메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 11-27

Children's and adults' recall of sex-stereotyped toy pictures: Effects of presentation and memory task

Author keywords

Gender schema; Human sex differences; Memory; Stereotyped attitudes

Indexed keywords


EID: 20744434263     PISSN: 15227227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/icd.372     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0027546712 scopus 로고
    • Memory for gender-consistent and gender-inconsistent event sequences by twenty-five-month-old children
    • Bauer PJ. 1993. Memory for gender-consistent and gender-inconsistent event sequences by twenty-five-month-old children. Child Development 64: 285-297.
    • (1993) Child Development , vol.64 , pp. 285-297
    • Bauer, P.J.1
  • 2
    • 0347987455 scopus 로고
    • Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing
    • Bem SL. 1981. Gender schema theory: a cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review 88: 354-364.
    • (1981) Psychological Review , vol.88 , pp. 354-364
    • Bem, S.L.1
  • 4
    • 0001566749 scopus 로고
    • Changes and differences in preschoolers' understanding of gender scripts
    • Boston MB, Levy GD. 1991. Changes and differences in preschoolers' understanding of gender scripts. Cognitive Development 6: 412-417.
    • (1991) Cognitive Development , vol.6 , pp. 412-417
    • Boston, M.B.1    Levy, G.D.2
  • 5
    • 0011134253 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in adults' gifts and children's toy requests at Christmas
    • Bradbard M. 1985. Sex differences in adults' gifts and children's toy requests at Christmas. Psychological Reports 56: 969-970.
    • (1985) Psychological Reports , vol.56 , pp. 969-970
    • Bradbard, M.1
  • 6
    • 0000785062 scopus 로고
    • The effects of sex-typed labelling on preschool children's information seeking and retention
    • Bradbard MR, Endsley RC. 1983. The effects of sex-typed labelling on preschool children's information seeking and retention. Sex Roles 9: 247-260.
    • (1983) Sex Roles , vol.9 , pp. 247-260
    • Bradbard, M.R.1    Endsley, R.C.2
  • 7
    • 0000446724 scopus 로고
    • Influence of sex stereotypes on children's exploration and memory: A competence versus performance distinction
    • Bradbard MR, Martin CL, Endsley RC, Halverson CF. 1986. Influence of sex stereotypes on children's exploration and memory: a competence versus performance distinction. Developmental Psychology 22: 481-486.
    • (1986) Developmental Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 481-486
    • Bradbard, M.R.1    Martin, C.L.2    Endsley, R.C.3    Halverson, C.F.4
  • 8
    • 0033477401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender stereotyping of children's toys: A comparison of parents and nonparents
    • Campenni CE. 1999. Gender stereotyping of children's toys: a comparison of parents and nonparents. Sex Roles 40: 121-138.
    • (1999) Sex Roles , vol.40 , pp. 121-138
    • Campenni, C.E.1
  • 9
    • 0001326248 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive aspects of early sex-role development: The influence of gender schemas on preschoolers' memories and preferences for sex-typed toys and activities
    • Carter DB, Levy GD. 1988. Cognitive aspects of early sex-role development: the influence of gender schemas on preschoolers' memories and preferences for sex-typed toys and activities. Child Development 59: 782-792.
    • (1988) Child Development , vol.59 , pp. 782-792
    • Carter, D.B.1    Levy, G.D.2
  • 10
    • 0003377735 scopus 로고
    • Peers and the maintenance of sex-typed behaviour: The development of children's conceptions of cross-gender behaviour in their peers
    • Carter DB, McCloskey LA. 1984. Peers and the maintenance of sex-typed behaviour: the development of children's conceptions of cross-gender behaviour in their peers. Social Cognition 2: 294-314.
    • (1984) Social Cognition , vol.2 , pp. 294-314
    • Carter, D.B.1    McCloskey, L.A.2
  • 11
    • 0033111969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender-linked differences in the incidental memory of children and adults
    • Cherney ID, Ryalls BO. 1999. Gender-linked differences in the incidental memory of children and adults. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 72: 305-328.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 305-328
    • Cherney, I.D.1    Ryalls, B.O.2
  • 13
    • 0344630186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of stereotyped toys and gender on play-based assessment in 18-48 months old children
    • Cherney ID, Kelly Vance L, Glover KG, Ruane A, Ryalls BO. 2003. The effects of stereotyped toys and gender on play-based assessment in 18-48 months old children. Educational Psychology 23: 95-106.
    • (2003) Educational Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 95-106
    • Cherney, I.D.1    Kelly Vance, L.2    Glover, K.G.3    Ruane, A.4    Ryalls, B.O.5
  • 15
    • 0003140847 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge structures and memory development
    • Siegler RS (ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Hillsdale, NJ
    • Chi MTH. 1978. Knowledge structures and memory development. In Children's Thinking: What Develops? Siegler RS (ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Hillsdale, NJ; 73-96.
    • (1978) Children's Thinking: What Develops? , pp. 73-96
    • Chi, M.T.H.1
  • 16
    • 25144451557 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components
    • Devine PG. 1989. Stereotypes and prejudice: their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56(1): 5-18.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-18
    • Devine, P.G.1
  • 17
    • 0022743902 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in human motor activity level
    • Eaton WC, Enns LR. 1986. Sex differences in human motor activity level. Psychological Bulletin 100: 19-28.
    • (1986) Psychological Bulletin , vol.100 , pp. 19-28
    • Eaton, W.C.1    Enns, L.R.2
  • 18
    • 0000345496 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of sex-typed preferences in preschool-aged children
    • Edelbrock C, Sugawara AI. 1978. Acquisition of sex-typed preferences in preschool-aged children. Developmental Psychology 14: 614-623.
    • (1978) Developmental Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 614-623
    • Edelbrock, C.1    Sugawara, A.I.2
  • 19
    • 0001839954 scopus 로고
    • Children's reasoning regarding sex-typed toy choices
    • Eisenberg N, Murray E, Hite T. 1982. Children's reasoning regarding sex-typed toy choices. Child Development 53: 81-86.
    • (1982) Child Development , vol.53 , pp. 81-86
    • Eisenberg, N.1    Murray, E.2    Hite, T.3
  • 20
    • 0000941005 scopus 로고
    • Home, school, and playroom: Training grounds for adult gender roles
    • Etaugh C, Liss MB. 1992. Home, school, and playroom: training grounds for adult gender roles. Sex Roles 26: 129-147.
    • (1992) Sex Roles , vol.26 , pp. 129-147
    • Etaugh, C.1    Liss, M.B.2
  • 21
    • 0024687328 scopus 로고
    • The young child's gender schema: Environmental input, internal organization
    • Fagot BI, Leinbach MD. 1989. The young child's gender schema: environmental input, internal organization. Child Development 60: 663-672.
    • (1989) Child Development , vol.60 , pp. 663-672
    • Fagot, B.I.1    Leinbach, M.D.2
  • 22
    • 21144474977 scopus 로고
    • Gender-role development in young children: From discrimination to labelling
    • Fagot BI, Leinbach MD. 1993. Gender-role development in young children: from discrimination to labelling. Developmental Review 13: 205-224.
    • (1993) Developmental Review , vol.13 , pp. 205-224
    • Fagot, B.I.1    Leinbach, M.D.2
  • 23
    • 0002155306 scopus 로고
    • Adult sex typing of children's toys
    • Fisher-Thompson D. 1990. Adult sex typing of children's toys. Sex Roles 23: 291-303.
    • (1990) Sex Roles , vol.23 , pp. 291-303
    • Fisher-Thompson, D.1
  • 24
    • 0002654917 scopus 로고
    • Social cognition
    • Tesser A (ed.). McGraw-Hill: New York
    • Fiske ST. 1995. Social cognition. In Advanced Social Psychology, Tesser A (ed.). McGraw-Hill: New York; 149-193.
    • (1995) Advanced Social Psychology , pp. 149-193
    • Fiske, S.T.1
  • 26
    • 0030503487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's perceptions of gender differences in social approval for playing electronic games
    • Funk JB, Buchman DD. 1996. Children's perceptions of gender differences in social approval for playing electronic games. Sex Roles 35: 219-231.
    • (1996) Sex Roles , vol.35 , pp. 219-231
    • Funk, J.B.1    Buchman, D.D.2
  • 27
    • 58149205679 scopus 로고
    • The trouble of thinking: Activation and application of Stereotypic beliefs
    • Gilbert DT, Hixon JG. 1991. The trouble of thinking: activation and application of Stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60(4): 509-517.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 509-517
    • Gilbert, D.T.1    Hixon, J.G.2
  • 28
    • 0001472006 scopus 로고
    • Preschool period development of implicit and explicit remembering
    • Greenbaum JL, Graf P. 1989. Preschool period development of implicit and explicit remembering. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 27(5): 417-420.
    • (1989) Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 417-420
    • Greenbaum, J.L.1    Graf, P.2
  • 31
    • 0014128285 scopus 로고
    • The effect of distraction on selective attention
    • Hagen JW. 1967. The effect of distraction on selective attention. Child Development 38: 685-694.
    • (1967) Child Development , vol.38 , pp. 685-694
    • Hagen, J.W.1
  • 32
    • 0015704429 scopus 로고
    • Developmental trends in children's incidental learning: Some critical stimulus differences
    • Hale GA, Piper RA. 1973. Developmental trends in children's incidental learning: some critical stimulus differences. Developmental Psychology 8: 327-335.
    • (1973) Developmental Psychology , vol.8 , pp. 327-335
    • Hale, G.A.1    Piper, R.A.2
  • 33
    • 0346699512 scopus 로고
    • Effect of pictorial integration on children's incidental learning
    • Hale GA, Piper RA. 1974. Effect of pictorial integration on children's incidental learning. Developmental Psychology 6: 847-851.
    • (1974) Developmental Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 847-851
    • Hale, G.A.1    Piper, R.A.2
  • 37
    • 0002396461 scopus 로고
    • Developmental and individual differences in preschoolers' recognition memories: The influences of gender schematization and verbal labelling of information
    • Levy GD. 1989. Developmental and individual differences in preschoolers' recognition memories: the influences of gender schematization and verbal labelling of information. Sex Roles 21: 305-324.
    • (1989) Sex Roles , vol.21 , pp. 305-324
    • Levy, G.D.1
  • 38
    • 21844513885 scopus 로고
    • Recall of related and unrelated gender-typed item pairs by young children
    • Levy GD. 1995. Recall of related and unrelated gender-typed item pairs by young children. Sex Roles 32: 393-406.
    • (1995) Sex Roles , vol.32 , pp. 393-406
    • Levy, G.D.1
  • 39
    • 0041524844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The developmental course of gender differentiation: Conceputalizing, measuring, and evaluating constructs and pathways
    • Liben LS, Bigler RS. 2002. The developmental course of gender differentiation: conceputalizing, measuring, and evaluating constructs and pathways. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 67(2): 269.
    • (2002) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 269
    • Liben, L.S.1    Bigler, R.S.2
  • 40
    • 0002176507 scopus 로고
    • Gender-related schemata and constructive memory in children
    • Liben LS, Signorella ML. 1980. Gender-related schemata and constructive memory in children. Child Development 51: 11-18.
    • (1980) Child Development , vol.51 , pp. 11-18
    • Liben, L.S.1    Signorella, M.L.2
  • 41
    • 21144482522 scopus 로고
    • Gender-schematic processing in children: The role of initial interpretations of stimuli
    • Liben LS, Signorella ML. 1993. Gender-schematic processing in children: the role of initial interpretations of stimuli. Developmental Psychology 29: 141-149.
    • (1993) Developmental Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 141-149
    • Liben, L.S.1    Signorella, M.L.2
  • 42
    • 0001160411 scopus 로고
    • Women, girls, and computers: A first look at the evidence
    • Lockheed ME. 1985. Women, girls, and computers: a first look at the evidence. Sex Roles 13: 115-122.
    • (1985) Sex Roles , vol.13 , pp. 115-122
    • Lockheed, M.E.1
  • 43
    • 0346840063 scopus 로고
    • Effects of distraction upon central versus incidental recall. Developmental trends
    • Maccoby EE, Hagen JW. 1965. Effects of distraction upon central versus incidental recall. Developmental trends. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2: 280-289.
    • (1965) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 280-289
    • Maccoby, E.E.1    Hagen, J.W.2
  • 44
    • 0026280309 scopus 로고
    • The role of cognition in understanding gender effects
    • Hayne WR (ed.). Academic Press: 20 Orlando, FL
    • Martin CL. 1991. The role of cognition in understanding gender effects. In Advances in Child Development and Behaviour, Hayne WR (ed.). Academic Press: 20 Orlando, FL; 239-287.
    • (1991) Advances in Child Development and Behaviour , pp. 239-287
    • Martin, C.L.1
  • 45
    • 43949170634 scopus 로고
    • New directions for investigating children's gender knowledge
    • Martin CL. 1993. New directions for investigating children's gender knowledge. Developmental Review 13: 184-204.
    • (1993) Developmental Review , vol.13 , pp. 184-204
    • Martin, C.L.1
  • 46
    • 0039632110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's gender cognitions, the social environment, and sex differences in cognitive domains
    • McGillicuddy-DeLisi A, De-Lisi R (eds). Ablex Publishing: Westport, CT
    • Martin CL, Dinella LM. 2002. Children's gender cognitions, the social environment, and sex differences in cognitive domains. In Biology, Society, and Behaviour: The Development of Sex Differences in Cognition, McGillicuddy-DeLisi A, De-Lisi R (eds). Ablex Publishing: Westport, CT; 207-239.
    • (2002) Biology, Society, and Behaviour: The Development of Sex Differences in Cognition , pp. 207-239
    • Martin, C.L.1    Dinella, L.M.2
  • 47
    • 0001169387 scopus 로고
    • A schematic processing model of sex-typing and stereotyping in children
    • Martin CL, Halverson CF. 1981. A schematic processing model of sex-typing and stereotyping in children. Child Development 52: 1119-1134.
    • (1981) Child Development , vol.52 , pp. 1119-1134
    • Martin, C.L.1    Halverson, C.F.2
  • 49
    • 0029340352 scopus 로고
    • Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory
    • McCelland JL, McNaughton BL, O'Reilly C. 1995. Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychological Review 102: 419-437.
    • (1995) Psychological Review , vol.102 , pp. 419-437
    • McCelland, J.L.1    McNaughton, B.L.2    O'Reilly, C.3
  • 50
    • 0011358373 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in memory for faces
    • McKelvie SJ. 1981. Sex differences in memory for faces. Journal of Psychology 107: 109-125.
    • (1981) Journal of Psychology , vol.107 , pp. 109-125
    • McKelvie, S.J.1
  • 51
    • 80053086058 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in recognition memory for faces and cars: Evidence for the interest hypothesis
    • McKelvie SJ, Standing L, St. Jean D, Law J. 1993. Gender differences in recognition memory for faces and cars: evidence for the interest hypothesis. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 31: 447-448.
    • (1993) Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , vol.31 , pp. 447-448
    • McKelvie, S.J.1    Standing, L.2    St. Jean, D.3    Law, J.4
  • 52
    • 0002157879 scopus 로고
    • Qualitative differences among gender-stereotyped toys: Implications for cognitive and social development in girls and boys
    • Miller CL. 1987. Qualitative differences among gender-stereotyped toys: Implications for cognitive and social development in girls and boys. Sex Roles 16: 473-487.
    • (1987) Sex Roles , vol.16 , pp. 473-487
    • Miller, C.L.1
  • 53
    • 0000439289 scopus 로고
    • Repetition priming in children and adults: Age-related dissociation between implicit and explicit memory
    • Naito M. 1990. Repetition priming in children and adults: Age-related dissociation between implicit and explicit memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 50: 462-484.
    • (1990) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 462-484
    • Naito, M.1
  • 54
    • 0025503702 scopus 로고
    • Intentional and unintentional memory in young children: Remembering vs playing
    • Newman LS. 1990. Intentional and unintentional memory in young children: remembering vs playing. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 50: 243-258.
    • (1990) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 243-258
    • Newman, L.S.1
  • 57
    • 0024953830 scopus 로고
    • The life space and socialization of the self: Sex differences in the young adolescents
    • Richards MH, Larson R. 1989. The life space and socialization of the self: sex differences in the young adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 18: 617-626.
    • (1989) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.18 , pp. 617-626
    • Richards, M.H.1    Larson, R.2
  • 58
    • 0040719831 scopus 로고
    • The gender-stereotyped nature of Christmas toys received by 36-, 48-, and 60-month-old children: A comparison between nonrequested vs requested toys
    • Robinson CC, Morris JT. 1986. The gender-stereotyped nature of Christmas toys received by 36-, 48-, and 60-month-old children: a comparison between nonrequested vs requested toys. Sex Roles 15: 21-32.
    • (1986) Sex Roles , vol.15 , pp. 21-32
    • Robinson, C.C.1    Morris, J.T.2
  • 61
    • 0000806958 scopus 로고
    • Stalking the elusive schema: Insights from developmental and social-psychological analyses of gender schemas
    • Ruble DN, Stangor C. 1986. Stalking the elusive schema: insights from developmental and social-psychological analyses of gender schemas. Social Cognition 4: 227-261.
    • (1986) Social Cognition , vol.4 , pp. 227-261
    • Ruble, D.N.1    Stangor, C.2
  • 64
    • 0039235784 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of parental expectations and preschool children's verbal sex typing to their sex-typed toy play behaviour
    • Schau CG, Kahn L, Diepold JH, Cherry F. 1980. The relationship of parental expectations and preschool children's verbal sex typing to their sex-typed toy play behaviour. Child Development 51: 266-270.
    • (1980) Child Development , vol.51 , pp. 266-270
    • Schau, C.G.1    Kahn, L.2    Diepold, J.H.3    Cherry, F.4
  • 65
    • 0000680378 scopus 로고
    • Impact of gender characteristics of instructional materials: An integration of the research literature
    • Schau CG, Scott KP. 1984. Impact of gender characteristics of instructional materials: an integration of the research literature. Journal of Experimental Psychology 76: 183-193.
    • (1984) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 183-193
    • Schau, C.G.1    Scott, K.P.2
  • 67
    • 0346384291 scopus 로고
    • Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search and attention
    • Schneider W, Shiffrin RM. 1977. Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search and attention. Psychological Review 84: 1-66.
    • (1977) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 1-66
    • Schneider, W.1    Shiffrin, R.M.2
  • 68
    • 0002249232 scopus 로고
    • The development of automatism
    • Anderson JR (ed.). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ
    • Shiffrin RM, Dumais ST. 1981. The development of automatism. In Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition, Anderson JR (ed.). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ; 111-140.
    • (1981) Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition , pp. 111-140
    • Shiffrin, R.M.1    Dumais, S.T.2
  • 69
    • 58149406088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled and automatic human information processing: Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory
    • Shiffrin RM, Schneider W. 1997. Controlled and automatic human information processing: Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review 84: 127-190.
    • (1997) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 127-190
    • Shiffrin, R.M.1    Schneider, W.2
  • 71
    • 43949169109 scopus 로고
    • Developmental differences in children's gender schemata about others: A meta-analytic review
    • Signorella ML, Bigler RS, Liben LS. 1993. Developmental differences in children's gender schemata about others: a meta-analytic review. Developmental Review 13: 147-183.
    • (1993) Developmental Review , vol.13 , pp. 147-183
    • Signorella, M.L.1    Bigler, R.S.2    Liben, L.S.3
  • 73
    • 0010174923 scopus 로고
    • Recall and reconstruction of gender-related pictures: Effects of attitudes, task difficulty, and age
    • Signorella ML, Liben LS. 1984. Recall and reconstruction of gender-related pictures: effects of attitudes, task difficulty, and age. Child Development 55: 393-405.
    • (1984) Child Development , vol.55 , pp. 393-405
    • Signorella, M.L.1    Liben, L.S.2
  • 74
    • 0346068725 scopus 로고
    • Involuntary memory and the development of retrieval skills in young children
    • Sophian C, Hagen JW. 1978. Involuntary memory and the development of retrieval skills in young children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 26: 458-471.
    • (1978) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 458-471
    • Sophian, C.1    Hagen, J.W.2
  • 75
    • 0002473502 scopus 로고
    • Development of gender role knowledge and gender constancy
    • Liben LS, Signorella ML (eds), Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, CA
    • Stangor C, Ruble DN. 1987. Development of gender role knowledge and gender constancy. In Children's Gender Schemata, Liben LS, Signorella ML (eds), Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, CA.
    • (1987) Children's Gender Schemata
    • Stangor, C.1    Ruble, D.N.2
  • 76
    • 0002098329 scopus 로고
    • How children use time
    • Juster JT, Stafford FP (eds), Institute for Social Research: Ann Arbor
    • Timmer SG, Eccles J, O'Brien K. 1985. How children use time. In Time, Goods, and Wellbeing, Juster JT, Stafford FP (eds), Institute for Social Research: Ann Arbor; 353-382.
    • (1985) Time, Goods, and Wellbeing , pp. 353-382
    • Timmer, S.G.1    Eccles, J.2    O'Brien, K.3
  • 77
    • 0030163480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender-schema development and children's constructive story memory: Evidence for a developmental model
    • Welch-Ross MK, Schmidt CR. 1996. Gender-schema development and children's constructive story memory: evidence for a developmental model. Child Development 67: 820-835.
    • (1996) Child Development , vol.67 , pp. 820-835
    • Welch-Ross, M.K.1    Schmidt, C.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.