Extracellular matrix roles during cardiac repair

Life Sciences

Volumn 87, Issue 13-14, 2010, Pages 391-400

  Jourdan LeSaux, Claude ^a   Zhang, Jianhua ^a   Lindsey, Merry L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

Author keywords

Extracellular matrix; Fibrosis; Inflammation; Left ventricular remodeling; Matrix metalloproteinases

Indexed keywords

CARDIOTROPHIN 1; CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; COLLAGEN TYPE 1; COLLAGEN TYPE 3; COLLAGEN TYPE 4; COLLAGEN TYPE 6; FIBRONECTIN; FIBULIN; GAMMA INTERFERON; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; HYALURONIC ACID; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 11; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; LAMININ; OSTEOPONTIN; TENASCIN; THROMBOSPONDIN 1; THROMBOSPONDIN 2; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 1; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 2; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 3; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 4; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RUNX2; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; UNINDEXED DRUG; VERSICAN; VITRONECTIN; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE;

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; FIBROBLAST; HEART INFARCTION; HEART INJURY; HEART VENTRICLE REMODELING; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REVIEW; WOUND HEALING; ANIMAL; METABOLISM;

ANIMALS; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HUMANS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; VENTRICULAR REMODELING; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 77956922065     PISSN: 00243205     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.07.010     Document Type: Review

References (155)

1. Adair-Kirk T.L., Senior R.M. Fragments of extracellular matrix as mediators of inflammation. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 2008, 40(6-7):1101-1110.
2. Adair-Kirk T.L., Atkinson J.J., Broekelmann T.J., Doi M., Tryggvason K., Miner J.H., Mecham R.P., Senior R.M. A site on laminin {alpha}5, AQARSAASKVKVSMKF, induces inflammatory cell production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and chemotaxis. Journal of Immunology 2003, 171(1):398-406.
3. Ali M.A., Schulz R. Activation of MMP-2 as a key event in oxidative stress injury to the heart. Frontiers in Bioscience 2009, 14:699-716.
4. Apostolakis S., Lip G.Y.H., Shantsila E. Monocytes in heart failure: relationship to a deteriorating immune overreaction or a desperate attempt for tissue repair?. Cardiovascular Research 2010, 85(4):649-660.
5. Banerjee I., Fuseler J.W., Souders C.A., Bowers S.L., Baudino T.A. The role of interleukin-6 in the formation of the coronary vasculature. Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009, 15(5):415-421.
6. Bishop J.E., Laurent G.J. Collagen turnover and its regulation in the normal and hypertrophying heart. European Heart Journal 1995, 16(Suppl C):38-44.
7. Bowers S.L., Borg T.K., Baudino T.A. The dynamics of fibroblast-myocyte-capillary interactions in the heart. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2010, 1188:143-152.
8. Bradshaw A.D., Puolakkainen P., Dasgupta J., Davidson J.M., Wight T.N., Sage H.E. SPARC-null mice display abnormalities in the dermis characterized by decreased collagen fibril diameter and reduced tensile strength. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2003, 120(6):949-955.
9. Bradshaw A.D., Baicu C.F., Rentz T.J., Van Laer A.O., Boggs J., Lacy J.M., Zile M.R. Pressure overload-induced alterations in fibrillar collagen content and myocardial diastolic function: role of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in post-synthetic procollagen processing. Circulation 2009, 119(2):269-280.
10. Brellier F., Tucker R.P., Chiquet-Ehrismann R. Tenascins and their implications in diseases and tissue mechanics. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2009, 19(4):511-519.
11. Brown R.D., Ambler S.K., Mitchell M.D., Long C.S. The cardiac fibroblast: therapeutic target in myocardial remodeling and failure. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2005, 45(1):657-687.
12. Bujak M., Frangogiannis N.G. The role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of heart disease. Archives Immunology Therapeutics Experimental (Warsz) 2009, 57(3):165-176.
13. Butler G.S., Butler M.J., Atkinson S.J., Will H., Tamura T., van Westrum S.S., Crabbe T., Clements J., d'Ortho M.-P., Murphy G. The TIMP2 membrane type 1 metalloproteinase "receptor" regulates the concentration and efficient activation of progelatinase A. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1998, 273(2):871-880.
14. Camelliti P., Borg T.K., Kohl P. Structural and functional characterisation of cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiovascular Research 2005, 65(1):40-51.
15. Cao J., Drews M., Lee H.M., Conner C., Bahou W.F., Zucker S. The propeptide domain of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase is required for binding of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and for activation of pro-gelatinase A. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1998, 273(52):34745-34752.
16. Carver W., Terracio L., Borg T.K. Expression and accumulation of interstitial collagen in the neonatal rat heart. The Anatomical Record 1993, 236(3):511-520.
17. Cauwe B., Steen P.E., Opdenakker G. The biochemical, biological, and pathological kaleidoscope of cell surface substrates processed by matrix metalloproteinases. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2007, 42(3):113-185.
18. Chatelain P., Latour J.G., Tran D., de Lorgeril M., Dupras G., Bourassa M. Neutrophil accumulation in experimental myocardial infarcts: relation with extent of injury and effect of reperfusion. Circulation 1987, 75(5):1083-1090.
19. Chatila K., Ren G., Xia Y., Huebener P., Bujak M., Frangogiannis N.G. The role of the thrombospondins in healing myocardial infarcts. Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2007, 5(1):21-27.
20. Chiao Y.A., Zamilpa R., Lopez E.F., Dai Q., Escobar G.P., Hakala K.W., Weintraub S.T., Lindsey M.L. In vivo matrix metalloproteinase-7 substrates identified in the left ventricle post-myocardial infarction using proteomics. Journal of Proteome Research 2010, 9(5):2649-2657.
21. Chintala S.K., Zhang X., Austin J.S., Fini M.E. Deficiency in matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase B (MMP-9) protects against retinal ganglion cell death after optic nerve ligation. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002, 277(49):47461-47468.
22. Davis G.E. Matricryptic sites control tissue injury responses in the cardiovascular system: relationships to pattern recognition receptor regulated events. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2010, 48(3):454-460.
23. Dean D.D., Muniz O.E., Berman I., Pita J.C., Carreno M.R., Woessner J.F., Howell D.S. Localization of collagenase in the growth plate of rachitic rats. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1985, 76(2):716-722.
24. Desmouliere A., Chaponnier C., Gabbiani G. Tissue repair, contraction, and the myofibroblast. Wound Repair and Regeneration 2005, 13(1):7-12.
25. Deten A., Volz H.C., Briest W., Zimmer H.G. Cardiac cytokine expression is upregulated in the acute phase after myocardial infarction. Experimental studies in rats. Cardiovascular Research 2002, 55(2):329-340.
26. Dewald O., Ren G., Duerr G.D., Zoerlein M., Klemm C., Gersch C., Tincey S., Michael L.H., Entman M.L., Frangogiannis N.G. Of mice and dogs: species-specific differences in the inflammatory response following myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Pathology 2004, 164(2):665-677.
27. Dobaczewski M., Frangogiannis N.G. Chemokines and cardiac fibrosis. Frontiers Bioscience (School Edition) 2009, 1:391-405.
28. Dobaczewski M., Bujak M., Zymek P., Ren G., Entman M.L., Frangogiannis N.G. Extracellular matrix remodeling in canine and mouse myocardial infarcts. Cell and Tissue Research 2006, V324(3):475-488.
29. Doi M., Kusachi S., Murakami T., Ninomiya Y., Murakami M., Nakahama M., Takeda K., Komatsubara I., Naito I., Tsuji T. Time-dependent changes of decorin in the infarct zone after experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats: comparison with biglycan. Pathology, Research and Practice 2000, 196(1):23-33.
30. Egeblad M., Werb Z. New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nature Reviews Cancer 2002, 2(3):163-176.
31. Espira L., Michael P.C. Emerging concepts in cardiac matrix biology. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2009, 87(12):996-1008.
32. Espira L., Lamoureux L., Jones S.C., Gerard R.D., Dixon I.M., Czubryt M.P. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor scleraxis regulates fibroblast collagen synthesis. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2009, 47(2):188-195.
33. Fischer P., Hilfiker-Kleiner D. Survival pathways in hypertrophy and heart failure: the gp130-STAT3 axis. Basic Research in Cardiology 2007, 102(4):279-297.
34. Frangogiannis N.G. Targeting the inflammatory response in healing myocardial infarcts. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006, 13(16):1877-1893.
35. Frangogiannis N.G. The immune system and cardiac repair. Pharmacological Research 2008, 58(2):88-111.
36. Frangogiannis N.G., Entman M.L. Role of inflammation following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The Textbook of Coronary Thrombosis and Thombolysis 1997, 569-584. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA. R.C. Becker (Ed.).
37. Frangogiannis N.G., Smith C.W., Entman M.L. The inflammatory response in myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular Research 2002, 53(1):31-47.
38. Frangogiannis N.G., Ren G., Dewald O., Zymek P., Haudek S., Koerting A. Critical role of endogenous thrombospondin-1 in preventing expansion of healing myocardial infarcts. Circulation 2005, 111(22):2935-2942.
39. Frantz S., Hu K., Adamek A., Wolf J., Sallam A., Maier S.K., Lonning S., Ling H., Ertl G., Bauersachs J. Transforming growth factor beta inhibition increases mortality and left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction. Basic Research in Cardiology 2008, 103(5):485-492.
40. Frantz S., Bauersachs J., Ertl G. Post-infarct remodelling: contribution of wound healing and inflammation. Cardiovascular Research 2009, 81(3):474-481.
41. Fujimoto N., Onishi K., Sato A., Terasaki F., Tsukada B., Nozato T., Yamada T., Imanaka-Yoshida K., Yoshida T., Ito M., Hiroe M. Incremental prognostic values of serum tenascin-C levels with blood B-type natriuretic peptide testing at discharge in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and decompensated heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2009, 15(10):898-905.
42. Gearing A.J.H., Beckett P., Christodoulou M., Churchill M., Blements J.M., Crimmin M., Davidson A.H., Drummond A.H., Galloway W.A., Gilbert R., Gordon J.L., Lebel T.M., Mangan M., Miller K., Nayee P., Owen K., Patel S., Thomas W., Wells G., Wood L.M., Woolley K. Matrix metalloproteinases and processing of pro-TNF-a. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 1995, 57:774-777.
43. Gerdin B., Hallgren R. Dynamic role of hyaluronan (HYA) in connective tissue activation and inflammation. Journal of Internal Medicine 1997, 242(1):49-55.
44. Ghosh A.K., Varga J. The transcriptional coactivator and acetyltransferase p300 in fibroblast biology and fibrosis. Journal of Cellular Physiology 2007, 213(3):663-671.
45. Goumans M.J., van Zonneveld A.J., ten Dijke P. Transforming growth factor beta-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: a switch to cardiac fibrosis?. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 2008, 18(8):293-298.
46. Gross J., Lapiere C.M. Collagenolytic activity in amphibian tissues: a tissue culture assay. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1962, 48:1014-1022.
47. Gu Z., Cui J., Brown S., Fridman R., Mobashery S., Strongin A.Y., Lipton S.A. A highly specific inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 rescues laminin from proteolysis and neurons from apoptosis in transient focal cerebral ischemia. The Journal of Neuroscience 2005, 25(27):6401-6408.
48. Haudek S.B., Xia Y., Huebener P., Lee J.M., Carlson S., Crawford J.R., Pilling D., Gomer R.H., Trial J., Frangogiannis N.G., Entman M.L. Bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors mediate ischemic cardiomyopathy in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006, 103(48):18284-18289.
49. Henning R.J., Shariff M., Eadula U., Alvarado F., Vasko M., Sanberg P.R., Sanberg C.D., Delostia V. Human cord blood mononuclear cells decrease cytokines and inflammatory cells in acute myocardial infarction. Stem Cells and Development 2008, 17(6):1207-1220.
50. Herskowitz A., Choi S., Ansari A.A., Wesselingh S. Cytokine mRNA expression in postischemic/reperfused myocardium. The American Journal of Pathology 1995, 146(2):419-428.
51. Hertig A., Gangadhar T., Kalluri R. Renal studies provide an insight into cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling during health and disease. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2010, 48(3):497-503.
52. Hinz B., Celetta G., Tomasek J.J., Gabbiani G., Chaponnier C. Alpha-smooth muscle actin expression upregulates fibroblast contractile activity. Molecular Biology of the Cell 2001, 12(9):2730-2741.
53. Hinz B., Mastrangelo D., Iselin C.E., Chaponnier C., Gabbiani G. Mechanical tension controls granulation tissue contractile activity and myofibroblast differentiation. The American Journal of Pathology 2001, 159(3):1009-1020.
54. Hinz B., Phan S.H., Thannickal V.J., Galli A., Bochaton-Piallat M.L., Gabbiani G. The myofibroblast. One function, multiple origins. The American Journal of Pathology 2007, 170(6):1807-1816.
55. Hogg J.C., Timens W. The pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annual Review of Pathology 2009, 4:435-459.
56. Holmes J.W., Borg T.K., Covell J.W. Structure and mechanics of healing myocardial infarcts. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 2005, 7:223-253.
57. Hori M., Nishida K. Oxidative stress and left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular Research 2009, 81(3):457-464.
58. Huebener P., Abou-Khamis T., Zymek P., Bujak M., Ying X., Chatila K., Haudek S., Thakker G., Frangogiannis N.G. CD44 is critically involved in infarct healing by regulating the inflammatory and fibrotic response. Journal of Immunology 2008, 180(4):2625-2633.
59. Ikeuchi M., Tsutsui H., Shiomi T., Matsusaka H., Matsushima S., Wen J., Kubota T., Takeshita A. Inhibition of TGF-beta signaling exacerbates early cardiac dysfunction but prevents late remodeling after infarction. Cardiovascular Research 2004, 64(3):526-535.
60. Imai K., Hiramatsu A., Fukushima D., Pierschbacher M.D., Okada Y. Degradation of decorin by matrix metalloproteinases: identification of the cleavage sites, kinetic analyses and transforming growth factor-b1 release. The Biochemical Journal 1997, 322:809-814.
61. Imanaka-Yoshida K., Hiroe M., Nishikawa T., Ishiyama S., Shimojo T., Ohta Y., Sakakura T., Yoshida T. Tenascin-C modulates adhesion of cardiomyocytes to extracellular matrix during tissue remodeling after myocardial infarction. Laboratory Investigation 2001, 81(7):1015-1024.
62. Irwin M.W., Mak S., Mann D.L., Qu R., Penninger J.M., Yan A., Dawood F., Wen W.H., Shou Z., Liu P. Tissue expression and immunolocalization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in postinfarction dysfunctional myocardium. Circulation 1999, 99(11):1492-1498.
63. Itoh Y., Ito A., Iwata K., Tanzawa K., Mori Y., Nagase H. Plasma membrane-bound tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 specifically inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 2 (gelatinase A) activated on the cell surface. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1998, 273(38):24360-24367.
64. Kandasamy A.D., Schulz R. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is activated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 mediated proteolysis in cardiomyoblasts. Cardiovascular Research 2009, 83(4):698-706.
65. Keeley E.C., Mehrad B., Strieter R.M. The role of circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells (fibrocytes) in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2009, 101(4):613-618.
66. Kinoshita T., Sato H., Okada A., Ohuchi E., Imai K., Okada Y., Seiki M. TIMP-2 promotes activation of progelatinase A by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase immobilized on agarose beads. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1998, 273(26):16098-16103.
67. Kolansky D.M. Acute coronary syndromes: morbidity, mortality, and pharmacoeconomic burden. American Journal Management Care 2009, 15(2 Suppl):S36-S41.
68. Krane S.M. Collagenases and collagen degradation. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1982, 79:83s-86s.
69. Krane S.M. The importance of proline residues in the structure, stability and susceptibility to proteolytic degradation of collagens. Amino Acids 2008, 35(4):703-710.
70. Krane S.M., Byrne H., Lemaitre V., Henriet P., Jeffrey J.J., Witter J.P., Liu X., Wu H., Jaenisch R., Eeckhout Y. Different collagenase gene products have different roles in degradation of type I collagen. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996, 271(45):28509-28515.
71. Kypriotou M., Beauchef G., Chadjichristos C., Widom R., Renard E., Jimenez S.A., Korn J., Maquart F.-X., Oddos T., Von Stetten O., Pujol J.-P., Galera P. Human collagen Krox up-regulates type I collagen expression in normal and scleroderma fibroblasts through interaction with Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007, 282(44):32000-32014.
72. Lambert J.M., Lopez E.F., Lindsey M.L. Macrophage roles following myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology 2008, 130(2):147-158.
73. Liaw L., Crawford H.C. Functions of the extracellular matrix and matrix degrading proteases during tumor progression. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 1999, 32(7):805-812.
74. Lindsey M.L. Novel strategies to delineate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-substrate relationships and identify targets to block MMP activity. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2006, 6(11):1243-1248.
75. Lindsey M., Wedin K., Brown M.D., Keller C., Evans A.J., Smolen J., Burns A.R., Rossen R.D., Michael L., Entman M. Matrix-dependent mechanism of neutrophil-mediated release and activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Circulation 2001, 103:2181-2187.
76. Lindsey M.L., Yoshioka J., MacGillivray C., Muangman S., Gannon J., Verghese A., Aikawa M., Libby P., Krane S.M., Lee R.T. Effect of a cleavage-resistant collagen mutation on left ventricular remodeling. Circulation Research 2003, 93(3):238-245.
77. Lindsey M.L., Escobar G.P., Mukherjee R., Goshorn D.K., Sheats N.J., Bruce J.A., Mains I.M., Hendrick J.K., Hewett K.W., Gourdie R.G., Matrisian L.M., Spinale F.G. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 affects connexin-43 levels, electrical conduction, and survival after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2006, 113(25):2919-2928.
78. Makowski G.S., Ramsby M.L. Calibrating gelatin zymograms with human gelatinase standards. Analytical Biochemistry 1996, 236(2):353-356.
79. Marom B., Rahat M.A., Lahat N., Weiss-Cerem L., Kinarty A., Bitterman H. Native and fragmented fibronectin oppositely modulate monocyte secretion of MMP-9. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2007, 81(6):1466-1476.
80. McCawley L.J., Matrisian L.M. Matrix metalloproteinases: they're not just for matrix anymore!. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 2001, 13(5):534-540.
81. McCawley L.J., Matrisian L.M. Tumor progression: defining the soil round the tumor seed. Current Biology 2001, 11(1):R25-R27.
82. McCurdy S., Baicu C.F., Heymans S., Bradshaw A.D. Cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling: fibrillar collagens and Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC). Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2010, 48(3):544-549.
83. Meier L., Hay E.D. Stimulation of corneal differentiation by interaction between cell surface and extracellular matrix. I. Morphometric analysis of transfilter "induction". The Journal of Cell Biology 1975, 66(2):275-291.
84. Michael L.H., Ballantyne C.M., Zachariah J.P., Gould K.E., Pocius J.S., Taffet G.E., Hartley C.J., Pham T.T., Daniel S.L., Funk E., Entman M.L. Myocardial infarction and remodeling in mice: effect of reperfusion. The American Journal of Physiology 1999, 277(2 Pt 2):H660-H668.
85. Morishita N., Kusachi S., Yamasaki S., Kondo J., Tsuji T. Sequential changes in laminin and type IV collagen in the infarct zone-immunohistochemical study in rat myocardial infarction. Japanese Circulation Journal 1996, 60(2):108-114.
86. Morodomi T., Ogata Y., Sasaguri Y., Morimatsu M., Nagase H. Purification and characterization of matrix metalloproteinase 9 from U937 monocytic leukaemia and HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. The Biochemical Journal 1992, 285(Pt 2):603-611.
87. Mydel P., Shipley J.M., Adair-Kirk T.L., Kelley D.G., Broekelmann T.J., Mecham R.P., Senior R.M. Neutrophil elastase cleaves laminin-332 (laminin-5) generating peptides that are chemotactic for neutrophils. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008, 283(15):9513-9522.
88. Nakahama M., Murakami T., Kusachi S., Naito I., Takeda K., Ohnishi H., Komatsubara I., Oka T., Ninomiya Y., Tsuji T. Expression of perlecan proteoglycan in the infarct zone of mouse myocardial infarction. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2000, 32(6):1087-1100.
89. Nishioka T., Onishi K., Shimojo N., Nagano Y., Matsusaka H., Ikeuchi M., Ide T., Tsutsui H., Hiroe M., Yoshida T., Imanaka-Yoshida K. Tenascin-C may aggravate left ventricular remodeling and function after myocardial infarction in mice. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2010, 298(3):H1072-H1078.
90. Ono K., Matsumori A., Shioi T., Furukawa Y., Sasayama S. Cytokine gene expression after myocardial infarction in rat hearts: possible implication in left ventricular remodeling. Circulation 1998, 98(2):149-156.
91. Oyama J., Blais C., Liu X., Pu M., Kobzik L., Kelly R.A., Bourcier T. Reduced myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in toll-like receptor 4-deficient mice. Circulation 2004, 109(6):784-789.
92. Palatinus J.A., Rhett J.M., Gourdie R.G. Translational lessons from scarless healing of cutaneous wounds and regenerative repair of the myocardium. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2010, 48(3):550-557.
93. Park A.J., Matrisian L.M., Kells A.F., Pearson R., Yuan Z.Y., Navre M. Mutational analysis of the transin (rat stromelysin) autoinhibitor region demonstrates a role for residues surrounding the "cysteine switch". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1991, 266(3):1584-1590.
94. Pei D., Weiss S.J. Transmembrane-deletion mutants of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 process progelatinase A and express intrinsic matrix-degrading activity. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996, 271(15):9135-9140.
95. Poobalarahi F., Baicu C.F., Bradshaw A.D. Cardiac myofibroblasts differentiated in 3D culture exhibit distinct changes in collagen I production, processing, and matrix deposition. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2006, 291(6):H2924-H2932.
96. Porter K.E., Turner N.A. Cardiac fibroblasts: at the heart of myocardial remodeling. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2009, 123(2):255-278.
97. Porter K.E., Turner N.A., O'Regan D.J., Ball S.G. Tumor necrosis factor [alpha] induces human atrial myofibroblast proliferation, invasion and MMP-9 secretion: inhibition by simvastatin. Cardiovascular Research 2004, 64(3):507-515.
98. Puolakkainen P.A., Bradshaw A.D., Brekken R.A., Reed M.J., Kyriakides T., Funk S.E., Gooden M.D., Vernon R.B., Wight T.N., Bornstein P., Sage E.H. SPARC-thrombospondin-2-double-null mice exhibit enhanced cutaneous wound healing and increased fibrovascular invasion of subcutaneous polyvinyl alcohol sponges. The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 2005, 53(5):571-581.
99. Riad A., Jager S., Sobirey M., Escher F., Yaulema-Riss A., Westermann D., Karatas A., Heimesaat M.M., Bereswill S., Dragun D., Pauschinger M., Schultheiss H.P., Tschope C. Toll-like receptor-4 modulates survival by induction of left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in mice. Journal of Immunology 2008, 180(10):6954-6961.
100. Rossen R.D., Michael L.H., Kagiyama A., Savage H.E., Hanson G., Reisberg M.A., Moake J.N., Kim S.H., Self D., Weakley S. Mechanism of complement activation after coronary artery occlusion: evidence that myocardial ischemia in dogs causes release of constituents of myocardial subcellular origin that complex with human C1q in vivo. Circulation Research 1988, 62:572-584.
101. Roufosse C., Bou-Gharios G., Prodromidi E., Alexakis C., Jeffery R., Khan S., Otto W.R., Alter J., Poulsom R., Cook H.T. Bone marrow-derived cells do not contribute significantly to collagen I synthesis in a murine model of renal fibrosis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2006, 17(3):775-782.
102. Santavicca M., Noel A., Angliker H., Stoll I., Segain J.P., Anglard P., Chretien M., Seidah N., Basset P. Characterization of structural determinants and molecular mechanisms involved in pro-stromelysin-3 activation by 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate and furin-type convertases. The Biochemical Journal 1996, 315(Pt 3):953-958.
103. Sasaki T., Gohring W., Mann K., Maurer P., Hohenester E., Knauper V., Murphy G., Timpl R. Limited cleavage of extracellular matrix protein BM-40 by matrix metalloproteinases increases its affinity for collagens. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1997, 272(14):9237-9243.
104. Sasse P., Malan D., Fleischmann M., Roell W., Gustafsson E., Bostani T., Fan Y., Kolbe T., Breitbach M., Addicks K., Welz A., Brem G., Hescheler J., Aszodi A., Costell M., Bloch W., Fleischmann B.K. Perlecan is critical for heart stability. Cardiovascular Research 2008, 80(3):435-444.
105. Sauk J.J., Nikitakis N., Siavash H. Hsp47 a novel collagen binding serpin chaperone, autoantigen and therapeutic target. Frontiers in Bioscience 2005, 10:107-118.
106. Schaefer L., Babelova A., Kiss E., Hausser H.-J., Baliova M., Krzyzankova M., Marsche G., Young M.F., Mihalik D., Gotte M., Malle E., Schaefer R.M., Grone H.-J. The matrix component biglycan is proinflammatory and signals through Toll-like receptors 4 and 2 in macrophages. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005, 115(8):2223-2233.
107. Schedin P., Strange R., Mitrenga T., Wolfe P., Kaeck M. Fibronectin fragments induce MMP activity in mouse mammary epithelial cells: evidence for a role in mammary tissue remodeling. Journal of Cell Science 2000, 113(5):795-806.
108. Schellings M.W., Vanhoutte D., Swinnen M., Cleutjens J.P., Debets J., van Leeuwen R.E., d'Hooge J., Van de Werf F., Carmeliet P., Pinto Y.M., Sage E.H., Heymans S. Absence of SPARC results in increased cardiac rupture and dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2009, 206(1):113-123.
109. Schnoor M., Cullen P., Lorkowski J., Stolle K., Robenek H., Troyer D., Rauterberg J., Lorkowski S. Production of Type VI collagen by human macrophages: a new dimension in macrophage functional heterogeneity. Journal of Immunology 2008, 180(8):5707-5719.
110. Serini G., Gabbiani G. Mechanisms of myofibroblast activity and phenotypic modulation. Experimental Cell Research 1999, 250(2):273-283.
111. Serini G., Bochaton-Piallat M.L., Ropraz P., Geinoz A., Borsi L., Zardi L., Gabbiani G. The fibronectin domain ED-A is crucial for myofibroblastic phenotype induction by transforming growth factor-beta1. The Journal of Cell Biology 1998, 142(3):873-881.
112. Shamhart P.E., Meszaros J.G. Non-fibrillar collagens: key mediators of post-infarction cardiac remodeling?. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2010, 48(3):530-537.
113. Shimazaki M., Nakamura K., Kii I., Kashima T., Amizuka N., Li M., Saito M., Fukuda K., Nishiyama T., Kitajima S., Saga Y., Fukayama M., Sata M., Kudo A. Periostin is essential for cardiac healing after acute myocardial infarction. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2008, 205(2):295-303.
114. Singh R.B., Dandekar S.P., Elimban V., Guptak S.K., Dhalla N.S. Role of proteases in the pathophysiology of cardiac disease. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 2004, 263:241-256.
115. Sternlicht M., Werb Z. How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 2001, 17(1):463-516.
116. Stutz A., Golenbock D.T., Latz E. Inflammasomes: too big to miss. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2009, 119(12):3502-3511.
117. Sulochana K.N., Fan H., Jois S., Subramanian V., Sun F., Kini R.M., Ge R. Peptides derived from human decorin leucine-rich repeat 5 inhibit angiogenesis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2005, 280(30):27935-27948.
118. Sun Y., Zhang J.Q., Zhang J., Lamparter S. Cardiac remodeling by fibrous tissue after infarction in rats. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 2000, 135(4):316-323.
119. Suzuki N., Yokoyama F., Nomizu M. Functional sites in the laminin alpha chains. Connective Tissue Research 2005, 46(3):142-152.
120. Takafuji V., Forgues M., Unsworth E., Goldsmith P., Wang X.W. An osteopontin fragment is essential for tumor cell invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2007, 26(44):6361-6371.
121. Takeda K., Kusachi S., Ohnishi H., Nakahama M., Murakami M., Komatsubara I., Oka T., Doi M., Ninomiya Y., Tsuji T. Greater than normal expression of the collagen-binding stress protein heat-shock protein-47 in the infarct zone in rats after experimentally-induced myocardial infarction. Coronary Artery Disease 2000, 11(1):57-68.
122. Takemura G., Ohno M., Hayakawa Y., Misao J., Kanoh M., Ohno A., Uno Y., Minatoguchi S., Fujiwara T., Fujiwara H. Role of apoptosis in the disappearance of infiltrated and proliferated interstitial cells after myocardial infarction. Circulation Research 1998, 82:1130-1138.
123. Tamaoki M., Imanaka-Yoshida K., Yokoyama K., Nishioka T., Inada H., Hiroe M., Sakakura T., Yoshida T. Tenascin-C regulates recruitment of myofibroblasts during tissue repair after myocardial injury. The American Journal of Pathology 2005, 167(1):71-80.
124. Tiede K., Melchior-Becker A., Fischer J. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulators of biglycan in cardiac fibroblasts. Basic Research in Cardiology 2010, 105(1):99-108.
125. Tran K.T., Griffith L., Wells A. Extracellular matrix signaling through growth factor receptors during wound healing. Wound Repair and Regeneration 2004, 12(3):262-268.
126. Tran K.T., Lamb P., Deng J.S. Matrikines and matricryptins: implications for cutaneous cancers and skin repair. Journal of Dermatological Science 2005, 40(1):11-20.
127. Trial J., Baughn R.E., Wygant J.N., McIntyre B.W., Birdsall H.H., Youker K.A., Evans A., Entman M.L., Rossen R.D. Fibronectin fragments modulate monocyte VLA-5 expression and monocyte migration. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1999, 104(4):419-430.
128. Trial J., Rossen R.D., Rubio J., Knowlton A.A. Inflammation and ischemia: macrophages activated by fibronectin fragments enhance the survival of injured cardiac myocytes. Experimental Biology and Medicine 2004, 229(6):538-545.
129. Turner N.A., O'Regan D.J., Ball S.G., Porter K.E. Endothelin-1 is an essential co-factor for beta2-adrenergic receptor-induced proliferation of human cardiac fibroblasts. FEBS Letters 2004, 576(1-2):156-160.
130. Turner N.A., Mughal R.S., Warburton P., O'Regan D.J., Ball S.G., Porter K.E. Mechanism of TNFalpha-induced IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 expression in human cardiac fibroblasts: effects of statins and thiazolidinediones. Cardiovascular Research 2007, 76(1):81-90.
131. Turner N.A., Das A., Warburton P., O'Regan D.J., Ball S.G., Porter K.E. Interleukin-1alpha stimulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in human cardiac myofibroblasts. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2009, 297(3):H1117-H1127.
132. Tyagi S.C., Matsubara L., Weber K.T. Direct extraction and estimation of collagenase(s) activity by zymography in microquantities of rat myocardium and uterus. Clinical Biochemistry 1993, 26:191-198.
133. Ulrich M.M., Janssen A.M., Daemen M.J., Rappaport L., Samuel J.L., Contard F., Smits J.F., Cleutjens J.P. Increased expression of fibronectin isoforms after myocardial infarction in rats. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1997, 29(9):2533-2543.
134. Vaisar T., Kassim S.Y., Gomez I.G., Green P.S., Hargarten S., Gough P.J., Parks W.C., Wilson C.L., Raines E.W., Heinecke J.W. MMP-9 sheds the beta2 integrin subunit (CD18) from macrophages. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 2009, 8(5):1044-1060.
135. van Amerongen M.J., Bou-Gharios G., Popa E., van Ark J., Petersen A.H., van Dam G.M., van Luyn M.J., Harmsen M.C. Bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts contribute functionally to scar formation after myocardial infarction. The Journal of Pathology 2008, 214(3):377-386.
136. van den Borne S.W.M., van de Schans V.A.M., Strzelecka A.E., Vervoort-Peters H.T.M., Lijnen P.M., Cleutjens J.P.M., Smits J.F.M., Daemen M.J.A.P., Janssen B.J.A., Blankesteijn W.M. Mouse strain determines the outcome of wound healing after myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular Research 2009, 84(2):273-282.
137. Van Wart H.E., Birkedal-Hansen H. The cysteine switch: A principle of regulation of metalloproteinase activity with potential applicability to the entire matrix metalloproteinase gene family. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1990, 87:5578-5582. (Biochemistry).
138. Vandervelde S., van Amerongen M.J., Tio R.A., Petersen A.H., van Luyn M.J., Harmsen M.C. Increased inflammatory response and neovascularization in reperfused vs. non-reperfused murine myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular Pathology 2006, 15(2):83-90.
139. Viappiani S., Nicolescu A.C., Holt A., Sawicki G., Crawford B.D., Leon H., van Mulligen T., Schulz R. Activation and modulation of 72kDa matrix metalloproteinase-2 by peroxynitrite and glutathione. Biochemical Pharmacology 2009, 77(5):826-834.
140. Virag J.I., Murry C.E. Myofibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation during murine myocardial infarct repair. The American Journal of Pathology 2003, 163(6):2433-2440.
141. Waldenstrom A., Martinussen H.J., Gerdin B., Hallgren R. Accumulation of hyaluronan and tissue edema in experimental myocardial infarction. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1991, 88(5):1622-1628.
142. Weber K.T. Monitoring tissue repair and fibrosis from a distance. Circulation 1997, 96(8):2488-2492.
143. Weis S.M., Zimmerman S.D., Shah M., Covell J.W., Omens J.H., Ross J.Jr., Dalton N., Jones Y., Reed C.C., Iozzo R.V., McCulloch A.D. A role for decorin in the remodeling of myocardial infarction. Matrix Biology 2005, 24(4):313-324.
144. Wenzel D., Schmidt A., Reimann K., Hescheler J., Pfitzer G., Bloch W., Fleischmann B.K. Endostatin, the proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII, induces vasorelaxation. Circulation Research 2006, 98(9):1203-1211.
145. Westermann D., Mersmann J., Melchior A., Freudenberger T., Petrik C., Schaefer L., Lullmann-Rauch R., Lettau O., Jacoby C., Schrader J., Brand-Herrman S.M., Young M.F., Schultheiss H.P., Levkau B., Baba H.A., Unger T., Zacharowski K., Tschope C., Fischer J.W. Biglycan is required for adaptive remodeling after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2008, 117(10):1269-1276.
146. White E.S., Baralle F.E., Muro A.F. New insights into form and function of fibronectin splice variants. The Journal of Pathology 2008, 216(1):1-14.
147. Willems I.E., Arends J.W., Daemen M.J. Tenascin and fibronectin expression in healing human myocardial scars. The Journal of Pathology 1996, 179(3):321-325.
148. Wilson M.S., Wynn T.A. Pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis, etiology and regulation. Mucosal Immunology 2009, 2(2):103-121.
149. Wu H., Byrne M.H., Stacey A., Goldring M.B., Birkhead J.R., Jaenisch R., Krane S.M. Generation of collagenase-resistant collagen by site-directed mutagenesis of murine proa1(I) collagen gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1990, 87:5888-5892.
150. Wu R.X., Laser M., Han H., Varadarajulu J., Schuh K., Hallhuber M., Hu K., Ertl G., Hauck C.R., Ritter O. Fibroblast migration after myocardial infarction is regulated by transient SPARC expression. Journal of Molecular Medicine 2006, V84(3):241-252.
151. Wynn T.A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. The Journal of Pathology 2008, 214(2):199-210.
152. Yamamoto K., Kusachi S., Ninomiya Y., Murakami M., Doi M., Takeda K., Shinji T., Higashi T., Koide N., Tsuji T. Increase in the expression of biglycan mRNA expression co-localized closely with that of type I collagen mRNA in the infarct zone after experimentally-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1998, 30(9):1749-1756.
153. Yano T., Miura T., Ikeda Y., Matsuda E., Saito K., Miki T., Kobayashi H., Nishino Y., Ohtani S., Shimamoto K. Intracardiac fibroblasts, but not bone marrow derived cells, are the origin of myofibroblasts in myocardial infarct repair. Cardiovascular Pathology 2005, 14(5):241-246.
154. Zamilpa R., Lopez E.F., Chiao Y.A., Dai Q., Escobar G.P., Hakala K., Weintraub S.T., Lindsey M.L. Proteomic analysis identifies in vivo candidate matrix metalloproteinase-9 substrates in the left ventricle post-myocardial infarction. Proteomics 2010, 10(11):2214-2223.
155. Zeisberg E.M., Tarnavski O., Zeisberg M., Dorfman A.L., McMullen J.R., Gustafsson E., Chandraker A., Yuan X., Pu W.T., Roberts A.B., Neilson E.G., Sayegh M.H., Izumo S., Kalluri R. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to cardiac fibrosis. Natural Medicines 2007, 13(8):952-961.