
39. S. P. Massia, J. A. Hubbell: Covalent surface immobilization of Arg-Gly-Asp- and Try-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg-containing peptides to obtain well-defined cell adhesive substrates. Anal Biochem 187, 292-301 (1990) (Pubitemid 20183470)
40. S. Kwan Tat, M. Padrines, S. Théoleyre, D. Heymann, Y. Fortun: IL-6, RANKL, TNF-alpha/IL-1: interrelations in bone resorption pathophysiology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 15 (1), 49-60 (2004)
41. S-K. Lee, J. A. Lorenzo: Parathyroid hormone stimulates TRANCE and inhibits osteoprotegerin messenger ribonucleic acid expression in murine bone marrow cultures: correlation with osteoclast-like cell formation. Endocrinology 140, 3552-3561 (1999) (Pubitemid 30645409)
42. S. Morony, C. Capparelli, R. Lee, G. Shimamoto, T. Boone, D. L. Lacey, C. R. Dunstan: A chimeric form of osteoprotegerin inhibits hypercalcemia and bone rsorption induced by IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, PTH, PTHrP, and 1, 25 (OH)2 D3. J Bone Miner Res 14, 1478-1485 (1999) (Pubitemid 29416673)
43. R. Pacifici: Aging and cytokine production. Calcif Tissue Int 65 (5), 345-351 (1999) (Pubitemid 29514069)
44. G. Girasole, R. L. Jilka, G. Passeri, S. Boswell, G. Boder, D. C. Williams, S. C. Manolagas: 17 beta-estradiol inhibits interleukin-6 production by bone marrow-derived stromal cells and osteoblasts In vitro: a potential mechanism for the antiosteoporotic effect of estrogens. J Clin Invest 89 (3), 883-891 (1992)
45. L. Fu, M. S. Patel, A. Bradley, E. F. Wagner, G. Karsenty: The Molecular Clock Mediates Leptin-Regulated Bone Formation. Cell 122 (5), 803-815 (2005) (Pubitemid 41242643)
46. E. Hinoi, N. Gao, D. Young Jung, V. K. Yadav, T. Yoshizawa, M. Myers, S. C. Chua, J. K. Kim, K. H. Kaestner, G. Karsenty: The sympathetic tone mediates leptin's inhibition of insulin secretion by modulating osteocalcin bioactivity. J Cell Biol 183 (7), 1235-1242 (2008)
47. V. K. Yadav, J-H. Ryu, N. Suda, K. F. Tanaka, J. A. Gingrich, G. Schütz, F. H. Glorieux, C. Y. Chiang, J. D. Zajac, K. L. Insogna, J. Mann, R. Hen, P. Ducy, G. Karsenty: Lrp5 Controls Bone Formation by Inhibiting Serotonin Synthesis in the Duodenum. Cell 135 (5), 825-837 (2008)
48. M. M. Iqbal: Osteoporosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. South Med J 93, 2-18 (2000) (Pubitemid 30058981)
49. Consensus Development Conference. Diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med 94, 646-650 (1993)
50. H. Tilg, A. R. Moschen, A. Kaser, A. Pines, I. Dotan: Gut, inflammation and osteoporosis: basic and clinical concepts. Gut 57 (5), 684-694 (2008) (Pubitemid 351579985)
51. World Health Organization. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO study group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 843, 1-129 (1994)
52. rd: Sex steroids and the construction and conservation of the adult skeleton. Endocr Rev 23 (3), 279-302 (2002) (Pubitemid 34651948)
53. H. Duncan: Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis and corticosteroid induced osteoporosis. Orthop Clin North Am 3, 571-583 (1972)
54. J. C. Gerster, R. Bossy, J. Dudler: Bone non-union after osteotomy in patients treated with methotrexate. J Rheumatol 26, 2695-2697 (1999)
55. P. Torricelli, M. Fini, G. Giavaresi, V. Borsari, L. Rimondini, R. Rimondini, A. Carassi, R. Giardino: Intermittent exposure to ethanol vapor affects osteoblast behaviour more severely than estrogen deficiency does In vitro study on rat osteoblasts. Toxicol 237 (1-3), 68-76 (2007)
56. P. Torricelli, M. Fini, G. Giavaresi, L. Rimondini, M. Tschon, R. Rimondini, A. Carassi, R. Giardino: Chronic alcohol abuse and endosseous implants: linkage of In vitro osteoblast dysfunction to titanium osseointegration rate. Toxicol 243 (1-2), 138-144 (2008) (Pubitemid 350250968)
57. S. R. Cummings, J. L. Kelsey, M. C. Nevitt, K. J. O'Dowd: Epidemiology of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Epidemiologic rewiews 7, 78-208 (1985)
58. S. R. Cummings, M. C. Nevitt: Epidemiology of hip fractures and falls. In: Clinical disorders of bone and mineral metabolism. eds: Kleerekoper M, Krane SM, Mary Ann Liebert, NY 231-236 (1989)
59. rd: Epidemiology of fractures. In: Osteoporosis: etiology, diagnosis, and menagement. eds: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III, Raven Press, NY 133-154 (1988)
60. J. Kanis, F.A. Pitt: Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Bone 31 (suppl. 1), S7-S15 (1992)
61. E. Legrand, D. Chappard, C. Pascaretti, M. Duquenne, S. Krebs, V. Rohomer, M. F. Basle, M. Audran: Trabecular bone microarchitecture, bone mineral density, and vertebral fractures in male osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 15 (1), 13-19 (2000) (Pubitemid 30026927)
62. T-P. Van Staa, H. G. M. Leufkens, C. Cooper: Detection of "unexpected" osteoporosis: insights from the "IMPACT" trial. Arthritis Rheum 44, S256 (2001)
63. K. McCormick: Osteoporosis: integrating biomarkers and other diagnostic correlates into the management of bone fragility. Altern Med Rev 12 (2), 113-145 (2007)
64. S. Adami, S. Giannini, R. Giorgino, G. Isaia, S. Maggi, L. Sinigaglia, P. Filipponi, G. Crepaldi, O. Di Munno: The effect of age, weight, and lifestyle factors on calcaneal quantitative ultrasound: the ESOPO study. Osteoporos Int 14 (3), 198-207 (2003) (Pubitemid 40826232)
65. P. D'Amelio, A. Grimaldi, S. Di Bella, S. Z. M. Brianza, M. A. Cristofaro, C. Tamone, G. Giribaldi, D. Ulliers, G. P. Pescarmona, G. Isaia: Estrogen deficiency increases osteoclastogenesis up-regulating T cells activity: A key mechanism in osteoporosis. Bone 43 (1), 92-100 (2008)
66. G. R. Mundy: Osteoporosis and inflammation. Nutrition Reviews 65 (12), S147-151 (2007)
67. R. Pacifici, C. Brown, E. Puscheck, E. Friedrich, E. Slatopolsky, D. Maggio, R. McCracken, L. V. Avioli: Effect of surgical menopause and estrogen replacement on cytokine release from human blood mononuclear cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 (12), 5134-5138 (1991) (Pubitemid 21914698)
68. G. Passeri, G. Girasole, R. L. Jilka, S. C. Manolagas: Increased interleukin-6 production by murine bone marrow and bone cells after estrogen withdrawal. Endocrinology 133 (2), 822-828 (1993) (Pubitemid 23238898)
69. R. Kitazawa, R. B. Kimble, J. L. Vannice, V. T. Kung, R. Pacifici: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor binding protein decrease osteoclast formation and bone resorption in ovariectomized mice. J Clin Invest 94 (6), 2397-2406 (1994) (Pubitemid 24379614)
70. R. B. Kimble, S. Srivastava, P. Ross, A. Matayoshi, R. Pacifici: Estrogen deficiency increases the ability of stromal cells to support murine osteoclastogenesis via an interleukin-1and tumor necrosis factor-mediated stimulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production. J Biol Chem 271 (46), 2890-2897 (1996)
71. M. A. Mitnick, A. Grey, U. Masiukiewicz, M. Bartkiewicz, L. Rios-Velez, S. Friedman, L. Xu, M. C. Horowitz, K. Insogna: Parathyroid hormone induces hepatic production of bioactive interleukin-6 and its soluble receptor. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280, E405-E412 (2000)
72. N. Weitzmann, R. Pacifici: T cells: unespected playes in the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and in basal bone homeostasis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1116, 360-375 (2007) (Pubitemid 350274346)
73. G. Eghbali-Fatourechi, S. Khosla, A. Sanyal, W. J. Boyle, D. L. Lacey, L. Riggs: Role of RANK ligand in mediating increased bone resorption in early postmenopausal women. J Clin Invest 111 (8), 1221-1230 (2003) (Pubitemid 36519939)
74. R. L. Jilka, G. Hangoc, G. Girasole, G. Passeri, D. C. Williams, J. S. Abrams, B. Boyce, H. Broxmeyer, S. C. Manolagas: Increased osteoclast development after estrogen loss: mediation by interleukin-6. Science 257 (5066), 88-91 (1992)
75. R. B. Kimble, S. Bain, R. Pacifici: The functional block of TNF but not of IL-6 prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice. J Bone Miner Res 12 (6), 935-941 (1997) (Pubitemid 27225004)
76. Y-Y. Kong, H. Yoshida, I. Sarosi, H-L. Tan, E. Timms, C. Capparelli, S. Morony, A. J. Oliveira-dos-Santos, G. Van, A. Itie, W. Khoo, A. Wakeham, C. R. Dunstan, D. L. Lacey, T. W. Mak, W. J. Boyle, J. M. Penninger: OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymphnode organogenesis. Nature 397, 315-323 (1999)
77. N. Bucay, I. Sarosi, C. R. Dunstan, S. Morony, J. Tarpley, C. Capparelli, S. Scully, H. L. Tan, W. Xu, D. L. Lacey, W. J. Boyle, S. Simonet: Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification. Genes Dev 12, 1260-1268 (1998) (Pubitemid 28213402)
78. S. Simonet, D. L. Lacey, C. R. Dunstan, M. Kelley, MS. Chang, R. Lüthy, H. Q. Nguyen, S. Wooden, L. Bennett, T. Boone, G. Shimamoto, M. DeRose, R. Elliott, A. Colombero, H. L. Tan, G. Trail, J. K. Sullivan, E. Davy, N. Bucay, L. Renshaw-Gegg, T. M. Hughes, D. Hill, W. Pattison, P. Campbell, S. Sander, G. Van, J. Tarpley, P. Derby, R. Lee, W. J. Boyle: Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell 89 (2), 309-319 (1997) (Pubitemid 27199902)
79. N. Horwood: Lymphocyte-derived cytokines in inflammatory arthritis. Autoimmunity 41 (3), 230-238 (2008) (Pubitemid 351454994)
80. Y. Gao, W-P. Qian, K. Dark, G. Toraldo, A. S. Lin, R. E. Guldberg, R. A. Flavell, N. Weitzmann, R. Pacifici: Estrogen prevents bone loss through transforming growth factor beta signalling in T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 16618-16623 (2004) (Pubitemid 39557762)
81. S. G. Shaughnessy, K. J. Walton, P. Deschamps, M. Butcher, S. M. Beaudin: Neutralization of interleukin-11 activity decreases osteoclast formation and increases cancellous bone volume in ovariectomized mice. Cytokine 20 (2), 78-85 (2002) (Pubitemid 35373724)
82. B. Stein, M. X. Yang: Repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by estrogen receptor is mediated by NF-kappa B and C/EBP beta. Mol Cell Biol 15 (9), 4971-4979 (1995)
83. T. Pelzer, M. Neumann, T. de Jager, V. Jazbutyte, L. Neyses: Estrogen effects in the myocardium: inhibition of NF-kappaB DNA binding by estrogen receptor-alpha and-beta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 286 (5), 1153-1157 (2001) (Pubitemid 32924890)
84. M. Schmitt, P. Bausero, P. Simoni, D. Queuche, V. Geoffroy, C. Marschal, J. Kempf, C. Quirin-Stricker: Positive and negative effects of nuclear receptor on transcription activation by AP-1 of the human choline acetyltransferase proximal promoter. J Neurosci Res 40, 152-164 (1995)
85. S. Papapoulos, P. Makras: Selection of antiresorptive or anabolic treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 4 (9), 514-523 (2008)
86. S. L. Kates, O. S. Kates, D. A. Mendelson: Advances in the medical management of osteoporosis. Injury 38 (S3), S17-S23 (2007)
87. G. Russell, Z. Xia, J. E. Dunford, U. Oppermann, A. Kwaasi, P. A. Hulley, K. L. Kavanagh, J. T. Triffitt, M. W. Lundy, R. J. Phipps, B. L. Barnett, F. P. Coxon, M. J. Rogers, N. B. Watts, F. H. Ebetino: Bisphosphonates: an update on mechanisms of action and how these relate to clinical efficacy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1117, 209-257 (2007) (Pubitemid 350191297)
88. A. Cranney, G. Wells, A. Willan, L. Griffith, N. Zytaruk, V. Robinson, D. Black, J. Adachi, B. Shea, P. Tugwell, G. Guyatt: Meta-analyses of therapies for post-menopausal osteoporosis. II. Meta-analysis of alendronate for the treatment of postmenopausal women. Endocr Rev 23, 508-516 (2002) (Pubitemid 34925644)
89. M. Maricic, J. D. Adachi, S. Sarkar, W. Wu, M. Wong, K. D. Harper: Early effects of raloxifene on clinical vertebral fractures at 12 months in postmenopausal women with osteporosis. Arch Intern Med 162, 1140-1143 (2002) (Pubitemid 34522401)
90. C. Gennai: Analgesic effect of calcitonin in osteoporosis. Bone 30 (S5), S67-70 (2002)
91. P. D. Delmas: Clinical effects of strontium ranelate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Int 16 (S1), S16-19 (2005) (Pubitemid 40768191)
92. P. J. Marie: Strontium ranelate: a physiological approach for optimizing bone formation and resorption. Bone 38 (2 S1), S10-14 (2006) (Pubitemid 43190768)
93. P. Chen, P. D. Miller, P. D. Delmas, D. A. Misurski, J. H. Krege: Change in lumbar spine BMD and vertebral fracture risk reduction in teriparatide-treated post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 21, 1785-1790 (2006) (Pubitemid 46141234)
94. M. R. McClung, M. Lewiecki, S. B. Cohen, M. A. Bolognese, G. C. Woodson, A. H. Moffett, M. Peacock, P. D. Miller, S. N. Lederman, C. H. Chesnut, D. Lain, A. J. Kivitz, D. L. Holloway, C. Zhang, M. C. Peterson, P. J. Bekker: Denosumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. N Engl J Med 354, 821-831 (2006) (Pubitemid 43290920)
95. J. G. Emery, P. McDonnel, M. B. Burke, K. C. Deen, S. Lyn, C. Silverman, E. Dul, E. R. Appelbaum, C. Eichman, R. DiPrinzio, R. A. Dodds, I. E. James, M. Rosemberg, J. C. Lee, P. R. Young: OPG is a receptor for the cytokine ligand TRAIL. J Biol Chem 273, 14363-14367 (1998) (Pubitemid 28319153)
96. M. Zaidi, H. C. Blair, B. S. Moonga, E. Abe, C. L-H. Huang: Osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption and osteoclast-based therapeutics. J Bone Miner Res 18 (4), 599-609 (2003) (Pubitemid 36899309)
97. M. Franchi, M. Fini, G. Giavaresi, V. Ottani. Peri-implant osteogenesis in health and osteoporosis. Micron 26, 630-644 (2005)
98. P. Augat, U. Simon, A. Liedert, L. Claes: Mechanics of mechano-biology of fracture healing in normal and osteoporotic bone. Osteoporosis Int 16 (S2), S36-S43 (2005) (Pubitemid 46232119)
99. G. Alsaadi, M. Quirynen, A. Komárek, D. van Steenberghe: Impact of local and systemic factors on the incidence of oral implant failures, up to abutment connection. J Clin Periodontol 34 (7), 610-617 (2007)
100. K. Strømsøe: Fracture fixation problems in osteoporosis. Injury 35 (2), 107-113 (2004) (Pubitemid 38088021)
101. H. Zhang, C. G. Lewis, M. S. Aronov, G. A. Gronowicz: The effects of patient age on human osteoblasts response to Ti-6Al-4V implants In vitro. J Orthop Res 22, 30-38 (2004) (Pubitemid 38035442)
102. V. Borsari, M. Fini, G. Giavaresi, L. Rimondini, R. Chiesa, L. Chiusoli, R. Giardino: Sandblasted titanium osteointegration in young, aged and ovariectomized sheep. Int J Artif Organs 30 (2), 163-172 (2007) (Pubitemid 46563991)
103. J. McMillan, R. C. Kinney, D. M. Ranly, S. Fatehi-Sedeh, Z. Schwartz, B. B. Boyan: Osteoinductivity of demineralised bone matrix in immunocompromised mice and rats is decreased by ovariectomy and restored by estrogen replacement. Bone 40 (1), 111-121 (2007) (Pubitemid 44839335)
104. K. A. Hing: Bone repair in the twenty-first century: biology, chemistry or engineering? Phil Trans R Soc A 362 (1825), 2821-2850 (2004) (Pubitemid 40008008)
105. A. Moroni, C. Faldini, F. Pegreffi, S. Giannini: Hydroxyapatite-coated screws decrease the incidence of fixation failure in osteoporotic trochanteric fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 425, 87-92 (2004) (Pubitemid 39062754)
106. M. Fini, G. Giavaresi, T. Greggi, L. Martini, N. Nicoli Aldini, P. Parisini, R. Giardino: Biological assessment of the bone-screw interface after insertion of uncoated and hydroxyapatite-coated pedicular screws in the osteopenic sheep. J Biomed Mater Res A 66 (1), 176-183 (2003) (Pubitemid 37517263)
107. J. Pan, T. Shirota, K. Ohno, K. Michi: Effect of ovariectomy on bone remodelling and adjacent to hydroxyapatite-coated implants in the tibia of mature rats. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 58, 877-882 (2000) (Pubitemid 30602922)
108. A. H. A. Kurth, C. Eberhardt, S. Muller, J. M. Steinacker, M. Schwarz, F. Bauss: The biphosphonate ibandronate improves implant integration in osteopenic ovariectomized rats. Bone 37 (2), 204-210 (2005) (Pubitemid 40962428)
109. L. Le Guehennec, A. Soueidan, P. Layrolle, Y. Amouriq: Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration. Dent Mat 23 (7), 844-854 (2007) (Pubitemid 46734313)
110. V. Borsari, M. Fini, G. Giavaresi, M. Tschon, R. Chiesa, L. Chiusoli, A. Salito, L. Rimondini, R. Giardino: Comparative in vivo evaluation of porous and dense duplex titanium and hydroxyapatite coating with high roughnesses in different implantation environments. J Biomed Mater Res A 89 (2), 550-560 (2009)
111. M-E. Marquis, E. Lord, E. Bergeron, O. Drevelle, H. Park, F. Cabana, H. Senta, N. Faucheux: Bone cells-biomaterials interactions. Front Biosci 14, 1023-1067 (2009)
112. M. Yoshinari, Y. Oda, T. Inoue, K. Matsuzaka, M. Shimono: Bone response to calcium phosphate coated and biphosphonate immobilized titanium implants. Biomaterials 23 (14), 2879-2885 (2002) (Pubitemid 34497078)
113. G. Giro, D. Goncalves, C. E. Sakakura, R. M. Rodrigues Pereira, E. Marcantonio Junior, S. Regina Perez Orrico: Influence of estrogen deficiency and its treatment with alendronate and estrogen on bone density around osseointegrated implants: radiographic study in female rats. Oral Surg Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 105, 162-167 (2008)
114. V. A. Stadelmann, A. Terrier, O. Gauthier, J-M. Bouler, D. P. Pioletti: Implants delivering biphosphonate locally increase periprosthetic bone density in an osteoporotic sheep model. A pilot study. Eur Cell Mater 16, 10-16 (2008)
115. Z. Du, J. Chen, F. Yan, Y. Xiao: Effects of Simvastatin on bone healing around titanium implants in osteoporotic rats. Clin Oral Impl Res 20, 145-150 (2009)
116. G. Mundy, R. Garrett, S. Harris, J. Chan, D. Chen, G. Rossini, B. Boyce, M. Zhao, G. Gutierrez: Stimulation of bone formation In vitro and in rodents by statins. Science 286, 1946-1949 (1999) (Pubitemid 129515901)
117. P. J. Marie: Strontium ranelate: new insights into its dual mode of action. Bone 40, S5-8 (2007) (Pubitemid 46562594)
118. S. Peng, G. Zhou, K. D. Luk, K. M. Cheung, Z. Li, W. M. Lam, Z. Zhou, W. W. Lu: Strontium promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through the Ras/MAPK signalling pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem 23 (1-3), 165-174 (2009)
119. Z. Li, W. W. Lu, P. K. Chiu, W. M. Lam, B. Xu, K. M. Cheung, J. C. Leong, K. D. Luk: Strontium-Calcium coadministration stimulates bone matrix osteogenic factor expression and new bone formation in a large animal model. J Orthop Res (epub of print) (2008)
120. L. Leroux, J. L. Lacout: Preparation of calcium strontium hydroxyapatites by a new route involving calcium phosphate cements. J Mater Res 16 (1), 171-178 (2001) (Pubitemid 34574298)
121. E. Landi, A. Tampieri, G. Celotti, S. Sprio, M. Sandri, G. Logroscino: Sr-substituted hydroxyapatites for osteoporotic bone replacement. Acta Biomater 3, 961-969 (2007) (Pubitemid 47382671)
122. C. Cappuccini, P. Torricelli, E. Boanini, M. Gazzano, R. Giardino, A. Bigi: Interaction of Sr-doped hydroxyapatite nanocrystals with osteoclast and osteoblast-like cells. J Biomed Mater Res 89 (3), 594-600 (2009)
123. K-H. Frosch, A. Drengk, P. Krausse, V. Volker, N. Miosge, C. Werner, D. Schild, E. K. Sturmer, K. M. Sturmer: Stem cell-coated titanium implants for the partial joint resurfacing of the knee. Biomaterials 27, 2542-2549 (2006) (Pubitemid 43113279)
124. K. Soballe, T. B. Jensen, O. Mouzin, L. Kidder, J. E. Bechtold: Differential effect of a bone morphogenetic protein-7 (OP-1) on primary and revision loaded, stable implants with allografts. J Biomed Mater Res 71A, 569-576 (2004) (Pubitemid 39585219)
125. K. J. Kim, M. Iwase, S. Kotake, T. Itoh: Effects of bone marrow grafting on the titanium porous-coated implant in bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthopaedica 78, 116-122 (2007) (Pubitemid 46570267)
126. L. Peidro, J. M. Segur, D. Poggio, P. Fernandez de Retana: Use of freeze-dried bone allograft with platelet-derived growth factor for revision of a glenoid component. J Bone Joint Surg Br 88 (9), 1228-1231 (2006) (Pubitemid 44404600)
127. R. D. Sumner, T. M. Turner, R. M. Urban, A. S. Virdi, N. Inoue: Additive enhancement of implant fixation following combined treatment with rhTGF beta2 and rhBMP-2 in a canine model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88 (4), 806-817 (2006)
128. D. Dallari, M. Fini, G. Giavaresi, N. Del Piccolo, C. Stagni, L. Amendola, N. Rani, S. Gnudi, R. Giardino: Effects of pulsed electromagnetic stimulation on patients undergoing hip revision prostheses: a randomized prospective double blind study. Bioelectromagnetics (epub of print) (2009)
129. Y. Gao, E. Luo, J. Hu, J. Xue, S. Zhu, J. Li: Effect of combined local treatment with zoledronic acid and basic fibroblast growth factor on implant fixation in ovariectomized rats. Bone 44, 225-232 (2009)
130. A. Sachse, A. Wagner, M. Keller, O. Wagner, W. Wetzel, F. Layher, R. A. Venbrocks, P. Hortschanky, M. Pietraszczyk, B. Wiederanders, H. J. Hempel, J. Bossert, J. Horn, K. Schmuck, J. Mollenhauer: Osteointegration of hydroxyapatite-Titanium implants coated with nonglycosilated recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in aged sheep. Bone 37, 699-710 (2005) (Pubitemid 41476393)
131. K. Hayashi, A. Fotovati, S. Abu-Ali, K. Oda, H. Oida, M. Naito: Prostaglandin EP4 receptor agonist augments fixation of hydroxyapatite-coated implants in a rat model of osteoporosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 87-B (8), 1150-1156 (2005) (Pubitemid 41131568)
132. A. Bigi, N. Nicoli-Aldini, B. Bracci, B. Zavan, E. Boanini, F. Sbaiz, S. Panzavolta, G. Zorzato, R. Giardino, A. Facchini, G. Abatangelo, R. Cortivo: In vitro culture of mesenchymal cells onto nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite-coated Ti13Nb13Zr alloy. J Biomed Mater Res 82A, 213-221 (2007) (Pubitemid 46906508)
133. A. Bigi, M. Fini, B. Bracci, E. Boanini, P. Torricelli, G. Giavaresi, N. Nicoli Aldini, A. Facchini, F. Sbaiz, R. Giardino: The response of bone to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite-coated Ti13Nb11Zr alloy in an animal model. Biomaterials 29, 1730-1736 (2008)
134. L. H. Tasker, G. J. Sparey-Taylor, L. D. Nokes: Applications of nanotechnology in orthopaedics. Clin Orthop Rel Res 456, 243-249 (2007) (Pubitemid 46662425)
135. E. M. Christenson, T. S. Anseth, J. van de Beuken, C. K. Chan, B. Ercan, J. A. Jansen, C. T. Laurencin, W-J. Li, R. Murugan, L. S. Nair, S. Ramakrisna, R. S. Tuan, T. J. Webster, A. G. Mikos: Nanobiomaterial applications in orthopaedics. J Orthop Res 25, 11-22 (2007)
136. T. J. Webster, L. S. Schadler, R. W. Siegel: Mechanism of enhanced osteoblast adhesion on nanophase alumina involve vitronectin. Tissue Eng 7 (3), 291-301 (2001) (Pubitemid 32574927)
137. Y. Tang, W. Tang, J. Lin, Y. Jie, H. Wang, L. Liu, W. Tian: Combination of bone tissue engineering and BMP-2 gene transfection promotes bone healing in osteoporotic rats. Cell Biol Int 32, 1150-1157 (2008)