메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 54, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 91-104

Cognitive equal opportunities: How the mere presentation of renowned female and male leaders affects our implicit thinking on leadership;Kognitive gleichstellung: Wie die bloße abbildung bekannter weiblicher und männlicher führungskräfte unser implizites denken zu führung beeinflusst

Author keywords

Implicit Association Test (IAT); Implicit Leadership Theories (ILT); Leader categorization; Leader prototype; Women

Indexed keywords


EID: 77954672997     PISSN: 09324089     EISSN: 21906270     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000020     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (5)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 34250198806 scopus 로고
    • Guilford: McGraw-Hill Book Company (UK)
    • Adair, J. (1973). Action-centered leadership. Guilford: McGraw-Hill Book Company (UK).
    • (1973) Action-centered Leadership
    • Adair, J.1
  • 2
    • 0003719051 scopus 로고
    • Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company
    • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
    • (1954) The Nature of Prejudice
    • Allport, G.W.1
  • 3
    • 0031092920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender- and race-based standards of competence: Lower minimum standards but higher ability standards for devalued groups
    • Biernat, M. & Kobrynowicz, D. (1997). Gender- and race-based standards of competence: Lower minimum standards but higher ability standards for devalued groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 544-557.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 544-557
    • Biernat, M.1    Kobrynowicz, D.2
  • 4
    • 0036085865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The malleability of automatic stereotypes and prejudice
    • Blair, I. V. (2002). The malleability of automatic stereotypes and prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 242-261.
    • (2002) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.6 , pp. 242-261
    • Blair, I.V.1
  • 5
    • 85047685721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imagining stereotypes away: The moderation of implicit stereotypes through mental imagery
    • Blair, I. V., Ma, J. E. & Lenton, A. P. (2001). Imagining stereotypes away: The moderation of implicit stereotypes through mental imagery. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 828-841.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 828-841
    • Blair, I.V.1    Ma, J.E.2    Lenton, A.P.3
  • 6
    • 42149152825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Am I the right candidate? Selfascribed fit of women and men to a leadership position
    • Bosak, J. & Sczesny, S. (2008). Am I the right candidate? Selfascribed fit of women and men to a leadership position. Sex Roles, 58, 682-688.
    • (2008) Sex Roles , vol.58 , pp. 682-688
    • Bosak, J.1    Sczesny, S.2
  • 7
    • 34547400402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aus Gründen der Verständlichkeit ": Der Einfluss generisch maskuliner und alternativer Personenbezeichnungen auf die kognitive Verarbeitung von Texten
    • Braun, F., Oelkers, S., Rogalski, K., Bosak, J. & Sczesny, S. (2007). Aus Gründen der Verständlichkeit ": Der Einfluss generisch maskuliner und alternativer Personenbezeichnungen auf die kognitive Verarbeitung von Texten. Psychologische Rundschau, 58, 183-189.
    • (2007) Psychologische Rundschau , vol.58 , pp. 183-189
    • Braun, F.1    Oelkers, S.2    Rogalski, K.3    Bosak, J.4    Sczesny, S.5
  • 9
    • 10644276099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing is believing: Exposure to counterstereotypic women leaders and its effect on the malleability of automatic gender stereotyping
    • Dasgupta, N. & Asgari, S. (2004). Seeing is believing: Exposure to counterstereotypic women leaders and its effect on the malleability of automatic gender stereotyping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 642-658.
    • (2004) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 642-658
    • Dasgupta, N.1    Asgari, S.2
  • 10
    • 85047683742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the malleability of automatic attitudes: Combating automatic prejudice with images of admired and disliked individuals
    • Dasgupta, N. & Greenwald, A. G. (2001). On the malleability of automatic attitudes: Combating automatic prejudice with images of admired and disliked individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 800-814.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 800-814
    • Dasgupta, N.1    Greenwald, A.G.2
  • 11
    • 0018622389 scopus 로고
    • Self-evaluations of male and female managers
    • Deaux, K. (1979). Self-evaluations of male and female managers. Sex Roles, 5, 571-580.
    • (1979) Sex Roles , vol.5 , pp. 571-580
    • Deaux, K.1
  • 14
    • 0034340213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: Women and men of the past, present, and future
    • Diekman, A. B. & Eagly, A. H. (2000). Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: Women and men of the past, present, and future. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1171-1188.
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 1171-1188
    • Diekman, A.B.1    Eagly, A.H.2
  • 15
    • 77954676309 scopus 로고
    • zit. n. Wittenbrink, B. & Schwartz, N., (2007) New York: The Guilford Press
    • Donders, F. C. (1868) zit. n. Wittenbrink, B. & Schwartz, N. (2007). Implicit measures of attitudes. New York: The Guilford Press.
    • (1868) Implicit Measures of Attitudes
    • Donders, F.C.1
  • 16
    • 33750908246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Men, women, and managers: Are stereotypes finally changing?
    • Duehr, E. E. & Bono, J. E. (2006). Men, women, and managers: Are stereotypes finally changing? Personnel Psychology, 59, 815-846.
    • (2006) Personnel Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 815-846
    • Duehr, E.E.1    Bono, J.E.2
  • 18
    • 85047674303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders
    • Eagly, A. H. & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109, 573-598.
    • (2002) Psychological Review , vol.109 , pp. 573-598
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Karau, S.J.2
  • 20
    • 54149085429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Ich folge Dir, wenn Du in meinen Augen eine gute Führungskraft bist, denn dann kann ich mich auch mit Dir identifizieren." Wie Einflussoffenheit von Untergebenen über Identifikationsprozesse vermittelt wird
    • Eckloff, T. & van Quaquebeke, N. (2008). "Ich folge Dir, wenn Du in meinen Augen eine gute Führungskraft bist, denn dann kann ich mich auch mit Dir identifizieren." Wie Einflussoffenheit von Untergebenen über Identifikationsprozesse vermittelt wird. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, 52, 169-181.
    • (2008) Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie , vol.52 , pp. 169-181
    • Eckloff, T.1    Van Quaquebeke, N.2
  • 21
    • 77954670363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity-orientierte Trainings und Beurteilungen von Führungskräften
    • Emmerich, A. & Krell, G. (2002). Diversity-orientierte Trainings und Beurteilungen von Führungskräften. Wirtschaftspsychologie, 1, 64-69.
    • (2002) Wirtschaftspsychologie , vol.1 , pp. 64-69
    • Emmerich, A.1    Krell, G.2
  • 22
    • 24944486470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From ideal to real: A longitudinal study of the role of implicit leadership theories on leader-member exchanges and employee outcomes
    • Epitropaki, O. & Martin, R. (2005). From ideal to real: A longitudinal study of the role of implicit leadership theories on leader-member exchanges and employee outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 659-676.
    • (2005) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.90 , pp. 659-676
    • Epitropaki, O.1    Martin, R.2
  • 25
    • 84985265263 scopus 로고
    • The effect of affirmative action on attributions about minority group members
    • Garcia, L. T., Hawn, K. & Casmay, S. R. (1981). The effect of affirmative action on attributions about minority group members. Journal of Personality, 49, 427-437.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality , vol.49 , pp. 427-437
    • Garcia, L.T.1    Hawn, K.2    Casmay, S.R.3
  • 26
    • 77954681721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache, Digitale Version, Stand: 01. 09. 2008
    • Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache (2008). Die beliebtesten Vornamen in Deutschland seit 1957/58:Alphabetische Liste. [Digitale Version: http://www.gfds.de/vornamen/beliebteste-vornamen/; Stand: 01. 09. 2008]
    • (2008) Die Beliebtesten Vornamen in Deutschland Seit 1957/58: Alphabetische Liste
  • 29
    • 0042549769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and using the implicit association test: I. An improved scoring algorithm
    • Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A. & Banaji, M. R. (2003). Understanding and using the implicit association test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 197-216.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 197-216
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Nosek, B.A.2    Banaji, M.R.3
  • 30
    • 52749084015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The road to the glass cliff: Differences in the perceived suitability of men and women for leadership positions in succeeding and failing organizations
    • Haslam, S. A. & Ryan, M. K. (2008). The road to the glass cliff: Differences in the perceived suitability of men and women for leadership positions in succeeding and failing organizations. The Leadership Quarterly, 19, 530-546.
    • (2008) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.19 , pp. 530-546
    • Haslam, S.A.1    Ryan, M.K.2
  • 31
    • 0000926112 scopus 로고
    • Presumed incompetent? Stigmatization and affirmative action efforts
    • Heilman, M. E., Block, C. J. & Lucas, C. J. (1992). Presumed incompetent? Stigmatization and affirmative action efforts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 536-544.
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 536-544
    • Heilman, M.E.1    Block, C.J.2    Lucas, C.J.3
  • 32
  • 34
    • 77954672031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Januar/Februar 2008. [digitale Version, Stand: 07.01.10
    • Hoppenstedt (2008).Aktuelle Auswertung Frauen imManagement. Januar/Februar 2008. [digitale Version: http:// www. hoppenstedt.de/xist4c/ download/web/Auswertung+Frauen+im+Management+2008-uplId-421-coId-567-.xls; Stand: 07.01.10]
    • (2008) Aktuelle Auswertung Frauen in Management
    • Hoppenstedt1
  • 35
    • 0001384139 scopus 로고
    • Women as leaders: Performance evaluation as a function of method of leader selection
    • Jacobson, M. B. & Koch, W. (1977). Women as leaders: Performance evaluation as a function of method of leader selection. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 20, 149-157.
    • (1977) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.20 , pp. 149-157
    • Jacobson, M.B.1    Koch, W.2
  • 36
    • 41949117260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The strong, sensitive type: Effects of gender stereotypes and leadership prototypes on the evaluation of male and female leaders
    • Johnson, S. K., Murphy, S. E., Zewdie, S. & Reichard, S. Z. (2008). The strong, sensitive type: Effects of gender stereotypes and leadership prototypes on the evaluation of male and female leaders. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 106, 39-60.
    • (2008) Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes , vol.106 , pp. 39-60
    • Johnson, S.K.1    Murphy, S.E.2    Zewdie, S.3    Reichard, S.Z.4
  • 37
    • 33746323654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The single category implicit association test as a measure of implicit social cognition
    • Karpinski, A. & Steinman, R.B. (2006). The single category implicit association test as a measure of implicit social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 16-32.
    • (2006) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 16-32
    • Karpinski, A.1    Steinman, R.B.2
  • 38
    • 0034185662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Just say no (to stereotyping): Effects of training in the negation of stereotypic associations on stereotype activation
    • Kawakami, K., Moll, J., Hermsen, S., Dovido, J. F. & Russin, A. (2000). Just say no (to stereotyping): Effects of training in the negation of stereotypic associations on stereotype activation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 871-888.
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.78 , pp. 871-888
    • Kawakami, K.1    Moll, J.2    Hermsen, S.3    Dovido, J.F.4    Russin, A.5
  • 39
    • 0003133372 scopus 로고
    • An information processing approach to social perceptions, leadership and behavioral measurement in organizations
    • Lord, R. G. (1985). An information processing approach to social perceptions, leadership and behavioral measurement in organizations. Organizational Behaviour, 7, 87-128.
    • (1985) Organizational Behaviour , vol.7 , pp. 87-128
    • Lord, R.G.1
  • 40
    • 18044387371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextual constraints on prototype generation and their multilevel consequences for leadership perceptions
    • Lord, R. G., Brown, D. J., Harvey, J. L. & Hall, R. J. (2001). Contextual constraints on prototype generation and their multilevel consequences for leadership perceptions. The Leadership Quarterly, 12, 311-338.
    • (2001) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.12 , pp. 311-338
    • Lord, R.G.1    Brown, D.J.2    Harvey, J.L.3    Hall, R.J.4
  • 41
    • 33845252756 scopus 로고
    • A test of leadership categorization theory: Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions
    • Lord, R. G., Foti, R. J. & de Vader, C. L. (1984). A test of leadership categorization theory: Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 34, 343-378.
    • (1984) Organizational Behavior & Human Performance , vol.34 , pp. 343-378
    • Lord, R.G.1    Foti, R.J.2    De Vader, C.L.3
  • 43
    • 0000688420 scopus 로고
    • The persistence of gender stereotypes in the face of changing sex roles: Evidence contrary to the sociocultural model
    • Lueptow, L. B., Garovich, L. & Lueptow, M. B. (1995). The persistence of gender stereotypes in the face of changing sex roles: Evidence contrary to the sociocultural model. Ethnology and Sociobiology, 16, 509-530.
    • (1995) Ethnology and Sociobiology , vol.16 , pp. 509-530
    • Lueptow, L.B.1    Garovich, L.2    Lueptow, M.B.3
  • 44
    • 33746390511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When fit is fundamental: Performance evaluations and promotions of upper-level female and male managers
    • Lyness, K. S. & Heilman, M. E. (2006). When fit is fundamental: Performance evaluations and promotions of upper-level female and male managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 777-785.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 777-785
    • Lyness, K.S.1    Heilman, M.E.2
  • 46
    • 77954673162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B. Shamir, R. Pillai M. C. Bligh & M. Uhl-Bien (Eds.), Follower-centred perspectives on leadership, Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing
    • Medvedeff, M. E. & Lord, R. G. (2007). Implicit leadership theories as dynamic processing structures. In B. Shamir, R. Pillai, M. C. Bligh & M. Uhl-Bien (Eds.), Follower-centred perspectives on leadership (pp. 19-50). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
    • (2007) Implicit Leadership Theories as Dynamic Processing Structures , pp. 19-50
    • Medvedeff, M.E.1    Lord, R.G.2
  • 48
    • 0347375666 scopus 로고
    • Selfdirected versus other-directed affect as a consequence of prejudice-related discrepancies
    • Monteith, M. J., Devine, P. G. & Zuwerink, J. R. (1993). Selfdirected versus other-directed affect as a consequence of prejudice-related discrepancies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 198-210.
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.64 , pp. 198-210
    • Monteith, M.J.1    Devine, P.G.2    Zuwerink, J.R.3
  • 50
    • 84970217074 scopus 로고
    • The effects of prototypebased biases on leadership appraisals: A test of leadership categorization theory
    • Nye, J. L. & Forsyth, D. R. (1991). The effects of prototypebased biases on leadership appraisals: A test of leadership categorization theory. Small Group Research, 22, 360-379.
    • (1991) Small Group Research , vol.22 , pp. 360-379
    • Nye, J.L.1    Forsyth, D.R.2
  • 51
    • 0001991489 scopus 로고
    • Implicit leadership theories: Content, structure, and generalizability
    • Offermann, L. R., Kennedy, J. K. & Wirtz, P.W. (1994). Implicit leadership theories: Content, structure, and generalizability. The Leadership Quarterly, 5, 43-58.
    • (1994) The Leadership Quarterly , vol.5 , pp. 43-58
    • Offermann, L.R.1    Kennedy, J.K.2    Wirtz, P.W.3
  • 52
    • 84965943775 scopus 로고
    • The "good manager": Did androgyny fare better in the 80s?
    • Powell, G. N. & Butterfield, D. A. (1989). The "good manager": Did androgyny fare better in the 80s? Group Organization Studies, 14, 216-233.
    • (1989) Group Organization Studies , vol.14 , pp. 216-233
    • Powell, G.N.1    Butterfield, D.A.2
  • 53
    • 84986146039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender, gender identity, and aspirations to top management
    • Powell, G. N. & Butterfield, D. A. (2003). Gender, gender identity, and aspirations to top management. Women in Management Review, 18, 88-96.
    • (2003) Women in Management Review , vol.18 , pp. 88-96
    • Powell, G.N.1    Butterfield, D.A.2
  • 54
    • 0036238882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and managerial stereotypes: Have the times changed?
    • Powell, G. N., Butterfield, D. A. & Parent, J. D. (2002). Gender and managerial stereotypes: Have the times changed? Journal of Management, 28, 177-193.
    • (2002) Journal of Management , vol.28 , pp. 177-193
    • Powell, G.N.1    Butterfield, D.A.2    Parent, J.D.3
  • 55
    • 20744432513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glass cliff: Evidence that women are over-represented in precarious leadership positions
    • Ryan, M. K. & Haslam, S. A. (2005). The glass cliff: Evidence that women are over-represented in precarious leadership positions. British Journal of Management, 16, 81-90.
    • (2005) British Journal of Management , vol.16 , pp. 81-90
    • Ryan, M.K.1    Haslam, S.A.2
  • 56
    • 0035209995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global look at psychological barriers to women's progress in management
    • Schein, V. E. (2001). A global look at psychological barriers to women's progress in management. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 675-688.
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , pp. 675-688
    • Schein, V.E.1
  • 57
    • 0029665903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Think manager - Think male: A global phenomenon?
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199601)17:1<33::AID-JOB778>3.0.CO;2-F
    • Schein, V. E., Mueller, R., Lituchy, T. & Liu, J. (1996). Think manager - think male: A global phenomenon? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17, 33-41. (Pubitemid 126174145)
    • (1996) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-41
    • Schein, V.E.1    Mueller, R.2    Lituchy, T.3    Jiang, L.4
  • 59
    • 33747886285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The personality of followers and its effect on the perception of leadership: An overview, a study, and a research agenda
    • Schyns, B. & Felfe, J. (2006). The personality of followers and its effect on the perception of leadership: An overview, a study, and a research agenda. Small Group Research, 37, 522-539.
    • (2006) Small Group Research , vol.37 , pp. 522-539
    • Schyns, B.1    Felfe, J.2
  • 60
    • 33750736366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female first, leader second? Gender bias in the encoding of leadership behavior
    • Scott, K. A. & Brown, D. J. (2006). Female first, leader second? Gender bias in the encoding of leadership behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101, 230-242.
    • (2006) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.101 , pp. 230-242
    • Scott, K.A.1    Brown, D.J.2
  • 61
    • 77954676851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B. Schyns & J. R. Meindl (Eds.), Implicit leadership theories: Essays and explorations, Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing
    • Sczesny, S. (2005). Gender stereotypes and implicit leadership theories. In B. Schyns & J. R. Meindl (Eds.), Implicit leadership theories: Essays and explorations (pp. 159-172). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing
    • (2005) Gender Stereotypes and Implicit Leadership Theories , pp. 159-172
    • Sczesny, S.1
  • 62
    • 13844298925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender stereotypes and the attribution of leadership traits: A crosscultural comparison
    • Sczesny, S., Bosak, J., Neff, D. & Schyns, B. (2004). Gender stereotypes and the attribution of leadership traits: A crosscultural comparison. Sex Roles, 51, 631-645.
    • (2004) Sex Roles , vol.51 , pp. 631-645
    • Sczesny, S.1    Bosak, J.2    Neff, D.3    Schyns, B.4
  • 63
    • 0141908353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frauen unterschätzen sich: Selbstbeurteilungs-Biases in einer simulierten Bewerbungssituation
    • Sieverding, M. (2003). Frauen unterschätzen sich: Selbstbeurteilungs-Biases in einer simulierten Bewerbungssituation. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 34, 147-160.
    • (2003) Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie , vol.34 , pp. 147-160
    • Sieverding, M.1
  • 64
    • 77954670362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digitale Version, Stand: 21. 12.2009
    • Statistisches Bundesamt (2008). Verdienstabstand zwischen Frauen und Männern. [Digitale Version: http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/ Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Content/Publikationen/STATmagazin/ VerdiensteArbeitskosten/2008-8/PDF2008-10.property=file.pdf; Stand: 21. 12. 2009]
    • (2008) Verdienstabstand Zwischen Frauen und Männern
    • Statistisches, B.1
  • 65
    • 77954669528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digitale Version, Stand: 10. 01. 2010
    • Statistisches Bundesamt (2009). Verdienste und Arbeitskosten. [Digitale Version: http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/ SharedContent/Oeffentlich/AI/IC/Publikationen/Jahrbuch/VerdiensteArbeitskosten. property=file.pdf; Stand: 10. 01. 2010]
    • (2009) Verdienste und Arbeitskosten
    • Statistisches, B.1
  • 66
    • 0031155092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance
    • Steele, C. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52, 613-629.
    • (1997) American Psychologist , vol.52 , pp. 613-629
    • Steele, C.1
  • 67
    • 0001868677 scopus 로고
    • In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations, Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall
    • Tajfel, H. & Turner, J.C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall.
    • (1986) The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior , pp. 7-24
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 69
    • 43149088228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entwicklung und erste Validierung zweier Instrumente zur Erfassung von Führungskräfte-Kategorisierung im deutschsprachigen Raum
    • van Quaquebeke, N. & Brodbeck, F. C. (2008). Entwicklung und erste Validierung zweier Instrumente zur Erfassung von Führungskräfte- Kategorisierung im deutschsprachigen Raum. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, 52, 70-80.
    • (2008) Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie , vol.52 , pp. 70-80
    • Van Quaquebeke, N.1    Brodbeck, F.C.2
  • 70
    • 77954676457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leadership in the eye of the beholder: Cognitive construction, recognition, and interpretation of leadership
    • van Quaquebeke, N., Eckloff, T., Zenker, S. & Giessner, S. (2009). Leadership in the eye of the beholder: Cognitive construction, recognition, and interpretation of leadership. Personalführung, 1, 34-41.
    • (2009) Personalführung , vol.1 , pp. 34-41
    • Van Quaquebeke, N.1    Eckloff, T.2    Zenker, S.3    Giessner, S.4
  • 73
    • 85047684285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous prejudice in context: Variability in automatically activated attitudes
    • Wittenbrink, B., Judd, C. M. & Park, B. (2001). Spontaneous prejudice in context: Variability in automatically activated attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 815-827.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 815-827
    • Wittenbrink, B.1    Judd, C.M.2    Park, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.