Chinese medicines as a resource for liver fibrosis treatment

Chinese Medicine

Volumn 4, Issue , 2009, Pages

  Feng, Yibin ^a   Cheung, Kwok Fan ^b   Wang, Ning ^a   Liu, Ping ^c   Nagamatsu, Tadashi ^d   Tong, Yao ^a  

^a THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^c SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE   (China)

^d MEIJO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ARTEMISININ; ARTESUNATE; AUCUBIN; BUZHONG YIQI TANG; CHINESE DRUG; CURCUMIN; DANSHEN TAOXIONG TANG; EMODIN; GAMMA INTERFERON; GANODERMA LUCIDUM EXTRACT; GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT; GLYCYRRHIZIC ACID; LAMIVUDINE; MATRINE; OXYMATRINE; PANAX NOTOGINSENG EXTRACT; POLYSACCHARIDE; RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE; RENSHEN YANGRONG TANG; SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA EXTRACT; SAPONIN; SOLANUM NIGRUM EXTRACT; TAURINE; TETRAMETHYLPYRAZINE; TETRANDRINE; TIOPRONIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; XIAO CHAIHU TANG; YINCHENHAO TANG;

ARTICLE; BILIARY CIRRHOSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLLAGEN METABOLISM; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; HEPATITIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA; LIVER FIBROSIS; LIVER TOXICITY; LIVER VENOOCCLUSIVE DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; STELLATE CELL; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 77955773072     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17498546     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-4-16     Document Type: Article

References (133)

1. Yuen MF, Lai CL. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000, 15(Suppl):E20-4. 10921377, 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02123.x.
2. Seeff LB, Hoofnagle JH. The national institutes of health consensus development conference management of hepatitis C 2002. Clin Liver Dis 2003, 7:261-87. 12691470, 10.1016/S1089-3261(02)00078-8.
3. Koike K. Antiviral treatment of hepatitis C: present status and future prospects. J Infect Chemother 2006, 12:227-32. 17109084, 10.1007/s10156-006-0460-0.
4. Tsukamoto H, Lu SC. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. FASEB J 2001, 15:1335-49. 11387231, 10.1096/fj.00-0650rev.
5. Heidelbaugh JJ, Bruderly M. Cirrhosis and chronic liver failure: part I. Diagnosis and evaluation. Am Fam Physician 2006, 74:756-62.
6. Perz JF, Armstrong GL, Farrington LA, Hutin YJ, Bell BP. The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide. J Hepatol 2006, 45:529-38. 16879891, 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.05.013.
7. Wells RG. The role of matrix stiffness in hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005, 39:158-61.
8. Friedman SL. Liver fibrosis-from bench to bedside. J Hepatol 2003, 38(Suppl 1):38-53.
9. Friedman SL. Reversibility of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis-is it all hype?. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007, 4(5):236-7. 17476207, 10.1038/ncpgasthep0813.
10. Schuppan D, Jia JD, Brinkhaus B, Hahn EG. Herbal products for liver diseases: a therapeutic challenge for the new millennium. Hepatolog 1999, 30(4):1099-104.
11. Shimizu I. Antifibrogenic therapies in chronic HCV infection. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2001, 1(2):227-40.
12. Seeff LB, Lindsay KL, Bacon BR, Kresina TF, Hoofnagle JH. Complementary and alternative medicine in chronic liver disease. Hepatology 2001, 34(3):595-603. 11526548, 10.1053/jhep.2001.27445.
13. Xie HM, Hu YY, Gu HT, Nagano Y, Ji G, Liu P. Study of Salviae miltiorrhizae on liver fibrosis in rats induced by CCl4 and DMN. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Ganbing Zazh 1999, 9:16-8.
14. Liu P, Hu YY, Liu C, Zhu DY, Xue HM, Xu ZQ, Xu LM, Liu CH, Gu HT, Zhang ZQ. Clinical observation of salvianolic acid B in treatment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2002, 8:679-85.
15. Lee TY, Wang GJ, Chiu JH, Lin HC. Long-term administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2003, 55:1561-8. 14713368, 10.1211/0022357022098.
16. Wang H, Chen XP, Qiu FZ. Salviae miltiorrhizae ameliorates cirrhosis and portal hypertension by inhibiting nitric oxide in cirrhotic rats. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2003, 2:391-6.
17. Zhao JF, Liu CH, Hu YY, Xu LM, Liu P, Liu C. Effect of salvianolic acid B on Smad3 expression in hepatic stellate cells. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2004, 3:102-5.
18. Lee TY, Chang HH, Wang GJ, Chiu JH, Yang YY, Lin HC. Water-soluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-mediated hepatic apoptosis in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006, 58:659-65. 16640835, 10.1211/jpp.58.5.0011.
19. Yamamura Y, Kotaki H, Tanaka N, Aikawa T, Sawada Y, Iga T. The pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizin and its restorative effect on hepatic function in patients with chronic hepatitis and in chronically carbon-tetrachloride-intoxicated rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1997, 18:717-25. 9373728, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-081X(199711)18:8<717::AID-BDD54>3.0.CO;2-U.
20. Wang JY, Guo JS, Li H, Liu SL, Zern MA. Inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on NF-kappaB binding activity in CCl4- plus ethanol-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Liver 1998, 18:180-5.
21. Iino S, Tango T, Matsushima T, Toda G, Miyake K, Hino K, Kumada H, Yasuda K, Kuroki T, Hirayama C, Suzuki H. Therapeutic effects of stronger neo-minophagen C at different doses on chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2001, 19:31-40. 11137478, 10.1016/S1386-6346(00)00079-6.
22. Cai Y, Shen SZ, Wang JY. Effects of glycyrrhizin on genes expression during the process of liver fibrosis. Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi 2003, 83:1122-5.
23. Rossum Van TGJ, Vulto AG, Hop WC, Brouwer JT, Niesters HG, Schalm SW. Intravenous glycyrrhizin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled phase I/II trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999, 14:1093-9. 10574137, 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.02008.x.
24. Veldt BJ, Hansen BE, Ikeda K, Verhey E, Suzuki H, Schalm SW. Long-term clinical outcome and effect of glycyrrhizin in 1093 chronic hepatitis C patients with non-response or relapse to interferon. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006, 41:1087-94. 16938723, 10.1080/00365520600641365.
25. Ikeda K, Arase Y, Kobayashi M, Saitoh S, Someya T, Hosaka T, Sezaki H, Akuta N, Suzuki Y, Suzuki F, Kumada H. A long-term glycyrrhizin injection therapy reduces hepatocellular carcinogenesis rate in patients with interferon-resistant active chronic hepatitis C: a cohort study of 1249 patients. Dig Dis Sci 2006, 51:603-9. 16614974, 10.1007/s10620-006-3177-0.
26. Rino Y, Tarao K, Morinaga S, Ohkawa S, Miyakawa K, Hirokawa S, Masaki T, Tarao N, Yukawa N, Saeki H, Takanashi Y, Imada T. Reduction therapy of alanine aminotransferase levels prevent HCC development in patients with HCV-associated cirrhosis. Anticancer Res 2006, 26(3B):2221-6.
27. Wang ZR, Chen XM, Li DG. Tetrandrine inhibits expressions of c-fos and c-jun mRNA in fibrosis liver of rats. Shanghai Yixue 2003, 26:332-4.
28. Wang H, Chen XP, Qiu FZ. Tetrandrine increased hepatic expression of nitric oxide synthase type II in cirrhotic rats. World J Gastroenterol 2004, 10:1923-7.
29. Zhao YZ, Kim JY, Park EJ, Lee SH, Woo SW, Ko G, Sohn DH. Tetrandrine induces apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells. Phytother Res 2004, 18:306-9. 15162366, 10.1002/ptr.1435.
30. Chen YW, Li DG, Wu JX, Chen YW, Lu HM. Tetrandrine inhibits activation of rat hepatic stellate cells stimulated by transforming growth factor-beta in vitro via up-regulation of Smad 7. J Ethnopharmacol 2005, 100:299-305. 15905052, 10.1016/j.jep.2005.03.027.
31. Hsu YC, Chiu YT, Lee CY, Wu CF, Huang YT. Anti-fibrotic effects of tetrandrine on bile-duct ligated rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2006, 84:967-76. 17218962, 10.1139/Y06-050.
32. Hsu YC, Chiu YT, Cheng CC, Wu CF, Lin YL, Huang YT. Antifibrotic effects of tetrandrine on hepatic stellate cells and rats with liver fibrosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007, 22:99-111. 17201889, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04361.x.
33. Zhang JP, Zhang M, Zhou JP, Liu FT, Zhou B, Xie WF, Guo C. Antifibrotic effects of matrine on in vitro and in vivo models of liver fibrosis in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001, 22:183-6.
34. Chen YX, Mao BY, Jiang JH. Relationship between serum load of HBV-DNA and therapeutic effect of oxymatrine in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2002, 22:335-6.
35. Mao YM, Zeng MD, Lu LG. Capsule oxymatrine in treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to chronic viral hepatitis: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical study. World J Gastroenterol 2004, 10:3269-73.
36. Kato J, Ido A, Hasuike S, Uto H, Hori T, Hayashi K, Murakami S, Terano A, Tsubouchi H. Transforming growth factor-beta-induced stimulation of formation of collagen fiber network and anti-fibrotic effect of taurine in an in vitro model of hepatic fibrosis. Hepatol Res 2004, 30:34-41. 15341772, 10.1016/j.hepres.2004.04.006.
37. Miyazaki T, Karube M, Matsuzaki Y, Ikegami T, Doy M, Tanaka N, Bouscarel B. Taurine inhibits oxidative damage and prevents fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. J Hepatol 2005, 43:117-25. 15893842, 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.01.033.
38. Chen ZZ, Wang H. Inhibitory Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on experimental hepatic fibrosis in rats. Zhong Xiyi Jiehe Ganbing Zazhi 1997, 7:156-8.
39. Tan LX, Li XS, Liu ZQ, Liu LY. Effects of combination therapy of rehin and tetramethylpyrazine on experimental hepatic fibrosis induced by tetrachloride. Zhonghua Ganzangbing Zazhi 2004, 12:692-3.
40. Zhan Y, Li D, Wei H, Wang Z, Huang X, Xu Q, Lu H. Emodin on hepatic fibrosis in rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2000, 113:599-601.
41. Zhan YT, Liu B, Li DG, Bi CS. Mechanism of emodin for anti-fibrosis of liver. Zhonghua Ganzangbing Zazhi 2004, 12:245-6.
42. Yang W, Chen H, Jiang Y. Inhibitive effect of curcumin and amiloride on the fibrosis of rat hepatic stellate cells induced by oxidative stress. Zhongyaocai 2003, 26:795-8.
43. Zheng S, Chen A. Activation of PPARgamma is required for curcumin to induce apoptosis and to inhibit the expression of extracellular matrix genes in hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Biochem J 2004, 384:149-57. 15320868, 10.1042/BJ20040928, 1134098.
44. Lin CF, Wong KL, Wu RS, Huang TC, Liu CF. Protection by hot water extract of Panax notoginseng on chronic ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Phytother Res 2003, 17:1119-22. 14595601, 10.1002/ptr.1329.
45. Shii XF, Liu Q, Liu L, Xu M. Effect of total saponin of Panax Notoginseng on liver fibrosis in rats. Zhongyao Yaoli yu Linchuang 2004, 20:12-4.
46. Park WH, Lee SK, Kim CH. A Korean herbal medicine, Panax notoginseng, prevents liver fibrosis and hepatic microvascular dysfunction in rats. Life Sci 2005, 76(15):1675-90. 15698847, 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.030.
47. Gong HY, Wang KQ, Tang SG. Effects of cordyceps sinensis on T lymphocyte subsets and hepatofibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hunan Yike Daxue Xuebao 2000, 25:248-50.
48. Liu YK, Shen W. Inhibitive effect of cordyceps sinensis on experimental hepatic fibrosis and its possible mechanism. World J Gastroenterol 2003, 9:529-33.
49. Ding J, Yu J, Wang C, Hu W, Li D, Luo Y, Luo H, Yu H. Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. Liver International 2005, 25:1224-32. 16343076, 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.01169.x.
50. Liu SQ, Yu JP, Chen HL, Luo HS, Chen SM, Yu HG. Therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba extract on liver fibrosis in rats. Am J Chin Med 2006, 34:99-114. 16437743, 10.1142/S0192415X06003679.
51. Romero MR, Efferth T, Serrano MA, Castano B, Macias RI, Briz O, Marin JJ. Effect of artemisinin/artesunate as inhibitors of hepatitis B virus production in an "in vitro" replicative system. Antiviral Res 2005, 68:75-83. 16122816, 10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.07.005.
52. Gilani AH, Janbaz KH. Preventive and curative effects of berberis aristata fruit extract on paracetamol- and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Phytotherapy Res 1995, 9:489-94.
53. Janbaz KH, Gilani AH. Studies on preventive and curative effects of berberine on chemical-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents. Fitoterapia 2000, 71:25-33. 11449466, 10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00098-2.
54. Hwang JM, Wang CJ, Chou FP, Tseng TH, Hsieh YS, Lin WL, Chu CY. Inhibitory effect of berberine on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage in rat liver. Arch Toxicol 2002, 76:664-70. 12415430, 10.1007/s00204-002-0351-9.
55. Yokozawa T, Ishida A, Kashiwada Y, Cho E, Kim H, Ikeshiro Y. Coptidis Rhizoma: protective effects against peroxynitrite-induced oxidative damage and elucidation of its active components. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004, 56:547-56. 15099450, 10.1211/0022357023024.
56. Hsiang CY, Wu SL, Cheng SE, Ho TY. Acetaldehyde-induced interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production is inhibited by berberine through nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. J Biomed Sci 2005, 12:791-801. 16132116, 10.1007/s11373-005-9003-4.
57. Zhang BJ, Xu D, Guo Y, Ping J, Chen LB, Wang H. Protection by and anti-oxidant mechanism of berberine against rat liver fibrosis induced by multiple hepatotoxic factors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008, 35(3):303-9. 17973934, 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04819.x.
58. Watanabe A, Obata T, Nagashima H. Berberine therapy of hypertyraminemia in patients with liver cirrhosis. Acta Med Okayama 1982, 36(4):277-81.
59. Anis KV, Rajeshkumar NV, Kuttan R. Inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis by berberine in rats and mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001, 53:763-8. 11370717, 10.1211/0022357011775901.
60. Peng PL, Hsieh YS, Wang CJ, Hsu JL, Chou FP. Inhibitory effect of berberine on the invasion of human lung cancer cells via decreased productions of urokinase-plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006, 214:8-15. 16387334, 10.1016/j.taap.2005.11.010.
61. Kuo CL, Chi CW, Liu TY. The anti-inflammatory potential of berberine in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2004, 203:127-37. 14732220, 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.09.002.
62. Tan Y, Goh D, Ong ES. Investigation of differentially expressed proteins due to the inhibitory effects of berberine in human liver cancer cell line HepG2. Mol Biosyst 2006, 2:250-8. 16880943, 10.1039/b517116d.
63. Chang IM. Liver-protective activities of aucubin derived from traditional oriental medicine. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 1998, 102:189-204.
64. Park KS, Chang IM. Anti-inflammatory activity of aucubin by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in RAW 264.7 cells. Planta Med 2004, 70:778-9. 15326552, 10.1055/s-2004-827211.
65. Park EJ, Ko G, Kim J, Sohn DH. Antifibrotic effects of a polysaccharide extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, glycyrrhizin, and pentoxifylline in rats with cirrhosis induced by biliary obstruction. Biol Pharm Bull 1997, 20:417-20.
66. Wang GJ, Huang YJ, Chen DH, Lin YL. Ganoderma lucidum extract attenuates the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells by blocking the PDGF receptor. Phytother Res 2008, 23:833-9.
67. Chen MH, Chen SH, Wang QF, Chen JC, Chang DC, Hsu SL, Chen CH, Sheue CR, Liu YW. The molecular mechanism of gypenosides-induced G1 growth arrest of rat hepatic stellate cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2008, 117:309-17. 18372131, 10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.009.
68. Lin HM, Tseng HC, Wang CJ, Lin JJ, Lo CW, Chou FP. Hepatoprotective effects of Solanum nigrum Linn extract against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2008, 171:283-93. 18045581, 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.08.008.
69. Kobayashi H, Horikoshi K, Yamataka A, Lane GJ, Yamamoto M, Miyano T. Beneficial effect of a traditional herbal medicine (inchin-ko-to) in postoperative biliary atresia patients. Pediatr Surg Int 2001, 17:386-9. 11527172, 10.1007/s003830000561.
70. Sakaida I, Tsuchiya M, Kawaguchi K, Kimura T, Terai S, Okita K. Herbal medicine Inchin-ko-to (TJ-135) prevents liver fibrosis and enzyme-altered lesions in rat liver cirrhosis induced by a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet. J Hepatol 2003, 38:762-9. 12763369, 10.1016/S0168-8278(03)00094-1.
71. Imanishi Y, Maeda N, Otogawa K, Seki S, Matsui H, Kawada N, Arakawa T. Herb medicine Inchin-ko-to (TJ-135) regulates PDGF-BB-dependent signaling pathways of hepatic stellate cells in primary culture and attenuates development of liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide administration in rats. J Hepatol 2004, 41:242-50. 15288473, 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.04.005.
72. Inao M, Mochida S, Matsui A, Eguchi Y, Yulutuz Y, Wang Y, Naiki K, Kakinuma T, Fujimori K, Nagoshi S, Fujiwara K. Japanese herbal medicine Inchin-ko-to as a therapeutic drug for liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 2004, 41:584-91. 15464238, 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.06.033.
73. Yamamoto M, Ogawa K, Morita M, Fukuda K, Komatsu Y. The herbal medicine Inchin-ko-to inhibits liver cell apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor beta 1. Hepatology 1996, 23:552-9.
74. Yamamoto M, Miura N, Ohtake N, Amagaya S, Ishige A, Sasaki H, Komatsu Y, Fukuda K, Ito T, Terasawa K. Genipin, a metabolite derived from the herbal medicine Inchin-ko-to, and suppression of Fas-induced lethal liver apoptosis in mice. Gastroenterology 2000, 118:380-9. 10648466, 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70220-4.
75. Ikeda H, Nagashima K, Yanase M, Tomiya T, Arai M, Inoue Y, Tejima K, Nishikawa T, Watanabe N, Kitamura K, Isono T, Yahagi N, Noiri E, Inao M, Mochida S, Kume Y, Yatomi Y, Nakahara K, Omata M, Fujiwara K. The herbal medicine inchin-ko-to (TJ-135) induces apoptosis in cultured rat hepatic stellate cells. Life Sci 2006, 78:2226-33. 16280138, 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.024.
76. Kitano A, Saika S, Yamanaka O, Ikeda K, Reinach PS, Nakajima Y, Okada Y, Shirai K, Ohnishi Y. Genipin suppresses subconjunctival fibroblast migration, proliferation and myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Ophthalmic Res 2006, 38(6):355-60. 17047408, 10.1159/000096231.
77. Lee TY, Chang HH, Chen JH, Hsueh ML, Kuo JJ. Herb medicine Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in bile duct ligation rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007, 109:318-24. 16989967, 10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.042.
78. Lee TY, Chang HH, Kuo JJ, Shen JJ. Changes of hepatic proteome in bile duct ligated rats with hepatic fibrosis following treatment with Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang. Int J Mol Med 2009, 23:477-84.
79. Miyamura M, Ono M, Kyotani S, Nishioka Y. Effects of sho-saiko-to extract on fibrosis and regeneration of the liver in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998, 50:97-105.
80. Sakaida I, Matsumura Y, Akiyama S, Hayashi K, Ishige A, Okita K. Herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) prevents liver fibrosis and enzyme-altered lesions in rat liver cirrhosis induced by a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet. J Hepatol 1998, 28:298-306. 9514543, 10.1016/0168-8278(88)80017-5.
81. Kayano K, Sakaida I, Uchida K, Okita K. Inhibitory effects of the herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) on cell proliferation and procollagen gene expressions in cultured rat hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol 1998, 29:642-9. 9824275, 10.1016/S0168-8278(98)80161-X.
82. Yamashiki M, Nishimura A, Huang XX, Nobori T, Sakaguchi S, Suzuki H. Effects of the Japanese herbal medicine "Sho-saiko-to" (TJ-9) on interleukin-12 production in patients with HCV-positive liver cirrhosis. Dev Immunol 1999, 7:17-22. 10636475, 10.1155/1999/62564, 2276037.
83. Shimizu I, Ma YR, Mizobuchi Y, Liu F, Miura T, Nakai Y, Yasuda M, Shiba M, Horie T, Amagaya S, Kawada N, Hori H, Ito S. Effects of Sho-saiko-to, a Japanese herbal medicine, on hepatic fibrosis in rats. Hepatology 1999, 29(1):149-60. 9862861, 10.1002/hep.510290108.
84. Ono M, Miyamura M, Kyotani S, Saibara T, Ohnishi S, Nishioka Y. Effects of Sho-saiko-to extract on liver fibrosis in relation to the changes in hydroxyproline and retinoid levels of the liver in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999, 51:1079-84. 10528993, 10.1211/0022357991773429.
85. Kusunose M, Qiu B, Cui T, Hamada A, Yoshioka S, Ono M, Miyamura M, Kyotani S, Nishioka Y. Effect of Sho-saiko-to extract on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in dimethylnitrosamine induced liver injury rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2002, 25(11):1417-21. 12419951, 10.1248/bpb.25.1417.
86. Kitade Y, Watanabe S, Masaki T, Nishioka M, Nishino H. Inhibition of liver fibrosis in LEC rats by a carotenoid, lycopene, or a herbal medicine, Sho-saiko-to. Hepatol Res 2002, 22:196-205. 11882416, 10.1016/S1386-6346(01)00132-2.
87. Sakaida I, Hironaka K, Kimura T, Terai S, Yamasaki T, Okita K. Herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) increases expression matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in rat stellate cell. Life Sci 2004, 74:2251-63. 14987950, 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.059.
88. Chen MH, Chen JC, Tsai CC, Wang WC, Chang DC, Tu DG, Hsieh HY. The role of TGF-beta 1 and cytokines in the modulation of liver fibrosis by Sho-saiko-to in rat's bile duct ligated model. J Ethnopharmacol 2005, 97(1):7-13. 15652268, 10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.040.
89. Kakumu S, Yoshioka K, Wakita T, Ishikawa T. Effect of TJ-9 Sho-saiko-to (Kampo medicine) on interferon gamma and antibody production specific for hepatitis B virus antigen in patients with type B chronic hepatitis. Int Immunopharmacol 1991, 13:141-6.
90. Shimizu I. Sho-saiko-to: Japanese herbal medicine for protection against hepatic fibrosis and carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000, 15(Suppl):D84-90. 10759225, 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02138.x.
91. Abe S, Ishibshi H, Tansho S, Hanazawa R, Komatsu Y, Yamaguchi H. Protective effect of oral administration of several traditional Kampo-medicines on lethal Candida infection in immunosuppressed mice. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi 2000, 41:115-9.
92. Ochi T, Kawakita T, Nomoto K. Effects of Hochu-ekki-to and Ninjin-youei-to, traditional Japanese medicines, on porcine serum-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2004, 26:285-98. 15209364, 10.1081/IPH-120037726.
93. Cyong JC, Ki SM, Iijima K, Kobayashi T, Furuya M. Clinical and pharmacological studies on liver diseases treated with Kampo herbal medicine. Am J Chin Med 2000, 28:351-60. 11154048, 10.1142/S0192415X00000416.
94. Suzuki M, Sasaki K, Yoshizaki F, Oguchi K, Fujisawa M, Cyong JC. Anti-hepatitis C virus effect of citrus unshiu peel and its active ingredient nobiletin. Am J Chin Med 2005, 33:87-94. 15844836, 10.1142/S0192415X05002680.
95. Song SL, Gong ZJ, Zhang QR. Therapeutic effect and mechanism of traditional Chinese compound decoction of Radix Curcumae, Rhzoma Sparganii, Rhizoma Zedoariae on fibrotic liver in rats. Zhong Caoyao 2004, 35:293-6.
96. Lu ZL, Li JC, Liu JD. Experimental study of effects of TCM formulas on regulation of peritoneal lymphatic stomata and urine sodium in liver fibrosis mouse model. Zhongguo Zhongyiyao Xinxi Zazhi 2000, 7:25-6.
97. Feng Y, Nagamatu T, Suzuki Y, Kawata T, Koike T. The diuretic effects of Wakan-yaku prescription on normal rats and various pathological models. Wakan Iyakugaku Zasshi 1996, 13:484-485.
98. Feng Y, Nagamatu T, Suzuki Y, Kawata T, Feng YG, Kobayashi S, Koike T. Pharmacological studies of diuretic Wakan-yaku formulations: its application and evaluation of Pharmacological screening. Wakan Iyakugaku Zasshi 2000, 17:122-30.
99. Li CX, Li L, Lou J, Yang WX, Lei TW, Li YH, Liu J, Cheng ML, Huang LH. The protective effects of traditional Chinese medicine prescription, han-dan-gan-le, on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Am J Chin Med 1998, 26:325-32. 9862020, 10.1142/S0192415X98000361.
100. Li C, Luo J, Li L, Cheng M, Huang N, Liu J, Waalkes MP. The collagenolytic effects of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Han-Dan-Gan-Le, contribute to reversal of chemical-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Life Sci 2003, 72:1563-71. 12551745, 10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02448-7.
101. Yang Q, Xie RJ, Geng XX, Luo XH, Han B, Cheng ML. Effect of Danshao Huaxian capsule on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in fibrotic liver of rats. World J Gastroenterol 2005, 11:4953-6.
102. Cheng ML, Lu T, Yao YM, Geng XX. Danshao huaxian capsule in treatment of decompensated cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2006, 5:48-51.
103. Wang LC, Zhao LS, Tang H. Experimental study of liver fibrosis reversal effect of warming-yang compound formula ganzhifu. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2006, 26:63-7.
104. Liu C, Liu P, Liu CH, Zhu XQ, Ji G. Effects of Fuzhenghuayu decoction on collagen synthesis of cultured hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes and fibroblasts in rats. World J Gastroenterol 1998, 4:548-549.
105. Liu C, Jiang CM, Liu CH, Liu P, Hu YY. Effect of Fuzhenghuayu decoction on vascular endothelial growth factor secretion in hepatic stellate cells. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2002, 1:207-10.
106. Liu P, Hu YY, Liu C, Xu LM, Liu CH, Sun KW, Hu DC, Yin YK, Zhou XQ, Wan MB, Cai X, Zhang ZQ, Ye J, Zhou RX, He J, Tang BZ. Multicenter clinical study on Fuzhenghuayu capsule against liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2005, 11:2892-9.
107. Liu CH, Hu YY, Xu LM, Liu C, Liu P. Effect of Fuzheng Huayu formula and its actions against liver fibrosis. Chin Med 2009, 4:12. 19558726, 10.1186/1749-8546-4-12, 2720970.
108. He Q, Yang DG, Li L, Zhong BL, Zeng XM. The 24 week effectiveness of Fuzheng Huayu capsule for CHB liver fibrosis: a systematic assessment. Zhongguo Xunzheng Yixue Zazhi 2008, 8:892-7.
109. Okuno T, Arai K, Shindo M. Efficacy of interferon combined glycyrrhizin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C resistant to interferon therapy. Nippon Rinsho 1994, 52:1823-7.
110. Tsubota A, Kumada H, Arase Y, Chayama K, Saitoh S, Ikeda K, Kobayashi M, Suzuki Y, Murashima N. Combined ursodeoxycholic acid and glycyrrhizin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a randomized controlled trial in 170 patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999, 11:1077-83. 10524635, 10.1097/00042737-199910000-00002.
111. Sun WH, Song MQ, Liu ZJ. Combination therapy for hepatic fibrosis in 64 patients with hepatitis using Xiao-chai-hu-tang and Matrine injection. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Ganbing Zazhi 2003, 13:41-2.
112. Li Z, Liao HH, Wu MJ, Lin ZH. Study of combination therapy of Interferon-gamma and Xiao-chai-hu-tang for patients with liver fibrosis. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Ganbing Zazhi 2001, 11(Suppl):95.
113. Xiong F, Sun J, Xiong W. Clinical observation of combination therapy of Interferon and Xiao-chai-hu-tang for patients with liver fibrosis. Hubei Zhongyi Zazhi 2003, 25:10-11.
114. Nakagawa A, Yamaguchi T, Takao T, Amano H. Five cases of drug-induced pneumonitis due to Sho-saiko-to or interferon-alpha or both. Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1995, 33(12):1361-1366.
115. Ishizaki T, Sasaki F, Ameshima S, Shiozaki K, Takahashi H, Abe Y, Ito S, Kuriyama M, Nakai T, Kitagawa M. Pneumonitis during interferon and/or herbal drug therapy in patients with chronic active hepatitis. Eur Respir J 1996, 9:2691-6. 8980988, 10.1183/09031936.96.09122691.
116. Liu AL, Wei M, Zeng ZG, Sun JX, Yang M, Yan SY. Combination therapy of Xiao-chai-hu-tang and Tiopronin for patients with liver fibrosis. Shaanxi Zhongyi 2005, 26:873-4.
117. Chen YS. The efficacy of combining Lamivudine with Salvia miltiorrhiza on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis. Redai Yixue Zazhi 2003, 3:207-9.
118. Chen JJ, Tang BX, Wang LT, Chen XR. Clinical study on effect of bushen granule combined with marine injection in treating chronic hepatitis B of Gan-shen deficiency with damp-heat syndrome type. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2006, 26:23-7.
119. Liu X, Hu H, Yin JQ. Therapeutic strategies against TGF-beta signalling pathway in hepatic fibrosis. Liver Int 2006, 26:8-22. 16420505, 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.01192.x.
120. Choi HS, Savard CE, Choi JW, Kuver R, Lee SP. Paclitaxel interrupts TGF-beta1 signaling between gallbladder epithelial cells and myofibroblasts. J Surg Res 2007, 141:183-91. 17574589, 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.558.
121. Elsharkawy AM, Oakley F, Mann DA. The role and regulation of hepatic stellate cell apoptosis in reversal of liver fibrosis. Apoptosis 2005, 10:927-39. 16151628, 10.1007/s10495-005-1055-4.
122. Stickel F, Patsenker E, Schuppan D. Herbal hepatotoxicity. J Hepatol 2005, 43:901-10. 16171893, 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.08.002.
123. Ishii M, Miyazaki Y, Yamamoto T, Miura M, Ueno Y, Takahashi T, Toyota T. A case of drug-induced ductopenia resulting in fatal biliary cirrhosis. Liver 1993, 13:227-31.
124. Yuen MF, Tam S, Fung J, Wong DK, Wong BC, Lai CL. Traditional Chinese medicine causing hepatotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: a 1-year prospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006, 24:1179-86. 17014576, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03111.x.
125. Feng Y. Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Chinese Medicines 2009, Hong Kong: Commercial Press, .
126. Levy C, Seeff LD, Lindor KD. Use of herbal supplements for chronic liver diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004, 2:947-56. 15551246, 10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00455-0.
127. Dhiman RK, Chawla YK. Herbal medicines for liver diseases. Dig Dis Sci 2005, 50:1807-12. 16187178, 10.1007/s10620-005-2942-9.
128. Ye X, Feng Y, Tong Y, Ng KM, Tsao SW, Lau GKK, Sze C, Zhang Y, Tang J, Shen J, Kobayashi S. Hepatoprotective effects of Coptidis rhizoma aqueous extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver hepatotoxicity in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009, 124:130-6. 10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.003, 19536921.
129. Feng Y, Luo WQ, Zhu SQ. Explore new clinical application of Huanglian and corresponding compound prescriptions from their traditional use. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 2008, 33:1221-5.
130. Feng Y, Siu K, Wang N, Ng KM, Tsao SW, Nagamatsu T, Tong Y. Bear bile: dilemma of traditional medicinal use and animal protection. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2009, 5:2. 10.1186/1746-4269-5-2, 19138420, 2630947.
131. Zhao ZZ, Hu YN, Liang ZT, Yuen JPS, Jian ZH, Lueng KSY. Authentication is fundamental for standardization of Chinese Medicines. Planta Medica 2006, 72:1-10.
132. Geerts A, Rogiers V, Sho-saiko-to. the right blend of Traditional oriental medicine and liver cell biology. Hepatology 1999, 29:282-3. 9862880, 10.1002/hep.510290129.
133. Angell M, Kassirer JP. Alternative medicine-the risks of untested and unregulated remedies (Editorial). N Engl J Med 1998, 339:839-41. 9738094, 10.1056/NEJM199809173391210.