When personal identities confirm versus conflict with group identities: Evidence from an intergroup paradigm

European Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 652-670

  Patterson, Meagan M ^a   Bigler, Rebecca S ^b   Swann Jr , William B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956095998     PISSN: 00462772     EISSN: 10990992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.747     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Aberson, C. L., Healy, M., & Romero, V. (2000). Ingroup bias and self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4: 157-173.
2. Aboud, F. E. (1988). Children and prejudice. New York: Basil Blackwell.
3. Aboud, F. E. (2008). A social-cognitive developmental theory of prejudice. In S. M. Quintana & C. McKown (Eds.), Handbook of race, racism, and the developing child (pp. 55-71). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
4. Abrams, D.,&Hogg, M. A. (1988). Comments on the motivational status of self-esteem in social identity and intergroup discrimination. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18: 317-334.
5. Abrams, D., & Rutland, A. (2008). The development of subjective group dynamics. In S. R. Levy & M. Killen (Eds.), Intergroup attitudes and relations in childhood through adulthood (pp. 47-65). New York: Oxford.
6. Abrams, D., Rutland, A., & Cameron, L. (2003). The development of subjective group dynamics: Children's judgments of normative and deviant in-group and out-group individuals. Child Development, 74: 1840-1856.
7. Abrams, D., Rutland, A., Cameron, L., & Ferrell, J. (2007). Older but wilier: In-group accountability and the development of subjective group dynamics. Developmental Psychology, 43: 134-148.
8. Abrams, D., Rutland, A., Ferrell, J. M., & Pelletier, J. (2008). Children's judgments of disloyal and immoral peer behavior: Subjective group dynamics in minimal intergroup contexts. Child Development, 79: 444-461.
9. Alvarez, J. M., Ruble, D. N., & Bolger, N. (2001). Trait understanding or evaluative reasoning? An analysis of children's behavioral predictions. Child Development, 72: 1409-1425.
10. Bandura, A. (1990). Reflections on nonability determinants of competence. In R. Sternberg & J. Kolligan (Eds.), Competence considered (pp. 315-362). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
11. Barrett, M., & Davis, S. C. (2008). Applying social identity and self-categorization theories to children's racial, ethnic, national, and state identifications and attitudes. S. M. Quintana & C. McKown (Eds.), Handbook of race, racism, and the developing child (pp. 72-110). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
12. Bigler, R. S. (1995). The role of classification skill in moderating environmental influences on children's gender stereotyping: A study of the functional use of gender in the classroom. Child Development, 66: 1072-1087.
13. Bigler, R. S., Brown, C. S., & Markell, M. (2001). When groups are not created equal: Effects of group status on the formation of intergroup attitudes in children. Child Development, 72: 1151-1162.
14. Bigler, R. S., Jones, L. C., & Lobliner, D. B. (1997). Social categorization and the formation of intergroup attitudes in children. Child Development, 68: 530-543.
15. Brewer,M. B. (1991). The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17: 475-482.
16. Brown, C. S., & Bigler, R. S. (2002). Effects of minority status in the classroom on children's intergroup attitudes. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 83: 77-110.
17. Bussey, K., & Bandura, A. (1992). Self-regulatory mechanisms governing gender development. Child Development, 63: 1236-1250.
18. Bussey, K., & Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychological Review, 106: 676-713.
19. Cadinu, M. R., & Rothbart, M. (1996). Self-anchoring and differentiation processes in the minimal group setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70: 661-677.
20. Cameron, J. E., Duck, J. M., Terry, D. J., & Lalonde, R. N. (2005). Perceptions of self and group in the context of a threatened national identity: A field study. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 8: 73-88.
21. Cassidy, J., Aikins, J. W., & Chernoff, J. J. (2003). Children's peer selection: Experimental examination of the role of self-perceptions. Developmental Psychology, 39: 495-508.
22. Cassidy, J., Ziv, Y., Mehta, T. G., & Feeney, B. C. (2003). Feedback seeking in children and adolescents: Associations with selfperceptions, attachment representations and depression. Child Development, 74: 612-628.
23. Cherney, I. D. (2005). Children's and adult's recall of sex-stereotyped toy pictures: Effects of presentation and memory task. Infant and Child Development, 14: 11-27.
24. Clement, R.W.,&Krueger, J. (2002). Social categorization moderates social projection. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38: 219-231.
25. Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68: 653-663.
26. Dinella, L. M., & Martin, C. L. (2003, April). Gender stereotypes, gender identity, and preferences of self-identified tomboys and traditional girls. Poster presented at conference of the Society for Research in Child Development, Tampa, FL.
27. Dunham, Y., Baron, A. S., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). Children and social groups: A developmental analysis of implicit consistency in Hispanic Americans. Self and Identity, 6: 238-255.
28. Harter, S. (1982). The perceived competence scale for children. Child Development, 53: 87-97.
29. Harter, S. (2006). The self. In W. Damon & R.M. Lerner (Series Eds.), N. Eisenberg (Volume Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (sixth edition, pp. 505-570). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
30. Hogg, M. A. (2000). Social identity and social comparison. In J. Suls & L. Wheeler (Eds.), Handbook of social comparison: Theory and research (pp. 401-421). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
31. Hogg, M. A. (2007). Uncertainty-identity theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 39 (pp. 69-126). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
32. Hogg, M. A., & Haines, S. C. (1996). Intergroup relations and group solidarity: Effects of group identification and social beliefs on depersonalized attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70: 295-309.
33. Levy, G. D. (2000). Individual differences in race schematicity as predictors of African American and White children's race-relevant memories and peer preferences. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 161: 400-419.
34. Liben, L. S., & Bigler, R. S. (2002). The developmental course of gender differentiation: Conceptualizing, measuring, and evaluating constructs and pathways. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Serial no. 269, Vol. 67. Series editor:W. F. Overton.
35. Major, B., Spencer, S., Schmader, T.,Wolfe, C., & Crocker, J. (1998). Coping with negative stereotypes about intellectual performance: The role of psychological disengagement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24: 34-50.
36. Markus, H., & Kunda, Z. (1986). Stability and malleability of the self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49: 660-670.
37. Martin, C. L.,&Halverson, C. (1981). A schematic processing model of sex typing and stereotyping in children. Child Development, 52: 1119-1134.
38. McNulty, S. E., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (1994). Identity negotiation in roommate relationships: The self as architect and consequence of social reality. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 67: 1012-1023.
39. Otten, S., & Epstude, K. (2006). Overlapping mental representations of self, ingroup, and outgroup: Unraveling self-stereotyping and self-anchoring. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32: 957-969.
40. Oyserman, D., Brickman, D., Bybee, C., & Celious, A. (2006). Fitting in matters: Markers of in-group belonging and academic outcomes. Psychological Science, 17: 854-861.
41. Patterson, M. M., & Bigler, R. S. (2006). Preschool children's attention to environmental messages about groups: Social categorization and the origins of intergroup bias. Child Development, 77: 847-860.
42. Patterson, M. M., & Bigler, R. S. (2007). Effects of physical atypicality on children's social identities and intergroup attitudes. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31: 433-444.
43. Pickett, C. L., Bonner, B. L., & Coleman, J. M. (2002). Motivated self-stereotyping: Heightened assimilation and differentiation needs result in increased levels of positive and negative self-stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82: 543-562.
44. Reynolds, K. J., Turner, J. C., & Haslam, S. A. (2000). When are we better than them and they worse than us? A closer look at social discrimination in positive and negative domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78: 64-80.
45. Robbins, J. M., & Krueger, J. I. (2005). Social projection to ingroups and outgroups: A review and meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9: 32-47.
46. Rosen, L. H. (2006). The interplay of behavioral confirmation and self-verification in adolescent identity negotiation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation: University of Texas at Austin.
47. Rubin, M., & Hewstone, M. (1998). Social identity theory's self-esteem hypothesis: A review and some suggestions for clarification. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2: 40-62.
48. Ruble, D. N., Martin, C. L., & Berenbaum, S. A. (2006). Gender development. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Series Eds.) & N. Eisenberg (Volume Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (sixth edition, pp. 858-932). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
49. Rudman, L. A., Greenwald, A. G., & McGhee, D. E. (2001). Implicit self-concept and evaluative implicit gender stereotypes: Self and ingroup share desirable traits. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27: 1164-1178.
50. Sani, F., & Bennett, M. (2009). Children's inclusion of the group in the self: Evidence from a self-ingroup confusion paradigm. Child Development, 45: 503-510.
51. Shrauger, J. S., & Schoeneman, T. J. (1979). Symbolic interactionist view of self-concept: Through the looking glass darkly. Psychological Bulletin, 86: 549-573.
52. Signorella, M. L., Bigler, R. S., & Liben, L. S. (1997). A meta-analysis of children's memories for own-sex and other-sex information. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 18: 429-445.
53. Swann, W. B., Jr. (1987). Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53: 1038-1051.
54. Swann, W. B., Jr. (in press) Self-verification theory. In P. Van Lang, A. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology. Sage: London.
55. Swann,W. B., Jr.,&Bosson, J. K. (2008). Identity negotiation: A theory of self and social interaction. In O. John, R. Robins,&L. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: theory and research (third edition). New York: Guilford Press.
56. Swann, W. B., Jr., Milton, L. P., & Polzer, J. T. (2000). Should we create a niche or fall in line? Identity negotiation and small group effectiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79: 238-250.
57. Swann,W. B., Jr., Polzer, J. T., Seyle, D. C., & Ko, S. J. (2004). Finding value in diversity: Verification of personal and social self-views in diverse groups. Academy of Management Review, 29: 9-27.
58. Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. Oxford, England: Academic Press.
59. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict, In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations. Monterrey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
60. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). An integrative theory of intergroup relations. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson Hall.
61. Turner, J. C. (1975). Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 5: 5-34.
62. Turner, J. C. (2000). Social identity. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 341-343). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
63. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oaks, P. J., Reicher, S. D., &Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.